UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Form 10-K
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| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
or
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 000-28275
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PFSweb, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| Delaware | 75-2837058 | |||||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |||||||||||||
| 9250 N. Royal Lane, Suite 100, | Irving, | Texas | 75063 | |||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
972-881-2900
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | |||||||||
| Common Stock, $0.001 par value | PFSW | Nasdaq | Global Market | ||||||||
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ | ||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ | ||||||||
| Emerging Growth | ☐ | ||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of
the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to Section 240.10D-1(b). o
Indicated by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022 (based on the closing price as reported by Nasdaq) was $208,074,243.
There were 22,892,012 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 6, 2023.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including without limitation, the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” section, and include statements that involve expectations, plans or intentions (such as those relating to future business, future results of operations or financial condition, new or planned features or services, or management strategies). You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “seek,” “strive,” “predict,” “continue,” “target,” and “estimate” and other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and may include assumptions as to how we may perform in the future. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee these expectations will actually be achieved. In addition, some forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions about future events that may not prove to be accurate. Therefore, our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements.
You should understand that the following important factors, in addition to the Risk Factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:
•our ability to retain and expand relationships with existing clients and attract and implement new clients;
•our dependency on fees generated by transaction volume and projects and our ability to manage related costs;
•economic, political and market conditions, including inflation and increased labor costs and interest rates;
•our ability to remain competitive;
•our client concentration of our business and existing client mix, their business volumes and the seasonality of their businesses;
•our ability to finalize pending client contracts and adhere to existing and new contract terms;
•our dependency upon key managers and personnel, retaining highly-skilled personnel and resources and our reliance on subcontracted services and third-party providers;
•foreign currency risks and other risks of operating in foreign countries including changes in foreign laws, regulations and trade policies;
•our ability to maintain effective controls over financial reporting in the future;
•our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of future acquisitions, dispositions or other strategic alternatives and manage the related potential business disruption and diversion of management attention;
•our ability to secure future financing on favorable terms to meet capital needs and growth of our business;
•our ability to maintain the security and privacy of our clients' and our own confidential data against the rise in cyber warfare, ransomware attacks and the like;
•our ability to comply with data privacy regulations;
•climate change and increased focus by governments, organizations, customers, and investors on sustainability issues, including those related to climate change and socially responsible activities;
•exposure to credit risk of our clients;
•general global economic conditions and economic conditions in the countries in which we operate;
•taxation on the sale of our products and provision of our services; and
•the impact on our operations as a result of acts of God, natural disasters, pandemics and/or endemics, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, political, social and economic instability, terrorist attacks, political or military conflict and other catastrophic events beyond our control.
We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. There may be additional risks we do not currently view as material or that are not presently known or that are beyond our ability to control or predict. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
PART I
Item 1. Business
General
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “PFSweb,” "PFS," “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to PFSweb, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries.
PFSweb, Inc., was incorporated in 1999 in the state of Delaware and maintains its corporate headquarters in Irving, Texas. All of our services are provided through our direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries as noted above. In December 1999, PFSweb, Inc. consummated an initial public offering of its common stock and is listed for trading on Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “PFSW.”
PFS is a premier eCommerce order fulfillment provider for consumer branded manufacturers, internet retailers, and distributors, bringing together technologies, systems and people to create exceptional post-click customer experiences that drive revenue and maximize the impact of its clients’ brands. PFS provides services to support or improve the physical, post-click experience, such as logistics and fulfillment, transportation management, customer care, and order-to-cash services including distributed order orchestration and payment services. We offer our services on an à la carte basis or as a bundled solution. In addition to services provided from our own operating facilities, PFS provides proprietary technology enablement products through RetailConnect from client owned/operated locations to facilitate multi-node, omni-channel and in-store retail commerce. Our clients turn to us to optimize their customer experiences and enhance their traditional and online business channels.
The services we offer are primarily organized into the following categories:
•Order Fulfillment
•Fulfillment-as-a-Service
•Order to Cash (Order Management as a Service)
•Customer Care
POST-CLICK COMMERCE SOLUTIONS
PFS serves as the “brand behind the brand” for companies seeking to increase order fulfillment and management and customer care efficiencies, drive customer engagement and growth, enter new markets or launch optimized sales channels. As a premier eCommerce order fulfillment provider, we offer scalable and cost-effective solutions for brand manufacturers, online retailers, and distributors across a wide range of industry segments to serve direct-to-consumer (DTC) and business-to-business (B2B) channels. We provide our clients with seamless and transparent solutions to support their business strategies, allowing them to focus on their core competencies. Leveraging our technology, expertise, and proven methodologies, we enable clients to develop and deploy new products and implement new business strategies or address new distribution channels rapidly and efficiently through our optimized solutions. Our clients engage us, both as a consulting partner to assist them in the design of a retail eCommerce solution, as well as a virtual and physical infrastructure partner to provide the mission-critical operations required to build and manage their business solution. Together, we not only help our clients define new ways of doing business, but also provide them the technology, physical infrastructure, and professional resources necessary to quickly implement their commerce objectives. We allow our clients to quickly and dramatically change how they “go-to-market” and service their customers.
Each client has a unique business model and unique strategic objectives that often require highly customized enterprise solutions. We support clients in a wide array of industries, including health, skincare, fragrance and beauty products, cosmetics, fashion apparel and accessories, footwear, luxury goods, consumer packaged goods, coins and collectibles, jewelry, housewares, computer and office products, among others. Clients turn to PFS for help in addressing a variety of business needs that include strategic consulting, customer care support, time-definite logistics, vendor managed inventory and integration, supply chain compression, cost model realignments, returns/reverse logistics, transportation management, and international expansion, among others. We also act as a constructive agent of change, providing clients the ability to alter their current distribution model, establish direct relationships with end-customers and reduce the overall time and costs associated with existing distribution channel strategies, while improving customer experience via value-added distribution solutions such as gift-wrapping and product personalization. Our clients are seeking DTC and B2B solutions that will provide them with dynamic supply chain and outsourcing efficiencies, while ultimately delivering a world-class, branded customer service experience.
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Our value proposition is to serve as a well-integrated extension of our clients’ enterprises by delivering superior solutions that drive optimal customer experiences. For all the brands we serve, we strive to increase and enhance sales and market growth, bolster customer satisfaction and customer retention and drive costs out of the business through operations and technology related efficiencies. As both a virtual and a physical infrastructure for our clients’ businesses, we embrace their brand values, strategic objectives and operational processes. By utilizing our services, our clients are able to:
Quickly Capitalize on Market Opportunities. We offer a collection of solutions focused on helping clients quickly assess opportunities that respond to the changing world of technology and assisting clients in harnessing innovation and brand experience through lean start-up methodologies. Our solutions empower clients to rapidly implement their supply chain and commerce strategies and take advantage of opportunities by utilizing our readily available advanced technology and physical infrastructure which facilitate a quick integration and implementation. The solution is designed to allow our clients to deliver consistent, quality service as transaction volumes grow and handle daily and seasonal peak periods. Our international locations allow our clients to expand the global reach of their products.
Elevate the Customer Experience. We enable our clients to provide their customers with a high-touch, positive buying experience, thereby maintaining and promoting brand loyalty. We create omni-channel commerce experiences designed to fit into and fuel a connected digital ecosystem. Our eCommerce solutions communicate seamlessly with client stores and varying applications. Through our use of advanced technology, we help our clients respond directly to customer inquiries by email, phone or live chat and assist them with online ordering and product information. We offer our clients a “world-class” level of service, including high-touch customer care services, detailed Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”) reporting, and exceptional order accuracy. Our technology platform is designed to ensure high levels of reliability and fast response times for our clients’ customers. Because of our technology, our clients benefit from being able to offer the latest in traditional customer communication and auto-response technology to their customers. Using data, we create customer relationship-building insights that drive both strategy and action. Our fulfillment facilities are designed for efficient multi-brand operations with an emphasis on creating branded fulfillment experiences featuring custom packaging, gift-wrapping, extensive personalization options and build-to-order and build-to-stock kitting and/or secondary packaging.
Minimize Investment and Improve Operating Efficiencies. One of the most significant benefits that outsourcing provides is the ability to transform fixed costs into variable costs. By eliminating the need to invest in a fixed capital infrastructure, our clients’ costs typically become more directly correlated with volume increases or declines. Further, as volume increases drive the demand for greater infrastructure or capacity, we are able to quickly deploy additional resources. As we provide services to multiple clients, we are able to offer our clients economies of scale and resulting cost efficiencies that they may not have been able to obtain on their own. Additionally, because of the large number of daily transactions we process, we have been able to justify investments in levels of automation, security surveillance, quality control processes, and transportation carrier interfaces that are typically outside the scale of investment that our clients might be able to cost-justify on their own.
Access a Complete Order Fulfillment Platform. We provide our clients with access to a technology platform featuring best-of-breed DTC and B2B order processing technologies together in a single, integrated, Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) certified order to cash offering. Powered by leading enterprise class software solutions, our order to cash platform is integrated into a variety of leading industry eCommerce platforms and supporting technology components and services. Built to accelerate the implementation process, the technology ecosystem allows for flexible integrations with other technology providers and client systems.
PFS provides the operational activities required and expected of the world's leading brands. Our solutions support DTC, B2B, and retail sales channels. We have DTC and B2B experience in customizing solutions to meet the unique nuances of our clients’ internal finance, customer care, supply chain, and omni-channel operations. With approximately 2.3 million square feet of leased distribution space and proven ability to maintain approximately 1,100 contact center employees across two continents, we have the global infrastructure to meet the operational needs of our eCommerce and traditional B2B clients.
The majority of our clients are the merchants of record for the orders we process through our infrastructure on their behalf. For these clients, we do not own the inventory or the resulting accounts receivable but provide commerce solutions and other services for these client-owned assets.
For some of our clients, we are the merchant of record for the orders we process through our infrastructure. Depending on the terms under these arrangements, we record service fee revenue, may own the accounts receivable and inventory and we
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may be compensated for all or a portion of our services through the resulting profit margin. In some of these client relationships, we purchase the inventory as the product is delivered to our facility. In other of these client relationships, the client retains ownership of inventory in our facility and we purchase and sell the inventory simultaneously with each individual customer sales transaction. In all of these cases, we seek inventory financing from our clients in the form of extended terms, working capital programs or marketing funds to help offset the working capital requirements that follow accounts receivable and inventory ownership.
Order Fulfillment
We design advanced distribution operations that streamline our clients’ supply chain process and offer a flexible fulfillment model. We differentiate ourselves through the value-added services we provide and creating branded solutions – more than the brown corrugated box. Our distribution centers are located in the Memphis, Tennessee area, Dallas, Texas, Las Vegas, Nevada, Toronto, Canada, Southampton, United Kingdom, and Liege, Belgium to provide strategically located fulfillment throughout North America and Europe.
Advanced Distribution Facilities and Infrastructure. An integral part of our solution is the warehousing and distribution of our clients’ inventory. We receive client inventory in our distribution centers, verify shipment accuracy, unpack and audit packages. We generally make inventory available for sale within one business day of unloading. We pick, pack and ship customer orders and can provide customized packaging, customized monogramming, personalized laser engraving, high volume shrink packaging, inserts and promotional literature for distribution with customer orders. For many clients, we provide gift-wrapping services including unit level gifting, customized gift-wrapping paper, ribbon, gift-box and gift-messaging.
Our distribution facilities contain computerized sortation equipment, flexible mobile pick-to-light carts, powered material handling equipment and scanning and bar-coding systems. Our distribution facilities include several advanced technology enhancements, such as radio frequency technology in product receiving processing to ensure accuracy, as well as an automated package routing and a lighted paperless order fulfillment system. Our advanced distribution systems provide us with the capability to warehouse an extensive number of stock keeping units (“SKUs”), ranging from large high-end electronics to small cosmetic compacts. Our facilities are flexibly configured to process B2B and DTC orders from the same central location.
In addition to our advanced distribution systems, our proprietary pick-to-light carts, stationary pick-to-light areas and conveyor system controls provide real time productivity reporting, thereby providing our management team with the tools to implement and manage to productivity standards. This combination of computer-controlled equipment provides the tight integration of our pick-to-light systems and mass sortation capabilities. This unique combination of technologies ensures high order accuracy for each and every customer order.
We are able to take advantage of a variety of shipping and delivery options, which range from next day service to zone skipping, to optimize transportation costs. Our facilities and systems are equipped with multi-carrier functionality, allowing us to integrate with all leading package carriers and regional freight providers while providing a comprehensive freight and transportation management offering to our clients.
We offer reverse logistics management services, including issuing return authorizations, return carrier shipping labels, receipt of product, crediting customer accounts and disposition of returned product. We also leverage strategic partnerships to provide our clients with access to distributed returns centers that collect, consolidate, report on and forward returned product to our central facilities allowing us to accelerate credits to our clients’ customers, reduce freight costs for our client, provide environmentally friendly options, improve customer service and reduce complexity and cost in our facilities from handling inbound returns.
Facility Operations and Management. Our facilities management service offering includes distribution facility design and optimization, business process reengineering and ongoing staffing and management. Our expertise in supply chain management, logistics and client-centric fulfillment operations can provide our clients with cost reductions, process improvements and technology-driven efficiencies.
Kitting and Assembly Services. Our expanded kitting and assembly services enable our clients to reduce the time and costs associated with managing multiple suppliers, warehousing hubs and light manufacturing partners. As a single source provider, we provide the advantage of convenience, accountability and speed. Our kitting and assembly services include light assembly, specialized kitting and supplier-consigned inventory hubs either in our distribution facilities or co-located elsewhere. We also offer customized light manufacturing and supplier relationship management.
Pop-Up Distribution Centers. Leveraging our CloudPick℠ solution, temporary fulfillment centers allow our clients’ eCommerce fulfillment networks to flex during peak periods with all the benefits of regional distribution nodes, without the long-
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term capital costs. We can deploy full pick-pack-ship operations within weeks that run off a simple Wi-Fi network and our proprietary distributed order management technology. Deployed into any real estate space, this solution allows for temporary forward stock allocation to alleviate volume from the primary fulfillment center, shorten delivery times and lower shipping costs.
Fulfillment-as-a-Service. PFS has developed and deployed technology products that facilitate the omni-channel shopping experience. Our cloud-based RetailConnectSM Store Edition is designed to streamline the pick/pack/ship operation within a retail store. Our cloud-based solution allows retailers the ability to offer ship from store and Buy Online, Pick-up In Store (BOPIS) quickly and accurately, transforming a brick-and-mortar store into an efficient, omni-channel hub which optimizes inventory and improves customer satisfaction.
Order to Cash
Our order to cash service provides our clients with distributed order orchestration and payment processing. Our order to cash service features an Oracle-based, custom, scalable Distributed Order Management (“DOM”) technology platform built for DTC and B2B order processing with a variety of fully-integrated payment processing and fraud management platforms and technologies. Our order to cash service provides interfaces that allow for real-time information retrieval, including information on inventory, sales orders, shipments, delivery, purchase orders, warehouse receipts, customer history, accounts receivable and credit lines. These solutions are integrated with our customer contact centers, allowing for the processing of orders through shopping cart, phone, fax, mail, email, live chat and other order receipt methods. As the information backbone for our total supply chain solution, our order to cash service can be used on a stand-alone basis or in conjunction with our other business infrastructure offerings. In addition, for the B2B market, our service offering provides a variety of order receipt methods that facilitate commerce within various stages of the supply chain. Our service provides the ability for both our clients and their customers to track the status of orders at any time. Our services are transparent to our clients’ customers and are seamlessly integrated with our clients’ internal system platforms and websites. By synchronizing these activities, we can capture and provide critical customer information, including:
•Statistical measurements critical to creating a quality customer experience, containing real-time order status, order exceptions, back-order tracking, allocation of product based on timing of online purchase and business rules, the ratio of customer inquiries to purchases, average order sizes and order response time;
•B2B supply chain management information critical to evaluating inventory positioning, for the purpose of improving inventory turns, and assessing product flow-through and end-user demand;
•Reverse logistics information, including customer response and reason for the return or rotation of product and desired customer action; and
•Detailed marketing information about what was sold and to whom it was sold, by location and preference.
Technology Collaboration. We have created a suite of technology services that enable buyers and suppliers to fully automate their business transactions within their supply chain using our order management interfaces. Our collaboration technologies operate in an open systems environment and feature the use of industry-standard JavaScript Object Notation ("JSON") or Extensible Markup Language (“XML”) and Service-Oriented Architecture (“SOA”) web services, enabling customized eCommerce solutions with minimal changes to a client’s systems or our systems. The result is a faster implementation process. We also support information exchange methods, such as Applicability Statement 2 (“AS2”), Secure File Transfer Protocol (“SFTP”), Electronic Data Interchange (“EDI”), Message Queue Series (“MQ Series”), Application Link Enabling (“ALE”), and Representational State Transfer / Simple Object Access Protocol (“REST/SOAP”) over Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (“HTTPS”).
Information Management. We have the ability to communicate with and transfer information to and from our clients through a wide variety of technology services, including real-time web service enabled data interfaces, file transfer methods and electronic data interchange. Our distributed order orchestration systems are designed to capture, store and electronically forward to our clients critical information regarding customer inquiries and orders, product shipments, inventory status (for example, levels of inventory on hand, on back order, on purchase order and inventory due dates to our warehouse), payment reconciliation product returns and other information. Our clients are able to utilize inventory and order information for use in analyzing sales and marketing trends and introducing new products. We also offer customized reports and data analyses based upon specific client needs to assist them in their budgeting.
Payments. Protecting our clients’ brand with secure payment processing and fraud management services is critical to a successful operation. We also provide flexible global payment options as well as gift cards, B2B invoicing and VAT services.
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Our payment services are divided into two major financial management areas: 1) billing, credit, collection and cash application services for B2B clients and 2) fraud review, chargeback management and processing and settlement of credit card services for DTC clients.
Business-to-Business Financial Management. For B2B clients, we offer full-service accounts receivable management and collection capabilities, including the ability to generate customized invoices in our clients’ names. We assist clients in reducing accounts receivable and days sales outstanding, while minimizing costs associated with maintaining an in-house collections staff. We offer electronic credit services in the format of EDI and XML communications direct from our clients to their vendors, suppliers and retailers.
Direct-to-Consumer Financial Management. For DTC clients, we offer secure credit card processing related services for orders made via a client web site or through our customer contact center. We offer manual credit card order review as an additional level of fraud protection. We also calculate sales taxes, goods and services taxes or value added taxes, if applicable, for numerous taxing authorities and on a variety of products. Using third-party leading-edge fraud protection services and risk management systems, we can offer high levels of security and reduce the level of risk for client transactions.
Customer Care
Our internal contact center operations are focused on providing essential services such as order entry, returns authorization, product inquiry and order tracking. Our unique multi-lingual capabilities are possible through our strategically placed management locations in the United States (“US”), Belgium, United Kingdom (“U.K.”), and Canada, as well as partnerships delivering multi-lingual capability in Mexico. We have also deployed technology which allows for full customer care capabilities to be deployed for agents in a work from home ("WFH") capacity, which has greatly increased our access to skilled staff while reducing attrition.
Customer Service Application. Through our web enabled iCommerce Agent application, our unique technology leverages the client’s website by wrapping the Customer Service Application around the existing website. Using iCommerce Agent, agents provide customer service functions, such as placing orders, checking order status, facilitating returns, initiating upsell and cross sell, managing escalations and gathering “voice of the customer” information to help our clients evolve with their customers’ changing needs. iCommerce Agent is fully integrated into the client’s website, our data analytics platform, and our order processing system, allowing full visibility into customer history and customer trends. Through this fully integrated system, we are able to provide a complete customer care solution in a contact center or on a license basis to our clients’ owned or outsourced contact centers.
Customer Assistance. An important feature of customer assistance is the ability for the customer to communicate with a live customer service representative. Our contact center services utilize features that integrate voice, email, standard mail and live chat communications to respond to and handle customer inquiries. Our customer care representatives answer various questions, acting as virtual representatives of our clients’ organization, regarding order status, shipping, billing, returns and product information and availability as well as a variety of other questions. We utilize technology that allows us to route each customer contact automatically to the appropriate customer care representative who is individually trained in the clients’ business and products.
Our contact centers are flexibly designed so that our customer care representatives can handle either several different clients and products in a shared agent environment, thereby creating economy of scale benefits for our clients, or through a highly customized dedicated agent support model that provides the ultimate customer experience and brand reinforcement.
