Loans | (3) Loans Major classifications of loans at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 95,760 94,124 Single-family residential 266,111 272,325 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 23,147 26,883 Commercial 337,841 332,971 Multifamily and farmland 58,366 48,880 Total real estate loans 781,225 775,183 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 91,172 161,740 Farm loans 796 855 Consumer loans 6,436 7,113 All other loans 5,240 3,748 Total loans 884,869 948,639 Less allowance for loan losses (9,355 ) (9,908 ) Total net loans $ 875,514 938,731 The above table includes deferred costs, net of deferred fees, totaling $198,000 at December 31, 2021 including $945,000 in deferred PPP loan fees. The above table includes deferred fees, net of deferred costs, totaling $1.4 million at December 31, 2020 including $2.6 million in deferred PPP loan fees. The Bank makes loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties and also in Mecklenburg, Wake, Rowan and Forsyth counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial A-48 portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: · Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of December 31, 2021, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 11% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. · Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of December 31, 2021, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 33% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, including Banco single-family residential non-traditional loans which were approximately 3% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. · Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over the loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of December 31, 2021, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 38% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. · Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid, or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of December 31, 2021, commercial loans comprised approximately 10% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, including $18.0 million in PPP loans. · Multifamily and farmland loans – Decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of December 31, 2021, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 7% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the CARES Act, which established a $2 trillion economic stimulus package, including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a $349 billion loan program administered through the PPP. Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed individuals were able to apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders, subject to certain limitations and eligibility criteria. A second round of PPP funding, provided $320 billion additional funding for the PPP. The Bank participated as a lender in the PPP. Total PPP loans originated as of December 31, 2021 amounted to $128.1 million. The outstanding balance of PPP loans was $18.0 million and $75.8 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Through December 31, 2021, the Bank has received $5.7 million in fees from the SBA for PPP loans originated.. The Bank recognized $3.4 million and $1.4 million of PPP loan fee income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: A-49 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - - - 95,760 95,760 - Single-family residential 2,323 634 2,957 263,154 266,111 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 2,593 112 2,705 20,442 23,147 - Commercial 488 - 488 337,353 337,841 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 58,366 58,366 - Total real estate loans 5,404 746 6,150 775,075 781,225 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 43 - 43 91,129 91,172 - Farm loans - - - 796 796 - Consumer loans 38 - 38 6,398 6,436 - All other loans - - - 5,240 5,240 - Total loans $ 5,485 746 6,231 878,638 884,869 - December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 298 - 298 93,826 94,124 - Single-family residential 3,660 270 3,930 268,395 272,325 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 3,566 105 3,671 23,212 26,883 - Commercial 36 - 36 332,935 332,971 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 48,880 48,880 - Total real estate loans 7,560 375 7,935 767,248 775,183 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans - - - 161,740 161,740 - Farm loans - - - 855 855 - Consumer loans 45 2 47 7,066 7,113 - All other loans - - - 3,748 3,748 - Total loans $ 7,605 377 7,982 940,657 948,639 - The following table presents the Bank’s non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: A-50 (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - - Single-family residential 1,642 1,266 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 1,232 1,709 Commercial 200 440 Multifamily and farmland 105 117 Total real estate loans 3,179 3,532 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 49 212 Consumer loans 2 14 Total $ 3,230 3,758 At the end of each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank’s impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers who also perform appraisals for third parties. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management in determining the fair value of collateral. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank’s Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR loans”) in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment totaled $5.3 million, $5.8 million and $5.3 million at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Accruing impaired loans were $18.3 and $21.3 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $1.0 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following tables present the Bank’s impaired loans as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019: December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 73 - 73 73 3 82 6 Single-family residential 5,138 524 4,374 4,898 86 6,017 253 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 11,753 - 10,922 10,922 687 10,325 609 Commercial 2,138 435 1,608 2,043 11 2,385 109 Multifamily and farmland 113 - 105 105 - 110 6 Total impaired real estate loans 19,215 959 17,082 18,041 787 18,919 983 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 282 49 170 219 2 271 19 Consumer loans 8 - 4 4 - 11 1 Total impaired loans $ 19,505 1,008 17,256 18,264 789 19,201 1,003 A-51 December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 108 - 108 108 4 134 8 Single-family residential 5,302 379 4,466 4,845 33 4,741 262 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 13,417 - 12,753 12,753 862 13,380 798 Commercial 2,999 1,082 1,891 2,973 14 2,940 139 Multifamily and farmland 119 - 117 117 - 29 6 Total impaired real estate loans 21,945 1,461 19,335 20,796 913 21,224 1,213 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 515 211 244 455 5 564 32 Consumer loans 41 - 37 37 1 60 5 Total impaired loans $ 22,501 1,672 19,616 21,288 919 21,848 1,250 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 183 - 183 183 7 231 12 Single-family residential 5,152 403 4,243 4,646 36 4,678 269 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 15,165 - 14,371 14,371 944 14,925 956 Commercial 1,879 - 1,871 1,871 7 1,822 91 Total impaired real estate loans 22,379 403 20,668 21,071 994 21,656 1,328 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 180 92 84 176 - 134 9 Consumer loans 100 - 96 96 2 105 7 Total impaired loans $ 22,659 495 20,848 21,343 996 21,895 1,344 The fair value measurements for mortgage loans held for sale, impaired loans and other real estate on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are presented below. The Bank’s valuation methodology is discussed in Note 16. (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2021 Level 1 Valuation Level 2 Valuation Level 3 Valuation Mortgage loans held for sale $ 3,637 - - 3,637 Impaired loans $ 17,475 - - 17,475 (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2020 Level 1 Valuation Level 2 Valuation Level 3 Valuation Mortgage loans held for sale $ 9,139 - - 9,139 Impaired loans $ 20,369 - - 20,369 Other real estate $ 128 - - 128 A-52 (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2021 Fair Value December 31, 2020 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs General Range of Significant Unobservable Input Values Mortgage loans held for sale $ 3,637 $ 9,139 Rate lock commitment N/A N/A Impaired loans $ 17,475 $ 20,369 Appraised value and discounted cash flows Discounts to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability 0 - 25% Other real estate $ - $ 128 Appraised value Discounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell 0 - 25% The following table presents changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2021. PPP loans are excluded from the allowance for loan losses as PPP loans are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA. (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Twelve months ended December 31,2021 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 1,196 1,843 1,052 2,212 122 1,345 - 128 2,010 9,908 Charge-offs - (89 ) - - - (293 ) - (380 ) - (762 ) Recoveries 121 271 - 52 3 786 - 139 - 1,372 Provision (124 ) (12 ) (188 ) (30 ) 25 (1,127 ) - 223 70 (1,163 ) Ending balance $ 1,193 2,013 864 2,234 150 711 - 110 2,080 9,355 Allowance for loan losses December 31, 2021 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1 57 672 7 - - - - - 737 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,192 1,956 192 2,227 150 711 - 110 2,080 8,618 Ending balance $ 1,193 2,013 864 2,234 150 711 - 110 2,080 9,355 Loans at December 31, 2021 Ending balance $ 95,760 266,111 23,147 337,841 58,366 91,172 796 11,676 - 884,869 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 6 1,633 9,795 1,437 - 49 - - - 12,920 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 95,754 264,478 13,352 336,404 58,366 91,123 796 11,676 - 871,949 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were as follows: A-53 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Twelve months ended December 31, 2020 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 694 1,274 1,073 1,305 120 688 - 138 1,388 6,680 Charge-offs (5 ) (65 ) - (7 ) - (903 ) - (434 ) - (1,414 ) Recoveries 36 70 - 70 - 34 - 173 - 383 Provision 471 564 (21 ) 844 2 1,526 - 251 622 4,259 Ending balance $ 1,196 1,843 1,052 2,212 122 1,345 - 128 2,010 9,908 Allowance for loan losses December 31, 2020 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1 4 844 8 - - - - - 857 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,195 1,839 208 2,204 122 1,345 - 128 2,010 9,051 Ending balance $ 1,196 1,843 1,052 2,212 122 1,345 - 128 2,010 9,908 Loans at December 31, 2020 Ending balance $ 94,124 272,325 26,883 332,971 48,880 161,740 855 10,861 - 948,639 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 7 1,558 11,353 2,118 - 212 - - - 15,248 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 