Investments | 3. INVESTMENTS The amortized cost, market value and gross unrealized appreciation and depreciation of available for sale, fixed maturity, equity security investments, carried at market value and other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI") in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") are as follows for the periods indicated: At September 30, 2018 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market OTTI in AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Cost Appreciation Depreciation Value (a) Fixed maturity securities U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 1,247,162 $ 10,305 $ (29,341 ) $ 1,228,126 $ - Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 506,023 11,064 (3,060 ) 514,027 471 Corporate securities 5,991,450 51,824 (116,696 ) 5,926,578 2,941 Asset-backed securities 565,918 154 (5,910 ) 560,162 - Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 230,632 - (6,830 ) 223,802 - Agency residential 2,050,071 6,465 (78,945 ) 1,977,591 - Non-agency residential 8,017 49 (2 ) 8,064 - Foreign government securities 1,304,936 31,422 (55,311 ) 1,281,047 156 Foreign corporate securities 2,966,171 59,923 (90,007 ) 2,936,087 387 Total fixed maturity securities $ 14,870,380 $ 171,206 $ (386,102 ) $ 14,655,484 $ 3,955 Equity securities $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - At December 31, 2017 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market OTTI in AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Cost Appreciation Depreciation Value (a) Fixed maturity securities U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 1,540,952 $ 9,816 $ (14,076 ) $ 1,536,692 $ - Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 563,790 22,123 (444 ) 585,469 - Corporate securities 5,658,456 81,724 (41,175 ) 5,699,005 2,488 Asset-backed securities 532,473 869 (1,982 ) 531,360 - Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 235,794 616 (2,369 ) 234,041 - Agency residential 2,236,361 10,379 (35,838 ) 2,210,902 - Non-agency residential 497 41 (44 ) 494 - Foreign government securities 1,305,070 43,804 (34,847 ) 1,314,027 178 Foreign corporate securities 2,616,205 77,045 (48,406 ) 2,644,844 950 Total fixed maturity securities $ 14,689,598 $ 246,417 $ (179,181 ) $ 14,756,834 $ 3,616 Equity securities $ 130,287 $ 2,615 $ (3,372 ) $ 129,530 $ - (a) Represents the amount of OTTI recognized in AOCI. Amount includes unrealized gains and losses on impaired securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires equity investments in unconsolidated entities to be measured at fair value, with any change in value being recorded within net realized capital gains/(losses) as part of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Previously, changes in the market value had been recorded within AOCI as part of the consolidated balance sheets. Therefore, effective January 1, 2018, equity security investments no longer have an impact upon the AOCI balance. The amortized cost and market value of fixed maturity securities are shown in the following table by contractual maturity. Mortgage-backed securities are generally more likely to be prepaid than other fixed maturity securities. As the stated maturity of such securities may not be indicative of actual maturities, the totals for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately. At September 30, 2018 At December 31, 2017 Amortized Market Amortized Market (Dollars in thousands) Cost Value Cost Value Fixed maturity securities – available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 1,385,803 $ 1,387,726 $ 1,041,885 $ 1,050,094 Due after one year through five years 7,365,268 7,246,784 7,545,731 7,554,248 Due after five years through ten years 2,437,394 2,404,213 2,214,473 2,231,456 Due after ten years 827,277 847,142 882,384 944,239 Asset-backed securities 565,918 560,162 532,473 531,360 Mortgage-backed securities: Commercial 230,632 223,802 235,794 234,041 Agency residential 2,050,071 1,977,591 2,236,361 2,210,902 Non-agency residential 8,017 8,064 497 494 Total fixed maturity securities $ 14,870,380 $ 14,655,484 $ 14,689,598 $ 14,756,834 The changes in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) for the Company's investments are derived from the following sources for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Increase (decrease) during the period between the market value and cost of investments carried at market value, and deferred taxes thereon: Fixed maturity securities $ (22,073 ) $ (13,993 ) $ (282,479 ) $ (18,184 ) Fixed maturity securities, other-than-temporary impairment 72 306 339 (5,189 ) Equity securities - 2,603 - 9,795 Other invested assets - 1,595 - 2,860 Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation), pre-tax (22,001 ) (9,489 ) (282,140 ) (10,718 ) Deferred tax benefit (expense) 1,205 (1,774 ) 20,497 11,343 Deferred tax benefit (expense), other-than-temporary impairment (69 ) 55 (145 ) 1,391 Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net of deferred taxes, included in shareholders' equity $ (20,865 ) $ (11,208 ) $ (261,788 ) $ 2,016 The Company frequently reviews all of its fixed maturity, available for sale securities for declines in market value and focuses its attention on securities whose fair value has fallen below 80 The Company's assessments are based on the issuers' current and expected future financial position, timeliness with respect to interest and/or principal payments, speed of repayments and any applicable credit enhancements or breakeven constant default rates on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, as well as relevant information provided by rating agencies, investment advisors and analysts. