Revenue from Contracts with Clients and Customers | 4. Revenue from Contracts with Clients and Customers Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognition Timing A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the client or customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Our performance obligations for PFS Operations, includes distribution, contact center, order management and payment services, and for LiveArea Professional Services, include commerce strategy consulting, creative design and marketing support, and technology platform integration services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate a transaction price to each performance obligation using the stand alone selling price for the distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to calculate the stand alone selling price is the list price approach, which includes margin, under which we forecast our costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. If a fixed fee is used, it is based on the underlying projected costs with a margin. Implementation services related to setup costs for PFS Operations are not distinct within the context of the contract because of the inter-dependence of the integrating services with other services promised in the contract. It represents a bundle of services that reflect the combined output for which the client has contracted. These implementation revenues and costs are amortized from the first full month after go live through the end of the contract period. Transaction based fees are generally charged monthly based on volume and contract price. We typically price our professional services contracts on either a time and materials, fixed-price or a cost-plus margin basis. For fixed-price arrangements, we typically recognize revenue based on the input method, as we believe that hours expended over time proportionately, based on actual hours to budgeted hours during the period, provides the most relevant measure of progress for these contracts. For time and materials contracts, we recognize revenue monthly based on the actual hours worked at the labor rates by job category, and cost of materials plus margin. We recognize revenue for a performance obligation satisfied over time only if we can reasonably measure our progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. In some circumstances (for example, in the early stages of a contract), we may not be able to reasonably measure the outcome of a performance obligation, but we expect to recover the costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligation. In those circumstances, we shall recognize revenue only to the extent of the costs incurred until such time that we can reasonably measure the outcome of the performance obligation. Substantially all of our LiveArea professional services are satisfied over time, as the clients or customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided by our service as they are performed. PFS Operations primarily consists of service fee revenue, which is made up of transaction items, such as shipments, which are recognized at a point in time, and services such as storage, which are recognized over time. In addition, PFS Operations has certain product revenue where it acts as a reseller, and when we determine we are the agent, recognizes net revenue at a point in time, typically at FOB shipping point. The transaction price for each performance obligation is based on the consideration specified in the contract with the client or customer and is reflected on the invoice. Additionally, for most of our Service Fee related revenue contracts, Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not yet been performed. As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or more was $41.5 million. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 17% of the remaining performance obligations in 2018, 58% through 2019, and the remaining recognized thereafter. Contract modifications Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. If a contract has significant scope changes, then it will be viewed as a separate contract and accounted for separately. Implementation/Integration service fees are considered part of an existing performance obligation, provided that they are dependent and interrelated to that existing performance obligation. On the PFS Operations side, those implementation revenues and costs are deferred and recognized over time, based on the term of the contract. If it was a significant scope change, then it would be accounted for as a separate performance obligation, deferred and amortized over the contract term. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Contract assets primarily relate to our rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. The contract assets are reclassified as receivables when the rights become unconditional. The contract liabilities primarily relate to the advance consideration received from clients for client contracts, including amounts received for implementation services which are not distinct performance obligations. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our clients and the type of services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is generally not significant. Contract balances consisted of the following (in thousands) September 30, January 1, 2018 2018 Trade Accounts Receivable Trade Accounts Receivable, net $ 52,674 $ 70,923 Unbilled Accounts Receivable 235 172 Total Trade Accounts Receivable, net $ 52,909 $ 71,095 Contract Liabilities Accrued Contract Liabilities $ 506 $ 583 Deferred Revenue 7,571 10,697 Total Contract Liabilities $ 8,077 $ 11,280 Changes in contract liabilities during the period was a decrease of $3.2 million in our contract liabilities from January 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018, primarily due to an increase of approximately $3.6 million from new projects, offset by approximately $6.6 million of amortization and recognition of revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. We recognized a $0.0 million and $0.2 million contract loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were not materially impacted by any other factors. The following table presents our revenues, excluding sales and usage-based taxes, disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 PFS Operations LiveArea Professional Services Total PFS Operations LiveArea Professional Services Total Revenues: Service fee revenue $ 32,106 $ 20,784 $ 52,890 $ 100,222 $ 62,297 $ 162,519 Product revenue, net 8,469 — 8,469 27,081 — 27,081 Pass-through revenue 15,702 640 16,342 42,076 1,497 43,573 Total revenues $ 56,277 $ 21,424 $ 77,701 $ 169,379 $ 63,794 $ 233,173 The following table presents our revenues, excluding sales and usage-based taxes, disaggregated by region (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 PFS Operations LiveArea Professional Services Total PFS Operations LiveArea Professional Services Total Revenues by region: North America $ 45,563 $ 18,743 $ 64,306 $ 136,252 $ 55,945 $ 192,197 Europe 10,714 2,681 13,395 33,127 7,849 40,976 Total revenues $ 56,277 $ 21,424 $ 77,701 $ 169,379 $ 63,794 $ 233,173 |