Investments | 4. INVESTMENTS Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 which provides guidance on the accounting for fixed maturity securities. The guidance requires the Company to record allowances for credit losses for securities that are deemed to have valuation deterioration due to credit risk issues. The initial table below presents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) and market value of fixed maturity securities as of March 31, 2020 in accordance with ASU 2016-13 guidance. The second table presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized appreciation/(depreciation), market value and other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) in AOCI as of December 31, 2019, in accordance with previously applicable guidance. At March 31, 2020 Amortized Allowance for Unrealized Unrealized Market (Dollars in thousands) Cost Credit Losses Appreciation Depreciation Value Fixed maturity securities U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 1,346,812 $ - $ 86,893 $ ( 894) $ 1,432,811 Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 508,158 - 21,737 ( 4,993) 524,902 Corporate securities 6,422,137 ( 17,305) 145,334 ( 202,844) 6,347,322 Asset-backed securities 981,323 - 1,987 ( 79,157) 904,153 Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 816,098 - 29,302 ( 5,301) 840,099 Agency residential 2,156,914 - 67,111 ( 2,854) 2,221,171 Non-agency residential 4,153 - - ( 156) 3,997 Foreign government securities 1,471,398 ( 519) 57,335 ( 50,496) 1,477,718 Foreign corporate securities 2,786,194 ( 3,950) 105,630 ( 94,152) 2,793,722 Total fixed maturity securities $ 16,493,187 ( 21,774) $ 515,329 $ ( 440,847) $ 16,545,895 At December 31, 2019 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market OTTI in AOCI (Dollars in thousands) Cost Appreciation Depreciation Value (a) Fixed maturity securities U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 1,489,660 $ 28,357 $ ( 2,214) $ 1,515,803 $ - Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 507,353 29,651 ( 89) 536,915 - Corporate securities 6,227,661 185,052 ( 37,767) 6,374,946 469 Asset-backed securities 892,373 6,818 ( 1,858) 897,333 - Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 814,570 31,236 ( 1,249) 844,557 - Agency residential 2,173,099 36,361 ( 10,879) 2,198,581 - Non-agency residential 5,723 - ( 20) 5,703 - Foreign government securities 1,492,315 47,148 ( 33,513) 1,505,950 71 Foreign corporate securities 2,870,737 107,999 ( 33,580) 2,945,156 447 Total fixed maturity securities $ 16,473,491 $ 472,622 $ ( 121,169) $ 16,824,944 $ 987 (a) Represents the amount of OTTI recognized in AOCI. Amount includes unrealized gains and losses on impaired securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. The amortized cost and market value of fixed maturity securities are shown in the following table by contractual maturity. Mortgage-backed securities are generally more likely to be prepaid than other fixed maturity securities. As the stated maturity of such securities may not be indicative of actual maturities, the totals for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately. At March 31, 2020 At December 31, 2019 Amortized Market Amortized Market (Dollars in thousands) Cost Value Cost Value Fixed maturity securities – available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 1,344,371 $ 1,344,301 $ 1,456,960 $ 1,457,919 Due after one year through five years 6,615,039 6,631,502 6,757,107 6,869,359 Due after five years through ten years 3,689,664 3,742,527 3,471,370 3,609,816 Due after ten years 885,625 858,145 902,289 941,676 Asset-backed securities 981,323 904,153 892,373 897,333 Mortgage-backed securities: Commercial 816,098 840,099 814,570 844,557 Agency residential 2,156,914 2,221,171 2,173,099 2,198,581 Non-agency residential 4,153 3,997 5,723 5,703 Total fixed maturity securities $ 16,493,187 $ 16,545,895 $ 16,473,491 $ 16,824,944 The changes in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) for the Company’s investments are derived from the following sources for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Increase (decrease) during the period between the market value and cost of investments carried at market value, and deferred taxes thereon: Fixed maturity securities $ ( 277,023) $ 253,894 Fixed maturity securities, other-than-temporary impairment - ( 244) Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation), pre-tax ( 277,023) 253,650 Deferred tax benefit (expense) 29,024 ( 22,477) Deferred tax benefit (expense), other-than-temporary impairment - 70 Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net of deferred taxes, included in shareholders’ equity $ ( 247,999) $ 231,243 The Company reviews all of its