94,117 270,767 15,530 330,853 48,880 161,528 855 10,861 - 933,391 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2019 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Twelve months ended December 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 813 1,325 1,177 1,278 83 626 - 161 982 6,445 Charge-offs (21 ) (42 ) - (1 ) - (389 ) - (623 ) - (1,076 ) Recoveries 45 66 - 49 - 83 - 205 - 448 Provision (143 ) (75 ) (104 ) (21 ) 37 368 - 395 406 863 Ending balance $ 694 1,274 1,073 1,305 120 688 - 138 1,388 6,680 Allowance for loan losses December 31, 2019 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 6 925 4 - - - - - 937 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 692 1,268 148 1,301 120 688 - 138 1,388 5,743 Ending balance $ 694 1,274 1,073 1,305 120 688 - 138 1,388 6,680 Loans at December 31, 2019 Ending balance $ 92,596 269,475 30,793 291,255 48,090 100,263 1,033 16,369 - 849,874 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 10 1,697 12,899 1,365 - 92 - - - 16,063 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 92,586 267,778 17,894 289,890 48,090 100,171 1,033 16,369 - 833,811 Impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment totaled $5.3 million, $5.8 million and $5.3 million at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively and are included in the tables above. Allowance on impaired loans collectively evaluated for impairment totaled $52,000, $61,000 and $59,000 at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Bank utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: · Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. CD or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. A-54 · Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Bank’s range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. · Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Bank’s range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). · Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. · Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank’s position at some future date. · Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. · Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. · Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ - 5,923 - - - 371 - 581 - 6,875 2- High Quality 11,752 109,337 - 28,546 19 16,177 - 2,039 1,309 169,179 3- Good Quality 80,325 129,856 8,712 272,786 54,945 68,183 792 3,510 3,931 623,040 4- Management Attention 3,534 14,964 10,478 30,937 2,754 5,214 4 284 - 68,169 5- Watch 76 2,464 1,703 4,938 543 1,177 - 1 - 10,902 6- Substandard 73 3,567 2,254 634 105 50 - 21 - 6,704 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 95,760 266,111 23,147 337,841 58,366 91,172 796 6,436 5,240 884,869 A-55 December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 228 9,867 - - - 406 - 678 - 11,179 2- High Quality 9,092 121,331 - 40,569 22 19,187 - 2,237 1,563 194,001 3- Good Quality 76,897 115,109 10,170 241,273 44,890 128,727 832 3,826 1,477 623,201 4- Management Attention 4,917 20,012 12,312 39,370 3,274 11,571 23 336 708 92,523 5- Watch 2,906 2,947 1,901 10,871 694 1,583 - 6 - 20,908 6- Substandard 84 3,059 2,500 888 - 266 - 30 - 6,827 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 94,124 272,325 26,883 332,971 48,880 161,740 855 7,113 3,748 948,639 Past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $2.2 million and $3.8 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There were no performing loans classified as TDR loans at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. There were no new TDR modifications during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. There were no TDR loans with a payment default occurring within 12 months of the restructure date, and the payment default occurring during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. TDR loans are deemed to be in default if they become past due by 90 days or more. There were no loans at December 31, 2021 with modifications as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. By way of comparison, at December 31, 2020, the balance of loans with existing modifications as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was $18.3 million. The Bank continues to track all loans that were previously modified as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The loan balances associated with those loans that were previously modified as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic have been grouped into their own pool within the Bank’s ALLL model as management considers that they have a higher risk profile, and a higher reserve rate has been applied to this pool. Loans included in this pool totaled $88.7 million at December 31, 2021. The full effects of stimulus in the current environment are still unknown, and additional losses in this pool of loans may be present but not as yet identified. At December 31, 2020, the balance for all loans that were then currently modified or previously modified but returned to their original terms was $119.6 million. The $30.9 million decrease from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 in the balance of currently or previously modified loans that had returned to their original terms is primarily due to loans paid off during the year ended December 31, 2021. Loan payment modifications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are not classified as TDR due to Section 4013 of the CARES Act, which provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR pursuant to GAAP. |