Quality Monitoring. Quality is essential in our client solutions. As representatives of our clients, our customer care representatives must adhere to the unique quality standards of each client for each contact type. We continually monitor the quality of our customer care representatives against each client quality standard and use the results to provide agent-level feedback to continually improve the customer care experience. Clients may participate in the quality process by remotely listening to calls, assisting in the grading of recorded calls and providing ongoing direction to improve quality standards through our calibration process.
Customer Self-Help. With the need for efficiency and cost optimization for many of our clients, we have integrated secure interactive voice response (“IVR”) as another option for customer contacts. IVR creates an “electronic workforce” with virtual agents that can assist customers with information at any time of the day or night. IVR allows for our clients’ customers to deal interactively with our order payment system to handle basic customer inquiries, such as account balance, order status, shipment status and customer satisfaction surveys. The inclusion of IVR in our service offering allows us to offer a cost-effective way to handle high volume, low complexity calls.
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INDUSTRY INFORMATION AND COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
Industry Overview
Business activities in the public and private sectors continue to operate in an environment of rapid technological advancement, increasing competition and continuous pressure to decrease costs by improving operating and supply chain efficiency. We currently see the following trends within the industry:
•Manufacturers strive to restructure their supply chains to maximize efficiency and reduce costs in both B2B and DTC markets, and to create a variable-cost supply chain able to support the multiple, unique needs of each of their initiatives, including traditional retail and eCommerce.
•Companies in a variety of industries seek outsourcing as a method to address one or more business functions that are not within their core business competencies, to reduce operating costs or to improve the speed or cost of implementation.
•Retailers, both traditional and eCommerce, partner with providers that offer them the most flexibility both short and long-term. However, many companies today seek to diversify their eCommerce operations across in-house capabilities and outsourced components on an à la carte basis.
•The “seamless customer experience” is a major industry trend that retailers and brand manufacturers are embracing to differentiate and remain relevant to a more sophisticated consumer. As consumers desire a shopping experience that blends sales channels, the integration and flexibility of front and back-end systems and operations becomes more critical to retailers and manufacturers.
•Consumer branded manufacturers and retailers are focused on driving improvements in their online presence through incremental investments in their website presence and infrastructure to support evolving consumer buying patterns and requirements.
Supply Chain Management Trend
As companies maintain focus on improving their businesses and balance sheet financial ratios, significant efforts and investments continue to be made in identifying ways to maximize supply chain efficiency and extend supply chain processes. Working capital financing, vendor managed inventory, supply chain visibility software solutions, distribution channel skipping, direct-to-consumer eCommerce sales initiatives and complex upstream supply chain collaborative technology are products that manufacturers seek to help them achieve greater supply chain efficiency. Certain clients were impacted by supply chain issues in 2022 which made our ability to offer omni-channel solutions, which could optimize retail inventory for eCommerce orders, even more important. Additionally, our distribution center expansion into Las Vegas allows our clients to utilize a multi-node distribution strategy by leveraging multiple operations within PFS, which often shortens delivery times for product to our facilities as well as improves delivery times from our fulfillment network to the end consumer.
A key business challenge facing many manufacturers and retailers as they evaluate their supply chain efficiency is determining how the trend toward increased omni-channel business activity will impact their traditional DTC commerce business models. Ship-from-store, pick-up-in-store, return-to-store and other omni-channel capabilities are becoming increasingly important processes to accommodate. We believe manufacturers will look to outsource their non-core competency functions to support this modified business model. We believe companies will continue to strategically plan for the impact that technology advancements will have on their traditional commerce business models and their existing technology and infrastructure capabilities. Additionally, B2B opportunities exist as companies look to leverage the technology and enhanced customer experience that currently exists within eCommerce channels, or co-locate their inventory and fulfill retail wholesale and DTC orders from a single location.
Outsourcing Trend
In response to growing competitive pressures and technological innovations, we believe many companies, both large and small, are focusing their critical resources on the core competencies of their business and utilizing eCommerce service providers to accelerate their business plans in a cost-effective manner and perform non-core business functions. Outsourcing can provide many key benefits, including the ability to:
•Enter new business markets or geographic areas rapidly;
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•Increase flexibility to meet changing business conditions and demand for products and services;
•Enhance customer satisfaction and gain competitive advantage;
•Reduce capital and personnel investments and convert fixed investments to variable costs;
•Improve operating performance and efficiency; and
•Capitalize on skills, expertise and technology infrastructure that would otherwise be unavailable or expensive given the scale of the business.
Typically, many outsourcing service providers are focused on a single function, channel or geography, such as information technology, contact center management, credit card processing, warehousing or package delivery, etc. This focus creates several challenges for companies looking to outsource more than one of these functions, including the need to manage multiple outsourcing service providers, to share information with service providers and to integrate that information into their internal systems. Additionally, the delivery of these multiple services must be transparent to the customer so the client maintains brand recognition and customer loyalty. Furthermore, traditional commerce outsourcers are frequently providers of domestic-only services versus international solutions. As a result, companies requiring global solutions must establish additional relationships with other outsourcing parties.
Another vital point for major brand name companies seeking to outsource is the protection of their brand. When looking for an outsourcing partner to provide order fulfillment solutions, brand name companies must find a company that can provide the same quality performance and superior experience their customers expect from their brands. Working with an outsourcing partner requires finding a partner that can maintain the consistency of their brand image, which is one of the most valuable intangible assets that recognized brand name companies possess.
Competition
We compete with eCommerce focused order fulfillment providers such as Radial and GEODIS (formerly OHL), as well as, depending on the client’s retail and/or supply chain strategy, Saddle Creek Logistics, Maersk (formerly Visible Supply Chain Management), Capacity Logistics, FedEx Supply Chain, GXO, OceanX, Kuehne + Nagel, and other “pure-play” fulfillment or contact center providers.
We face competition from many different sources depending upon the type and range of services requested by a potential client. Many other companies offer one or more of the same services we provide on an individual basis. Our competitors include vertical outsourcers, which are companies that offer a single function solution. We compete with transportation logistics providers, known in the industry as 3PL’s and 4PL’s (third or fourth party logistics providers), who offer product management functions as an ancillary service to their primary transportation services. In many instances, PFS competes with the in-house operations of our potential clients. Occasionally, the operations departments of potential clients believe they can perform the same services we do, at similar quality levels and costs, while others are reluctant to outsource business functions that involve direct customer contact. We cannot be certain we will be able to compete successfully against these or other competitors in the future.
Although many of our competitors offer one or more of our services, we believe our primary competitive advantage is our ability to offer branded eCommerce operations, helping brands differentiate their DTC channel with consumer experiences that match their brand values.
We also compete on the basis of many other important additional factors, including:
•vertical industry expertise;
•bundled service offerings;
•omni-channel strategy;
•design and implementation experience;
•operating performance and reliability;
•ease of implementation and integration;
•experience of the people required to successfully and efficiently design and implement solutions;
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•experience operating similar solutions dynamically;
•global reach; and
•price.
We believe we can compete favorably with respect to many of these factors. However, the market for our services is competitive and continually evolving, which will require PFS to continue to innovate and invest in its operations to be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
COMPANY INFORMATION
Clients and Marketing
Our target clients include branded manufacturers, online retailers and leading consumer goods brands looking to quickly and efficiently implement or enhance online and offline business initiatives and operations, adapt their digital strategies or introduce new products, programs or geographies, without the burden of modifying or expanding their technology, customer care, supply chain and logistics infrastructure. Our solutions are applicable to a multitude of industries and business types and we have provided solutions for such companies as:
L’Oréal USA (health & beauty), ON (sporting goods/apparel), Thrive Causemetics (health & beauty), Kendra Scott (jewelry), PANDORA (jewelry), Moleskine (stationery), Champion (apparel), Procter & Gamble (consumer packaged goods), Shiseido Americas (health & beauty), The United States Mint (collectible coins), and Wimbledon (sports & lifestyle), among many others.
We target potential clients through an extensive integrated marketing program comprised of a variety of direct marketing techniques, email marketing initiatives, trade event participation, search engine marketing, public relations, social media, thought leadership, and a targeted outbound tele-sales lead generation model. We have also developed a global business development methodology which allows us to effectively showcase our various commerce service solutions and products. We also pursue strategic marketing alliances with consulting firms, private equity firms, technology companies, and other logistics providers to increase market awareness and generate referrals and customer leads.
Because of the highly complex nature of the solutions we provide, our clients demand significant competence and experience from a variety of different business disciplines during the sales cycle. As such, we often utilize a member of our executive team to lead the design and proposal development of each potential new client we choose to pursue. The executive is supported by a select group of highly experienced individuals from our professional services and operations groups with specific industry knowledge of, or experience with, the solutions development process. We employ a team of highly trained implementation managers whose responsibilities include the oversight and supervision of client projects and maintaining high levels of client satisfaction during the transition process between the various stages of the sales cycle and steady state operations.
Seasonality
We have historically experienced seasonality due to our client mix and their increased business volumes which are highest in our fourth quarter which coincides with the holiday retail peak season. We cannot predict the volume of sales of our clients or the impact of such seasonality of our clients or the sales they will implement during such peak season nor those of any future client business. We expect this seasonality to continue, or possibly increase in the future, which may cause fluctuations in our business operations and operating results. Increased online buying due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions drove substantially increased fulfillment volume starting in 2020 and sustaining through 2022.
Concentration of Clients
During 2022, two clients each represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues. These clients each represented $34.7 million, or 12%, of total revenues. During 2021, two clients each represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues. These clients represented $37.6 million, or 14%, and $31.6 million, or 11%, of total revenues. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, one client exceeded 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at each period end.
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Human Capital Resources
Workforce Composition and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
Our business is operated by a diverse and global workforce, with employees in the following key geographies as of December 31, 2022:
| Workforce Totals | |||||
| North America: | |||||
| United States | 963 | ||||
| Canada | 61 | ||||
| Total | 1,024 | ||||
| Europe: | |||||
| United Kingdom | 97 | ||||
| Belgium | 158 | ||||
| Total | 255 | ||||
| Asia: | |||||
| India | 73 | ||||
| Total Employees | 1,352 | ||||
We believe that providing a diverse workplace that promotes mutual respect and inclusion for all employees is critical to our business success and to driving innovation and growth. Since 2018, all U.S. employees were trained on diversity and inclusion. In 2019, this training was expanded to our non-U.S. employees and managers. In 2020, we launched an expanded Diversity & Inclusion effort and hired a firm to help develop a phased approach to increase diversity and ensure inclusion. As part of this process, the Company is engaging its workforce and seeking feedback from various groups within the Company, including, but not limited to, women, African Americans, and LGBTQ employees, to better determine if there are areas within the Company that warrant changes. In 2021, we reviewed the data from the Organizational Culture Index with business leaders. We continue to work through the phased approach and believe this is an ongoing effort that will drive permanent change in our Company and our practices.
As of December 31, 2022 , our gender and racial/ethnic group representation for employees and management was as follows:
| Employee Gender Diversity (Global) | Employee Ethnicity Diversity (U.S.) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employees | % of Total | Employees | % of Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Male | 500 | 37 | % | Non-POC* | 228 | 24 | % | |||||||||||||
| Female | 707 | 52 | % | POC** | 730 | 75 | % | |||||||||||||
| Undisclosed | 145 | 11 | % | Undisclosed | 5 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total | 1,352 | Total | 963 | |||||||||||||||||
*Non-People of Color (Non-POC): White
** People of Color (POC): Asian, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, Native American/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian, and two or more races.
| Employee Gender Diversity in Management (Global) | Employee Ethnicity Diversity in Management (U.S.) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employees | % of Total | Employees | % of Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Male | 130 | 56 | % | Non-POC* | 78 | 43 | % | |||||||||||||
| Female | 90 | 39 | % | POC** | 104 | 56 | % | |||||||||||||
| Undisclosed | 12 | 5 | % | Undisclosed | 1 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total | 232 | Total | 183 | |||||||||||||||||
*Non-People of Color (Non-POC): White
** People of Color (POC): Asian, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, Native American/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian, and two or more races.
We are an equal opportunity employer and seek to comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws, including but not limited to the applicable provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. We prohibit discrimination against our employees, applicants, or any protected group or class including in our hiring, workplace practices, promotions, compensation, benefits, and termination practices.
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We have not suffered an interruption of business as a result of a labor dispute. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good. In the U.S., Canada and India, we are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements, and while our European subsidiaries are not a party to a collective-bargaining agreement, certain of them are required to comply with certain rules agreed upon by their employee Works Councils.
Talent Acquisition, Development and Retention.
We are focused on attracting the best employees, recognizing and rewarding their performance. The future success of our business initiatives relies heavily on our employees and in recruiting, hiring and training large numbers of skilled employees, and obtaining large numbers of hourly employees and temporary staff during peak periods for distribution and call center operations is critical to our ability to provide high quality services. To attract talented and experienced employees, we utilize multiple online search tools, specialized recruiting firms and temporary resourcing firms, as well as, an employee referral program to ensure a varied outreach approach for candidates.
Compensation, Benefits and Wellness.
We aim to offer marketable and competitive compensation and benefits to our employees relative to our industry and size. Varying by level, our compensation strategy is built around providing a mix of salary or hourly pay, cash based short-term incentives, and equity based long-term incentives to employees. In addition, we offer a comprehensive suite of health and retirement benefits, including medical, dental and prescription drug coverage, as well as paid parental leave, and 401(k) matching contributions. We have also instituted a Wellness Program to foster employee health, wellness, and engagement, which program includes fitness challenges and classes. We have attempted to maintain our Wellness Program with online course offerings for the majority of our employees that work from home. For employees based in the distribution centers, we provide free vaccines, and mobile health units (e.g. dental and mammograms).
Government Regulation
We are subject to significant and complex governmental laws and regulations, both in the United States and internationally, which requires and will continue to require significant expenditures to remain in compliance and may, depending on specific facts and circumstances, impact our competitive position.
Health and Safety
Our distribution center employees provide essential services to keep goods flowing to our clients' customers. Their protection and safety is important to us, and we are committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment for our employees, temporary employees, contractors and visitors. We expect all employees, temporary employees, contractors and visitors to share in this commitment for the mutual benefit of everyone. With the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the continuing and varied effects of the same, we began using a combination of protective measures and virtual communications to maintain a safe workplace environment including maintaining social distancing when possible. We continue to implement the recommended Center for Disease Control and Prevention (the “CDC”) guidelines in our distribution facilities.
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
We recognize our responsibility to reduce environmental impact from our operations. We believe that solidifying our commitment to ESG efforts is a natural integration into our long-term corporate strategy and will enable us to better serve our stakeholders. In 2022, we entered a partnership with 3R Sustainability to develop a comprehensive Sustainability and ESG program. Through this partnership, we will:
•Identify and prioritize relevant ESG topics through a materiality assessment
•Establish a Sustainability Plan and ESG Strategic Roadmap
•Develop ESG reporting referencing the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) frameworks
•Support the communications efforts around our ESG program
•Strategize in alignment with industry best practices and frameworks (SASB, TCFD and CDP)
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Consumer and Data Protection Laws
We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign consumer protection laws and data privacy laws, protecting our customers’ personally identifiable information and other non-public information and regulations prohibiting unfair and deceptive trade practices to name a few. Moreover, there is a trend toward regulations requiring companies to provide consumers with greater information regarding, and greater control over, how their personal data is used, and requiring notification when unauthorized access to such data occurs. Furthermore, the growth and demand for online commerce has and may continue to result in more stringent consumer protection laws that impose additional compliance burdens and greater penalties on online companies with online operations.
These laws are increasing in number, enforcement, fines and other penalties. For example, many states and foreign countries currently require us to notify each of our clients or customers who are affected by any data security breach (as such term may be defined by jurisdiction) in which an unauthorized person, such as a computer hacker, could obtain customer information. Nonetheless, we may be subject to data incidents for which, though not required to do so by law, we may disclose to our clients and customers under certain contractual obligations and/or data privacy agreements. In addition, several jurisdictions, including foreign countries, have adopted privacy-related laws that restrict or prohibit unsolicited email promotions, commonly known as “spam,” that impose significant monetary and other penalties for violations.
In an effort to comply with these laws, internet service providers may increasingly block legitimate marketing emails. Compliance with these and any other applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and a time-intensive process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms and training to ensure compliance with the new data protection rules in the future which could result in substantial compliance costs and could interfere with the conduct of our business.
As we receive, store and process personal information and other customer data in connection with our services, and in some cases we are deemed a controller of data, we are required to comply with numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, access, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information, personal data and other client data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among countries or conflict with other rules. Specifically, we are subject to the European Union (“E.U.”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), and applicable national implementing legislation of the GDPR, and the U.K. General Data Protection Regulation and U.K. Data Protection Act 2018 (collectively, “U.K. GDPR”).
The GDPR/U.K. GDPR imposes stringent data protection requirements and, where we are acting as a controller, includes requirements to provide detailed disclosures about how personal data is collected and processed, among many other requirements, along with complying with the principle of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate compliance through policies, procedures and audit. Where we act as a processor and process personal data on behalf of our clients, we are required to execute mandatory data processing clauses with those customers and maintain a record of data processing, among other requirements under the GDPR/U.K. GDPR. Further, in compliance with GDPR, we have adopted and transitioned to the European Commission’s new standard contractual clauses (“New SCCs”) to govern data transfers outside of the EU and have been updating our contracts to reference the New SCCs.
Additionally, we are subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which came into effect in 2020 and increases privacy rights for California consumers and imposes obligations on companies that process their personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for security breaches that may increase the likelihood of, and the risks associated with, security breach litigation. Additionally, in November 2020, California passed the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which expands the CCPA significantly, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain personal information and creating a new state agency to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Many of the CPRA’s provisions became effective on January 1, 2023. Further, Virginia, Utah, Connecticut and Colorado have enacted state data protection and privacy laws requiring us to continually assess, update and review our policies for compliance. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, specifically, "We process, store and use personal information and other confidential data that we must safeguard the security and privacy of in compliance with laws that govern such data, including governmental regulations in the U.S., E.U., U.K. and Canada and we may be liable for an actual or perceived failure to comply with such laws, regulations and contractual obligations which could result in significant liability."
Further, with the U.K.’s exit from the E.U. (referred to as “Brexit”) and the subsequent Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the “TCA”) entered into thereafter which became effective in May 2021 has resulted in continuing instability and uncertainty, adding cost and complexity to our operations and compliance efforts, including staffing and cross border supply chain implications. Brexit and the TCA has and may continue to contribute to volatility of currency exchange rates, including of the euro and British pound, issues with import and export controls, trade barriers, tariffs, and the movement of employees. The U.K.
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is an important geography for us and we have structured our privacy and data protection compliance program based on the GDPR. As a result of Brexit, we have implemented and introduced practices in the U.K. to comply with the U.K. GDPR and ensure compliance with the International Data Transfer Addendum to the New SCCs for transfers of personal data occurring from the U.K. to other countries on or before March 21, 2024.
Lastly, we are subject to Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI-DSS”), a security standard applicable to companies that collect, store or transmit certain data regarding credit and debit cards, holders and transactions. We rely on vendors to handle PCI DSS matters and to ensure PCI-DSS compliance.
Where to Find More Information
Our website address is www.pfscommerce.com. Information contained on, or accessible from, our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report and should not be considered part of this annual report or any filing we make with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. We file with, or furnish to, the SEC all our periodic filings and reports, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments if any, to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All of our filings with the SEC are made available, free of charge, through the investor relations section of this website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC or by mailing a written request to Investor Relations at PFSweb, Inc., 9250 N. Royal Lane, Suite 100, Irving, Texas 75063. Copies of any of our filings also can be obtained without charge from the SEC at www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected by any or all of the following factors, in which event the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
Our service fee revenue and gross margin are dependent upon our clients’ business and transaction volumes and our costs. A reduction in our clients’ eCommerce business, our inability to grow our business or increase service fee revenue from new or existing clients, or our inability to manage expected costs could result in financial performance shortfalls and negatively impact our operating results.
Our service fee revenue is primarily transaction based and fluctuates with the volume of transactions or level of sales of the products by our clients for whom we provide omni-channel services. If we are unable to retain existing clients or attract new clients, or if we dedicate significant resources to clients whose business does not generate revenues at projected levels or sufficient revenues, or whose products do not generate substantial customer sales, our business and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
When making a proposal for clients, we rely on our estimates of costs and timing for delivering our services, which may be based on limited and incomplete data and could be inaccurate. Further, our ability to estimate service fee revenue for future periods is substantially dependent upon our clients’ and our own projections, the accuracy of which has been, and will continue to be, unpredictable. Therefore, our planning for client activity and targeted goals for service fee revenue and gross margin may be materially adversely affected by incomplete, delayed or inaccurate projections. Any increased or unexpected costs or unanticipated delays in connection with the performance of fixed-price contracts, including delays caused by factors outside of our control, could make these contracts less profitable or unprofitable and may affect the amount of revenue, profit and profit margin reported in any period.