fixed maturity, available for sale securities whose fair value has fallen below their amortized cost at the time of review. The Company then assesses whether the decline in value is temporary or credit related. In making its assessment, the Company evaluates the current market and interest rate environment as well as specific issuer information. Generally, a change in a security’s value caused by a change in the market, interest rate or foreign exchange environment does not constitute a credit impairment, but rather a temporary decline in market value. Temporary declines in market value are recorded as unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If the Company intends to sell the security or is more likely than not to sell the security, the Company records the entire fair value adjustment in net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company determines that the decline is credit related and the Company does not have the intent to sell the security; and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, the Company establishes a credit allowance equal to the estimated credit loss and is recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The amount of the allowance for a given security will generally be the difference between a discounted cash flow model and the Company’s carrying value. The fair value adjustment that is non-credit related is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, and is included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. We will adjust the credit allowance account for future changes in credit loss estimates for a security and record this adjustment through net realized capital gains (losses) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company does not create an allowance for uncollectible interest. If interest is not received when due, the interest receivable is immediately reversed and no additional interest is accrued. If future interest is received that has not been accrued, it is recorded as income at that time. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, estimated credit losses were recorded as adjustments to the carrying value of the security and any subsequent improvement in market value were recorded through other comprehensive income. The Company’s assessments are based on the issuers’ current and expected future financial position, timeliness with respect to interest and/or principal payments, speed of repayments and any applicable credit enhancements or breakeven constant default rates on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, as well as relevant information provided by rating agencies, investment advisors and analysts. Retrospective adjustments are employed to recalculate the values of asset-backed securities. All of the Company’s asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities have a pass-through structure. Each acquisition lot is reviewed to recalculate the effective yield. The recalculated effective yield is used to derive a book value as if the new yield were applied at the time of acquisition. Outstanding principal factors from the time of acquisition to the adjustment date are used to calculate the prepayment history for all applicable securities. Conditional prepayment rates, computed with life to date factor histories and weighted average maturities, are used in the calculation of projected prepayments for pass-through security types. The tables below display the aggregate market value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity and equity securities, by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated: Duration of Unrealized Loss at March 31, 2020 By Security Type Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities - available for sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 12,543 $ ( 59) $ 9,003 $ ( 835) $ 21,546 $ ( 894) Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 78,392 ( 4,745) 3,309 ( 248) 81,701 ( 4,993) Corporate securities 2,298,849 ( 135,869) 196,450 ( 66,975) 2,495,299 ( 202,844) Asset-backed securities 661,772 ( 70,133) 121,979 ( 9,024) 783,751 ( 79,157) Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 89,848 ( 4,325) 17,004 ( 976) 106,852 ( 5,301) Agency residential 54,106 ( 1,263) 132,631 ( 1,591) 186,737 ( 2,854) Non-agency residential 652 ( 15) 3,314 ( 141) 3,966 ( 156) Foreign government securities 331,099 ( 11,540) 198,695 ( 38,956) 529,794 ( 50,496) Foreign corporate securities 984,854 ( 56,831) 253,965 ( 37,321) 1,238,819 ( 94,152) Total fixed maturity securities $ 4,512,115 $ ( 284,780) $ 936,350 $ ( 156,067) $ 5,448,465 $ ( 440,847) Duration of Unrealized Loss at March 31, 2020 By Maturity Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities Due in one year or less $ 289,680 $ ( 5,701) $ 167,508 $ ( 26,447) $ 457,188 $ ( 32,148) Due in one year through five years 1,856,090 ( 88,884) 392,979 ( 57,252) 2,249,069 ( 146,136) Due in five years through ten years 1,337,038 ( 95,295) 59,440 ( 9,244) 1,396,478 ( 104,539) Due after ten years 222,929 ( 19,164) 41,495 ( 51,392) 264,424 ( 70,556) Asset-backed securities 661,772 ( 70,133) 121,979 ( 9,024) 783,751 ( 79,157) Mortgage-backed securities 144,606 ( 5,603) 152,949 ( 2,708) 297,555 ( 8,311) Total fixed maturity securities $ 4,512,115 $ ( 284,780) $ 936,350 $ ( 156,067) $ 5,448,465 $ ( 440,847) The aggregate market value and gross unrealized losses related to investments in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020 were $ 5,448,465 thousand and $ 440,847 thousand, respectively. The market value of securities for the single issuer whose securities comprised the largest unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020, did not exceed 0.03% of the overall market value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities. In addition, as indicated on the above table, there was no significant concentration of unrealized losses in any one market sector. The $ 284,780 thousand of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year were generally comprised of domestic and foreign corporate securities, asset-backed securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses, $ 220,751 thousand were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating agency. The $ 156,067 thousand of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position for more than one year related primarily to domestic and foreign corporate securities, foreign government securities and asset-backed securities. Of these unrealized losses, $ 96,914 thousand were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating agency. There was no The Company, given the size of its investment portfolio and capital position, does not have the intent to sell these securities; and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. In addition, all securities currently in an unrealized loss position are current with respect to principal and interest payments. The tables below display the aggregate market value and gross unrealized depreciation of fixed maturity and equity securities, by security type and contractual maturity, in each case subdivided according to length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated: Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2019 By Security Type Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities - available for sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations $ 85,527 $ ( 1,005) $ 249,371 $ ( 1,209) $ 334,898 $ ( 2,214) Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions 4,600 ( 38) 5,522 ( 51) 10,122 ( 89) Corporate securities 547,120 ( 9,877) 395,369 ( 27,890) 942,489 ( 37,767) Asset-backed securities 176,222 ( 1,027) 94,190 ( 831) 270,412 ( 1,858) Mortgage-backed securities Commercial 83,127 ( 689) 23,063 ( 560) 106,190 ( 1,249) Agency residential 344,267 ( 1,834) 488,680 ( 9,045) 832,947 ( 10,879) Non-agency residential 332 - 3,976 ( 20) 4,308 ( 20) Foreign government securities 210,766 ( 4,770) 283,648 ( 28,743) 494,414 ( 33,513) Foreign corporate securities 278,403 ( 7,553) 365,808 ( 26,027) 644,211 ( 33,580) Total fixed maturity securities $ 1,730,364 $ ( 26,793) $ 1,909,627 $ ( 94,376) $ 3,639,991 $ ( 121,169) Duration of Unrealized Loss at December 31, 2019 By Maturity Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Gross Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized (Dollars in thousands) Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Market Value Depreciation Fixed maturity securities Due in one year or less $ 67,879 $ ( 1,237) $ 416,583 $ ( 23,004) $ 484,462 $ ( 24,241) Due in one year through five years 464,753 ( 7,960) 689,195 ( 38,138) 1,153,948 ( 46,098) Due in five years through ten years 495,741 ( 12,388) 103,612 ( 11,100) 599,353 ( 23,488) Due after ten years 98,043 ( 1,658) 90,328 ( 11,678) 188,371 ( 13,336) Asset-backed securities 176,222 ( 1,027) 94,190 ( 831) 270,412 ( 1,858) Mortgage-backed securities 427,726 ( 2,523) 515,719 ( 9,625) 943,445 ( 12,148) Total fixed maturity securities $ 1,730,364 $ ( 26,793) $ 1,909,627 $ ( 94,376) $ 3,639,991 $ ( 121,169) The aggregate market value and gross unrealized losses related to investments in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019 were $ 3,639,991 thousand and $ 121,169 thousand, respectively. The market value of securities for the single issuer whose securities comprised the largest unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019, did not exceed 0.8% of the overall market