3. Loans | Major classifications of loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) June 30, December 31, Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 110,077 92,596 Single-family residential 268,174 269,475 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 29,325 30,793 Commercial 303,828 291,255 Multifamily and farmland 49,465 48,090 Total real estate loans 760,869 732,209 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 188,398 100,263 Farm loans 887 1,033 Consumer loans 7,545 8,432 All other loans 8,844 7,937 Total loans 966,543 849,874 Less allowance for loan losses 9,433 6,680 Total net loans $ 957,110 843,194 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties, and also in Mecklenburg, Wake and Durham counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: ● Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of June 30, 2020, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 11% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of June 30, 2020, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 31% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, and include Banco’s non-traditional single-family residential loans, which were approximately 3% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over a loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of June 30, 2020, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 31% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of June 30, 2020, commercial loans comprised approximately 19% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, including $98.1 million in Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: June 30, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Loans 90 or Total Past Total Current Total Loans Accruing Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ — — — 110,077 110,077 — Single-family residential 1,030 371 1,401 266,773 268,174 — Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 1,556 263 1,819 27,506 29,325 — Commercial — 405 405 303,423 303,828 — Multifamily and farmland — — — 49,465 49,465 — Total real estate loans 2,586 1,039 3,625 757,244 760,869 — Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans — — — 188,398 188,398 — Farm loans — — — 887 887 — Consumer loans 27 18 45 7,500 7,545 — All other loans — — — 8,844 8,844 — Total loans $ 2,613 1,057 3,670 962,873 966,543 — December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Loans 90 or Total Past Total Current Total Loans Accruing Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 803 — 803 91,793 92,596 — Single-family residential 3,000 126 3,126 266,349 269,475 — Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 4,834 413 5,247 25,546 30,793 — Commercial 504 176 680 290,575 291,255 — Multifamily and farmland — — — 48,090 48,090 — Total real estate loans 9,141 715 9,856 722,353 732,209 — Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 432 — 432 99,831 100,263 — Farm loans — — — 1,033 1,033 — Consumer loans 170 22 192 8,240 8,432 — All other loans — — — 7,937 7,937 — Total loans $ 9,743 737 10,480 839,394 849,874 — The following table presents non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: (Dollars in thousands) June 30, December 31, Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ — — Single-family residential 1,401 1,378 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 1,822 1,764 Commercial 476 256 Total real estate loans 3,699 3,398 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 276 122 Consumer loans 24 33 Total $ 3,999 3,553 At each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank’s impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers that also perform appraisals for other companies. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank’s troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Accruing impaired loans were $22.5 million, $21.3 million and $21.4 million at June 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $635,000, $1.3 million, and $668,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, the year ended December 31, 2019 and the six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following table presents impaired loans as of June 30, 2020: June 30, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Recorded Recorded Recorded Related Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 134 — 134 134 5 Single-family residential 5,414 391 4,579 4,970 20 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 14,535 — 13,749 13,749 900 Commercial 3,005 739 2,248 2,987 14 Multifamily and farmland — — — — — Total impaired real estate loans 23,088 1,130 20,710 21,840 939 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 640 275 315 590 2 Consumer loans 70 — 66 66 1 Total impaired loans $ 23,798 1,405 21,091 22,496 942 The following table presents the average impaired loan balance and the interest income recognized by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. (Dollars in thousands) Three months ended Six months ended June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Average