In addition, most of our service agreements with our clients are non-exclusive and we cannot be assured that any of our clients will continue to use our services for any period of time. The loss of a significant amount of service fee revenue due to client terminations (including terminations related to client bankruptcies) or material reductions in the services provided to one or more clients could have a material adverse effect on our ability to cover our costs and thus on our profitability.
Our business may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain sufficient temporary and seasonal workers or if labor costs increase.
We regularly hire a large number of part-time and seasonal workers, particularly during the fourth quarter holiday season and to meet temporary increases in client activity volume related to “flash sales,” promotions and other short-term
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marketing programs throughout our geographic locations. Any difficulty we may encounter in hiring such workers could result in significant increases in labor costs, or inability to support our clients’ businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also hire more full-time and part-time employees to mitigate the risk of the unavailability of temporary workers, and our failure to maintain an appropriate mix of labor personnel may result in higher costs. Increases in minimum wage requirements and other competition for labor, could also substantially increase our labor costs. We experienced increased labor costs in 2022 and although we seek to preserve the contractual ability to pass through increases in labor costs to our clients, not all of our current contracts provide us with this protection, and we may enter into contracts in the future, which limit or prohibit our ability to pass through increases in labor costs to our clients.
Economic, political and market conditions including inflation and increased labor costs and interest rates may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Our business, financial condition and operating results are sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, including interest rates, recessionary periods or fear of recession, consumer confidence, unemployment rates, economic growth, supply chain disruptions, impacts of current geopolitical instability caused by the war in Ukraine, rates of inflation, in particular wage inflation and other macro-economic factors.
Our services are available across various industries and those utilizing ecommerce services, which may be vulnerable to weak economic conditions, inflation, and continuing supply chain disruptions. As a result, we may have greater difficulty in gaining new clients, and existing clients may be more likely to reduce or terminate services as economic activity slows impacting their business, reducing growth and slowing sales, which may also impact our clients' ability to pay for our services.
In 2022, the Company experienced and expects to continue to experience wage inflation across many of our geographic locations and in particular, the U.S. market. We have responded to these inflationary factors with cost reduction initiatives and price increases, which could also result in clients reducing or terminating services. Our inability and our clients' inability to respond to inflationary factors or control the effects of such factors could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Weak economic and credit conditions may also adversely impact our clients' and vendors' financial liquidity, some of which may file for bankruptcy, or may experience cash flow or liquidity problems, or may be unable to obtain or refinance credit such that they may no longer be able to operate. Any of these could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We face competition from many sources that could adversely affect our business, and growth in our clients’ eCommerce business may make it more efficient for the client to perform some of our service offerings themselves.
Many companies offer, on an individual basis, one or more of the same services we do, and we face competition from many different sources depending upon the type and range of services requested by a potential client. Our competitors include vertical outsourcers, which are companies that offer a single function, such as call centers, and public warehouses. We compete against transportation logistics providers who offer product management functions as an ancillary service to their primary transportation services. We also compete against other infrastructure service providers, who perform many similar services as us. Many of these companies have greater capabilities than we do for the single or multiple functions they provide. In many instances, our competition is the in-house operations of potential clients themselves. The in-house operations of potential clients often believe they can perform the same services we do, while others are reluctant to outsource business functions that involve direct customer contact. We cannot be certain we will be able to compete successfully against these or other competitors in the future.
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our services and the underlying network infrastructure. If we are unable to adapt to changing market conditions, client requirements or emerging industry standards, our business could be adversely affected.
Our operating results are materially impacted by our client concentration and mix and the seasonality of our clients' business.
Our business is materially impacted by our client mix and the seasonality of their business as well as the concentration of our clients, including our focus on certain primary vertical industries. With a concentration of our revenue with certain clients and the concentration of clients in certain industries, our business may be more susceptible as a result of a loss of one or more clients and/or a single industry specific occurrence or change in law or regulation with respect to our client’s business. Further, based upon our current client mix and their current projected business volumes, we anticipate our highest service fee revenue will be recorded in our fourth quarter. We are unable to predict how the seasonality of future clients’ business may affect our quarterly
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revenue and whether the seasonality may change due to modifications to a client’s business. As such, we believe results of operations for a quarterly period may not be indicative of the results for any other quarter or for the full year.
Our business is subject to the risk associated with timing of contracts, adherence to contract terms and certain recovery of costs under the contract.
The sales cycle for our services is variable, typically ranging between several months to up to a year from initial contact with the potential client to the signing and the actual implementation of our services for the contract. A potential client’s decision to purchase our services is discretionary, involves a significant commitment of the client’s resources and is influenced by intense internal and external pricing and operating comparisons. Consequently, the period between initial contact and the purchase of our services is often long and subject to delays associated with the lengthy approval and competitive evaluation processes that typically accompany significant operational decisions. Additionally, the time required to finalize pending contracts and to implement our systems and integrate a new client can range from several weeks to many months. Delays in signing and integrating new clients may affect our revenue and cause our operating results to vary widely.
Many of our client service agreements contain minimum service level requirements and impose financial penalties if we fail to meet such requirements. The imposition of a substantial amount of such penalties could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. In the event we are unable to meet the service levels expected by the client, our relationship with the client could suffer and may result in financial penalties and/or the termination of the client contract.
Additionally, most of our client agreements provide a contract expiration date, but many also include an early termination clause permitting the client to terminate the contract for convenience prior to its stated expiration date or to reduce the scope of services or delay the commencement of services to be provided under the contract. Termination, reduction, or delay of our services under a contract could result from factors unrelated to our work product or the progress of the project, such as factors related to business or financial conditions of the client, changes in client strategies or the domestic or global economy generally. The bankruptcy, early termination, reduction or substantial delay of services of any significant client, or nonrenewal of any significant client contract, or the nonpayment of a material amount of our service fees by a significant client, if not offset by an increase in other revenue or cost reductions, could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Further, we generally incur start-up costs in connection with the planning and implementation of business process solutions for our clients. Although we generally attempt to recover these costs from the client in the early stages of the client relationship, or upon contract termination if the client terminates without cause prior to full payment of these costs, there is a risk that the client contract may not fully cover the start-up costs or that the client will terminate the contract for cause and withhold payment of any unpaid start-up costs. To the extent start-up costs exceed the start-up fees received, certain excess costs will be expensed as incurred. Additionally, in connection with new client contracts, we may incur capital expenditures associated with assets whose primary use is related to the client solution. There is a risk that the contract may end before expected and we may not recover the full amount of our capital costs.
Our business could be adversely affected if our clients are not satisfied with our services or our third party provider services resulting in client attrition.
Our success depends on our ability to handle a large number of transactions for many different clients in various product categories that are effective and profitable. Our success also depends on our ability to satisfy our clients, both with respect to our professional services and operational eCommerce platform to meet our clients’ business needs. These services may be performed by our own staff, or by a third party or a combination of the two. If a client is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or a third party, then we could incur additional costs to address the situation, the profitability of that work might be impaired, and the client’s dissatisfaction with our services could damage our ability to obtain additional work from that client. Under the terms of several of our contracts with our service clients, we remain liable to provide such third party services and may be liable for the actions and omissions of such third party providers. In addition, negative publicity related to our client relationships, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business and reputation by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective clients and otherwise could result in a material adverse effect upon our business and financial condition.
Further, as we experience volume increases in transactions due to increased sales and/or client growth, including from client marketing programs, such as “secret sales”, “flash sales” or holiday related promotions, these often result in significant short-term spikes in transaction volumes. When this occurs, additional stress is placed upon our network hardware and software and our ability to efficiently manage our operations and available staffing resources, and our ability to efficiently manage a large number of spikes in transactions could be hampered. If we are not able to maintain an appropriate level of operating performance,
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we may be in breach of our client contractual obligations, develop a negative reputation, and impair existing and prospective client relationships and our business could be materially adversely affected.
We may experience fluctuations in the utilization of our distribution facilities as a result of shifts in our client concentration, attrition or growth, some of which we may not be able to control, which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition.
Our clients expect us to provide omni-channel services at the appropriate size and scope of projects based on the client’s needs, whether such needs are expanding or contracting. We must seek to maintain sufficient capacity in our fulfillment, call center and computer technology systems to support our projected existing and new client business activity, including seasonal volumes. The fixed cost structure of many of these investments limits our flexibility to reduce our costs when excess capacity occurs. A reduction in our clients’ business, including from financial distress or related bankruptcies, or our inability to grow our business or increase service fee revenue from new or existing clients could result in an underutilization in our invested assets.
Similarly, salaries and payroll-related expenses are a significant component of our costs. Balancing our workforce levels against the demands for our services is difficult. We generally cannot reduce our labor costs as quickly as negative changes in revenue may occur. We must maintain our operating efficiency and utilization at an appropriate rate to achieve our desired level of profitability. If we are unable to achieve and maintain our target efficiency and utilization rates, our profitability could be adversely impacted. Further, increases in minimum wage requirements and other competitive increases in labor costs could put upward pressure on our costs and adversely affect our profitability if we are unable to recover these increased costs by increasing the prices for our services.
We are dependent on our key officers, managers and highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel in all our geographic locations, our business and our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Due to current general labor shortages, we have had increased risk applicable to retaining and hiring highly-skilled, competent and trained personnel. As a result, we need to attract and retain highly-skilled and technical personnel for whom there is intense competition in all our geographical areas of operation. Increasing wages and competition for skilled personnel worldwide may negatively impact our business and increase our costs. We cannot be certain that we will be able to attract and retain the personnel necessary for the continuing support of and growth of our business. The loss of any of our key personnel or our inability to attract and retain key employees in the future could materially harm and be disruptive to our business.
Our financial results may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange markets.
The revenues and expenses of our international operations generally are denominated in local currencies. Accordingly, we are subject to exchange rate fluctuations between such local currencies and the US dollar. These exchange rate fluctuations subject us to currency translation risk with respect to the reported results of our international operations. Significant strengthening or weakening of the US dollar against currencies like the Canadian Dollar, British Pound and the Euro may materially impact our revenue and profits. As we continue to expand our presence in India, we will have increased exposure to fluctuations between the Indian Rupee and the US dollar. In addition, we have transactions with clients, as well as inter-company transactions between our subsidiaries, that cross currencies and expose us to foreign currency gains and losses. These types of events are difficult to predict and may recur. There can be no assurance that we will be able to reduce the currency risks associated with our international operations. We seek to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates through our normal operating and financing activities and, if deemed appropriate, we may use derivative financial instruments. There is no assurance that we will be successful in managing or controlling foreign currency risks.
We are exposed to the credit risk of some of our clients and to credit exposures in weakened markets, which could result in material losses.
A substantial portion of our sales are on an open credit basis. We monitor individual client financial viability in granting such open credit arrangements, seek to limit such open credit to amounts we believe the clients can pay, and maintain reserves we believe are adequate to cover exposure for doubtful accounts.
In the past, there have been bankruptcies amongst our client base, and certain of our clients’ businesses face financial challenges that put them at risk of future bankruptcies. Losses, resulting from client bankruptcies, have impacted our operations and any future bankruptcies could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. To the degree that the credit markets become difficult such that clients cannot maintain financing, our clients' ability to pay could be adversely impacted, which in turn could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
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We process, store and use personal information and other confidential data that we must safeguard the security and privacy of in compliance with laws that govern such data, including governmental regulations in the U.S., E.U., U.K. and Canada and we may be liable for an actual or perceived failure to comply with such laws, regulations and contractual obligations which could result in significant liability.
We are subject to US and foreign laws relating to the collection, use, storage and retention, security and transfer and processing of personally identifiable information. In the provisions of our services to our clients, we may be required to process personally identifiable information in compliance and adherence with numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, access, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information, personal data and other customer data. The interpretation and application of data protection laws are in a state of flux, and may vary from country to country or state to state in the US and abroad and may conflict. These laws are increasing in number, enforcement, fines and other penalties. In the event of a security breach, these laws may subject us to incident response, notice and remediation costs, as well as costs associated with any investigations that might arise from federal regulatory agencies and state attorney generals and enforcement agencies. Failure to safeguard data adequately, process data in accordance with such laws or to destroy data securely or otherwise anonymize and de-identify such could subject us to regulatory investigations or enforcement actions under applicable data security, unfair practices, or consumer protection laws. The scope and interpretation of these laws could change and the associated burdens and compliance costs could increase in the future.
A significant portion of our services are provided in the U.K. and the E.U. As such, we are subject to GDPR, and applicable national implementing legislation of the GDPR, and the U.K. GDPR. The GDPR/U.K. GDPR imposes stringent data protection requirements when acting as a controller and a processor where we are required to provide detailed disclosures and/or comply with mandatory regulations and data processing clauses consistent with the requirements under the GDPR/U.K. GDPR. As we are required to comply with both the GDPR and the U.K. GDPR, we could be subject to parallel enforcement actions with respect to breaches of both GDPR and U.K. GDPR which affects both E.U. and U.K. data subjects of our clients. In addition to the foregoing, a breach of the GDPR or U.K. GDPR could result in regulatory investigations, reputational damage, orders to cease or change our processing of personal data, enforcement notices, and/or assessment notices for a compulsory audit. We may also face civil claims including representative actions and other class action type litigation (where individuals have suffered harm), potentially amounting to significant compensation or damages liabilities, as well as associated costs, diversion of internal resources, and reputational harm.
GDPR and U.K. GDPR and the use of new Standard Contractual Clauses requires, among other things, that personal information only be transferred outside of the European Economic Area, or the U.K, if certain safeguards are taken to legitimize those data transfers. Recent and continuing legal developments in the E.U. and U.K. have created complexity and uncertainty regarding such transfers and could increase our compliance costs and adversely affect our business.
In the United States, we are subject to the CCPA, which imposes obligations on companies that process personal information for California consumers. Additionally, we are subject to CPRA, which expands the CCPA significantly, including by expanding consumers’ rights which became effective on January 1, 2023. We have taken what we believe are appropriate measures to implement CCPA and CPRA in our business activities, including establishing internal protocols and procedures as well as modifying our contracts accordingly. Further, Virginia, Utah, Connecticut and Colorado have enacted state data protection and privacy laws requiring us to continually assess, update and review our policies for compliance. We will likely see the continuing compliance impact of the new legislation and interpretations thereof and the evolving regulatory environment on our business activities with respect to the use and transfer of personal data. As we expand our operations, the CCPA, CPRA, state privacy laws and evolving consumer protection regulation may significantly increase our compliance costs and potential liability and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Additionally, we are subject to PCI-DSS, a security standard applicable to companies that collect, store or transmit certain data regarding credit and debit cards, holders and transactions. Despite our compliance efforts, we may become subject to claims that we have violated the PCI-DSS based on past, present, and future business practices. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with the PCI-DSS can subject us to fines, termination of banking relationships, and increased transaction fees. In addition, there is no guarantee that PCI-DSS compliance will prevent illegal or improper use of our payment systems or the theft, loss or misuse of payment card data or transaction information. We depend on a number of third parties in relation to the operation of our business, a number of which process personal data on our behalf or as our sub-processor, including for PCI-DSS purposes. To the extent required by applicable law, we attempt to mitigate the associated risks of using third parties by performing security assessments and detailed due diligence, entering into contractual arrangements to ensure that providers only process personal data according to our instructions or equivalent instructions to the instructions of our customer (as applicable), and that they have sufficient technical and organizational security measures in place. We and our third-party service providers may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent spam attacks, cyber-attacks and ransomware aimed at personal
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information and data, specifically identity theft and credit card theft. There is no assurance that these contractual measures and our own privacy and security-related safeguards will protect us from the risks associated with the third-party processing, storage and transmission of such information, including the assessment of fines and penalties under the respective applicable laws and regulations.
We generally seek to comply with industry standards and are subject to the terms of our privacy policies and privacy-related obligations to third parties. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection to the extent possible. Compliance with these and any other applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and time-intensive process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with the new data protection rules. we may face significant fines, penalties and costs that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations, our privacy policies, or our privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personal information or other customer data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, or others and could cause our clients to lose trust in us, as well as result in significant fines and penalties, all of which would have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.
The rise in cyber warfare, ransomware attacks and the like, increases the potential for a breach of our e-commerce security measures, which could adversely affect our business or expose us to significant financial loss or liability and reputational harm.
A requirement of the continued growth of e-commerce is the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, especially as cyber-attacks against companies doing business on the internet and individuals are increasingly subjected to identity and credit card theft. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store and process sensitive information relating to our business, clients, customers of our clients, suppliers, third party providers and employees on our networks and through cloud-based services that may be hosted by third parties and in data center infrastructure maintained by third parties. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy.
Our information systems and those of our suppliers, third party providers, partners and clients are subject to the increasing threat and sophistication of intrusions by a wide range of actors, including computer crimes, industrial, state-sponsored, and/or economic espionage, or financial cyber extortion or fraud, especially with increasing political instability and unrest globally. These threats take many shapes and may be introduced through computer viruses, malicious code, ransomware, phishing and malware/spyware to our computers and networks or to an electronic system operated by a third party for our benefit. In addition, such tactics may also seek to cause payments between us and our clients or suppliers due to or from us or our clients to be misdirected to fraudulent accounts, which may not be recoverable.
We use various encryption, tokenization and authentication technologies to mitigate cybersecurity risks and effect secure transmission of sensitive information such as customer credit card numbers. We also provide employees with awareness training of cybersecurity threats and routinely utilize information technology security experts to assist us in our evaluations of the effectiveness of the security of our information technology systems. However, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade systems change frequently and often are not recognized or known until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, we and our partners, suppliers and third-party service providers may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent all the varying and changing cyber-attacks which could result in the misappropriate our clients’ or our clients’ customers’ personal information or credit card information by way of example. Such resulting liability could include claims for unauthorized purchases with credit card information, impersonation or other similar fraud claims, as well as claims for other misuses or inadvertent disclosure of personal information, including unauthorized marketing purposes or selling of data. Moreover, the tools we and our service providers use with advances in computer capabilities or other developments may still result in a compromise or breach of the measures that we use to protect client transaction data. Compounding the above, we increased the use of remote work environments and virtual platforms in response to COVID-19, further increasing the risk of cyber-attacks or data security breaches.
We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. Because our activities involve the storage and transmission of personal and proprietary information, such as credit card numbers and addresses, security breaches could damage our reputation, cause us to lose clients, impact our ability to attract new clients and we could be exposed to litigation and possible liability. Our security measures may not prevent security breaches, and failure to prevent security breaches may disrupt our operations. The failure to adequately control fraudulent transactions on either our behalf or our client’s behalf could increase our expenses and expose us to reputational damage which could adversely affect our business. Consequently, we cannot provide assurances that a security
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breach, cyber-attack, data theft or other significant systems or security failures will not occur in the future, and such occurrences could have a material and adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
Our business is susceptible to risks associated with international operations.
We operate on a global basis with operations outside of the United States, including distribution facilities, call centers, technology centers, administrative offices and/or have sales personnel in Belgium, Canada, India and the U.K., and we are currently looking to expand our existing international operations. We may face competition from companies that may have more experience with operations in these countries or with international operations generally. We may also face difficulties integrating new facilities into our existing operations, as well as staffing and integrating employees that we hire in different countries into our existing corporate culture. In addition to the uncertainties from our foreign operations and potential expansion of our international presence, there are risks inherent in doing business internationally that we have not generally faced in our US operations, including:
•lack of familiarity with, and resulting risk of breach of, and/or unanticipated additional cost of compliance with, foreign laws and regulations, including those governing privacy, data security, data transfer, employment, taxes, tariffs, trade restrictions, transfer pricing and other matters;
•political, social and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks, political or military conflict and security concerns;
•changes in foreign laws, regulations and trade policies, including local tax and customs duty laws or changes in the enforcement, application or interpretation of such laws which may limit our ability to enforce our legal rights and remedies and repatriation of funds;
•potential for violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as those related to bribery and fraud;
•fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates;
•difficulties and expenses associated with localizing our services and operations to local markets, including language and cultural differences;
•difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, including complex and costly hiring, disciplinary and termination requirements;
•the impact upon our clients, international firms and global economies arising from Brexit and the continuing surrounding uncertainty and instability of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) effective as of May 2021 between the U.K. and E.U., and the continuing political, economic and commercial impact on goods and services and travel, including related labor shortages and supply chain delays which could result in increased or decreased sales or revenues or an increase in costs of operations due to continuing uncertainty with import/export and immigration policies or other factors;
•the complexities of foreign value-added taxes and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;
•reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; and
•increased accounting and reporting burdens and complexities.
