Loans | (5) Loans Major classifications of loans at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 119,606 136,401 Single-family residential 376,657 372,825 Commercial 456,088 425,820 Multifamily and farmland 70,701 63,042 Total real estate loans 1,023,052 998,088 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial 64,464 70,544 Farm 523 550 Consumer 6,483 6,966 All other 16,150 16,918 Total loans 1,110,672 1,093,066 Less allowance for credit losses (10,016 ) (11,041 ) Total net loans $ 1,100,656 1,082,025 The Bank makes loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties and also in Mecklenburg, Wake, Rowan and Forsyth counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: · Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. · Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. · Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over the loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. · Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid, or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. · Multifamily and farmland loans – Decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received within 30 days of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Generally, a loan is placed on non-accrual status when it is over 90 days past due and there is reasonable doubt that all principal will be collected. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: June 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - 41 41 119,565 119,606 - Single-family residential 1,965 3,779 5,744 370,913 376,657 - Commercial 1,025 - 1,025 455,063 456,088 - Multifamily and farmland - 69 69 70,632 70,701 - Total real estate loans 2,990 3,889 6,879 1,016,173 1,023,052 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial 83 252 335 64,129 64,464 - Farm - - - 523 523 - Consumer 19 15 34 6,449 6,483 - All other - - - 16,150 16,150 - Total loans $ 3,092 4,156 7,248 1,103,424 1,110,672 - December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 5 45 50 136,351 136,401 - Single-family residential 3,761 3,302 7,063 365,762 372,825 - Commercial 13 - 13 425,807 425,820 - Multifamily and farmland - 76 76 62,966 63,042 - Total real estate loans 3,779 3,423 7,202 990,886 998,088 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial 125 463 588 69,956 70,544 - Farm - 1 1 549 550 - Consumer 63 - 63 6,903 6,966 - All other - - - 16,918 16,918 - Total loans $ 3,967 3,887 7,854 1,085,212 1,093,066 - The following table presents non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: June 30, 2024 Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans Total With No With Nonaccrual (Dollars in thousands) Allowance Allowance Loans Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 41 - 41 Single-family residential 3,779 - 3,779 Multifamily and farmland 69 - 69 Total real estate loans 3,889 - 3,889 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial 252 - 252 Consumer 15 - 15 Total $ 4,156 - 4,156 December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans Total With No With Nonaccrual (Dollars in thousands) Allowance Allowance Loans Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 45 - 45 Single-family residential 3,302 - 3,302 Multifamily and farmland 76 - 76 Total real estate loans 3,423 - 3,423 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial 31 432 463 Consumer 1 - 1 Total $ 3,455 432 3,887 No interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Bank modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on certain loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses. In some cases, the Bank may modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. The following tables show the amortized cost basis at June 30, 2024 and 2023 of the loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by loan class and type of concession granted. (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Basis at June 30, 2024 % of Loan Class Modification Type Financial Effect Loan class: Single-family residential 201 0.05 % Interest rate reduction Adjustable rate loan converted to fixed rate loan Commercial not secured by real estate 73 0.11 % Term extension Line of credit converted to amortizing term loan Total $ 274 (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Basis at June 30, 2023 % of Loan Class Modification Type Financial Effect Loan class: Single-family residential 157 0.05 % Term extension Forbearance agreement on matured home equity line of credit (HELOC) that was modified to 180 month term. Commercial real estate 680 0.16 % Term extension Extended existing amortization from 148 months to 173 months to keep existing payment the same with the current market rate. Total $ 837 No loans modified in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 that were made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty had been written off at June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Bank closely monitors the performance of those loans that are modified because borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty so as to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables show the performance of loans that have been modified in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. June 