Loans | Major classifications of loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 84,987 61,749 Single-family residential 246,703 240,700 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 37,249 40,189 Commercial 248,637 247,521 Multifamily and farmland 28,937 21,047 Total real estate loans 646,513 611,206 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 89,022 87,596 Farm loans 1,204 - Consumer loans 9,888 9,832 All other loans 13,137 15,177 Total loans 759,764 723,811 Less allowance for loan losses 6,366 7,550 Total net loans $ 753,398 716,261 The above table includes deferred costs, net of deferred fees, totaling $1.6 million and $1.4 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties and also in Mecklenburg, Union, Wake and Durham counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: ● Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of December 31, 2017, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 11% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of December 31, 2017, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 37% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, including Banco single-family residential stated income loans which were approximately 5% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over a loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of December 31, 2017, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 33% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid, or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of December 31, 2017, commercial loans comprised approximately 12% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 277 - 277 84,710 84,987 - Single-family residential 3,241 193 3,434 243,269 246,703 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 4,078 465 4,543 32,706 37,249 - Commercial 588 - 588 248,049 248,637 - Multifamily and farmland - 12 12 28,925 28,937 - Total real estate loans 8,184 670 8,854 637,659 646,513 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 53 100 153 88,869 89,022 - Farm loans - - - 1,204 1,204 - Consumer loans 113 5 118 9,770 9,888 - All other loans - - - 13,137 13,137 - Total loans $ 8,350 775 9,125 750,639 759,764 - December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - 10 10 61,739 61,749 - Single-family residential 4,890 80 4,970 235,730 240,700 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 5,250 249 5,499 34,690 40,189 - Commercial 342 126 468 247,053 247,521 - Multifamily and farmland 471 - 471 20,576 21,047 - Total real estate loans 10,953 465 11,418 599,788 611,206 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 273 - 273 87,323 87,596 - Farm loans - - - - - - Consumer loans 68 6 74 9,758 9,832 - All other loans 3 - 3 15,174 15,177 - Total loans $ 11,297 471 11,768 712,043 723,811 - The following table presents the Bank’s non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 14 22 Single-family residential 1,634 1,662 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 1,543 1,340 Commercial 396 669 Multifamily and farmland 12 78 Total real estate loans 3,599 3,771 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 100 21 Consumer loans 12 33 Total $ 3,711 3,825 At each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank’s impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers that also perform appraisals for other companies. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank’s troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment totaled $4.9 million and $5.9 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Accruing impaired loans were $24.6 million and $23.5 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $1.4 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following tables present the Bank’s impaired loans as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015: December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 282 - 277 277 6 253 17 Single-family residential 5,226 1,135 3,686 4,821 41 5,113 265 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 17,360 - 16,805 16,805 1,149 16,867 920 Commercial 2,761 807 1,661 2,468 1 3,411 148 Multifamily and farmland 78 - 12 12 - 28 - Total impaired real estate loans 25,707 1,942 22,441 24,383 1,197 25,672 1,350 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 264 100 4 104 - 149 3 Consumer loans 158 - 154 154 2 194 9 Total impaired loans $ 26,129 2,042 22,599 24,641 1,199 26,015 1,362 December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 282 - 278 278 11 330 13 Single-family residential 5,354 703 4,323 5,026 47 7,247 164 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 18,611 - 18,074 18,074 1,182 17,673 861 Commercial 3,750 1,299 2,197 3,496 166 4,657 152 Multifamily and farmland 78 - 78 78 - 78 - Total impaired real estate loans 28,075 2,002 24,950 26,952 1,406 29,985 1,190 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 27 - 27 27 - 95 - Consumer loans 211 - 202 202 3 222 8 Total impaired loans $ 28,313 2,002 25,179 27,181 1,409 30,302 1,198 December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 643 216 226 442 12 705 18 Single-family residential 8,828 1,489 6,805 8,294 189 10,852 224 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 20,375 - 19,215 19,215 1,143 18,414 921 Commercial 4,556 - 4,893 4,893 179 5,497 89 Multifamily and farmland 96 - 83 83 - 93 6 Total impaired real estate loans 34,498 1,705 31,222 32,927 1,523 35,561 1,258 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 180 - 161 161 3 132 5 Consumer loans 286 - 260 260 4 283 11 Total impaired loans $ 34,964 1,705 31,643 33,348 1,530 35,976 1,274 The fair value measurements for mortgage loans held for sale, impaired loans and other real estate on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented below. The Company’s valuation methodology is discussed in Note 15. (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2017 Level 1 Valuation Level 2 Valuation Level 3 Valuation Mortgage loans held for sale $ 857 - - 857 Impaired loans $ 23,442 - - 23,442 Other real estate $ 118 - - 118 (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2016 Level 1 Valuation Level 2 Valuation Level 3 Valuation Mortgage loans held for sale $ 5,709 - - 5,709 Impaired loans $ 25,772 - - 25,772 Other real estate $ 283 - - 283 (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2017 Fair Value December 31, 2016 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs General Range of Significant Unobservable Input Values Mortgage loans held for sale $ 857 5,709 Rate lock commitment N/A N/A Impaired loans $ 23,442 25,772 Appraised value and discounted cash flows Discounts to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability 0 - 25% Other real estate $ 118 283 Appraised value Discounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell 0 - 25% Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,152 2,126 1,377 1,593 52 675 - 204 371 7,550 Charge-offs - (249 ) - - (66 ) (194 ) - (473 ) - (982 ) Recoveries 14 85 - 21 - 31 - 154 - 305 Provision (362 ) (150 ) (97 ) (421 ) 86 62 - 270 105 (507 ) Ending balance $ 804 1,812 1,280 1,193 72 574 - 155 476 6,366 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - - 1,093 37 - - - - - 1,130 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 804 1,812 187 1,156 72 574 - 155 476 5,236 Ending balance $ 804 1,812 1,280 1,193 72 574 - 155 476 6,366 Loans: Ending balance $ 84,987 246,703 37,249 248,637 28,937 89,022 1,204 23,025 - 759,764 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 98 1,855 15,460 2,251 - 100 - - - 19,764 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 84,889 244,848 21,789 246,386 28,937 88,922 1,204 23,025 - 740,000 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,185 2,534 1,460 1,917 - 842 - 172 479 9,589 Charge-offs (7 ) (275 ) - (318 ) - (146 ) - (492 ) - (1,238 ) Recoveries 10 55 - 19 - 170 - 151 - 405 Provision (1,036 ) (188 ) (83 ) (25 ) 52 (191 ) - 373 (108 ) (1,206 ) Ending balance $ 1,152 2,126 1,377 1,593 52 675 - 204 371 7,550 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - - 1,160 159 - - - - - 1,319 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,152 2,126 217 1,434 52 675 - 204 371 6,231 Ending balance $ 1,152 2,126 1,377 1,593 52 675 - 204 371 7,550 Loans: Ending balance $ 61,749 240,700 40,189 247,521 21,047 87,596 - 25,009 - 723,811 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 935 16,718 3,648 - - - - - 21,301 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 61,749 239,765 23,471 243,873 21,047 87,596 - 25,009 - 702,510 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2015 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,785 2,566 1,610 1,902 7 1,098 - 233 881 11,082 Charge-offs (198 ) (618 ) (117 ) (329 ) - (37 ) - (545 ) - (1,844 ) Recoveries 45 34 22 21 - 101 - 145 - 368 Provision (447 ) 552 (55 ) 323 (7 ) (320 ) - 339 (402 ) (17 ) Ending balance $ 2,185 2,534 1,460 1,917 - 842 - 172 479 9,589 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 96 1,115 171 - - - - - 1,382 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 2,185 2,438 345 1,746 - 842 - 172 479 8,207 Ending balance $ 2,185 2,534 1,460 1,917 - 842 - 172 479 9,589 Loans: Ending balance $ 65,791 220,690 43,733 228,526 18,080 91,010 3 21,258 - 689,091 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 216 2,636 17,850 4,212 - - - - - 24,914 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 65,575 218,054 25,883 224,314 18,080 91,010 3 21,258 - 664,177 The Bank utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: ● Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. CD or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. ● Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Company’s range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. ● Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Company’s range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). ● Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. ● Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. ● Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. ● Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 152 8,590 - - - 446 - 791 - 9,979 2- High Quality 20,593 120,331 - 34,360 561 17,559 - 3,475 2,410 199,289 3- Good Quality 53,586 89,120 14,955 196,439 25,306 65,626 1,085 5,012 9,925 461,054 4- Management Attention 4,313 20,648 15,113 13,727 1,912 5,051 119 562 802 62,247 5- Watch 6,060 4,796 3,357 3,671 1,146 223 - 23 - 19,276 6- Substandard 283 3,218 3,824 440 12 117 - 25 - 7,919 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 84,987 246,703 37,249 248,637 28,937 89,022 1,204 9,888 13,137 759,764 December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ - 14,996 - - - 541 - 959 - 16,496 2- High Quality 9,784 109,809 - 39,769 2,884 26,006 - 3,335 2,507 194,094 3- Good Quality 33,633 82,147 16,703 176,109 14,529 55,155 - 4,842 10,921 394,039 4- Management Attention 10,892 25,219 15,580 24,753 2,355 5,586 - 619 1,749 86,753 5- Watch 7,229 4,682 3,943 4,906 1,201 246 - 31 - 22,238 6- Substandard 211 3,847 3,963 1,984 78 62 - 42 - 10,187 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - 4 - 4 Total $ 61,749 240,700 40,189 247,521 21,047 87,596 - 9,832 15,177 723,811 TDR loans modified in 2017, past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $4.5 million and $5.9 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There were $21,000 and $81,000 in performing loans classified as TDR loans at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The following table presents an analysis of loan modifications during the year ended December 31, 2017: Year ended December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Real estate loans: Single-family residential 2 $ 22 22 Total TDR loans 2 $ 22 22 During the year ended December 31, 2017, two loans were modified that were considered to be new TDR loans. The interest rate was modified on these TDR loans. The following table presents an analysis of loan modifications during the year ended December 31, 2016: Year ended December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Real estate loans: Single-family residential 3 $ 124 121 Total TDR loans 3 $ 124 121 During the year ended December 31, 2016, three loans were modified that were considered to be new TDR loans. The interest rate was modified on these TDR loans. There were no TDR loans with a payment default occurring within 12 months of the restructure date, and the payment default occurring during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. TDR loans are deemed to be in default if they become past due by 90 days or more. |