Interest Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 157 4 232 2 166 7 248 6 Single-family residential 4,778 59 4,214 57 4,734 118 4,826 118 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 13,856 193 15,347 239 14,028 421 15,010 491 Commercial 3,115 43 1,739 22 2,700 72 1,801 45 Multifamily and farmland — — — — — — — — Total impaired real estate loans 21,906 299 21,532 320 21,628 618 21,885 660 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 643 6 114 3 487 15 106 4 Consumer loans 77 1 104 2 83 2 107 4 Total impaired loans $ 22,626 306 21,750 325 22,198 635 22,098 668 The following table presents impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Recorded Recorded Recorded Related Average YTD Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 183 — 183 183 7 231 12 Single-family residential 5,152 403 4,243 4,646 36 4,678 269 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 15,165 — 14,371 14,371 944 14,925 956 Commercial 1,879 — 1,871 1,871 7 1,822 91 Total impaired real estate loans 22,379 403 20,668 21,071 994 21,656 1,328 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 180 92 84 176 — 134 9 Consumer loans 100 — 96 96 2 105 7 Total impaired loans $ 22,659 495 20,848 21,343 996 21,895 1,344 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction Single-Family Single-Family Commercial Multifamily Commercial Farm Consumer Unallocated Total Six months ended June 30, 2020: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 694 1,274 1,073 1,305 120 688 — 138 1,388 6,680 Charge-offs (5 ) — — (7 ) — (109 ) — (257 ) — (378 ) Recoveries 2 25 — 34 — 26 — 106 — 193 Provision 840 514 41 719 (5 ) 375 — 175 279 2,938 Ending balance $ 1,531 1,813 1,114 2,051 115 980 — 162 1,667 9,433 Three months ended June 30, 2020: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,293 1,713 1,084 1,799 118 1,017 — 180 908 8,112 Charge-offs — — — — — (78 ) — (90 ) — (168 ) Recoveries — 9 — 11 — — — 52 — 72 Provision 238 91 30 241 (3 ) 41 — 20 759 1,417 Ending balance $ 1,531 1,813 1,114 2,051 115 980 — 162 1,667 9,433 Allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2020: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 5 894 11 — — — — — 912 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,529 1,808 220 2,040 115 980 — 162 1,667 8,521 Ending balance $ 1,531 1,813 1,114 2,051 115 980 — 162 1,667 9,433 Loans at June 30, 2020: Ending balance $ 110,077 268,174 29,325 303,828 49,465 188,398 887 16,389 — 966,543 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 8 1,657 12,297 2,084 — 275 — — — 16,321 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 110,069 266,517 17,028 301,744 49,465 188,123 887 16,389 — 950,222 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction Single-Family Single-Family Commercial Multifamily Commercial Farm Consumer Unallocated Total Six months ended June 30, 2019: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 813 1,325 1,177 1,278 83 626 — 161 982 6,445 Charge-offs (21 ) (22 ) — — — (1 ) — (316 ) — (360 ) Recoveries 3 53 — 23 — 14 — 108 — 201 Provision (32 ) (44 ) (61 ) 33 27 (91 ) — 208 215 255 Ending balance $ 763 1,312 1,116 1,334 110 548 — 161 1,197 6,541 Three months ended June 30, 2019: Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 831 1,256 1,174 1,292 98 610 — 162 1,138 6,561 Charge-offs (21 ) (9 ) — — — — — (166 ) — (196 ) Recoveries 2 5 — 19 — 8 — 65 — 99 Provision (49 ) 60 (58 ) 23 12 (70 ) — 100 59 77 Ending balance $ 763 1,312 1,116 1,334 110 548 — 161 1,197 6,541 Allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2019: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — 2 970 12 — — — — — 984 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 763 1,310 146 1,322 110 548 — 161 1,197 5,557 Ending balance $ 763 1,312 1,116 1,334 110 548 — 161 1,197 6,541 Loans at June 30, 2019: Ending balance $ 86,920 264,724 32,499 281,895 44,065 103,466 1,060 18,738 — 833,367 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 11 1,738 13,508 1,643 — 38 — — — 16,938 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 86,909 262,986 18,991 280,252 44,065 103,428 1,060 18,738 — 816,429 The provision for loan losses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $1.4 million, compared to $77,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to increases in the qualitative factors applied in the Company’s Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“ALLL”) model due to the impact to the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic and a $34.4 million increase in loans, excluding $98.1 million in SBA PPP loans, from June 30, 2019 to June 30, 2020. PPP loans are excluded from the ALLL as PPP loans are 100 percent guaranteed by SBA. The ALLL model also includes reserves on $120.6 million in loans with payment modifications made in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $2.9 million, compared to $255,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to increases in the qualitative factors applied in the Company’s ALLL model due to the impact to the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic