3. Loans | Major classifications of loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 95,622 94,178 Single-family residential 269,304 252,983 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 31,673 34,261 Commercial 281,607 270,055 Multifamily and farmland 47,266 33,163 Total real estate loans 725,472 684,640 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 99,382 97,465 Farm loans 1,101 926 Consumer loans 8,473 9,165 All other loans 11,171 11,827 Total loans 845,599 804,023 Less allowance for loan losses 6,578 6,445 Total net loans $ 839,021 797,578 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties, and also in Mecklenburg, Wake and Durham counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: ● Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of September 30, 2019, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 11% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of September 30, 2019, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 36% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, and include Banco’s non-traditional single-family residential loans, which were approximately 4% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over a loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of September 30, 2019, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 33% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of September 30, 2019, commercial loans comprised approximately 12% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: September 30, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 123 - 123 95,499 95,622 - Single-family residential 1,854 189 2,043 267,261 269,304 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 1,568 50 1,618 30,055 31,673 - Commercial 98 178 276 281,331 281,607 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 47,266 47,266 - Total real estate loans 3,643 417 4,060 721,412 725,472 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 412 - 412 98,970 99,382 - Farm loans - - - 1,101 1,101 - Consumer loans 115 4 119 8,354 8,473 - All other loans - - - 11,171 11,171 - Total loans $ 4,170 421 4,591 841,008 845,599 - December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 3 - 3 94,175 94,178 - Single-family residential 4,162 570 4,732 248,251 252,983 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 4,627 580 5,207 29,054 34,261 - Commercial 228 - 228 269,827 270,055 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 33,163 33,163 - Total real estate loans 9,020 1,150 10,170 674,470 684,640 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 445 90 535 96,930 97,465 - Farm loans - - - 926 926 - Consumer loans 99 4 103 9,062 9,165 - All other loans - - - 11,827 11,827 - Total loans $ 9,564 1,244 10,808 793,215 804,023 - The following table presents non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - 1 Single-family residential 1,293 1,530 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 1,559 1,440 Commercial 260 244 Multifamily and farmland - - Total real estate loans 3,112 3,215 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 131 89 Consumer loans 15 10 Total $ 3,258 3,314 At each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank’s impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers that also perform appraisals for other companies. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank’s troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Accruing impaired loans were $21.4 million, $22.8 million and $23.6 million at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $1.0 million, $1.3 million, and $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the year ended December 31, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following table presents impaired loans as of September 30, 2019: September 30, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 187 - 187 187 5 Single-family residential 4,900 409 4,010 4,419 31 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 15,392 - 14,634 14,634 966 Commercial 1,896 - 1,888 1,888 12 Multifamily and farmland - - - - - Total impaired real estate loans 22,375 409 20,719 21,128 1,014 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 578 100 88 188 1 Consumer loans 92 - 88 88 1 Total impaired loans $ 23,045 509 20,895 21,404 1,016 The following table presents the average impaired loan balance and the interest income recognized by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Average Balance Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 188 3 320 2 232 9 326 14 Single-family residential 4,360 70 6,441 73 4,724 188 6,350 207 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 14,805 241 14,602 236 14,916 732 14,851 703 Commercial 1,808 26 2,320 17 1,823 71 2,307 144 Multifamily and farmland - - - - - - 3 - Total impaired real estate loans 21,161 340 23,683 328 21,695 1,000 23,837 1,021 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 153 16 96 - 127 20 99 - Farm loans (non RE) - - - - - - - - Consumer loans 94 1 144 3 102 5 147 7 Total impaired loans $ 21,408 357 23,923 331 21,924 1,025 24,803 1,028 The following table presents impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018: December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 281 - 279 279 5 327 19 Single-family residential 5,059 422 4,188 4,610 32 6,271 261 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 16,424 - 15,776 15,776 1,042 14,619 944 Commercial 1,995 - 1,925 1,925 17 2,171 111 Total impaired real estate loans 23,759 422 22,168 22,590 1,096 23,388 1,335 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 251 89 1 90 - 96 - Consumer loans 116 - 113 113 2 137 7 Total impaired loans $ 24,126 511 22,282 22,793 1,098 23,621 1,342 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Nine months ended September 30, 2019: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 813 1,325 1,177 1,278 83 626 - 161 982 6,445 Charge-offs (21 ) (42 ) - - - (389 ) - (459 ) - (911 ) Recoveries 44 59 - 27 - 80 - 157 - 367 Provision (141 ) 22 (87 ) (26 ) 35 333 - 303 238 677 Ending balance $ 695 1,364 1,090 1,279 118 650 - 162 1,220 6,578 Three months ended September 30, 2019: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 763 1,312 1,116 1,334 110 548 - 161 1,197 6,541 