Net new home orders for the quarter were 1,103, in line with 1,106 in the first quarter of 2018. Net new home orders reflect a decrease in sales pace, as community count increased to 118 average sales locations, from 84 in theyear-ago period, an increase of 40%. Our cancellation rate for the first quarter of 2019 was 16%, which is higher than the 10% experienced in the first quarter of last year, but down significantly from the 24% cancellation rate we experienced during the fourth quarter of 2018.
Sales and marketing expense during the first quarter of 2019 decreased to 5.6% of homebuilding revenue, compared to 6.1% in theyear-ago quarter, primarily due to a decrease in advertising and model operations expense during the quarter. General and administrative expenses decreased to 6.4% of homebuilding revenue, compared to 6.6% in theyear-ago quarter, primarily due to improved operating leverage.
Pre-tax income was up 30.0% to $20.0 million, from $15.4 million in the prior year. Provision for income tax was up to $4.9 million, for an effective tax rate of 24.4%, compared to a provision of $2.8 million, or 18.3%, in the prior year. The increase is attributable to certainone-time discreet items regarding stock compensation expense during the current year.
Net income attributable tonon-controlling interest was $7.0 million during the first quarter, which was higher than our prior expectations due primarily to the timing of an additional phase of deliveries in a joint venture project in Southern California.
Balance Sheet Update
At quarter end, cash and cash equivalents totaled $45.7 million, owned real estate inventories totaled $2.3 billion, total assets were $2.9 billion and total equity was $1.0 billion. Total debt to book capitalization was 57.4%, and net debt to net book capitalization was 56.6% at March 31, 2019, compared to 56.6% and 55.9% at December 31, 2018, respectively.
Recent Developments
On May 1, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a limited waiver at the request of William H. Lyon solely for purposes of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law to allow Mr. Lyon and certain of his affiliates (the “Lyon Stockholders”) to enter into certain arrangements with potential unaffiliated co-investors in connection with potentially making a proposal for a possible business combination with the Company, as described in more detail in the Schedule 13D amendment filed by the Lyon Stockholders on the SEC’s website on May 2, 2019. Mr. Lyon has indicated that he is not engaged in active discussions, the Company is not aware of any imminent proposal, and there is no assurance that granting this waiver will lead to any potential transaction.