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) Current 30 - 89 Days Past Due 90 + Days Past Due Loan type: Single-family residential 201 Commercial not secured by real estate 73 - - Total $ 274 - - June 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) Current 30 - 89 Days Past Due 90 + Days Past Due Loan type: Single-family residential 157 - - Commercial real estate 680 - - Total $ 837 - - The following tables present changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Total Three months ended June 30, 2024 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,680 3,597 2,345 313 672 2 238 10,847 Charge-offs - (126 ) - - (301 ) - (145 ) (572 ) Recoveries - 15 1 - 34 - 26 76 Provision (recovery) for loan losses (1) (362 ) (2 ) 28 (42 ) (37 ) (1 ) 81 (335 ) Ending balance $ 3,318 3,484 2,374 271 368 1 200 10,016 Allowance for credit loss-loans $ 3,318 3,484 2,374 271 368 1 200 10,016 Allowance for credit losses loan commitments 1,541 1 1 - 19 - 3 1,565 Total allowance for credit losses $ 4,859 3,485 2,375 271 387 1 203 11,581 Six months ended June 30, 2024 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,913 3,484 2,317 268 812 2 245 11,041 Charge-offs - (126 ) - - (747 ) - (355 ) (1,228 ) Recoveries - 71 203 - 39 - 62 375 Provision (recovery) for loan losses (1) (595 ) 55 (146 ) 3 264 (1 ) 248 (172 ) Ending balance $ 3,318 3,484 2,374 271 368 1 200 10,016 Allowance for credit loss-loans $ 3,318 3,484 2,374 271 368 1 200 10,016 Allowance for credit losses loan commitments 1,541 1 1 - 19 - 3 1,565 Total allowance for credit losses $ 4,859 3,485 2,375 271 387 1 203 11,581 (1) Excludes provision for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. Note 8,"Commitments and Contingencies" in the condensed consolidated financial statements provides more detail concerning the provision for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 3,249 3,191 2,244 298 348 1 286 - 9,617 Charge-offs - - - - (35 ) - (142 ) - (177 ) Recoveries - 111 1 - 23 - 23 - 158 Provision (recovery) for loan losses (1) (22 ) - 120 (10 ) 31 1 71 - 191 Ending balance $ 3,227 3,302 2,365 288 367 2 238 - 9,789 Allowance for credit loss-loans $ 3,227 3,302 2,365 288 367 2 238 - 9,789 Allowance for credit losses loan commitments 2,166 88 - - - 1 4 - 2,259 Total allowance for credit losses $ 5,393 3,390 2,365 288 367 3 242 - 12,048 Six months ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 1,415 3,085 3,207 164 657 - 214 1,752 10,494 Adjustment for CECL implementation (1) 1,584 64 (986 ) 115 (295 ) 2 48 (1,752 ) (1,220 ) Charge-offs - - - - (35 ) - (308 ) - (343 ) Recoveries - 123 3 - 32 - 82 - 240 Provision (recovery) for loan losses (1) 228 30 141 9 8 - 202 - 618 Ending balance $ 3,227 3,302 2,365 288 367 2 238 - 9,789 Allowance for credit loss-loans $ 3,227 3,302 2,365 288 367 2 238 - 9,789 Allowance for credit losses loan commitments 2,166 88 - - - 1 4 - 2,259 Total allowance for credit losses $ 5,393 3,390 2,365 288 367 3 242 - 12,048 (1) Excludes adjustment for CECL implemenation and provision for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. Note 8,"Commitments and Contingencies" in the condensed consolidated financial statements provides more detail concerning the implementation adjustment and provision for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. The were no collateral dependent loans individually evaluated at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Bank utilizes several credit quality indicators to manage credit risk in an ongoing manner. The Bank uses an internal risk grade system that categorizes loans into pass, watch or substandard categories. The Bank uses the following credit quality indicators: · Pass – Includes loans ranging from excellent quality with a minimal amount of credit risk to loans with higher risk and servicing needs but still are considered to be acceptable. The higher risk loans in this category are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. · Watch – These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank’s position at some future date. · Substandard – A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. · Doubtful – Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. · Loss – Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The following table presents by credit quality indicator, loan class and year of origination, the amortized cost of the Bank’s loans as of June 30, 2024. Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in thousands) Revolving Converted to Total 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Loans Term Loans Loans June 30, 2024 Real Estate Loans Construction and land development Pass $ 16,265 37,245 46,498 7,690 6,388 4,727 268 - 119,081 Watch - - - 446 - - - - 446 Substandard - - - - - 79 - - 79 Total Construction and land development $ 16,265 37,245 46,498 8,136 6,388 4,806 268 - 119,606 Single family Pass $ 10,133 33,974 76,532 46,097 22,691 71,769 107,734 - 368,930 Watch - - - - - 1,536 993 - 2,529 Substandard - - 661 - - 4,315 222 - 5,198 Total single family $ 10,133 33,974 77,193 46,097 22,691 77,620 108,949 - 376,657 Commercial Pass $ 36,985 45,955 119,567 78,229 60,282 109,391 2,212 - 452,621 Watch - - - - - 3,062 - - 3,062 Substandard - - - - - 405 - - 405 Total commercial $ 36,985 45,955 119,567 78,229 60,282 112,858 2,212 - 456,088 Multifamily and farmland Pass $ 214 8,702 21,287 21,141 6,336 12,473 434 - 70,587 Watch - - - - - 45 - - 45 Substandard - - - - - 69 - - 69 Total multifamily and farmland $ 214 8,702 21,287 21,141 6,336 12,587 434 - 70,701 Total real estate loans $ 63,597 125,876 264,545 153,603 95,697 207,871 111,863 - 1,023,052 Loans not secured by real estate Commercial Pass $ 5,922 10,305 12,915 3,994 2,063 13,848 14,125 - 63,172 Watch - 558 - 73 276 127 6 - 1,040 Substandard - 29 223 - - - - - 252 Total Commercial $ 5,922 10,892 13,138 4,067 2,339 13,975 14,131 - 64,464 Farm Pass $ 59 163 23 61 - 12 205 - 523 Watch - - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - - Total farm $ 59 163 23 61 - 12 205 - 523 Consumer Pass $ 953 1,593 1,001 247 148 95 2,406 - 6,443 Watch - - 23 - - - - - 23 Substandard - - - - - 14 3 - 17 Total consumer $ 953 1,593 1,024 247 148 109 2,409 - 6,483 All other Pass $ 616 - 6,318 425 244 3,153 5,261 - 16,017 Watch - - - - - 133 - - 133 Substandard - - - - - - - - - Total all other $ 616 - 6,318 425 244 3,286 5,261 - 16,150 Total loans not secured by real estate $ 7,550 12,648 20,503 4,800 2,731 17,382 22,006 - 87,620 Total loans $ 71,147 138,524 285,048 158,403 98,428 225,253 133,869 - 1,110,672 The following table presents by credit quality indicator, loan class and year of origination, gross loan charge-offs as of June 30, 2024. Gross Loan Charge-offs by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in thousands) Revolving Converted to Total 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Loans Term Loans Loans Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - 126 - - - - - - 126 Single-family residential - - - - - - - - - Commercial - - - - - - - - - Multifamily and farmland - - - - - - - - - Total real estate loans - 126 - - - - - - 126 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial - 347 397 3 - - - - 747 Consumer - 10 4 - - 234 - - 248 All other - - - - - 107 - - 107 Total gross charge-offs $ - 483 401 3 - 341 - - 1,228 The following table presents by credit quality indicator, loan class and year of origination, the amortized cost of the Bank’s loans as of December 31, 2023. Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in thousands) Revolving Converted to Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans Term Loans Loans December 31, 2023 Real Estate Loans Construction and land development Pass $ 40,034 71,429 10,736 6,692 1,721 3,914 1,337 - 135,863 Watch - - 448 - - - - - 448 Substandard - - - - - 90 - - 90 Total Construction and land development $ 40,034 71,429 11,184 6,692 1,721 4,004 1,337 - 136,401 Single family Pass $ 32,333 76,326 47,490 24,813 12,984 64,847 106,962 - 365,755 Watch - - - - 89 1,389 860 - 2,338 Substandard - - - - 11 4,342 379 - 4,732 Total single family $ 32,333 76,326 47,490 24,813 13,084 70,578 108,201 - 372,825 Commercial Pass $ 45,755 109,255 78,645 61,973 29,579 92,753 2,158 - 420,118 Watch 232 - - 116 - 4,943 - - 5,291 Substandard - - - 411 - - - - 411 Total commercial $ 45,987 109,255 78,645 62,500 29,579 97,696 2,158 - 425,820 Multifamily and farmland Pass $ 7,987 13,286 21,512 6,624 3,158 9,851 501 - 62,919 Watch - - - - - 47 - - 47 Substandard - - - - - 76 - - 76 Total multifamily and farmland $ 7,987 13,286 21,512 6,624 3,158 9,974 501 - 63,042 Total real estate loans $ 126,341 270,296 158,831 100,629 47,542 182,252 112,197 - 998,088 Loans not secured by real estate Commercial Pass $ 9,561 14,122 4,841 2,942 2,232 12,030 23,411 - 69,139 Watch - - - - 57 102 783 - 942 Substandard 31 - - - - - - - 31 Loss - 82 - - - - 350 432 Total Commercial $ 9,592 14,204 4,841 2,942 2,289 12,132 24,544 - 70,544 Farm Pass $ 198 42 83 - 1 27 199 - 550 Watch - - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - - Total farm $ 198 42 83 - 1 27 199 - 550 Consumer Pass $ 2,262 1,352 404 222 72 58 2,591 - 6,961 Watch - - - - - - - - - Substandard - - 2 - - - 3 - 5 Total consumer $ 2,262 1,352 406 222 72 58 2,594 - 6,966 All other Pass $ 79 6,401 474 274 599 3,698 5,256 - 16,781 Watch - - - - - 74 63 - 137 Substandard - - - - - - - - - Total all other $ 79 6,401 474 274 599 3,772 5,319 - 16,918 Total loans not secured by real estate $ 12,131 21,999 5,804 3,438 2,961 15,989 32,656 - 94,978 Total loans $ 138,472 292,295 164,635 104,067 50,503 198,241 144,853 - 1,093,066 The following table presents by credit quality indicator, loan class and year of origination, gross loan charge-offs as of December 31, 2023. Gross Loan Charge-offs by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in thousands) Revolving Converted to Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans Term Loans Loans Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ - - - - - - - - - Single-family residential - - - - - - - - - Commercial - - - - - - - - - Multifamily and farmland - - - - - - - - - Total real estate loans - - - - - - - - - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial - 49 51 16 - 13 - - 129 Farm - - - - - - - - - Consumer - 41 53 6 1 468 - - 569 All other - - - - - - - - - Total gross charge-offs $ - 90 104 22 1 481 - - 698 |