Additionally, the U.K. is one of our larger markets in Europe. We currently ship products for U.K. clients from our continental Europe location, as well as our facility in Southampton, U.K. As a result of the U.K.'s departure from the E.U., we anticipate greater restrictions on imports and exports between the U.K. and the E.U. and increased regulatory complexity. The uncertainty regarding the TCA and the application and interpretation of such, including with respect to the UK GDPR, may adversely affect our international operations by, among other things, increasing our costs and reducing the volume of our client activities.
Further, operating in any international markets requires significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that the investments and additional resources required to establish and maintain operations in other countries will hold their value or produce desired levels of revenues or profitability. Any one or more of the above risks could negatively impact our international business efforts which could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition as a whole.
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We or our clients may be a party to litigation involving intellectual property rights used in the provision of services we render. If third parties claim we or our clients are infringing their intellectual property rights under the indemnification obligations within our contracts with our clients and business partners, we could incur significant litigation costs and be required to pay damages, which may have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We or our clients may be subject to intellectual property legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We cannot predict whether third parties will assert claims of infringement in the future. If we or our clients are found to infringe, we may be required to pay monetary damages, which could include treble damages and attorneys’ fees for any infringement that is found to be willful, and either be enjoined or required to pay ongoing royalties with respect to any technologies found to infringe. Further, as a result of infringement claims either against us or our clients, we may be required, or deem it advisable, to develop non-infringing technology, which could be costly and time consuming, or enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may be unavailable on terms that are acceptable, or at all.
Under our indemnification provisions in the contracts that we enter into with our clients and business partners, we are generally required to defend against claims arising out of our infringement of third-party intellectual property rights and breach of contractual obligations. The indemnity obligations generally cover damages, costs and attorneys’ fees arising out of such claims. In many instances, our indemnification obligations to our clients include the actions or omissions of our third-party service providers. Although we seek to limit our total liability under such provisions to either a portion of the value of the contract or a specified, agreed-upon amount, in some cases our total liability under such provisions is unlimited. Although in many cases our third party service providers indemnify us for their actions and omissions, such providers may dispute or be unable to satisfy their indemnification obligation to us. In addition, our indemnification obligation to our clients may be broader in scope, or may be subject to larger limitations of liability, than the indemnification obligation of our third party service providers to us. In most cases, the term of the indemnity provision is perpetual. If we are required to indemnify a claim in a material amount, or if a series of indemnification claims are in the aggregate a material amount, we may be required to expend significant resources to defend the claims, which may have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We and our clients may be subject to existing, new or expanded imposition of sales tax in one or more jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business.
We collect sales or other similar taxes for shipments of our and our clients’ goods in certain states and jurisdictions. One or more local, state or foreign jurisdictions may seek to impose sales tax collection obligations on us and other out-of-state companies, including our clients that engage in online commerce, depending upon the nexus we or our clients may have with that jurisdiction and the product or services being performed. As a result of the US Supreme Court's 2018 decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, many states have enacted, and others may choose to enact in the future, new legislation and increase enforcement efforts of existing legislation requiring online retailers to collect and remit sales tax. If unexpected sales tax obligations are successfully imposed upon us or our clients by a state or other jurisdiction, we or our clients could be exposed to substantial tax liabilities for past sales and fines and penalties for failure to collect sales taxes and we or our clients could suffer decreased sales in that state or jurisdiction as the effective cost of purchasing goods from or through us increases for those residing in that state or jurisdiction. This imposition of sales tax may also be enforced on companies providing software as a service (SaaS), information services, data processing services, and maintenance, to name a few. As we provide such services, we may become subject to sales tax in each state where we provide services.
If there is increased legislative or enforcement action, eCommerce in general could decline as increased taxation of online sales could result in online shopping losing some of its current advantage over traditional retail models, which could diminish its appeal to consumers. A decrease in our clients’ eCommerce sales could impact our revenue. In addition, the cost of implementing new and expanded sales tax impositions by multiple taxing authorities may adversely impact our and our clients’ profitability.
Our focus on developing a comprehensive Sustainability and ESG Program may increase our cost of revenue and hinder our growth and may result in heightened scrutiny from our clients, stockholders and other stakeholders of our ESG measures, activities, and decisions.
Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, clients, stockholders, and stakeholders have focused increasingly on the environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, and related sustainability practices of companies. These parties have placed increased importance on the implications of the social cost of their investments and many of our client agreements provide contract provisions regarding the implementation of and reporting on ESG measures where noncompliance could lead to a right of termination. We recognize our responsibility to reduce environmental impact from our operations. We believe that solidifying our commitment to ESG efforts is a natural integration into our long-term corporate strategy and will
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enable us to better serve our stakeholders, including our clients. In 2022, we entered a partnership with 3R Sustainability to develop a comprehensive Sustainability and ESG program.
If our ESG practices do not meet client and stockholder expectations and standards (which are continually evolving and may emphasize different priorities than the ones we choose to focus on), or if our ESG practices do not live up to our own values or ESG- and sustainability-related goals or that of our clients, then our brand, reputation, and employee retention may be negatively impacted and clients could seek to terminate their contracts. It is possible that clients and stakeholders may not be satisfied with our ESG practices or the speed of their adoption. We could also incur additional costs and require additional resources to monitor, report, and comply with various ESG practices and regulations and to achieve our sustainability goals. Also, our failure, or perceived failure, to manage reputational threats and meet expectations with respect to socially responsible activities and sustainability commitments could negatively impact our brand credibility, employee retention, and the willingness of our customers and suppliers to do business with us.
Further, ESG or sustainability regulations, standards, norms, or metrics are constantly evolving, and the potential cost of compliance is complicated and increased by states adopting or following different approaches. These evolving and inconsistent approaches may negatively impact us with necessitating changes to our program or the manner and nature of our disclosures, our program criteria and practices and substantially increase our cost for compliance and maintenance of our ESG program. Our clients and stakeholders may not agree with our changes or metrics of our ESG program and reduce or terminate our services or require us to make changes to our program at additional and/or substantial costs, all of which could negatively impact our brand, reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.
Determinations under government audits could negatively affect our business or common share price.
We provide services to a US government agency under a contract that provides the agency with the right to audit and review our performance under the contract, our pricing practices, our cost structure, and our compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. If a government audit determines that we are in breach of our contractual terms, or have engaged in improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of the contract, suspension of payments, or disqualification from continuing to do business, or bidding on new business, with this agency and other federal agencies.
Risks related to our Financial Position and Capital Needs
Our future capital needs and growth of our business may depend on access to and the ability to secure financing on favorable terms.
Our business and future growth could depend on our ability to access financing, whether through bank, vendor and commercial lines of credit or raising such through debt or equity securities or a combination of the foregoing. Our access to any new financing depends upon, among other things, on our operating performance, our financial condition and prospects and the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing, including the availability of bank loans and commercial credit in general. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that financing will be available or that we will be able to timely secure financing on favorable terms or at all. Our inability to access new financing could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to fund future growth.
We anticipate incurring significant expenses in the foreseeable future, which may reduce our ability to achieve or maintain profitability.
To reach our business growth objectives, we currently expect to increase our operating, sales and marketing expenses, as well as capital expenditures. To offset these expenses, we will need to generate additional profitable business. If our revenue declines or grows slower than either we anticipate or our clients’ projections indicate, or if our operating, sales and marketing expenses exceed our expectations or cannot be reduced to an appropriate level, we may not generate sufficient revenue to be profitable or be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Additionally, if our revenue declines or grows slower than either we anticipate or our clients’ projections indicate, we may incur unnecessary or redundant costs and our operating results could be adversely affected.
Our financial results may be negatively impacted by impairment in the carrying value of our goodwill.
Goodwill represented approximately $21.3 million of our total assets as of December 31, 2022. The carrying value of goodwill represents the fair value of an acquired business in excess of identifiable assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date. We are required to test goodwill for impairment annually and when factors or indicators become apparent that could reduce the fair value of any of our reporting units below its book value. Such factors requiring an interim test for impairment include financial performance indicators, such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings,
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and a sustained decrease in share price. A significant downward revision in the fair value of one or more of our business units that causes the carrying value to exceed the fair value could cause goodwill to be considered impaired and could result in a non-cash impairment charge in our consolidated statement of operations.
If our estimates relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition, allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, accounting for property, plant and equipment and definite-lived assets, stock-based compensation, income taxes and other contingencies. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.
Our expenses could be adversely impacted by increases in healthcare costs.
We provide healthcare benefits to our employees, which we self-insure. Increased costs of providing such benefits, including potential impact from modifications to healthcare legislation and related regulations, could materially impact our future healthcare costs, which could adversely affect our results and cash flow.
Risks Related to Our Stock
Institutional shareholders hold a significant amount of our common stock and these shareholders may have conflicts of interests with the interests of our other shareholders.
As of December 31, 2022, our top three shareholders (including transcosmos, Inc., our largest shareholder) own or control approximately 37% of the voting power of our common stock. The interests of these shareholders may differ from our other shareholders in material respects. This concentration of voting power of our common stock may make it difficult for our other shareholders to approve or defeat matters that may be submitted for action by our shareholders, including the election of directors and amendments to our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws. This also may have the effect of deterring, delaying, or preventing a change in control, even when such a change in control could benefit our other shareholders. These shareholders may have the power to exert significant influence over our affairs in ways that may be adverse to the interests of our other shareholders.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile. You may not be able to sell your shares at or above the price at which you purchased such shares.
The trading price of our common stock may be subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in operating results, announcements of dividends or material events, general conditions in our industry or the public marketplace and other events or factors, including the thin trading of our common stock. In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility in recent years. This volatility has had a substantial effect on the market prices of securities of many technology-related companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Further, our market price may be impacted by our compliance with the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) listing requirements, in which non-compliance could result in a reduction in our market price or delisting of our stock.
In addition, if our operating results differ from our announced guidance or the expectations of equity research analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decrease significantly.
Our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws, our shareholder rights plan and Delaware law make it difficult for a third party to acquire us, despite the possible benefit to our shareholders.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws, our shareholder rights plan and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our shareholders. For example, our certificate of incorporation permits our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock, which may have rights and preferences superior to those of the common stock. The ability to issue preferred stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring us. We have also adopted a shareholder rights plan. These provisions could discourage
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takeover attempts and could materially adversely affect the price of our stock. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may prohibit large shareholders from consummating a merger with, or acquisition of us. These provisions may prevent a merger or acquisition that could be attractive to shareholders and could limit the price investors would be willing to pay in the future for our common stock.
We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company.
As a public company, we bear significant legal, accounting and compliance costs related to our obligations under the applicable laws, including securities laws requiring the preparation of and distribution of periodic public reports. Our management and other skilled and technical personnel devote a substantial amount of time and incur significant expense in connection with accounting and compliance initiatives.
In addition, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the related rules and regulations implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq increases our legal and financial compliance costs, while also requiring a substantial amount of time of our management and technical personnel, which may divert management’s time and attention from our other business activities.
Our stock price could decline if a significant number of shares become available for sale.
The current and future issuance and/or vesting of shares of our common stock under our outstanding and future stock options, stock awards, performance shares and deferred stock units, sales of substantial amounts of common stock in the public market following the issuance and/or vesting of such shares, and/or the perception that future sales of these shares could occur, could reduce the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to sell equity securities in the future.
Actions of activist shareholders could be disruptive and potentially costly, and the possibility that activist shareholders may seek changes that conflict with our strategic direction could cause uncertainty about the strategic direction of our business.
Activist investors may attempt to effect changes in our strategic direction or our business objectives, or to acquire control or Board representation to advocate corporate actions such as financial restructuring, stock repurchases or sales of assets or the entire company. Activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial conditions, as responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist shareholders can disrupt our operations, be costly and time consuming and divert the attention of our Board and senior management from the pursuit of business strategies. These types of actions could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.
General Risks
In recent years we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting which, if not timely remediated, may adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of our financial statements, and our reputation, business and the price of our common stock, as well as lead to a loss of investor confidence in us.
We are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures in order to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We currently rely on manual processes in some areas which increases our exposure to human error or intervention in reporting our financial results.
Our internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. As described in “Part II -"Item 9A, Controls and Procedures" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in 2022 we remediated material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting that existed at December 31, 2021 that were previously reported in “Part II – Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for December 31, 2021. The material weaknesses identified did not result in any material adjustments or restatements of our audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements or disclosures for any prior period previously reported by the Company.
Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur undetected, and it is possible that additional significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting may be identified in the future. Any failure of our internal controls could result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements, significant deficiencies, material weaknesses, costs, failure to timely meet our periodic reporting obligations, incremental audit fees and further erosion of investor confidence. It would also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.
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We have made, and may make in the future, strategic acquisitions, divestitures or execute other strategic alternatives that may involve significant risks and uncertainties. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of past or future acquisitions and integration of these acquisitions may disrupt our business and divert management attention. Likewise, any future divestitures may be unsuccessful and negatively impact our business.
From time to time, we may seek opportunities to maximize efficiency and value through various transactions including the sale of the Company, assets or businesses, or the pursuit of acquisitions of complementary assets or businesses. These transactions are subject to inherent risks and could:
•cause us to incur significant expenses, increase our operating costs, or potentially harm our business;
•divert management's attention away from other operational matters;
•result in unanticipated costs, assumption of liabilities or exposure to unforeseen liabilities of acquired businesses;
•result in difficulties in integrating the operations, assets and employees of the acquired business;
•affect the market value of our common stock or relationships with third parties upon the announcement or consummation of a proposed transaction;
•reduce cash balances and/or increases our debt obligations to finance activities associated with a transaction, including future payments under earn-outs and other contingent payments, which reduce the availability of cash flow for general corporate or other purposes or impact our financial results;
•result in difficulties in maintaining an effective internal control environment over an acquired business;
•increase risks of entering markets in which we have limited prior experience;
•decrease earnings, revenues or cash flow resulting from dispositions; and
•increase our expenses and working capital requirements.
The process of integrating an acquired business may involve unforeseen costs and delays or other operational, technical and financial difficulties that may require a disproportionate amount of management attention and financial and other resources. Our failure to achieve consolidation savings, to incorporate the acquired businesses and assets into our existing operations successfully or to minimize any unforeseen operational difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Likewise, divestitures of assets or businesses involves a number of risks, including the diversion of management's attention, significant costs and expenses, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, the loss of customer relationships and cash flow, adverse impact on any remaining business and our stock price, and disruption of operations in the affected business. Failure to timely complete or consummate a divestiture may negatively affect valuation of the affected business or result in incremental costs and restructuring charges. In the event an unsuccessful acquisition or divestiture, our competitive position, revenues, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Our business, operations and profitability could be adversely affected as the result of acts of God, natural disasters, pandemics, and/or endemics, political unrest and conflict and other catastrophic events beyond our control, in particular if one or more of our distribution facilities were interrupted or shut down.
Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our distribution facilities, client service centers, computer and telecommunications equipment and software systems against interruption, damage and failures. Our business operations as a whole are subject to serious disruptions, interruption and possible cessation of services by acts of God, natural disasters, fire, tornado, flood, power shortages, political unrest, conflict or war, terrorism, strikes, pandemics and endemics (including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic), equipment malfunctions, system failures and other events beyond our control. These risks beyond our control could result in macroeconomic changes affecting not only us but also our clients and their operations, especially due to changing and divergent views and rising political tensions and conflicts, which may result in adverse and volatile market conditions that may cause a decline in our revenue and increase our costs of operations and negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition as a whole. Additionally, such risks could also adversely affect our relationship with our clients and we may lose these clients and our ability to attract new clients may be adversely affected.
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Although we maintain crisis management and disaster response plans, such events could make it difficult or impossible to support our operations or substantially disrupt our ability for us to deliver our services to our clients, which may be due to (i) the inability of personnel to come to work to perform services, (ii) personnel being incapacitated to work, (iii) third party vendors and suppliers inability to provide materials and/or services required for us to perform our services and/or (iv) a shutdown from a government mandate or local or national threat, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we could incur significantly higher costs during the time it takes for us to reopen or replace any one or more of our facilities, personnel, vendors and/ supplier services which may or may not be reimbursed by insurance.
The global coronavirus pandemic and any new strains of the virus could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has had and continues to cause general business disruption worldwide.
Across our business, we have implemented and continue several key measures to prioritize our employees’ health and safety in response to the pandemic. The majority of our contact center workforce remains in a work-from-home model, and in our distribution centers we continue to implement and adhere to CDC and global health regulations and guidelines.
While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse impact on our operations to date, it is difficult to predict the extent of the potential economic impact, particularly in light of the continuing effects of COVID-19. The continuing economic impact may cause disruptions and severely impact our business or that of our clients including, but not limited to:
•adversely affecting new client wins and the anticipated launch dates of new projects;
•reduced availability and productivity of our employees due to illness, quarantines, absenteeism, government actions, travel restrictions or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic;
•disruption to our or our client’s supply chain and the procurement of products and ability to fulfill orders due to disruptions in our distribution centers;
•increased operational risks as a result of continued remote work arrangements, including the potential effects on internal controls, as well as cybersecurity risks and increased vulnerability to security breaches, information technology disruptions and other similar events;
•increased costs, including increased labor costs, personal protective equipment and increased and enhanced cleaning services; and
•continued volatility in market prices for our securities.
To the extent the duration of any of these conditions continue into the future, such could impact future revenues and the Company’s asset values, including goodwill and intangible assets.
Our insurance policies may not fully cover all losses we may incur.
Although we attempt to limit our liability for damages arising from negligent acts, errors or omissions through contractual provisions, the limitations of liability included in our contracts may not fully protect us from liability or damages and may not be enforceable in all instances. In addition, not all of our contracts may limit our exposure for certain liabilities, such as data security claims or claims of third parties for which we may be required to indemnify our clients. Although we have general liability and errors and omissions insurance coverage, this coverage may not continue to be available on terms reasonable to us or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, and our insurers may disclaim coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that are excluded from our insurance coverage or that exceed our available insurance coverage, or changes in our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 2. Properties
Our headquarters is co-located with our distribution center in Irving, Texas, a Dallas suburb, with aggregate space of more than 115,000 square feet. In the U.S., we operate a distribution facility in Memphis, Tennessee, with space of more than 442,000 square feet. We also operate two additional distribution facilities totaling an aggregate of approximately 650,000 square feet in Southaven, Mississippi. These facilities are located approximately ten miles from the Memphis International Airport. We operate two distribution centers near Las Vegas, Nevada with space of 177,000 square feet and 187,000 square feet, respectively.
Internationally, we have distribution operations in Ontario, Canada, with approximately 132,000 square feet, Southampton, U.K., with approximately 106,000 square feet and Liege, Belgium, with approximately 108,000 square feet.
We also lease an office facility in Bangalore, India. This facility provides primarily technology development, operations and administrative support.
We had customer service centers primarily in Dallas, Texas, Southampton, U.K., and Ontario, Canada, that have transitioned to remote work locations following the COVID-19 pandemic. Our second facility in Las Vegas, Nevada includes on-site call center operations. Our call center technology permits the automatic routing of calls to available customer service representatives in multiple locations.
We lease all of our distribution, office and other facilities under third party leases that generally contain one or more renewal options.
We believe that our facilities are suitable for their purpose, adequate to support their operations, and are in good operating condition.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are not party to any legal proceedings other than routine claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe such claims and lawsuits, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
For information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, refer to “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” included in Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Common Stock
Our common stock is listed, and currently trades, on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PFSW.”
As of March 6, 2023, there were 82 record holders of the common stock.
Dividend Policy
In November 2022, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $4.50 per share. Prior to this dividend, we had never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. The payment of any future cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, future earnings, operations, capital requirements, the general financial condition of the Company and general business conditions. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We believe the following discussion and analysis provides information that is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis will help you understand:
•Overview of our business
•Key events during 2022;
•Our results of operations for 2022, as well as certain projections for the future;
•Our liquidity and capital resources;
•The impact of recently issued accounting standards on our financial statements; and
•Our critical accounting policies and estimates.