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, all equity investments in unconsolidated entities are recorded at fair value. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company presented certain equity securities at market value. The majority of the Company's equity securities presented at market value prior to January 1, 2018 were primarily comprised of mutual fund investments whose underlying securities consisted of fixed maturity securities. When a fund's value reflected an unrealized loss, the Company assessed whether the decline in value was temporary or other-than-temporary. In making its assessment, the Company considered the composition of its portfolios and their related markets, reports received from the portfolio managers and discussions with portfolio managers. If the Company determined that the declines were temporary and it had the ability and intent to continue to hold the investments, then the declines were recorded as unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If declines were deemed to be other-than-temporary, then the carrying value of the investment was written down to fair value and recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Retrospective adjustments are employed to recalculate the values of asset-backed securities. All of the Company's asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities have a pass-through structure. Each acquisition lot is reviewed to recalculate the effective yield. The recalculated effective yield is used to derive a book value as if the new yield were applied at the time of acquisition. Outstanding principal factors from the time of acquisition to the adjustment date are used to calculate the prepayment history for all applicable securities. Conditional prepayment rates, computed with life to date factor histories and weighted average maturities, are used in the calculation of projected prepayments for pass-through security types. The tables below display the aggregate market value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity and equity securities, by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated: Duration of Unrealized Loss at September 30, 2018 By Security Type Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities - available for sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 793,964 $ (16,012 ) $ 305,095 $ (13,329 ) $ 1,099,059 $ (29,341 ) Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 105,936 (1,377 ) 36,436 (1,683 ) 142,372 (3,060 ) Corporate securities 3,273,494 (62,924 ) 1,017,492 (53,772 ) 4,290,986 (116,696 ) Asset-backed securities 312,406 (4,071 ) 137,587 (1,839 ) 449,993 (5,910 ) Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 138,410 (3,197 ) 85,392 (3,633 ) 223,802 (6,830 ) Agency residential 565,775 (13,519 ) 1,292,740 (65,426 ) 1,858,515 (78,945 ) Non-agency residential 3,530 (2 ) - - 3,530 (2 ) Foreign government securities 374,198 (8,246 ) 453,248 (47,065 ) 827,446 (55,311 ) Foreign corporate securities 1,267,182 (32,641 ) 741,243 (57,366 ) 2,008,425 (90,007 ) Total fixed maturity securities $ 6,834,895 $ (141,989 ) $ 4,069,233 $ (244,113 ) $ 10,904,128 $ (386,102 ) Equity securities - - - - - - Total $ 6,834,895 $ (141,989 ) $ 4,069,233 $ (244,113 ) $ 10,904,128 $ (386,102 ) Duration of Unrealized Loss at September 30, 2018 By Maturity Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities Due in one year or less $ 814,411 $ (3,036 ) $ 166,045 $ (16,128 ) $ 980,456 $ (19,164 ) Due in one year through five years 3,637,269 (72,182 ) 1,926,551 (122,322 ) 5,563,820 (194,504 ) Due in five years through ten years 1,088,091 (34,923 ) 416,396 (32,056 ) 1,504,487 (66,979 ) Due after ten years 275,003 (11,059 ) 44,522 (2,709 ) 319,525 (13,768 ) Asset-backed securities 312,406 (4,071 ) 137,587 (1,839 ) 449,993 (5,910 ) Mortgage-backed securities 707,715 (16,718 ) 1,378,132 (69,059 ) 2,085,847 (85,777 ) Total fixed maturity securities $ 6,834,895 $ (141,989 ) $ 4,069,233 $ (244,113 ) $ 10,904,128 $ (386,102 ) The aggregate market value and gross unrealized losses related to investments in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 were $ 10,904,128 386,102 7.5 1.5 141,989 125,423 244,113 239,158 The Company, given the size of its investment portfolio and capital position, does not have the intent to sell these securities; and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. In addition, all securities currently in an unrealized loss position are current with respect to principal and interest payments. The tables below display the aggregate market value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity and equity securities, by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated: Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2017 By Security Type Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities - available for sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 1,077,051 $ (8,380 ) $ 224,189 $ (5,696 ) $ 1,301,240 $ (14,076 ) Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 4,400 (27 ) 37,886 (417 ) 42,286 (444 ) Corporate securities 1,779,292 (24,942 ) 700,098 (16,233 ) 2,479,390 (41,175 ) Asset-backed securities 301,316 (1,467 ) 72,780 (515 ) 374,096 (1,982 ) Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 101,821 (572 ) 64,272 (1,797 ) 166,093 (2,369 ) Agency