Charge-offs - (19 ) - - - (388 ) - (144 ) - (551 ) Recoveries 41 6 - 4 - 66 - 49 - 166 Provision (109 ) 65 (26 ) (59 ) 8 424 - 96 23 422 Ending balance $ 695 1,364 1,090 1,279 118 650 - 162 1,220 6,578 Allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 2 948 10 - - - - - 960 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 695 1,362 142 1,269 118 650 - 162 1,220 5,618 Ending balance $ 695 1,364 1,090 1,279 118 650 - 162 1,220 6,578 Loans at September 30, 2019: Ending balance $ 95,622 269,304 31,673 281,607 47,266 99,382 1,101 19,644 - 845,599 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 11 1,719 13,196 1,628 - 100 - - - 16,654 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 95,611 267,585 18,477 279,979 47,266 99,282 1,101 19,644 - 828,945 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Nine months ended September 30, 2018: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 804 1,812 1,280 1,193 72 574 - 155 476 6,366 Charge-offs (53 ) (115 ) - (271 ) (5 ) (4 ) - (318 ) - (766 ) Recoveries 4 55 - 101 1 23 - 139 - 323 Provision (63 ) (293 ) (75 ) 438 10 12 - 182 161 372 Ending balance $ 692 1,459 1,205 1,461 78 605 - 158 637 6,295 Three months ended September 30, 2018: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 668 1,638 1,233 1,420 72 587 - 150 509 6,277 Charge-offs (53 ) (73 ) - - - (1 ) - (132 ) - (259 ) Recoveries 1 28 - 94 - 7 - 37 - 167 Provision 76 (134 ) (28 ) (53 ) 6 12 - 103 128 110 Ending balance $ 692 1,459 1,205 1,461 78 605 - 158 637 6,295 Allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2018: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 5 2 1,036 12 - - - - - 1,055 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 687 1,457 169 1,449 78 605 - 158 637 5,240 Ending balance $ 692 1,459 1,205 1,461 78 605 - 158 637 6,295 Loans at September 30, 2018: Ending balance $ 76,987 249,812 34,742 275,629 31,102 97,085 994 20,373 - 786,724 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 98 2,171 14,557 1,879 - 94 - - - 18,799 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 76,889 247,641 20,185 273,750 31,102 96,991 994 20,373 - 767,925 The provision for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $422,000, compared to $110,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to a $58.9 million increase in loans from September 30, 2018 to September 30, 2019 and a $293,000 increase in net charge-offs during the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period one year ago. The provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $677,000, compared to $372,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to a $58.9 million increase in loans from September 30, 2018 to September 30, 2019 and a $101,000 increase in net charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period one year ago. The Company utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: ● Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. Certificates of deposit or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. ● Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Company’s range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. ● Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Company’s range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). ● Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. ● Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. ● Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. ● Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: September 30, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ - 9,078 - - - 632 - 700 - 10,410 2- High Quality 29,679 132,304 - 22,363 291 22,014 - 2,756 1,999 211,406 3- Good Quality 57,270 103,843 12,494 219,509 41,730 69,335 980 4,534 8,441 518,136 4- Management Attention 5,582 17,828 14,213 36,583 4,694 7,033 121 450 731 87,235 5- Watch 3,025 3,261 2,147 2,892 551 231 - 8 - 12,115 6- Substandard 66 2,990 2,819 260 - 137 - 25 - 6,297 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 95,622 269,304 31,673 281,607 47,266 99,382 1,101 8,473 11,171 845,599 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 504 5,795 - - - 605 - 673 - 7,577 2- High Quality 24,594 128,588 - 25,321 395 20,520 - 3,229 2,145 204,792 3- Good Quality 59,549 92,435 13,776 211,541 27,774 69,651 785 4,699 8,932 489,142 4- Management Attention 5,707 19,200 15,012 30,333 3,906 6,325 141 529 750 81,903 5- Watch 3,669 3,761 2,408 2,616 1,088 264 - 18 - 13,824 6- Substandard 155 3,204 3,065 244 - 100 - 17 - 6,785 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 94,178 252,983 34,261 270,055 33,163 97,465 926 9,165 11,827 804,023 Current year TDR modifications, past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $2.2 million and $4.7 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There was zero and $92,000 in performing loans classified as TDR loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no new TDR modifications during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The following table presents an analysis of TDR loan modifications during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Three months ended September 30, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Real estate loans Single-family residential 1 $ 61 61 Total real estate TDR loans 1 61 61 Total TDR loans 1 $ 61 61 During the three months ended September 30, 2018, one loan was modified that was considered to be a new TDR loan. The interest rate was modified on this TDR loan. The following table presents an analysis of TDR loan modifications during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Nine months ended September 30, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Real estate loans Single-family residential 2 $ 94 94 Total real estate TDR loans 2 94 94 Total TDR loans 2 $ 94 94 During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, two loans were modified that were considered to be new TDR loans. The interest rates were modified on these TDR loans. There were no loans modified as TDR that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, which were within 12 months of their modification date. Generally, a TDR loan is considered to be in default once it becomes 90 days or more past due following a modification. |