Overview
PFS is a premier eCommerce order fulfillment provider for consumer branded manufacturers, internet retailers, and distributors, bringing together technologies, systems and people to create exceptional post-click customer experiences that drive revenue and maximize the impact of its clients’ brands. PFS provides services to support or improve the physical, post-click experience, such as logistics and fulfillment, transportation management, customer care, and order-to-cash services including distributed order orchestration and payment services. We offer our services on an à la carte basis or as a bundled solution. In addition to services provided from our own operating facilities, PFS provides proprietary technology enablement products through RetailConnect from client owned/operated locations to facilitate multi-node, omni-channel and in-store retail commerce. Our clients turn to us to optimize their customer experiences and enhance their traditional and online business channels.
Service Fee Model. We refer to our standard seller services financial model as the Service Fee model. In this model, our clients own the inventory, are the merchants of record, and engage us to provide various infrastructure, technology and digital agency services in support of their business operations. We offer our services as an end-to-end solution, which enables our clients
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to outsource their complete eCommerce needs to a single source and focus on their core competencies, though clients are also able to select individual or groupings of our various service offerings on an à la carte basis.
We currently provide services to clients that operate in a range of vertical markets across DTC and B2B channels. These industries include health, skincare, fragrance and beauty products, cosmetics, fashion apparel and accessories, footwear, luxury goods, consumer packaged goods, coins and collectibles, jewelry, housewares, computer and office products, among others. In the Service Fee model, we typically charge for our services on a time and material basis, a cost-plus basis, a percent of shipped revenue basis, project or retainer basis for our professional services or a per transaction basis, such as a per labor hour basis for web-enabled customer contact center services and a per-item basis for fulfillment services. Additional fees are billed for other services. We price our services based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, our labor costs, the depth and complexity of the services provided, the amount of capital expenditures or systems customization required, order volume, geography served and the length of contract.
Many of our service fee contracts involve third-party vendors who provide additional services, such as package delivery. The costs we are charged by these third-party vendors for these services are often passed on to our clients. Our billings for reimbursements of these costs and other ‘out-of-pocket’ expenses primarily include shipping and handling costs, telecommunication charges and travel and are included in pass-through revenue.
Certain client contracts supported by the LiveArea segment were not fully transferred to the buyer as part of the LiveArea Transaction. Subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction Date, PFS is acting as a prime contractor for these certain client contracts and the related services are being provided by the former LiveArea business as a subcontractor of PFS. The services provided under these client contracts are currently being managed by PFS, and as such, the related service fee revenues, costs of revenues and gross profit previously generated by this LiveArea related activity have been included in our continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2021. Subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction in August 2021, revenue billed and costs incurred under this contractor-subcontractor relationship are recorded as pass-through revenue and pass-through costs for as long as such contracts continue to be managed directly by PFS.
Agent (Flash) Model. As an additional service, we offer the Agent, or Flash, financial model, in which our clients maintain ownership of the product inventory stored at our locations as in the Service Fee model. When a customer orders the product from our clients, a “flash” sale transaction passes product ownership to us for each order and we simultaneously re-sell the product to the customer. The “flash” model establishes us as the merchant of record, which enables us to use our existing merchant infrastructure to process sales to end customers, removing the need for the clients to establish these business processes internally, but permitting them to control the sales process to end customers. In this model, based on the terms of our current client arrangements, we record product revenue net of cost of product revenue as a component of service fee revenue in our consolidated statement of operations.
Retail Model. We also provide a Retail model which allows us to purchase inventory from the client. We place the initial and replenishment purchase orders with the client and take ownership of the product either upon shipment to or delivery to our facility. In this model, depending on the terms of our client arrangements, we may own the inventory and the accounts receivable arising from our product sales. Under the Retail model, depending upon the product category and sales characteristics, we may require the client to provide product price protection as well as product purchase payment terms, right of return, and obsolescence protection appropriate to the product sales profile. Depending on the terms of our client arrangements in the Retail model, we record in our consolidated statement of operations either: 1) product revenue as a component of product revenue, or 2) product revenue net of cost of product revenue as a component of service fee revenue. In general, we seek to structure client relationships in our Retail model under the net revenue approach to more closely align with our service fee revenue financial presentation and mitigate inventory ownership risk. This business model generally requires additional working capital, for which we have credit available through credit terms provided by our clients and these relationships are often driven by the sales and marketing efforts of the manufacturers, retailers, and third-party sales partners.
Pass-through revenue - Revenues earned related to freight distribution services provided by the Company and are fully offset by the cost of pass-through revenues as described below.
Growth is a key element to achieving our future goals, including achieving and maintaining sustainable profitability. Growth in our company is driven by two main elements: new client relationships and organic growth from existing clients. We primarily focus our sales efforts on larger contracts with brand-name companies within four primary target markets of health and beauty, jewelry and collectibles, fashion, and consumer packaged goods. We focus our sales efforts on both new clients and also on existing clients where we believe opportunity exists to expand a client relationship to include additional services and/or services across multiple geographies. We continue to monitor and control our costs to focus on profitability. While we are
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targeting our new service fee contracts to yield incremental gross profit, we also expect to incur incremental investments in technology development, operational and support management and sales and marketing expenses to help generate growth.
Our expenses comprise primarily four categories: 1) cost of service fee revenue, 2) cost of product revenue, 3) cost of pass-through revenue and 4) selling, general and administrative expenses.
Cost of service fee revenue - consists primarily of compensation and related expenses for our web-enabled customer contact center services, international fulfillment and distribution services and professional services, and other fixed and variable expenses directly related to providing services under the terms of fee based contracts, including certain occupancy and information technology costs and depreciation and amortization expenses.
Cost of product revenue - consists of the purchase price of product sold and freight costs, which are reduced by certain reimbursable expenses. These reimbursable expenses include pass-through customer marketing programs, direct costs incurred in passing on any price decreases offered by vendors to cover price protection and certain special bids, the cost of products provided to replace defective product returned by customers and certain other expenses as defined under the distributor agreements.
Cost of pass-through revenue - the related reimbursable costs for pass-through expenditures are reflected as cost of pass-through revenue.
Selling, General and Administrative expenses - consists of expenses such as compensation and related expenses for sales and marketing staff, distribution costs (excluding freight) applicable to certain Retail Model engagements, executive, management and administrative personnel and other overhead costs, including certain occupancy and information technology costs, certain depreciation and amortization expenses, stock compensation expense and restructuring and other costs.
Monitoring and controlling our available cash balances and our expenses continues to be a primary focus. Our cash and liquidity positions are important components of our financing of both current operations and our targeted growth.
Key Events
On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell our LiveArea professional services business unit ("LiveArea") for approximately $250.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments and customary closing conditions including receipt of regulatory approvals (the "LiveArea Transaction"). The LiveArea Transaction closed on August 25, 2021 ("the LiveArea Transaction Date"). As of June 30, 2021, the criteria for reporting LiveArea as a discontinued operation were met; as such, the LiveArea segment has been presented as a discontinued operation beginning with the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021. Unless otherwise specified, the financial information and discussion in this Form 10-K are based on our continuing operations and exclude any results of our discontinued operations (i.e., LiveArea).
See Note 3. Discontinued Operations to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information on our discontinued operations.
On November 4, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors declared (i) a special cash dividend of $4.50 per share to holders of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock of record as of the close of business on December 1, 2022 (the “Special Dividend”), and (ii) a special dividend equivalent of $4.50 per share, to the holders of all equity awards under the Company’s Stock and Incentive Plans, as amended and restated, granted and outstanding as of the close of business on December 1, 2022, payable in cash upon the achievement of applicable performance goals, vesting, and issuance of such equity awards pursuant to their specific terms. The Special Dividend was paid on December 15, 2022 for a total cash payment of $102.1 million to shareholders on record. Certain dividend equivalents were deemed a modification of the stock based award and the Company recognized $1.6 million of incremental compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2022, which is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). At December 31, 2022, the Company had $7.3 million accrued for the dividend equivalents payable, of which $6.9 million and $0.4 million are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
See Note 8. Stock and Stock Options to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information on the Special Dividend.
COVID-19 Pandemic
We continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (and any variants thereof) on all aspects of our business. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse impact on our results of operations to date, the future impacts of new variants of the COVID-19 strain and any continuing and/or additional future economic impacts as a result are still uncertain, especially as the pandemic continues. We have experienced labor rate increases in certain of our markets for fulfillment activities and labor shortages in all markets. We believe this will continue and will impact our overall fulfillment related costs and
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staffing. In the interim, we are leveraging our multi-node network and distributing work to our distribution centers with more available labor and/or lower costs, implementing certain productivity enhancements, working together with our clients to reduce costs, and offsetting the cost increases with price increases where necessary.
We have taken a number of precautionary measures designed to help minimize the risk of the spread of the virus to our employees and adjusted our operations wherever necessary to help ensure a safe environment for our staff across business functions. As a result of the impact of COVID-19, many businesses continue to experience short-term or long-term liquidity issues. Based on our current expectations, we believe we have the appropriate financial structure in place to support our own business operations through the foreseeable future. However, we do expect potential risk from the viability of clients and their ability to make payments on time. We have and will continue to closely monitor our clients’ financial results, payment patterns and business updates in an effort to minimize any potential credit risk impact.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, costs related to the COVID-19 pandemic, excluding hourly wage rate related labor cost increases, were not material. We will continue to monitor these for potential impacts to future cash flow.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted and signed into law. The Company made use of the allowance granted under section 2302 of the CARES Act, which permits employers to forgo timely payment of the employer portions of Social Security and RRTA taxes that would otherwise be due from March 27 through December 31, 2020, without penalty or interest charges. We elected this option and it resulted in deferred payments totaling $3.7 million in calendar year 2020, of which half was due and paid in December 2021 and the remainder was due and paid in December 2022. Similarly, the U.K. and Belgium governments had granted businesses the option to defer the payment of certain value-added tax ("VAT") amounts. We elected to take advantage of the options available to us but the effects were immaterial and all amounts were fully paid as of December 31, 2022.
Operating Results
The following table discloses certain financial information about our continuing operations for the periods presented, and excludes results of our discontinued operations. The financial information is expressed in terms of dollars, dollar change, percentage change and as a percentage of total revenues (in thousands, except percentages):
| Change | % of Total Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ | % | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service fee revenue | $ | 200,034 | $ | 195,516 | $ | 4,518 | 2.3 | % | 67.8 | % | 70.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product revenue, net | 3,333 | 17,612 | (14,279) | (81.1) | % | 1.1 | % | 6.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass-through revenue | 91,755 | 64,174 | 27,581 | 43.0 | % | 31.1 | % | 23.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 295,122 | 277,302 | 17,820 | 6.4 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of service fee revenue | 156,365 | 146,311 | 10,054 | 6.9 | % | 78.2 | % | (1) | 74.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of product revenue | 3,059 | 16,580 | (13,521) | (81.6) | % | 91.8 | % | (2) | 94.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of pass-through revenue | 91,755 | 64,174 | 27,581 | 43.0 | % | 100.0 | % | (3) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of revenues | 251,179 | 227,065 | 24,114 | 10.6 | % | 85.1 | % | 81.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service fee gross profit | 43,669 | 49,205 | (5,536) | (11.3) | % | 21.8 | % | (1) | 25.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product revenue gross profit | 274 | 1,032 | (758) | (73.4) | % | 8.2 | % | (2) | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | 43,943 | 50,237 | (6,294) | (12.5) | % | 14.9 | % | 18.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 63,957 | 61,040 | 2,917 | 4.8 | % | 21.7 | % | 22.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (20,014) | (10,803) | (9,211) | 85.3 | % | (6.8) | % | (3.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest (income) expense, net | (1,426) | 879 | (2,305) | (262.2) | % | (0.5) | % | 0.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | 426 | (426) | — | % | — | % | 0.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | (18,588) | (12,108) | (6,480) | 53.5 | % | (6.3) | % | (4.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense, net | 1,617 | 1,530 | 87 | 5.7 | % | 0.5 | % | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | (20,205) | $ | (13,638) | $ | (6,567) | 48.2 | % | (6.8) | % | (4.9) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents the percentage of Service fee revenue.
(2)Represents the percentage of Product revenue, net. See discussion on the following page on Product Revenue decrease due to Ricoh business change.
(3)Represents the percentage of Pass-through revenue.
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Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $17.8 million compared with the prior year. Service fee revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $4.5 million compared to the prior year. Excluding the impact on service fee revenue of certain contracts shared with LiveArea in the prior year periods (as described below), the Company's service fee revenue increased $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increases in service fee revenue were primarily driven by new client activity and expansion of existing client relationships that were partially offset by the impact of certain client terminations and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.
Certain client contracts supported by the LiveArea segment were not fully transferred to the buyer as part of the LiveArea Transaction. Subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction Date, PFS is acting as a prime contractor for these certain client contracts and the related services are being provided by the former LiveArea business as a subcontractor of PFS. The services provided under these client contracts are currently being managed by PFS, and as such, the related service fee revenues, costs of revenues and gross profit previously generated by this LiveArea related activity have been included in our continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2021. Subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction in August 2021, revenue billed and costs incurred under this contractor-subcontractor relationship are recorded as pass-through revenue and pass-through costs for as long as such contracts continue to be managed directly by PFS. As of December 31, 2022, there is only one remaining contract relationship where LiveArea continues to operate as a subcontractor to PFS. Service fee revenues generated under these contracts applicable to our former LiveArea segment of $8.8 million is included in service fee revenue in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021, with no service fee revenues for these contracts in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Product revenue, net, for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by $14.3 million compared with the prior year. Product revenue declined as it was primarily dependent on one client, Ricoh, which restructured its operations and discontinued certain product lines. Effective March 2022, our agreement with Ricoh was terminated and as a result our product revenue model with this client was discontinued.
Pass-through revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $27.6 million compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily due to increased freight activity (the primary component of pass-through revenue) applicable to certain client accounts and the increase of approximately $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year from pass-through revenue of certain contracts shared with LiveArea (as noted above).
Gross margin decreased to 14.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 18.1% in the prior year. The decreased gross margin is due to a decrease of our service fee margin to 21.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 25.2% in the prior year, primarily as a result of increased fulfillment labor costs, which were partially offset by certain price increases. We continue to implement actions to offset labor costs, including leveraging our multi-node network and distributing work to our centers with more available labor and/or lower costs, implementing certain productivity enhancements, working with our clients to reduce costs, and offsetting the cost increases with price increases where necessary. Additionally, our comparative gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2022 versus the prior year was negatively impacted by reduced levels of both technology-related project activity and other higher margin non-fulfillment related activity, as well as the negative gross margin impact of the LiveArea related contract activity which generated gross margin in the prior year and, as described above, subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction was accounted for as pass-through revenue and pass through costs in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.6 million loss recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as a result of an early lease termination of our corporate headquarters in Allen, Texas to reduce corporate overhead costs going forward, professional fees and other costs related to regaining SEC filing compliance, a reduction in other income applicable to the transition services agreement related to the LiveArea Transaction included in the prior year period and costs related to the Company's ongoing strategic alternatives assessment process. These increases were substantially offset by a decrease in salaries and wages due to reduction in personnel and a decrease in unallocated facility related expenses due to increased utilization.
Income Taxes
For the year ended December 31, 2022, loss from continuing operations before income taxes was $18.6 million and income tax expense was $1.6 million resulting in an effective tax rate of (8.7)%. For the year ended December 31, 2021, loss from continuing operations before income taxes was $12.1 million and income tax expense was $1.5 million resulting in an effective tax rate of (12.6)%. The variation in effective tax rates from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was primarily due to state and foreign tax expense.
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Discontinued Operations
See Note 3. Discontinued Operations to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding discontinued operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2022, we have $30.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, no bank debt outstanding, only $0.1 million of finance lease obligations and $7.3 million of dividend equivalents payable as described below. Our cash position is expected to satisfy our known operating cash needs, working capital and capital expenditure requirements, lease obligations, and loans to our subsidiaries, if needed, and expected distributions to shareholders for at least the next twelve months. However, our cash position could be impacted by the overall economic environment and its impact on our business activity, the increasing labor costs as a result of labor market shortages or inflation, our ability to adjust our overall cost structure to support a smaller remaining business following the completion of the LiveArea Transaction, and costs related to the Company's ongoing strategic alternatives assessment process.
On November 4, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors declared (i) a special cash dividend of $4.50 per share to holders of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock of record as of the close of business on December 1, 2022 (the “Special Dividend”), and (ii) a special dividend equivalent of $4.50 per share, to the holders of all equity awards under the Company’s Stock and Incentive Plans, as amended and restated, granted and outstanding as of the close of business on December 1, 2022, payable in cash upon the achievement of applicable performance goals, vesting, and issuance of such equity awards pursuant to their specific terms. The Special Dividend was paid on December 15, 2022 for a total cash payment of $102.1 million. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $7.3 million accrued for the dividend equivalents payable, of which $6.9 million and $0.4 million are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
To obtain any necessary additional financing in the future, in addition to our current cash position, we continue to evaluate our needs in light of various financing alternatives potentially available including the sale of equity, utilizing capital or operating leases, or entering into new debt agreements. No assurances can be given we will be successful in obtaining any additional financing or the terms thereof. We currently believe our cash position and funds generated from operations will satisfy our presently known operating cash needs, our working capital and capital expenditure requirements, our current debt and lease obligations, and additional loans to our subsidiaries, if necessary, for at least the next twelve months.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in operations was $7.6 million compared to net cash used in operations of $42.7 million in the prior year. The cash used in operations in the prior year includes $35.8 million of income tax payments primarily related to the LiveArea Transaction. The years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 both included a net cash use related to operations before changes in operating assets and liabilities. Such cash use increased in both periods by the net impact of changes in assets and liabilities, primarily related to the amount and timing of client revenue billings and collections and vendor purchasing and payment activity, all of which fluctuated during our seasonal peak periods.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to cash provided by investing activities of $228.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, which included $236.4 million proceeds from LiveArea Transaction, net of cash divested. Capital expenditures were $10.4 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, exclusive of property and equipment acquired under debt and finance lease financing, which consisted primarily of technology and fulfillment related equipment purchases. Capital expenditures have historically consisted of additions to upgrade our management information systems, development of customized technology solutions to support and integrate with our service fee clients and general expansion and upgrades to our facilities, both domestic and foreign. We expect to incur capital expenditures to support new facilities, contracts and anticipated future growth opportunities. Based on our current client business activity and our targeted growth plans, we anticipate our total investment in additions and upgrades to facilities and information technology solutions and services for the upcoming twelve months, including costs to implement new clients, will be approximately $8.0 million to $10.0 million, although additional capital expenditures may be necessary to support the infrastructure requirements of new clients. To maintain our current operating cash position, a portion of these expenditures may be financed through client reimbursements, debt, operating or finance leases or equity financing.
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in financing activities was $103.8 million primarily resulting from the $102.1 million special cash dividend payment in December 2022 and $2.3 million taxes paid on behalf of employees on shares issued under stock-based compensation awards. Cash used in financing activities was $44.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily driven by the repayment of the Company's Credit Agreement with Regions Bank with proceeds from the LiveArea Transaction.
Working Capital
During the year ended December 31, 2022, our working capital decreased to $42.1 million compared to $165.1 million at December 31, 2021, which was primarily driven by the $102.1 million special cash dividend payment in December 2022, losses incurred from operations, $10.4 million of capital expenditures and $2.3 million of tax withholding on shares issued under stock-based compensation awards in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Lease Obligations
Other than our finance and operating lease commitments, we do not have any other material financial commitments, although future client contracts may require capital expenditures and lease commitments to support the services provided to such clients.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 “Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for our discussion about new accounting pronouncements adopted and those pending.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While we do not believe the reported amounts would be materially different, application of these policies involves the exercise of judgment and the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. If there is a significant unfavorable change to current conditions, it could result in a material adverse impact to our business, operating results and financial condition. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. All of our significant accounting policies are disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
We have defined a critical accounting estimate as one that is both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and requires us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments or estimates about matters that are uncertain. During the past two years, we have not made any material changes in accounting methodology used to establish the critical accounting estimates discussed below. The following represent certain critical accounting policies that require us to exercise our business judgment or make significant estimates. In addition, there are other items within our consolidated financial statements that require estimation but are not deemed critical as defined above.
