3. Loans | Major classifications of loans at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 82,046 84,987 Single-family residential 244,061 246,703 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 36,540 37,249 Commercial 261,636 248,637 Multifamily and farmland 29,108 28,937 Total real estate loans 653,391 646,513 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 89,304 89,022 Farm loans 1,095 1,204 Consumer loans 9,329 9,888 All other loans 12,705 13,137 Total loans 765,824 759,764 Less allowance for loan losses 6,373 6,366 Total net loans $ 759,451 753,398 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties, and also in Mecklenburg, Wake and Durham counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: ● Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of March 31, 2018, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 11% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of March 31, 2018, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 37% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, and include Banco’s single-family residential stated income loans, which were approximately 5% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over a loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of March 31, 2018, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 34% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of March 31, 2018, commercial loans comprised approximately 12% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30- 89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 156 117 273 81,773 82,046 - Single-family residential 2,775 96 2,871 241,190 244,061 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 4,196 54 4,250 32,290 36,540 - Commercial 427 - 427 261,209 261,636 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 29,108 29,108 - Total real estate loans 7,554 267 7,821 645,570 653,391 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 59 97 156 89,148 89,304 - Farm loans - - - 1,095 1,095 - Consumer loans 85 5 90 9,239 9,329 - All other loans - - - 12,705 12,705 - Total loans $ 7,698 369 8,067 757,757 765,824 - December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30- 89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 277 - 277 84,710 84,987 - Single-family residential 3,241 193 3,434 243,269 246,703 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 4,078 465 4,543 32,706 37,249 - Commercial 588 - 588 248,049 248,637 - Multifamily and farmland - 12 12 28,925 28,937 - Total real estate loans 8,184 670 8,854 637,659 646,513 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 53 100 153 88,869 89,022 - Farm loans - - - 1,204 1,204 - Consumer loans 113 5 118 9,770 9,888 - All other loans - - - 13,137 13,137 - Total loans $ 8,350 775 9,125 750,639 759,764 - The following table presents non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 130 14 Single-family residential 1,535 1,634 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 1,508 1,543 Commercial 378 396 Multifamily and farmland - 12 Total real estate loans 3,551 3,599 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 97 100 Consumer loans 17 12 Total $ 3,665 3,711 At each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank’s impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers that also perform appraisals for other companies. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank’s troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Accruing impaired loans were $23.8 million, $24.6 million and $26.1 million at March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $352,000, $1.4 million, and $372,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, the year ended December 31, 2017 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following table presents impaired loans as of March 31, 2018: March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 397 - 265 265 9 333 6 Single-family residential 5,080 1,124 3,486 4,610 37 6,258 68 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 17,027 - 17,639 17,639 1,096 15,099 238 Commercial 2,420 477 2,873 3,350 13 2,294 37 Multifamily and farmland - - 78 78 - 6 - Total impaired real estate loans 24,924 1,601 24,341 25,942 1,155 23,990 349 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 260 97 (92 ) 5 - 102 - Consumer loans 154 - 192 192 2 152 2 Total impaired loans $ 25,338 1,698 24,441 26,139 1,157 24,244 351 The following table presents impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017: December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 282 - 277 277 6 253 17 Single-family residential 5,226 1,135 3,686 4,821 41 5,113 265 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 17,360 - 16,805 16,805 1,149 16,867 920 Commercial 2,761 807 1,661 2,468 1 3,411 148 Multifamily and farmland 78 - 12 12 - 28 - Total impaired real estate loans 25,707 1,942 22,441 24,383 1,197 25,672 1,350 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 264 100 4 104 - 149 3 Consumer loans 158 - 154 154 2 194 9 Total impaired loans $ 26,129 2,042 22,599 24,641 1,199 26,015 1,362 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 804 1,812 1,280 1,193 72 574 - 155 476 6,366 Charge-offs - - - - (5 ) - - (101 ) - (106 ) Recoveries 1 5 - 4 1 8 - 63 - 82 Provision (154 ) (177 ) (15 ) 101 5 124 - 19 128 31 Ending balance $ 651 1,640 1,265 1,298 73 706 - 136 604 6,373 Allowance for loan losses March 31, 2018 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - - 1,079 12 - - - - - 1,091 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 651 1,640 186 1,286 73 706 - 136 604 5,282 Ending balance $ 651 1,640 1,265 1,298 73 706 - 136 604 6,373 Loans March 31, 2017: Ending balance $ 82,046 244,061 36,540 261,636 29,108 89,304 1,095 22,034 - 765,824 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 96 1,832 15,190 1,915 - 97 - - - 19,130 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 81,950 242,229 21,350 259,721 29,108 89,207 1,095 22,034 - 746,694 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2017 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,152 2,126 1,377 1,593 52 675 - 204 371 7,550 Charge-offs - (20 ) - - - (2 ) - (109 ) - (131 ) Recoveries 8 7 - 7 - 8 - 50 - 80 Provision (191 ) (110 ) (49 ) 55 21 (53 ) - 33 58 (236 ) Ending balance $ 969 2,003 1,328 1,655 73 628 - 178 429 7,263 Allowance for loan losses March 31, 2017 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - - 1,120 62 - - - - - 1,182 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 969 2,003 208 1,593 73 628 - 178 429 6,081 Ending balance $ 969 2,003 1,328 1,655 73 628 - 178 429 7,263 Loans March 31, 2017: Ending balance $ 65,438 239,322 39,230 247,940 29,078 90,923 897 23,033 - 735,861 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 1,630 16,303 2,736 - - - - - 20,669 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 65,438 237,692 22,927 245,204 29,078 90,923 897 23,033 - 715,192 The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was an expense of $31,000, as compared to a credit of $236,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to a $30.0 million increase in loans from March 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018. The Company utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: ● Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. Certificates of deposit or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. ● Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Company’s range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. ● Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Company’s range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). ● Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. ● Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. ● Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. ● Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 273 7,298 - - - 542 - 525 - 8,638 2- High Quality 20,125 119,589 - 35,003 518 19,667 - 3,427 2,320 200,649 3- Good Quality 51,400 90,160 14,788 205,753 25,635 64,485 933 4,717 9,594 467,465 4- Management Attention 4,495 19,595 14,925 17,177 1,825 4,199 162 609 791 63,778 5- Watch 5,476 4,346 3,136 3,282 1,130 292 - 21 - 17,683 6- Substandard 277 3,073 3,691 421 - 119 - 30 - 7,611 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 82,046 244,061 36,540 261,636 29,108 89,304 1,095 9,329 12,705 765,824 December 31, 2017 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 152 8,590 - - - 446 - 791 - 9,979 2- High Quality 20,593 120,331 - 34,360 561 17,559 - 3,475 2,410 199,289 3- Good Quality 53,586 89,120 14,955 196,439 25,306 65,626 1,085 5,012 9,925 461,054 4- Management Attention 4,313 20,648 15,113 13,727 1,912 5,051 119 562 802 62,247 5- Watch 6,060 4,796 3,357 3,671 1,146 223 - 23 - 19,276 6- Substandard 283 3,218 3,824 440 12 117 - 25 - 7,919 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 84,987 246,703 37,249 248,637 28,937 89,022 1,204 9,888 13,137 759,764 Current year TDR modifications, past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $4.4 million and $4.5 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There were no performing loans classified as TDR loans at March 31, 2018. There was $21,000 in performing loans classified as TDR loans at December 31, 2017. There were no new TDR modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. There were no loans modified as TDR that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, which were within 12 months of their modification date. Generally, a TDR loan is considered to be in default once it becomes 90 days or more past due following a modification. |