residential 610,941 (4,836 ) 1,343,547 (31,002 ) 1,954,488 (35,838 ) Non-agency residential - - 69 (44 ) 69 (44 ) Foreign government securities 327,790 (12,811 ) 331,432 (22,036 ) 659,222 (34,847 ) Foreign corporate securities 691,865 (19,381 ) 450,860 (29,025 ) 1,142,725 (48,406 ) Total fixed maturity securities $ 4,894,476 $ (72,416 ) $ 3,225,133 $ (106,765 ) $ 8,119,609 $ (179,181 ) Equity securities - - 113,506 (3,372 ) 113,506 (3,372 ) Total $ 4,894,476 $ (72,416 ) $ 3,338,639 $ (110,137 ) $ 8,233,115 $ (182,553 ) Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2017 By Maturity Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities Due in one year or less $ 247,927 $ (962 ) $ 206,113 $ (7,643 ) $ 454,040 $ (8,605 ) Due in one year through five years 2,930,977 (42,480 ) 1,200,414 (52,143 ) 4,131,391 (94,623 ) Due in five years through ten years 612,702 (20,154 ) 292,245 (12,680 ) 904,947 (32,834 ) Due after ten years 88,792 (1,945 ) 45,693 (941 ) 134,485 (2,886 ) Asset-backed securities 301,316 (1,467 ) 72,780 (515 ) 374,096 (1,982 ) Mortgage-backed securities 712,762 (5,408 ) 1,407,888 (32,843 ) 2,120,650 (38,251 ) Total fixed maturity securities $ 4,894,476 $ (72,416 ) $ 3,225,133 $ (106,765 ) $ 8,119,609 $ (179,181 ) The aggregate market value and gross unrealized losses related to investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2017 were $ 8,233,115 182,553 8.9 1.1 72,416 68,107 106,765 103,739 no interest obligations. The mortgage-backed securities still have excess credit coverage and are current on interest and principal payments. The components of net investment income are presented in the table below for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Fixed maturities $ 119,513 $ 107,969 $ 343,019 $ 319,336 Equity securities 5,380 8,590 18,879 25,701 Short-term investments and cash 5,005 974 8,829 2,439 Other invested assets Limited partnerships 38,342 23,315 83,719 54,373 Other 2,980 2,095 9,964 6,652 Gross investment income before adjustments 171,220 142,943 464,410 408,501 Funds held interest income (expense) 1,003 2,284 6,572 7,156 Future policy benefit reserve income (expense) (431 ) (280 ) (999 ) (1,015 ) Gross investment income 171,792 144,947 469,983 414,642 Investment expenses (10,429 ) (7,974 ) (29,004 ) (20,872 ) Net investment income $ 161,363 $ 136,973 $ 440,979 $ 393,770 The Company records results from limited partnership investments on the equity method of accounting with changes in value reported through net investment income. Due to the timing of receiving financial information from these partnerships, the results are generally reported on a one month or quarter lag. If the Company determines there has been a significant decline in value of a limited partnership during this lag period, a loss will be recorded in the period in which the Company identifies the decline. The Company had contractual commitments to invest up to an additional $ 616,591 2023 Beginning in the first quarter of 2016, the Company participated in a private placement liquidity sweep facility ("the facility"). The primary purpose of the facility is to enhance the Company's return on its short-term investments and cash positions. The facility invests in high quality, short-duration securities and permits daily liquidity. Through the second quarter of 2018, the Company's participation in the facility was classified within other invested assets on the Company's Balance Sheets. Starting in the third quarter of 2018, the Company has consolidated its participation in the facility. As a result of the consolidation of the underlying investments of the facility, effective July 1, 2018, the Company has reclassified $ 143,656 243,864 663,753 The components of net realized capital gains (losses) are presented in the table below for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Fixed maturity securities, market value: Other-than-temporary impairments $ (3,825 ) $ (1,485 ) $ (4,783 ) $ (5,188 ) Gains (losses) from sales 738 7,998 11,087 32,913 Fixed maturity securities, fair value: Gains (losses) from sales (717 ) - (1,799 ) - Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments 584 - 1,542 - Equity securities, market value: Gains (losses) from sales - - - (3,436 ) Equity securities, fair value: Gains (losses) from sales 9,507 (1,525 ) 7,984 3,796 Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments 47,653 36,463 30,200 91,367 Other invested assets 913 85 1,497 84 Short-term investments gain (loss) (49 ) (1 ) (49 ) (5 ) Total net realized capital gains (losses) $ 54,804 $ 41,535 $ 45,679 $ 119,531 The Company recorded as net realized capital gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) both fair value re-measurements and write-downs in the value of securities deemed to be impaired on an other-than-temporary basis as displayed in the table above. The Company had no other-than-temporary impaired securities where the impairment had both a credit and non-credit component. The proceeds and split between gross gains and losses, from sales of fixed maturity and equity securities, are presented in the table below for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity securities $ 531,452 $ 700,728 $ 1,757,890 $ 1,691,937 Gross gains from sales 5,653 13,743 25,479 46,321 Gross losses from sales (5,632 ) (5,745 ) (16,191 ) (13,408 ) Proceeds from sales of equity securities $ 209,437 $ 57,861 $ 785,819 $ 334,889 Gross gains from sales 14,182 2,258 28,228 14,351 Gross losses from sales (4,675 ) (3,783 ) (20,244 ) (13,991 ) |