Revenue Recognition
We derive revenue primarily from services provided under contractual arrangements with our clients or, to a lesser extent, from the sale of products under our distributor agreements. We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our clients and customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
We will often enter into contracts with clients and customers that contain multiple promises to transfer control of multiple products and/or services. To the extent a contract includes provisioning multiple products or services, we apply judgment to determine whether promised deliverables are capable of being distinct and are distinct in the context of the contract. If these
32
criteria are not met, sales of different products or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. For arrangements with multiple distinct performance obligations, we allocate consideration among the performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling price is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to our client and customers.
The Company may execute more than one contract or agreement with a single customer. The separate contracts or agreements may be viewed as one combined arrangement or separate agreements for revenue recognition purposes. In order to reach appropriate conclusions regarding whether such agreements should be combined, the Company evaluates whether the agreements were negotiated as a package with a single commercial objective, whether the amount of consideration to be paid in one agreement depends on the price and/or performance of another agreement, or whether the good or services promised in the agreements represent a single performance obligation. The conclusions reached can impact the identification of distinct performance obligations, allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation and the timing of revenue recognition related to those arrangements
Our service fee revenue primarily relates to our order to cash, fulfillment, customer care, consulting and technology services.
We typically charge our service fee revenue on either a cost-plus basis, a percent of shipped revenue basis, a time and materials basis, project or retainer basis for our professional services, or a per transaction basis, such as a per item basis for fulfillment services or a per labor hour basis for web-enabled customer contact center services. Additional fees are billed for other services. For technology services, we typically charge on a fixed cost basis based on an estimated maximum number of professional service labor hours or bill for each professional labor hour at a per hour price.
Our performance obligations typically consist of standing ready to provide a service over a contract term. As such, our performance obligations within service fee revenue across the company are generally transferred to clients over time. A time-elapsed output measure is used to determine progress, with individual time increments representing a single series performance obligation. Variable consideration, including discounts, rebates, incentives, penalties and other similar items, charged within these contracts is allocated to the individual reporting period in which the service was provided. The Company has determined that the above method provides a reasonable depiction of the transfer of services to the client.
We perform set-up and integration services to support our fulfillment activities. When we determine these set-up and integration services do not meet the criteria for recognition as a separate performance obligation, any start up fees received represent a non-refundable up-front fee and are allocated to the other performance obligations within that contract. The Company recognizes revenue for non-refundable upfront implementation fees on a straight-line basis over the period between the initiation of the services through the end of the contract term or estimated client benefit period, if longer. Related costs are capitalized as costs to fulfill the contract and are recognized over the expected performance period.
For contracts recognized over time, we recognize the estimated loss to the extent the project has been completed based on actual hours incurred compared to the total estimated hours. A loss is recognized when the current estimate of the consideration we expect to receive, modified to include any variable consideration, is less than the current estimate of total costs for the contract.
In instances where revenue is derived from sales of third-party vendor services, we record revenue on a gross basis when we are a principal to the transaction and net of costs when we are acting as an agent between the customer or client and the vendor. Whether we are the principal or agent in the transaction is determined by whether we control the service being provided.
Depending on the terms of the customer arrangement, product revenue is recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer. This is either upon shipment of the product or when the customer receives the product. Product revenue is reported net of estimated variable consideration related to returns and allowances, which are estimated based upon historical return information. Management also considers any other current information and trends in making estimates. If actual sales returns, allowances and discounts are greater than estimated by management, additional expense may be incurred.
Stock Compensation
We utilize our Company’s Stock and Incentive Plans, as amended and restated, (the "Employee Plans") to help attract, retain and incentivize qualified executives, key employees and non-employee directors to increase our shareholder value and help build and sustain growth. The Employee Plans provide for the granting of incentive awards in a variety of forms, such as the
33
award of an option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit, deferred stock unit, among other stock-based awards.
Compensation cost is measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Depending on the conditions associated with the vesting of the award, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line or graded basis, net of actual forfeitures as they occur, over the requisite service period of each award.
We estimate the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For certain of the awards that have a market condition, we estimate the compensation cost using a Monte-Carlo simulation. The estimated fair value for awards involves assumptions for expected dividend yield, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rates and the expected life of the award.
If, in the future, we determine that another method of estimating an award’s fair value is more reasonable, or, if another method for calculating these input assumptions is prescribed by authoritative guidance, and, therefore, should be used to estimate expected volatility or expected term, the fair value calculated for our stock-based compensation could change significantly.
Income Taxes
The liability method is used for determining our income taxes, under which current and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recorded in accordance with enacted tax laws and rates. Under this method, the amounts of deferred tax liabilities and assets at the end of each period are determined using the tax rate expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to their net realizable value when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining the need for valuation allowances, we have considered and made judgments and estimates regarding estimated future taxable income. These estimates and judgments include some degree of uncertainty and changes in these estimates and assumptions could require us to adjust the valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions. Although we believe our estimates and judgments are reasonable, actual results may differ, which could be material.
Because we operate in multiple countries, we are subject to the jurisdiction of multiple domestic and foreign tax authorities. Determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events such as the amount, timing and character of deductions, permissible revenue recognition methods under the tax law and the sources and character of income and tax credits. Changes in tax laws, regulations, foreign currency exchange restrictions or our level of operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact on the amount of income taxes that we provide during any given year.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable.
34
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | |||||
| PFSweb, Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Whitley Penn, LLP, PCAOB ID: 726) | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (BDO USA, LLP, PCAOB ID: 243) | |||||
35
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Shareholders
PFSweb, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of PFSweb, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 14, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/ Whitley Penn, LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.
Dallas, Texas
March 14, 2023
36
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Shareholders and Board of Directors
PFSweb, Inc.
Irving, TX
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of PFSweb, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor from 2015 to 2022.
Dallas, Texas
May 9, 2022
37
PFSWEB, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31
(In thousands, except share data)
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 30,034 | $ | 152,332 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | — | 214 | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $365 and $867 at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively | 82,540 | 78,024 | |||||||||
| Inventories, net of reserves of $— and $57 at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively | — | 3,133 | |||||||||
| Other receivables | 9,578 | 7,005 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 7,665 | 7,244 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 129,817 | 247,952 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 20,888 | 19,315 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 30,841 | 35,370 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 21,310 | 22,218 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 1,806 | 1,611 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 204,662 | $ | 326,466 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | $ | 38,518 | $ | 36,450 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | 36,973 | 31,643 | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 8,284 | 10,104 | |||||||||
| Current portion of finance lease obligations | 72 | 222 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 3,906 | 4,391 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 87,753 | 82,810 | |||||||||
| Finance lease obligations, less current portion | 22 | 89 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, less current portion | 870 | 833 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 25,478 | 30,393 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 4,315 | 2,565 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 118,438 | 116,690 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $1.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | — | — | |||||||||
| Common stock, $0.001 par value; 35,000,000 shares authorized; 22,725,116 and 22,131,546 issued at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and 22,691,649 and 22,098,079 outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively | 23 | 21 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 180,353 | 177,511 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | (90,893) | 33,522 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,134) | (1,153) | |||||||||
| Treasury stock at cost, 33,467 shares | (125) | (125) | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 86,224 | 209,776 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 204,662 | $ | 326,466 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
38
PFSWEB, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(In thousands, except per share data)
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Service fee revenue | $ | 200,034 | $ | 195,516 | |||||||
| Product revenue, net | 3,333 | 17,612 | |||||||||
| Pass-through revenue | 91,755 | 64,174 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | 295,122 | 277,302 | |||||||||
| Costs of Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Cost of service fee revenue | 156,365 | 146,311 | |||||||||
| Cost of product revenue | 3,059 | 16,580 | |||||||||
| Cost of pass-through revenue | 91,755 | 64,174 | |||||||||
| Total costs of revenues | 251,179 | 227,065 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 43,943 | 50,237 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 63,957 | 61,040 | |||||||||
| Loss from operations | (20,014) | (10,803) | |||||||||
| Interest (income) expense, net | (1,426) | 879 | |||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | 426 | |||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | (18,588) | (12,108) | |||||||||
| Income tax expense, net | 1,617 | 1,530 | |||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | (20,205) | (13,638) | |||||||||
| Income from discontinued operations before income taxes | 180 | 196,508 | |||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense, net | (3,467) | 35,636 | |||||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations | 3,647 | 160,872 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (16,558) | $ | 147,234 | |||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share: | |||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations per share | $ | (0.89) | $ | (0.64) | |||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations per share | 0.16 | 7.51 | |||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.73) | $ | 6.87 | |||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share: | |||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations per share | $ | (0.89) | $ | (0.64) | |||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations per share | 0.16 | 7.51 | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.73) | $ | 6.87 | |||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
| Basic | 22,664 | 21,410 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 22,664 | 21,410 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (16,558) | $ | 147,234 | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes | (1,981) | (497) | |||||||||
| Reclassifications of foreign currency translation adjustment realized upon disposal of business | — | (327) | |||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (18,539) | $ | 146,410 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
39
PFSWEB, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Total Shareholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | 20,408,558 | $ | 20 | $ | 168,244 | $ | (113,712) | $ | (329) | 33,467 | $ | (125) | $ | 54,098 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 147,234 | — | — | — | 147,234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 9,398 | — | — | — | — | 9,398 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 526,467 | — | 3,030 | — | — | — | — | 3,030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares under stock-based compensation awards | 1,196,521 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes paid on behalf of employees for withheld shares | — | — | (3,161) | — | — | — | — | (3,161) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes | — | — | — | — | (824) | — | — | (824) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | 22,131,546 | $ | 21 | $ | 177,511 | $ | 33,522 | $ | (1,153) | 33,467 | (125) | $ | 209,776 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (16,558) | — | — | — | (16,558) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 4,321 | — | — | — | — | 4,321 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 137,287 | — | 777 | — | — | — | — | 777 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares under stock-based compensation awards | 456,283 | 2 | (2) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes paid on behalf of employees for withheld shares | — | — | (2,254) | — | — | — | — | (2,254) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock dividend | — | — | — | (102,112) | — | — | — | (102,112) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared | — | — | — | (5,745) | — | — | — | (5,745) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes | — | — | — | — | (1,981) | — | — | (1,981) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | 22,725,116 | $ | 23 | $ | 180,353 | $ | (90,893) | $ | (3,134) | 33,467 | $ | (125) | $ | 86,224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
40
PFSWEB, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(In thousands)
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (16,558) | $ | 147,234 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 7,556 | 8,074 | |||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 426 | |||||||||
| Gain on LiveArea Transaction | (180) | (200,817) | |||||||||
| Loss on lease modification | 1,624 | — | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 986 | 2,527 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 5,928 | 9,398 | |||||||||
| Other | 132 | 132 | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (5,854) | (19,243) | |||||||||
| Inventories | 3,126 | 481 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses, other receivables and other assets | (3,327) | (1,851) | |||||||||
| Operating leases | (3,728) | 11 | |||||||||
| Trade accounts payable, deferred revenue, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,720 | 10,977 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (7,575) | (42,651) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (10,355) | (7,614) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from LiveArea Transaction, net of cash divested | — | 236,358 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 41 | 45 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided (used) by investing activities | (10,314) | 228,789 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | 777 | 3,030 | |||||||||
| Taxes paid on behalf of employees for withheld shares | (2,254) | (3,161) | |||||||||
| Common stock dividend | (102,112) | — | |||||||||
| Payments on finance lease obligations | (191) | (871) | |||||||||
| Payments on revolving loan | — | (160,181) | |||||||||
| Borrowings on revolving loan | — | 126,681 | |||||||||
| Payments on other debt | — | (10,051) | |||||||||
| Borrowings on other debt | — | 49 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (103,780) | (44,504) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (843) | (53) | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (122,512) | 141,581 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 152,332 | 10,359 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash, beginning of period | 214 | 214 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, beginning of period | — | 392 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 152,546 | 10,965 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 30,034 | 152,332 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash, end of period | — | 214 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 30,034 | $ | 152,546 | |||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information | |||||||||||
| Cash received for income taxes | $ | 4,827 | $ | — | |||||||
| Cash received for interest income | 1,518 | 24 | |||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | 7,192 | 35,776 | |||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | 10 | 766 | |||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment acquired under long-term debt and finance leases | 13 | 2,193 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets acquired under operating lease liabilities | 6,884 | 16,811 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
41
PFSWEB, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Overview and Basis of Presentation
Description of the Company
PFSweb, Inc. and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company,” "PFSweb," "PFS," “us,” “we” or “our.”
PFSweb is a global provider of omni-channel commerce solutions, including a broad range of technology, infrastructure and professional services, to major brand name companies and others seeking to optimize their supply chain and to enhance their online and traditional business channels and initiatives in the United States, Canada and Europe. PFSweb's service offerings include order fulfillment, fulfillment-as-a-service, order management and customer care.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for all periods presented and include the accounts of the Company and its majority owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control.
In July 2021, we announced an agreement to sell our LiveArea Professional Services business unit ("LiveArea") and the divestiture was completed on August 25, 2021 ("the LiveArea Transaction"). All periods presented in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (this "Form 10-K") present LiveArea as a discontinued operation. See Note 3. Discontinued Operations for additional information on our sale of LiveArea.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The recognition and allocation of certain revenues, costs of revenues, and selling, general and administrative expenses in these consolidated financial statements also require management estimates and assumptions.
Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be applicable and reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes. These changes have been included in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they became known. In addition, management is periodically faced with uncertainties, the outcomes of which are not within its control and will not be known for prolonged periods of time. Based on a critical assessment of accounting policies and the underlying judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, management believes the Company’s consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and provide a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
Revenue and Cost Recognition
The Company derives revenue primarily from services provided under contractual arrangements with our clients or, to a lesser extent, from the sale of products under our distributor agreements. The majority of our revenue is derived from contracts and projects that can span from a few months to three to five years.
The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to its clients and customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Control
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is transferred to a client or customer when, or as, the client or customer obtains control over that asset. The transaction price includes fixed and, in certain contracts, variable consideration.
Variable consideration contained within our contracts includes discounts, rebates, incentives, penalties and other similar items. When a contract includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the variable consideration to determine whether any of it needs to be constrained. The Company includes the variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. We estimate variable consideration and constraints based on our review of the contract terms and conditions. Variable consideration and constraint amounts also consider the most likely amounts based on our history with the customer. If no history is available, then we will recognize the most likely amount based on the range of possible consideration amounts. Variable consideration was not significant for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Variable consideration and constraints are updated at each reporting date.
The Company’s billings for reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses related to our Service Fee Revenues, consisting primarily of freight and shipping supplies, are included in pass-through revenues. Other items included in pass-through revenues include revenue billed by PFS related to services provided by LiveArea, travel and certain third-party vendor expenses such as telecommunication charges. These other pass-through revenues are not deemed a material percentage of total revenues. In certain of our contracts, our clients elect to handle their shipping related costs directly with the carriers. Therefore, we present pass-through revenues separately, as we believe it provides better transparency to our core services.
Incremental costs to obtain a contract (such as sales commissions) are expensed when incurred when the amortization period is one year or less; otherwise, incremental contract costs are expensed over time as promised goods and services are transferred to a customer. Recurring operating costs for contracts with clients and customers are recognized as incurred. Certain eligible, nonrecurring costs incurred in the initial phases of our contracts are considered contract assets and capitalized when such costs (1) relate directly to the contract, (2) generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying the performance obligation in the future and (3) are expected to be recovered. Contract asset amounts are included in property and equipment, other current assets, or other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and are monitored regularly for impairment.
The Company enters into contracts with clients and customers that contain multiple promises to transfer control of multiple products and/or services. To the extent a contract includes provisioning multiple products or services, judgment is applied to determine whether promised deliverables are distinct and are distinct in the context of the contract. If this criterion is not met, sales of different products or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. For arrangements with multiple distinct performance obligations, consideration is allocated among the performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling price is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to the client or customer. Our warranties generally provide a client or customer with assurance that the related deliverable will function as the parties intended because it complies with agreed-upon specifications and is therefore not considered an additional performance obligation in the contract.
The Company may execute more than one contract or agreement with a single client or customer. The separate contracts or agreements may be viewed as one combined arrangement or separate agreements for revenue recognition purposes. In order to reach appropriate conclusions regarding whether such agreements should be combined, the Company evaluates whether the agreements were negotiated as a package with a single commercial objective, whether the amount of consideration to be paid in one agreement depends on the price and/or performance of another agreement, or whether the good or services promised in the agreements represent a single performance obligation. The conclusions reached can impact the identification of distinct performance obligations, allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation and the timing of revenue recognition related to those arrangements.
For contracts recognized over time, we recognize the estimated loss to the extent the project has been completed based on actual hours incurred compared to the total estimated hours. A loss is recognized when the current estimate of the consideration we expect to receive, modified to include any variable consideration, is less than the current estimate of total costs for the contract.
Service Fee Revenue
The Company’s service fee revenue primarily relates to our order to cash, fulfillment, and customer care services. The Company typically charges its service fee revenue on either a time and materials, fixed price, cost-plus a margin, a percent of shipped revenue, or retainer basis for professional services, or a per transaction basis, such as a per item basis for fulfillment services or a per labor hour basis for customer contact center services. Additional fees are billed for other services.
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Product Revenue
Depending on the terms of the customer arrangement, product revenue and product cost is recognized at the point the customer gains control of the asset. The specific point in time when control transfers depends on the contract with the customer. Typically, our terms are Freight on Board (“FOB”) shipping point, which we believe to be indicative of when control is transferred. We permit our customers to return product. Product revenue is reported net of projected future returns. Future returns are estimated based on historical return information. Management also considers any other current information and trends in making estimates.
Gross versus Net Revenue
In instances where revenue is derived from product sales from a third-party, we record revenue on a gross basis when we are a principal to the transaction and net of costs when we are acting as an agent between the customer or client and the vendor. We are the principal and record revenue on a gross basis if we control a promised good or service before transferring that good or service to the customer. We are an agent and record revenue on a net basis for what we retain for agency services if our role is to arrange for another entity to control the promised goods or services.
Practical expedients
Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") allows entities to use several practical expedients, including the as-invoiced practical expedient, determining whether a significant financing component exists, treatment of sales and usage-based taxes, and the recognition of certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a client or customer. Contracts of less than a year with a financing component will be expensed in that period as a practical expedient. Our current contracts do not have a financing component. Commissions on contracts of less than one year will be expensed as a practical expedient. Commissions will be capitalized on contracts over one year. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not have any material commissions on contracts in excess of one year. We present our revenues net of sales and usage-based tax as a practical expedient.
Contract modifications
Contract modifications are routine in our industry. For each modification, the Company assesses whether the modification changes the scope and or price of the original agreement and whether those changes are commensurate with stand-alone selling price. Based on the results of this assessment, the Company either accounts for the modification as a separate contract, as a change in the original contract, or as a termination of the old contract and creation of a new contract in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-12.
Concentration of Business and Credit Risk
During 2022, two clients each represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues. These clients each represented $34.7 million, or 12%, of total revenues. During 2021, two clients each represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues. These clients represented $37.6 million, or 14%, and $31.6 million, or 11%, of total revenues. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, one client exceeded 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at each period end.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are defined as short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities, when acquired, of three months or less. At times, the Company has cash balances in domestic bank accounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these cash concentrations.
Accounts Receivable
The Company recognizes revenue and records trade accounts receivable, pursuant to the methods described above, when collectability is reasonably assured. Collectability is evaluated in the aggregate and on an individual customer or client basis taking into consideration payment due date, historical payment trends, current financial position, results of independent credit evaluations and payment terms. Related reserves are determined by either using percentages applied to certain aged receivable categories based on historical results, reevaluated and adjusted as additional information is received, or a specific identification method. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts.
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Other Receivables
As of December 31, 2022, other receivables primarily include state income tax and value added tax receivables. As of December 31, 2021, other receivables primarily include amounts due from Ricoh for costs incurred by the Company under the distributor agreements and value added tax receivables.
Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment" when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of our long lived-assets might not be recoverable. The recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the estimated expected future undiscounted cash flows from the asset and the carrying amount of the asset. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded. The impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount. Fair value is generally determined based on discounted cash flows or appraised values, as appropriate. During the year ended December 31, 2022, no material impairment losses were identified.
Property and Equipment
The Company makes judgments and estimates in conjunction with the carrying value of property and equipment, including amounts to be capitalized, depreciation and amortization methods and useful lives. Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the related asset or the remaining lease term.