and a $133.2 million increase in loans, excluding $98.1 million in SBA PPP loans, from June 30, 2019 to June 30, 2020. PPP loans are excluded from the ALLL as PPP loans are 100 percent guaranteed by SBA. The ALLL model also includes reserves on $120.6 million in loans with payment modifications made in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reserves associated with COVID-19 payment modifications increased $1.2 million from $439,000 at March 31, 2020 to $1.6 million at June 30, 2020. The Company utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: ● Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. Certificates of deposit or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. ● Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Company’s range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. ● Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Company’s range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). ● Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. ● Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. ● Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. ● Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: June 30, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction Single-Family Single-Family Commercial Multifamily Commercial Farm Consumer All Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 138 13,742 — — — 742 — 626 — 15,248 2- High Quality 31,603 126,830 — 22,702 299 23,690 — 2,347 1,713 209,184 3- Good Quality 69,907 103,328 11,382 238,800 44,129 152,603 816 4,150 6,411 631,526 4- Management Attention 5,388 17,814 13,141 38,202 4,504 10,576 71 374 720 90,790 5- Watch 2,981 3,104 1,923 3,265 533 411 — 7 — 12,224 6- Substandard 60 3,356 2,879 859 — 376 — 41 — 7,571 7- Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — 8- Loss — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 110,077 268,174 29,325 303,828 49,465 188,398 887 7,545 8,844 966,543 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction Single-Family Single-Family Commercial Multifamily Commercial Farm Consumer All Total 1- Excellent Quality $ — 8,819 — — — 330 — 693 — 9,842 2- High Quality 32,029 128,757 — 21,829 256 20,480 — 2,708 1,860 207,919 3- Good Quality 52,009 107,246 12,103 231,003 42,527 72,417 948 4,517 5,352 528,122 4- Management Attention 5,487 18,409 13,737 35,095 4,764 6,420 85 458 725 85,180 5- Watch 3,007 3,196 2,027 3,072 543 492 — 8 — 12,345 6- Substandard 64 3,048 2,926 256 — 124 — 48 — 6,466 7- Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — 8- Loss — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 92,596 269,475 30,793 291,255 48,090 100,263 1,033 8,432 7,937 849,874 Current year TDR modifications, past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $2.9 million and $4.3 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There were no performing loans classified as TDR loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no new TDR modifications during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. There were no loans modified as TDR that defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, which were within 12 months of their modification date. Generally, a TDR loan is considered to be in default once it becomes 90 days or more past due following a modification. On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which established a $2 trillion economic stimulus package, including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a $349 billion loan program administered through the PPP. Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed individuals may apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Bank is participating as a lender in the PPP. The Bank originated $64.5 million in PPP loans during the initial round of PPP funding. A second round of PPP funding, signed into law by President Trump on April 24, 2020, provided $320 billion additional funding for the PPP. As of June 30, 2020, the Bank had originated $34.3 million in PPP loans during the second round of PPP funding. The Bank has received $4.0 million in fees from the SBA for PPP loans originated as of June 30, 2020. Total PPP loans originated as of June 30, 2020 amounted to $98.8 million. The Bank has continued to modify payments on loans due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At June 30, 2020, loans totaling $120.6 million had payment modifications due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans with payment modifications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic include $111.4 million in loans secured by real estate, $8.4 million in commercial loans not secured by real estate and $788,000 in consumer loans not secured by real estate at June 30, 2020. These payment modifications are primarily interest only payments for three to six months. Loan payment modifications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are not classified as TDR due to Section 4013 of the CARES Act, which provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR pursuant to GAAP. |