value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities. In addition, as indicated on the above table, there was no significant concentration of unrealized losses in any one market sector. The $ 26,793 thousand of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year were generally comprised of domestic and foreign corporate securities and foreign government securities. Of these unrealized losses, $ 23,104 thousand were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating agency. The $ 94,376 thousand of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position for more than one year related primarily to domestic and foreign corporate securities, foreign government securities and agency residential mortgage-backed securities. Of these unrealized losses, $ 73,144 thousand were related to securities that were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating agency. There was no The components of net investment income are presented in the table below for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Fixed maturities $ 137,924 $ 126,708 Equity securities 3,521 3,507 Short-term investments and cash 2,175 4,205 Other invested assets Limited partnerships 21,568 8,297 Other ( 13,071) 2,980 Gross investment income before adjustments 152,117 145,697 Funds held interest income (expense) 8,216 5,968 Future policy benefit reserve income (expense) ( 211) ( 234) Gross investment income 160,122 151,431 Investment expenses ( 12,322) ( 10,455) Net investment income $ 147,800 $ 140,976 The Company records results from limited partnership investments on the equity method of accounting with changes in value reported through net investment income. Due to the timing of receiving financial information from these partnerships, the results are generally reported on a one month or quarter lag. If the Company determines there has been a significant decline in value of a limited partnership during this lag period, a loss will be recorded in the period in which the Company identifies the decline. The Company had contractual commitments to invest up to an additional $ 1,365,631 thousand in limited partnerships and private placement loans at March 31, 2020. These commitments will be funded when called in accordance with the partnership and loan agreements, which have investment periods that expire, unless extended, through 2026 The Company participates in a private placement liquidity sweep facility (“the facility”). The primary purpose of the facility is to enhance the Company’s return on its short-term investments and cash positions. The facility invests in high quality, short-duration securities and permits daily liquidity. The Company consolidates its participation in the facility. As of March 31, 2020, the market value of investments in the facility consolidated within the Company’s balance sheets was $ 339,983 thousand. The components of net realized capital gains (losses) are presented in the tables below for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Fixed maturity securities, market value: Allowance for credit losses $ ( 21,774) $ - Other-than-temporary impairments - ( 2,933) Gains (losses) from sales ( 14,076) 5,273 Fixed maturity securities, fair value: Gains (losses) from sales - - Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments ( 1,123) 13 Equity securities, fair value: Gains (losses) from sales ( 27,599) 5,048 Gains (losses) from fair value adjustments ( 144,003) 84,441 Other invested assets ( 2,327) 396 Short-term investments gain (loss) 314 ( 6) Total net realized capital gains (losses) $ ( 210,588) $ 92,232 Foreign Foreign Corporate Government Corporate Securities Securities Securities Total Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ - $ - $ - $ - Provision for credit losses ( 17,305) ( 519) ( 3,950) ( 21,774) Balance as of March 31, 2020 $ ( 17,305) $ ( 519) $ ( 3,950) $ ( 21,774) The Company recorded as net realized capital gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) fair value re-measurements, allowances for credit losses per ASU 2016-13 and write-downs in the value of securities deemed to be impaired on an other-than-temporary basis in prior years as displayed in the table above. The Company had no other-than-temporary impaired securities where the impairment had both a credit and non-credit component. The proceeds and split between gross gains and losses, from sales of fixed maturity and equity securities, are presented in the table below for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity securities $ 501,953 $ 1,798,226 Gross gains from sales 14,001 16,138 Gross losses from sales ( 28,077) ( 10,865) Proceeds from sales of equity securities $ 112,841 $ 69,500 Gross gains from sales 2,584 5,675 Gross losses from sales ( 30,183) ( 627) |