Capitalized Software Development Costs - Internal use software
The Company capitalizes development and acquisition costs associated with internal use software when both the preliminary project stage is completed and it is probable the software being developed will be completed and placed in service. Capitalized costs include only (i) external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use software, (ii) payroll and other related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use software project and (iii) interest costs incurred, when material, while developing internal-use software. Capitalization of such costs is ceased no later than the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Software costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected life of the software, generally three to five years. Such amounts are recorded within property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets.
The carrying value of capitalized internal use software and development costs is reviewed for impairment in accordance with our policy pertaining to the impairment of long-lived assets.
Leases
Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of an arrangement where it is determined at inception that a lease exists. Lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to discount payments to the present value. Some of these leases contain rent escalation clauses either fixed or adjusted periodically for inflation or market rates that are factored into our determination of lease payments. We also have variable lease payments that do not depend on a rate or index, primarily for items such as common area maintenance and real estate taxes, which are recorded as variable costs when incurred. The lease asset excludes incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.
Our operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Our finance leases are included in property and equipment and current and long term finance lease obligations on the consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. The expense for these short-term leases and operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and have elected to combine as a single lease component. In addition, we utilized the portfolio approach to group leases with similar characteristics and did not use hindsight to determine lease term.
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Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized to operations, but instead are reviewed for impairment at least annually on October 1, or more frequently when there is an indicator of impairment. Goodwill impairment exists when a reporting unit’s goodwill carrying value exceeds its implied fair value. The Company has no intangible asset with indefinite useful lives, other than goodwill.
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) Topic 350: Testing Goodwill for Impairment (“ASU Topic 350”) permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the one-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. When performing the qualitative analysis, an entity evaluates relevant events and circumstances, including but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance, reporting unit specific events and entity specific events. If, after completing the qualitative analysis, an entity concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it would not be required to perform the one-step quantitative impairment test for that reporting unit.
In the event that based on the results of the qualitative analysis, it is concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset exceeds its carrying value, the one-step quantitative impairment test is performed. Under the quantitative test, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company records an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over the related fair value. Fair value of the reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis.
If the Company is required to perform the quantitative test described in the preceding paragraph, it would determine fair value using generally accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flows and market multiple analyses. These types of analyses contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate industry economic factors and the profitability of future business strategies.
The Company’s valuation methodology for assessing impairment would require management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and projections of future operating performance. If these assumptions differ materially from future results, the Company may record impairment charges in the future.
Accrued Expenses
The Company had $37.0 million and $31.6 million of accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Of these amounts, internal and contract labor costs and related employee benefit costs were approximately $13.8 million and $14.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $6.9 million accrued for the current portion of dividend equivalents payable. See Note 8. Stock and Stock Options for additional information on dividend equivalents.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The functional currency of each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is its local currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the end of the period and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates on a monthly basis. Translation adjustments are accumulated and reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.
The Company includes currency gains and losses on short-term intercompany advances in the determination of net income and loss. The Company reports gains and losses on intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment nature as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company uses stock-based compensation, including stock options, restricted stock, deferred stock units and other market and performance stock-based awards to provide long-term performance incentives for its executives, key employees and non-employee directors. Stock based compensation cost is measured based on the grant date fair value. Depending on the conditions associated with the vesting of the award, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line or graded basis, net of actual forfeitures, over the requisite service period of each award. The Company records compensation cost as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
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The Company estimates the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and estimates the compensation cost for certain of the awards that have a market condition using a Monte-Carlo simulation. The estimated fair value for awards involves assumptions for expected dividend yield, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rates and the expected life of the award. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to certain tax positions in income tax expense and monitors uncertain tax positions and recognizes tax benefits only when management believes the relevant tax positions would more likely than not be sustained upon examination.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with ASC 825, Financial Instruments, fair value is determined utilizing a hierarchy of valuation techniques. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.
The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, and trade accounts payable, approximate their fair values at December 31, 2022 and 2021 based on short terms to maturity or current market prices and interest rates or observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
The purchase price of business acquisitions is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition dates, with any excess recorded as goodwill. The Company utilizes Level 3 inputs in the determination of the initial fair value of assets and liabilities. Non-financial assets such as goodwill, intangible assets, software development costs and property and equipment are subsequently measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized.
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," ("ASU 2016-13") which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019 for all public entities, excluding smaller reporting companies, and after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies. It requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023 and the adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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3. Discontinued Operations
On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell LiveArea. As of June 30, 2021, the Company met the criteria set forth in ASC 205-20, "Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations," therefore, the LiveArea segment has been presented as a discontinued operation beginning with the Company's June 30, 2021 Form 10-Q and is reported as a discontinued operation in this Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
As a result of the LiveArea Transaction, the Company now only operates one business segment, PFS Operations, and therefore we no longer present segment data.
The LiveArea Transaction closed on August 25, 2021 for gross proceeds of approximately $250.0 million in cash, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $200.8 million. The Company incurred approximately $15.0 million in cash-based transaction related costs during 2021 and used proceeds of $35.8 million to make estimated income tax payments related to the LiveArea Transaction.
The Company filed its 2021 U.S. Federal income tax return and 2021 income tax returns for several states in the fourth quarter of 2022. Updates to estimates related to the 2021 provision for income taxes were included in the income tax returns, resulting in an income tax benefit of $3.5 million recorded as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2022.
During 2022, the Company and the purchaser reached settlement of certain customary post-closing purchase price adjustments and as a result, the Company recorded an incremental $0.2 million gain on sale in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In connection with the LiveArea Transaction, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with the purchaser to provide certain accounting and administrative services for a period of up to twelve months. Income generated from transition services provided to the purchaser is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and was $0.6 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The transition services agreement was substantially completed by March 31, 2022.
Additionally, in connection with the LiveArea Transaction, in July 2021 the Company's Board of Directors approved a modification to the Company's Stock and Incentive Plans, as amended and restated, to provide for accelerated vesting of certain restricted stock awards and stock options for LiveArea personnel. As a result of the LiveArea Transaction, approximately 635,000 shares of restricted stock and approximately 160,000 stock options previously awarded to certain executives and employees were accelerated and fully vested on August 25, 2021. Also as a result of the LiveArea Transaction, the Company's Board of Directors approved the full payout of the 2021 cash compensation plan to certain LiveArea executives and employees. We recorded incremental compensation expense of $3.3 million and $0.3 million related to the stock-based compensation modification and full targeted payout of the 2021 cash compensation plan, respectively, which is included in net income from discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Furthermore, certain executives and employees of PFSweb, inclusive of certain LiveArea personnel, received cash transaction bonuses as a result of the successful completion of the LiveArea Transaction. We recorded compensation expense of $3.5 million for executives and employees of the LiveArea business segment, which is included in net income from discontinued operations on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition, we recorded compensation expense of $0.2 million and $1.3 million for the executives and employees of PFSweb, which is included in selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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The following table presents the major components of income from discontinued operation of LiveArea for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 and a reconciliation to the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Service fee revenue | $ | — | $ | 50,197 | |||||||
| Pass-through revenue | — | 159 | |||||||||
| Related party revenue | — | 574 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | — | 50,930 | |||||||||
| Costs of revenues: | |||||||||||
| Cost of service fee revenue | — | 27,173 | |||||||||
| Cost of pass-through revenue | — | 159 | |||||||||
| Total costs of revenues | — | 27,332 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | — | 23,598 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | — | (27,906) | |||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | (1) | |||||||||
| Gain on sale | 180 | 200,817 | |||||||||
| Income from discontinued operations before income taxes | 180 | 196,508 | |||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (3,467) | 35,636 | |||||||||
| Net income from discontinued operations | $ | 3,647 | $ | 160,872 | |||||||
The following table presents the depreciation and amortization, capital expenditures and significant noncash operating items for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, 2021 | |||||
| Cash flows from operating activities discontinued operations: | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 457 | |||
| Stock-based compensation expense | $ | 4,613 | |||
| Cash flows from investing activities discontinued operations: | |||||
| Capital expenditures | $ | 159 | |||
| Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations, net of cash divested | $ | 236,358 | |||
4. Revenue from Contracts with Clients and Customers
Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognition Timing
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the client or customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.
Our performance obligations include order to cash, fulfillment and customer care services. For arrangements with multiple distinct performance obligations, we allocate consideration among the performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling price is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to our clients and customers. Variable consideration, including discounts, rebates, incentives, penalties and other similar items, charged within these contracts is allocated to the individual reporting period in which the service was provided. The Company has determined that the above method provides a reasonable depiction of the transfer of services to the customer.
For fixed-price arrangements, we typically recognize revenue based on the input method, as we believe that hours expended over time proportionately, based on actual hours to budgeted hours during the period, provides the most relevant
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measure of progress for these contracts. We measure the progress for our fixed-price arrangements using a proportional performance calculation based on the actual hours worked each month as a percentage of the total estimated project hours because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we deliver the services and incur costs on our contracts. For time and materials contracts, we recognize revenue monthly based on the actual hours worked at the labor rates by job category and cost of materials plus margin. We recognize revenue for a performance obligation satisfied over time only if we can reasonably measure our progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. In some circumstances (for example, in the early stages of a contract), we may not be able to reasonably measure the outcome of a performance obligation, but we expect to recover the costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligation. In those circumstances, we will recognize revenue only to the extent of the costs incurred until such time that we can reasonably measure the outcome of the performance obligation.
Contracts that are billed on a time and materials basis typically are structured such that the amount the company bills at each point in time corresponds directly with the value of our performance to date. We have elected the ‘as-invoiced’ practical expedient for these contracts.
In addition, PFS has certain product revenue where it acts as a reseller in which we have determined we do not have ultimate control of the provisioning of the performance obligation. For these agreements, we recognize net revenue at a point in time when control transfers to the customer, typically at FOB shipping point.
Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Contract assets primarily relate to costs to fulfill assets capitalized for implementation services. Costs to fulfill assets are related to deferred costs, which are included within other current assets and other assets, and to software development costs, which are included within property and equipment in our consolidated balance sheets. Costs to fulfill contract assets decreased $0.6 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022, primarily due to $3.8 million new projects, offset by $4.4 million amortization and recognition of costs in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Contract liabilities primarily relate to the advance consideration received from clients for contracts, including amounts received for implementation services which are not distinct performance obligations. Contract liabilities were $7.9 million at December 31, 2021, of which $4.0 million was amortized to revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheet. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our clients and the type of services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is generally not significant.
Contract balances consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Contract Assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Costs to Fulfill | $ | 3,829 | $ | 4,392 | $ | 5,575 | |||||||||||
| Total Contract Assets | $ | 3,829 | $ | 4,392 | $ | 5,575 | |||||||||||
| Contract Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued Contract Liabilities | $ | 2,757 | $ | 2,673 | $ | 1,214 | |||||||||||
| Deferred Revenue | 4,776 | 5,224 | 5,936 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Contract Liabilities | $ | 7,533 | $ | 7,897 | $ | 7,150 | |||||||||||
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not yet been performed. The amount reported for remaining performance obligations does not include 1) contracts that are less than one year in duration, 2) contracts for which we recognize revenue based on the right to invoice for services performed, or 3) variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Much of our revenue qualifies for one of these exemptions. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or more was $20.5 million. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 50% of the remaining performance obligations in 2023, 29% in 2024, and the remaining recognized thereafter.
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Subcontractor Revenues
Certain client contracts supported by the LiveArea segment were not fully transferred to the buyer as part of the LiveArea Transaction. Subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction Date, PFS is acting as a prime contractor for these certain client contracts and the related services are being provided by the former LiveArea business as a subcontractor of PFS. The services provided under these client contracts are currently being managed by PFS, and as such, the related service fee revenues, costs of revenues and gross profit previously generated by this LiveArea related activity have been included in our continuing operations during the year ended December 31, 2021. Subsequent to the LiveArea Transaction in August 2021, revenue billed and costs incurred under this contractor-subcontractor relationship is recorded as pass-through revenue and pass-through costs for as long as such contracts continue to be managed directly by PFS.
As of December 31, 2022, there is only one remaining contract relationship where LiveArea continues to operate as a subcontractor to PFS. Service fee revenues generated under these contracts applicable to our former LiveArea segment of $8.8 million is included in service fee revenue in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021, with no service fee revenues for these contracts in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Disaggregation of Revenues
The following table presents our revenues, excluding sales and usage-based taxes, disaggregated by timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Over time | $ | 291,789 | $ | 259,690 | |||||||
| Point-in-time | 3,333 | 17,612 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 295,122 | $ | 277,302 | |||||||
Point-in-time revenues consist of product revenue which was dependent on the Ricoh distributor agreement. Effective March 2022, as part of Ricoh's continued restructuring of its operations, the Ricoh distributor agreement was terminated and as a result, our product revenue model with Ricoh was discontinued.
The following table presents our revenues, excluding sales and usage-based taxes, disaggregated by region (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Revenues by region: | |||||||||||
| United States | $ | 247,952 | $ | 226,097 | |||||||
| Canada | 5,107 | 5,823 | |||||||||
| Europe | 42,063 | 45,382 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 295,122 | $ | 277,302 | |||||||
5. Property and Equipment
The components of property and equipment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, | Depreciable Life | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||
| Purchased and capitalized software costs | $ | 29,307 | $ | 35,000 | 1-10 years | ||||||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 35,461 | 32,436 | 3-10 years | ||||||||||||||
| Computer equipment | 9,666 | 14,512 | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 4,694 | 8,294 | 3-10 years | ||||||||||||||
| In-process assets | 1,003 | 1,926 | |||||||||||||||
| 80,131 | 92,168 | ||||||||||||||||
| Less-accumulated depreciation and amortization | (59,243) | (72,853) | |||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 20,888 | $ | 19,315 | |||||||||||||
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Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment, excluding finance leases, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $7.4 million and $6.7 million, respectively.
The Company’s property and equipment held under finance leases amounted to approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, net of accumulated amortization of approximately $3.5 million and $3.3 million, at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense related to finance leases for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
6. Goodwill
During 2022 goodwill decreased by $0.9 million and in 2021 decreased by $0.1 million due to the impact of foreign currency translation. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2022 was performed for its reporting unit by completing the qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. We determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount and, therefore, did not result in an impairment as of December 31, 2022.
7. Long-lived Assets
The following table represents geographic information by area (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Long-lived assets | |||||||||||
| United States | $ | 57,670 | $ | 57,376 | |||||||
| Europe | 16,033 | 18,894 | |||||||||
| Canada | 344 | 1,170 | |||||||||
| India | 798 | 1,074 | |||||||||
| Total long-lived assets | $ | 74,845 | $ | 78,514 | |||||||
8. Stock and Stock Options
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
On June 8, 2000, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of one preferred stock purchase right (a “Right”) for each share of the Company’s common stock outstanding on July 6, 2000 and each share of common stock issued thereafter. Each Right entitles the registered shareholders to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of preferred stock at an exercise price of $40, subject to adjustment. The Rights are not currently exercisable but would become exercisable if certain events occurred relating to a person or group acquiring or attempting to acquire 20 percent or more of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock. The Rights Agreement expires 30 days after the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting unless continuation of the Rights Agreement is approved by the stockholders of the Company at the 2023 Annual Meeting.
Dividend Equivalents
On November 4, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors declared a special dividend equivalent of $4.50 per share, to the holders of all equity awards under the Company’s Stock and Incentive Plans, as amended and restated, (the "Employee Plans") granted and outstanding as of the close of business on December 1, 2022, payable in cash upon the achievement of applicable performance goals, vesting, and issuance of such equity awards pursuant to their specific terms. Dividend equivalents are forfeited when the underlying share-based award is forfeited under the terms of the respective grant.
The Company evaluated the accounting for the special dividend equivalents under ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation. The special dividend equivalents awarded to holders of awards of Restricted Shares (defined below) and deferred stock awards were not an equity modification and there was no change to the fair value of the awards. The special dividend equivalents granted to holders of stock option awards was an equity award modification and resulted in an increase in fair value of the modified awards equal to the value of the special dividend equivalent. The Company computed incremental compensation expense as the incremental fair value of the modified awards over the fair value on the modification date and the Company
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recognized $1.6 million of incremental compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2022, which is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
At December 31, 2022, the Company had $7.3 million accrued for the dividend equivalents payable to holders of outstanding awards under share-based compensation plans, of which $6.9 million and $0.4 million are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
Stock Compensation Plans
Under the Employee Plans an aggregate of 10,442,340 shares of common stock have been authorized for issuance. The Employee Plans provide for the granting of incentive awards to directors, executive management, key employees and outside consultants of the Company in a variety of forms of equity-based incentive compensation, such as the award of an option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit, deferred stock unit, among other stock-based awards. The Company has historically issued service-based restricted stock and unit awards, performance-based and market-based stock and unit awards (collectively “Restricted Shares”) and stock options. The Company uses newly issued shares of common stock to satisfy awards under the Employee Plans.
The Company issues Restricted Shares to the Company’s executives and senior management, pursuant to which such employees are eligible to receive future grants of shares of the Company’s stock subject to various vesting and/or performance criteria. The weighted average fair value per share of Restricted Shares granted during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $12.10 and $7.11, respectively. The total fair value of Restricted Shares vested under the Employee Plans was $4.1 million and $6.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The underlying stock certificates for the Restricted Shares that vested December 31, 2022 are expected to be issued during the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The underlying stock certificates for the Restricted Shares that vested December 31, 2021 were issued during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.
Stock-based compensation expense related to service was $4.3 million and $9.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and stock-based compensation expense related to stock options modification was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. These expenses were included as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2022, there is $2.4 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Employee Plans, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of approximately 1.4 years. This expected cost does not include the impact of any future stock-based compensation awards.
As of December 31, 2022, there were 886,427 shares available for future grants under the Employee Plans. Each stock option or stock appreciation right award granted reduces the total shares available for grant by one share, while each award granted other than in the form of a stock option or stock appreciation right reduces the shares available for grant by 1.22 shares.
In January 2023, the Company completed its annual grant of restricted stock units and performance-based units to certain executives and employees under the Employee Plans that allow them to earn up to approximately 620,700 shares of common stock that will vest, subject to meeting certain criteria, over a period of up to three years.
Stock Options
The rights to purchase shares under employee stock option agreements issued under the Employee Plans typically vest over a three-year period, one-twelfth each quarter. Stock options must be exercised within 10 years from the date of grant. Stock options are generally issued such that the exercise price is equal to the market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant.
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The following tables summarize stock option activity under the Employee Plans:
| Shares | Price Per Share | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 510,332 | $2.54 - $14.66 | $ | 7.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (137,287) | $2.54 - $10.12 | $ | 5.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | (15,883) | $2.72 - $14.66 | $ | 6.96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2022 | 357,162 | $3.31 - $14.66 | $ | 7.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, December 31, 2022 | 357,162 | $3.31 - $14.66 | $ | 7.80 | 3.0 | $ | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable and expected to vest, December 31, 2022 | 357,162 | $3.31 - $14.66 | $ | 7.80 | 3.0 | $ | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
No stock options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2022. The weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $3.92. The total intrinsic value of options exercised under the Employee Plans was $0.8 million and $2.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions used for grants of options under the Employee Plans:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||
| Expected dividend yield | — | ||||||||||
| Expected stock price volatility | 57% | ||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.7% | ||||||||||
| Expected life of options (years) | 6 | ||||||||||
The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based award and stock-price volatility. The assumptions listed above represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if other assumptions had been used, the Company’s recorded stock-based compensation expense could have been different. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If the Company’s actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the share-based compensation expense could be materially different. The Company calculates the expected stock price volatility using the Company’s historical stock price during the expected term immediately preceding a stock option grant date. The dividend rate contemplates that the Company does not expect to pay recurring dividends and had not paid dividends as of the last issuance of stock options. The Company uses the risk-free interest rates of United States Treasury securities for a comparable term as the expected life of a stock option. The expected life of options has been computed using the simplified method, which the Company uses as it does not believe it has established a consistent exercise pattern to accurately estimate the expected term of stock options.
Service-Based Restricted Stock and Unit Awards
The Company’s service-based restricted stock and unit awards are valued at the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock as of the date of grant and vest over a range of two to four years. Shares that do not vest on a scheduled vesting date due to a failure to satisfy vesting or performance criteria are forfeited and do not vest in future periods.
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The following table summarizes the service-based restricted stock and unit award activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | ||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2021 | 188,001 | $ | 6.45 | ||||||||
| Granted | 119,361 | $ | 12.00 | ||||||||
| Vested | (157,535) | $ | 7.84 | ||||||||
| Canceled | (12,887) | $ | 7.59 | ||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2022 | 136,940 | $ | 9.58 | ||||||||
Performance-Based Restricted Stock and Unit Awards
Pursuant to the Employee Plans, the Company grants restricted stock and unit awards that vest upon reaching certain performance targets and individual performance goals, which historically have been based on the Company’s financial performance, Company operating income and other financial metrics for the current and/or future years. Such awards generally are subject to annual vesting of three to four years based upon continued employment and the achievement of the defined performance criteria. If the target set forth in the award agreement is not met, none of the related shares will vest and any compensation expense previously recognized will be reversed. The actual number of shares that will ultimately vest is dependent upon achieving the performance condition or other conditions set forth in the award agreement. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to performance awards based upon our determination of the likelihood of achieving the performance target or targets at each reporting date, net of estimated forfeitures.
The following table summarizes the performance-based restricted stock and unit award activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | ||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2021 | 143,556 | $ | 6.89 | ||||||||
| Granted | 165,557 | $ | 12.00 | ||||||||
| Vested | (227,774) | $ | 9.60 | ||||||||
| Canceled | (43,337) | $ | 7.78 | ||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2022 | 38,002 | $ | 9.91 | ||||||||
Market-Based Restricted Stock and Unit Awards
Pursuant to the Employee Plans, the Company grants restricted stock and unit awards that vest upon the achievement of certain defined total stockholder return targets using the companies in the Russell Micro Cap Index as a comparative group for current and/or future years. Such awards generally are subject to annual vesting of three to four years based upon continued employment and the achievement of the defined performance criteria. The actual number of shares that will ultimately vest is dependent upon achieving the performance condition or other conditions set forth in the award agreement. Shares that do not vest on a scheduled vesting date due to a failure to satisfy vesting criteria are forfeited and do not vest in future periods. The Company reverses previously recognized compensation cost for market-based restricted stock unit awards only if the requisite service is not rendered.
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The following table summarizes the market-based restricted stock and unit award activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | ||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2021 | 180,785 | $ | 6.59 | ||||||||
| Granted | 89,258 | $ | 12.42 | ||||||||
| Vested | (107,722) | $ | 6.40 | ||||||||
| Canceled | (19,754) | $ | 9.10 | ||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2022 | 142,567 | $ | 10.28 | ||||||||
The fair value of each market-based restricted stock and unit award grant is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation with the following assumptions used for grants under the Employee Plans:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Expected dividend yield | — | — | |||||||||
| Expected stock price volatility | 73.5% | 75.3% | |||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.5% | 0.3% | |||||||||
| Expected term (years) | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| Weighted average grant date fair value | $12.06 | $7.11 | |||||||||
Deferred Stock Units
During both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, each non-employee Director of the Company’s Board of Directors received a quarterly retainer (the “Retainer”), payable on or about the first day of each quarter, through the issuance of an equity-based award under the Employee Plans in the form of a Deferred Stock Unit (a “DSU”). During 2022 and 2021, the Retainer was $30,000. The number of DSUs is determined by dividing the Retainer by the immediately preceding closing price of the Common Stock on the grant date. Each DSU represents the right to receive an equal number of shares of Common Stock upon the retirement, resignation or termination of service from the Board.
The following table summarizes the DSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | ||||||||||
| Unvested deferred stock at December 31, 2021 | 498,630 | $ | 6.18 | ||||||||
| Granted | 65,650 | $ | 10.79 | ||||||||
| Vested | — | ||||||||||
| Unvested deferred stock at December 31, 2022 | 564,280 | $ | 6.79 | ||||||||
9. Income Taxes
The consolidated loss from continuing operations before income taxes, by domestic and foreign entities, is as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | (16,889) | $ | (9,913) | |||||||
| Foreign | (1,699) | (2,195) | |||||||||
| Total | $ | (18,588) | $ | (12,108) | |||||||
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A reconciliation of the difference between the expected income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations at the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21% and the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Income tax benefit computed at statutory rate | $ | (3,903) | $ | (2,433) | |||||||
| Items not deductible for tax purposes | 552 | 502 | |||||||||
| Foreign rate differential | 401 | 26 | |||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | — | (1,341) | |||||||||
| State taxes | 1,106 | 823 | |||||||||
| Taxes on foreign earnings | — | 894 | |||||||||
| Losses not benefited for tax | 3,646 | 2,608 | |||||||||
| Other | (185) | 451 | |||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 1,617 | $ | 1,530 | |||||||
Current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) is summarized as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Current | |||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | 290 | $ | (352) | |||||||
| State | 413 | 700 | |||||||||
| Foreign | (73) | 180 | |||||||||
| Total Current | 630 | 528 | |||||||||
| Deferred | |||||||||||
| Domestic | 952 | 134 | |||||||||
| State | 13 | 842 | |||||||||
| Foreign | 22 | 26 | |||||||||
| Total Deferred | 987 | 1,002 | |||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 1,617 | $ | 1,530 | |||||||
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The components of the deferred tax asset (liability) are as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 126 | $ | 260 | |||||||
| Inventory reserve | — | 28 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment | 348 | — | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 610 | 1,914 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 612 | 902 | |||||||||
| State tax - deferred | 1,342 | 482 | |||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 6,943 | 2,299 | |||||||||
| Nonqualified stock options | 2,130 | 2,264 | |||||||||
| Foreign tax credit carryforwards | 453 | 1,573 | |||||||||
| Other | — | 515 | |||||||||
| 12,564 | 10,237 | ||||||||||
| Less - Valuation allowance | 9,597 | 5,957 | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 2,967 | 4,280 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment | (1,573) | (1,359) | |||||||||
| Goodwill | (3,204) | (4,222) | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liability on foreign earnings | (614) | (894) | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | (794) | — | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (6,185) | (6,475) | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities, net | $ | (3,218) | $ | (2,195) | |||||||
We believe that we have not established a sufficient history of earnings, on a stand-alone basis, to support the more likely than not realization of certain deferred tax assets in excess of existing taxable temporary differences. A valuation allowance has been provided for the majority of these net deferred tax assets at both December 31, 2022, and 2021. The remaining net deferred tax assets at both December 31, 2022, and 2021 primarily relate to the Company’s European operations and certain tax benefits. These are included in other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The remaining net deferred tax liabilities at both December 31, 2022, and 2021 primarily relate to goodwill from a prior acquisition and are included in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has a federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward of $20.6 million and state NOL carryforwards of $15.6 million. The federal NOL carryforward has no expiration date because it was generated after December 31, 2017. The state NOL carryovers expire at various dates from 2022 through 2042.
The Company has net operating losses in the U.K. and Canada. The U.K. NOL carryforward is $7.5 million and has no expiration date. The Canadian NOL is $5.6 million and expires at various dates from 2026 to 2042.
For federal income tax purposes, tax years that remain subject to examination include years 2019 through 2022. However, the utilization of NOL carryforwards that arose prior to 2016 remains subject to examination through the years the carryforwards are utilized. For Europe, tax years that remains subject to examination include years 2018 to 2022. For Canada, tax years that remain subject to examination include years 2015 to 2022. For state income tax purposes, the tax years that remain subject to examination include years 2018 to 2022, depending on the jurisdiction in which the Company files tax returns. The Company has one income tax return in the process of examination. The Company does not expect this examination to result in material unrecognized tax expense.
At both December 31, 2022, and 2021, we had immaterial amounts of accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.
Unrecognized tax benefits totaled $0.5 million at December 31, 2022. During 2022, we added unrecognized tax benefits of $0.4 million. We believe that our unrecognized tax benefits will not significantly change in the next twelve months.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") was enacted. The Tax Act imposes a mandatory transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. Effective January 1, 2018, the Tax Act created a new territorial tax system in which we recognize the tax impact of including certain foreign earnings in U.S. taxable income as a period cost. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred a global intangible low-taxed income or GILTI liability, which we treated as a period cost. At December 31, 2022, there were no undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries to be
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permanently reinvested. Accordingly, no provision for foreign or state income taxes associated with these foreign subsidiaries has been made. We have recorded deferred income taxes related to those foreign earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested.
10. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and common stock equivalents outstanding for the reporting period. In periods when we recognize a net loss from continuing operations, we exclude the impact of outstanding common stock equivalents from the diluted loss per share calculation as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had outstanding common stock equivalents of approximately 1.5 million and 2.0 million, respectively, that have been excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been antidilutive.
11. Leases
All of our office and distribution facilities are leased under operating leases. We also lease vehicles primarily under operating leases. Most of our equipment leases are leased under finance leases. Lease costs are included within cost of service fee revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses and interest expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Total lease costs consist of the following (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Lease costs: | |||||||||||
| Finance lease costs: | |||||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | 173 | $ | 875 | |||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | 7 | 37 | |||||||||
| Operating lease costs | 11,805 | 10,002 | |||||||||
| Variable lease costs | 3,829 | 5,572 | |||||||||
| Short-term lease costs | 2,309 | 1,625 | |||||||||
| Total lease costs | $ | 18,123 | $ | 18,111 | |||||||
We had $0.1 million and $0.3 million of finance lease assets that are reported in property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, our weighted-average remaining lease term relating to our operating leases is 4.6 years, with a weighted-average discount of 5.8%. As of December 31, 2021, our weighted-average remaining lease term relating to our operating leases was 4.9 years, with a weighted-average discount of 5.6%. As of December 31, 2022, our weighted-average remaining lease term relating to our finance leases is 1.3 years, with a weighted-average discount of 3.9%. As of December 31, 2021, our weighted-average remaining lease term relating to our finance leases was 1.6 years, with a weighted-average discount of 4.3%. Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to 7.7 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 10 years and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.
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Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||
| Operating Leases | Finance Leases | ||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | 9,550 | $ | 74 | |||||||
| 2024 | 8,299 | 22 | |||||||||
| 2025 | 7,889 | — | |||||||||
| 2026 | 6,473 | — | |||||||||
| 2027 | 3,993 | — | |||||||||
| Thereafter | 2,428 | — | |||||||||
| Total lease payments | 38,632 | 96 | |||||||||
| Less interest | (4,870) | (2) | |||||||||
| Total lease obligations | $ | 33,762 | $ | 94 | |||||||
Supplemental consolidated cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Operating cash flows arising from operating leases | $ | 11,232 | $ | 11,446 | |||||||
| Operating cash flows arising from finance leases | $ | 7 | $ | 37 | |||||||
| Financing cash flows arising from finance leases | $ | 191 | $ | 871 | |||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 6,884 | $ | 16,811 | |||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | $ | 13 | $ | 114 | |||||||
In September 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with CCI-Millennium, L.P., (“Landlord”) providing for the early termination of its lease agreement for its corporate headquarters office space located in Allen, Texas effective October 31, 2022 ("Lease Termination Agreement"). Such lease agreement was previously scheduled to mature in July 2024 and under the terms of the Lease Termination Agreement, the Company paid $2.6 million to Landlord in October 2022. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, the Lease Termination Agreement was determined to be a modification of the original lease agreement which resulted in a $2.6 million increase in the lease termination obligation, and reductions of the lease liability and operating lease right-of-use asset by approximately $3.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The Company recognized a net loss of $1.6 million on the lease modification, which is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has one operating lease commitment for a 124 month lease for 186,000 square feet of warehouse and office space in Irving, Texas. This lease will increase our right of use asset and lease liability balances as of the lease commencement date, which is anticipated in mid-2023 when the building is completed.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to claims in the ordinary course of business, including certain Equal Employment Opportunity Commission claims. The Company is generally required to indemnify its service fee clients against any third party claims asserted against such clients alleging infringement by the Company of the patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights of third parties. While we are unable to determine ultimate outcome of any liabilities resulting from such claims, we do not believe the resolution of any particular matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
13. Employee Savings Plan
The Company has a defined contribution employee savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Substantially all full-time and part-time U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the plan. The Company, at its discretion, may
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match employee contributions to the plan and also make an additional matching contribution in the form of profit sharing in recognition of the Company’s performance. The employer matching contributions are subject to a three-year vesting schedule based on the participant’s years of service with us. Our employees in Europe and Canada also have defined contribution plans. The Company contributed approximately $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively to match an approved percentage of employee contributions.
14. Related Party Transactions
In December 2020, on behalf of a client, the Company entered into an agreement with Pilot Freight Services ("Pilot") under which Pilot provides the Company various freight services. David Beatson, a member of our Board of Directors, was also on the Board of Directors of Pilot through May 2022 and held less than 1% of the outstanding shares in Pilot. Pilot was a portfolio company of ATL Partners, LLC, until Pilot was sold to an unrelated third party. Mr. Beatson serves on the Executive Board of ATL Partners and is a shareholder of its two funds (less than 1% holdings of each). As a result of the sale, Pilot is no longer a related party of the Company.
We recognized $0.1 million and $1.1 million of related party cost of revenues in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and as of December 31, 2022, we had no trade accounts payable balance due to Pilot.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls And Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO” and together with the CEO, the “Certifying Officers”), evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based upon this evaluation, and the above criteria, our CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2022.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management, under the supervision of our Board of Directors, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate “internal control over financial reporting,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.
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Under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, our management conducted an assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on this evaluation, our management concluded our internal control over financial reporting was effective at December 31, 2022, based on criteria in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
As previously described in Part II—Item 9A – Controls and Procedures of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, our management concluded that the Company did not design, implement, and operate effective process-level control activities related to order-to-cash process (specifically controls over revenue recognition pertaining to client invoicing) resulting in deficiencies in our process-level control activities.
We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to accounting for unusual transactions. Specifically, deficiencies were identified relating to the financial reporting requirements triggered by the LiveArea Transaction, including the required financial statement presentation of discontinued operations.
We further identified deficiencies in various aspects of our income tax controls related to the preparation and review of our income tax provision, including the tax complexities triggered by the disposition of LiveArea in multiple jurisdictions as part of the LiveArea Transaction, which management concluded such deficiencies aggregated to a material weakness.
In addition, we identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to ineffective information technology general controls (“ITGCs”) in the areas of user access and segregation of duties related to administration of certain information technology (“IT”) systems that support the Company’s financial reporting processes. While progress was made towards remediation, control deficiencies applicable to execution of certain access controls were identified during year-end testing. As a result, our management concluded the previously identified material weakness related to ITGCs remained as of December 31, 2021.
In 2022, management, with oversight of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, implemented our previously disclosed remediation plan that included:
•We prepared training documentation and held training meetings with invoice preparers and reviewers and designed certain compensating controls which include monthly disaggregated analytical review procedures to ensure accuracy of client invoices and revenue recognition.
•We hired additional accounting personnel (including contract personnel with requisite accounting and reporting experience) to fill needed roles and assist in our accounting and financial reporting. We augmented our accounting and reporting resources, improved controls over financial reporting related to unusual transactions and eliminated the untimeliness of the Company's reports filed with the SEC.
•We engaged a third-party advisory accounting firm and hired additional resources with requisite tax experience to fill needed roles and assist in proper accounting and financial reporting for income taxes.
•Regarding the ITGC deficiencies, we identified and implemented certain mitigating controls. Our remediation with respect to the ITGC deficiencies included training of personnel tasked with reviewing IT system user access and segregation of duties risks. In addition, we worked with our third-party advisory firm to strengthen the design, execution and documentation of certain controls over user access and segregation of duties of certain IT systems.
During the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed our testing of the operating effectiveness of the implemented controls and found them to be effective. As a result, we have concluded all the material weaknesses have been remediated as of December 31, 2022.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
Whitley Penn, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 and has expressed an unqualified opinion on the operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Except for the changes related to our implementation of the remediation plan discussed above, during the quarter ended on December 31, 2022, there was no change in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
PFSweb, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited PFSweb, Inc.’s and subsidiaries (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company, as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements") and our report dated March 14, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the entity’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
An entity’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. An entity’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the entity; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the entity are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the entity; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the entity’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Whitley Penn LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 14, 2023
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information required by Part III, Item 10, is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) or this Annual Report shall be amended to include such information (a “10K/A”). The Proxy Statement or 10K/A shall be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics in accordance with rules of the SEC and Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards. The code is intended to provide guidance to assure compliance with law and promote ethical behavior. Free copies of the Company’s code of ethics may be found on the Company’s website at https://ir.pfsweb.com/corporate-governance. We intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of our code of ethics.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by Part III, Item 11, is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement or through a 10K/A. The Proxy Statement or 10K/A shall be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information required by Part III, Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement or through a 10K/A. The Proxy Statement or 10K/A shall be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes information with respect to the Company's Stock and Incentive Plans, as amended and restated (the "Employee Plans"), under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2022:
| (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | (b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (2) | (c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under the Employee Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Plan category (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders | 1,238,420 | $ | 7.80 | 886,427 | |||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders | — | — | |||||||||||||||
(1)See Note 8. in Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more detailed information regarding the Employee Plans.
(2)Excludes 136,940 service-based restricted stock units, 180,570 performance-based and market-based restricted stock units and 564,280 deferred stock units.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
Information regarding certain of our relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement or through a 10K/A. The proxy statement or 10K/A shall be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information required by Part III, Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement or through a 10K/A. The proxy statement or 10K/A shall be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this report:
1.Financial Statements
PFSweb, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2.Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibits | |||||||
| 2.1 | ||||||||
| 2.1.1 | ||||||||
| 3.1 | ||||||||
| 3.1.1 | ||||||||
| 3.1.2 | ||||||||
| 3.1.3 | ||||||||
| 3.1.4 | ||||||||
| 3.2 | ||||||||
| 4.1 | ||||||||
| 4.1.1 | ||||||||
| 4.2 | ||||||||
| 10.1 | ||||||||
| 10.1.1 | ||||||||
| 10.1.2 | ||||||||
| 10.1.3 | ||||||||
| 10.2* | ||||||||
| 10.2.1* | ||||||||
| 10.2.2* | ||||||||
| 10.2.3* | ||||||||
| 10.3 | ||||||||
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| 10.4 | ||||||||
| 10.5 | ||||||||
| 10.5.1 | ||||||||
| 10.6 | ||||||||
| 10.7 | ||||||||
| 10.8 | ||||||||
| 10.8.1 | ||||||||
| 10.8.2 | ||||||||
| 10.9 | ||||||||
| 10.9.1 | ||||||||
| 10.9.2 | ||||||||
| 10.10* | ||||||||
| 10.11 | ||||||||
| 10.12 | ||||||||
| 10.12.1 | ||||||||
| 10.13 | ||||||||
| 10.14* | ||||||||
| 10.14.1* | ||||||||
| 10.15* | ||||||||
| 10.16* | ||||||||
| 10.17* | ||||||||
| 10.18* | ||||||||
| 10.19* | ||||||||
| 10.20* | ||||||||
| 10.21* | ||||||||
| 10.22* | ||||||||
| 10.23* | ||||||||
| 10.24* | ||||||||
| 10.25 | ||||||||
| 10.26 | ||||||||
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| 10.27 | ||||||||
| 10.28 | ||||||||
| 10.28.1 | ||||||||
| 10.29* | ||||||||
| 10.30* | ||||||||
| 10.31* | ||||||||
| 10.31.1* | ||||||||
| 10.32* | ||||||||
| 10.33* | ||||||||
| 10.34* | ||||||||
| 10.35* | ||||||||
| 16.1 | ||||||||
| 16.2 | ||||||||
| 23.1** | ||||||||
| 23.2** | ||||||||
| 24.1** | ||||||||
| 31.1** | ||||||||
| 31.2** | ||||||||
| 32.1** | ||||||||
| 101** | The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | |||||||
| 104** | Cover Page Interactive Data file, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101). | |||||||
* Denotes management or compensatory agreements
** Filed herewith
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Dated March 14, 2023 | By: | /s/Thomas J. Madden | ||||||
| Thomas J. Madden, | ||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michael Willoughby and Thomas J. Madden, and each of them, either of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or his or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done or by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/Michael Willoughby | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Michael Willoughby | ||||||||||||||
| /s/Thomas J. Madden | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Thomas J. Madden | ||||||||||||||
| /s/Monica Luechtefeld | Chairman of the Board | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Monica Luechtefeld | ||||||||||||||
| /s/David I. Beatson | Director | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| David I. Beatson | ||||||||||||||
| /s/Benjamin Rosenzweig | Director | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Benjamin Rosenzweig | ||||||||||||||
| /s/Robert Frankfurt | Director | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Robert Frankfurt | ||||||||||||||
| /s/G. Mercedes De Luca | Director | March 14, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| G. Mercedes De Luca | ||||||||||||||
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