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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| x | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009 |
or
| ¨ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from to |
Commission File Number: 001-15811
MARKEL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Virginia | 54-1959284 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
4521 Highwoods Parkway, Glen Allen, Virginia 23060-6148
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(804) 747-0136
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at May 1, 2009: 9,814,100
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Form 10-Q
Index
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| Item 1. | Financial Statements |
MARKEL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| March 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Investments, available-for-sale, at estimated fair value: | |||||||
Fixed maturities (amortized cost of $4,627,800 in 2009 and $4,722,371 in 2008) | $ | 4,547,167 | $ | 4,592,552 | |||
Equity securities (cost of $807,217 in 2009 and $855,188 in 2008) | 946,099 | 1,073,769 | |||||
Short-term investments (estimated fair value approximates cost) | 652,246 | 508,834 | |||||
Investments in affiliates | 94,124 | 93,723 | |||||
Total Investments | 6,239,636 | 6,268,878 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 646,975 | 639,578 | |||||
Receivables | 299,230 | 271,067 | |||||
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses | 986,440 | 1,026,858 | |||||
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses | 64,978 | 71,890 | |||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | 177,979 | 183,755 | |||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | 78,455 | 86,534 | |||||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 342,852 | 344,031 | |||||
Other assets | 559,208 | 585,099 | |||||
Total Assets | $ | 9,395,753 | $ | 9,477,690 | |||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | $ | 5,432,814 | $ | 5,492,339 | |||
Unearned premiums | 797,645 | 827,888 | |||||
Payables to insurance companies | 67,182 | 42,399 | |||||
Senior long-term debt (estimated fair value of $680,000 in 2009 and $620,000 in 2008) | 738,631 | 688,509 | |||||
Other liabilities | 179,401 | 245,881 | |||||
Total Liabilities | 7,215,673 | 7,297,016 | |||||
Shareholders’ equity: | |||||||
Common stock | 871,146 | 869,744 | |||||
Retained earnings | 1,314,259 | 1,297,901 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (5,325 | ) | 13,029 | ||||
Total Shareholders’ Equity | 2,180,080 | 2,180,674 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies | |||||||
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 9,395,753 | $ | 9,477,690 | |||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MARKEL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Loss
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||
OPERATING REVENUES | ||||||||
Earned premiums | $ | 457,246 | $ | 500,420 | ||||
Net investment income | 69,056 | 76,012 | ||||||
Net realized investment losses | (55,183 | ) | (56,308 | ) | ||||
Total Operating Revenues | 471,119 | 520,124 | ||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | 253,411 | 280,144 | ||||||
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses | 181,837 | 179,748 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 1,179 | 950 | ||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 436,427 | 460,842 | ||||||
Operating Income | 34,692 | 59,282 | ||||||
Interest expense | 11,390 | 12,831 | ||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | 23,302 | 46,451 | ||||||
Income tax expense | 6,944 | 12,463 | ||||||
Net Income | $ | 16,358 | $ | 33,988 | ||||
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | ||||||||
Net unrealized losses on investments, net of taxes: | ||||||||
Net holding losses arising during the period | $ | (55,034 | ) | $ | (87,480 | ) | ||
Less reclassification adjustments for net losses included in net income | 35,503 | 37,476 | ||||||
Net unrealized losses | (19,531 | ) | (50,004 | ) | ||||
Currency translation adjustments, net of taxes | 881 | (73 | ) | |||||
Change in net actuarial pension loss, net of taxes | 296 | 278 | ||||||
Change in fair value of treasury lock agreements, net of taxes | — | (4,078 | ) | |||||
Total Other Comprehensive Loss | (18,354 | ) | (53,877 | ) | ||||
Comprehensive Loss | $ | (1,996 | ) | $ | (19,889 | ) | ||
NET INCOME PER SHARE | ||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.67 | $ | 3.42 | ||||
Diluted | $ | 1.67 | $ | 3.41 | ||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MARKEL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
COMMON STOCK | ||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 869,744 | $ | 866,362 | ||||
Restricted stock units expensed | 830 | 1,472 | ||||||
Other | 572 | 938 | ||||||
Balance at end of period | $ | 871,146 | $ | 868,772 | ||||
RETAINED EARNINGS | ||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,297,901 | $ | 1,417,269 | ||||
Net income | 16,358 | 33,988 | ||||||
Repurchases of common stock | — | (8,902 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,314,259 | $ | 1,442,355 | ||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | ||||||||
Net unrealized holding gains on investments, net of taxes: | ||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 58,652 | $ | 388,521 | ||||
Net unrealized losses on investments, net of taxes | (19,531 | ) | (50,004 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of period | 39,121 | 338,517 | ||||||
Cumulative translation adjustments, net of taxes: | ||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | (15,416 | ) | (7,523 | ) | ||||
Currency translation adjustments, net of taxes | 881 | (73 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of period | (14,535 | ) | (7,596 | ) | ||||
Net actuarial pension loss, net of taxes: | ||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | (30,207 | ) | (23,467 | ) | ||||
Change in net actuarial pension loss, net of taxes | 296 | 278 | ||||||
Balance at end of period | (29,911 | ) | (23,189 | ) | ||||
Net unrealized loss on treasury lock agreements, net of taxes: | ||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | — | — | ||||||
Change in fair value of treasury lock agreements, net of taxes | — | (4,078 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of period | — | (4,078 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of period | $ | (5,325 | ) | $ | 303,654 | |||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 2,180,080 | $ | 2,614,781 | ||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MARKEL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 16,358 | $ | 33,988 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | (6,303 | ) | 14,924 | |||||
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 10,055 | 48,912 | ||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturities and equity securities | 10,314 | 308,601 | ||||||
Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of fixed maturities | 59,612 | 35,289 | ||||||
Cost of fixed maturities and equity securities purchased | (8,474 | ) | (215,340 | ) | ||||
Net change in short-term investments | (135,967 | ) | (29,873 | ) | ||||
Cost of investments in affiliates | (771 | ) | (3,075 | ) | ||||
Other | 27,017 | (2,845 | ) | |||||
Net Cash Provided (Used) By Investing Activities | (48,269 | ) | 92,757 | |||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
Additions to senior long-term debt | 150,000 | — | ||||||
Repayments of senior long-term debt | (100,000 | ) | — | |||||
Repurchases of common stock | — | (8,902 | ) | |||||
Net Cash Provided (Used) By Financing Activities | 50,000 | (8,902 | ) | |||||
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (4,389 | ) | 1,628 | |||||
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | 7,397 | 134,395 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 639,578 | 477,661 | ||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 646,975 | $ | 612,056 | ||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 1. | Principles of Consolidation |
Markel Corporation (the Company) markets and underwrites specialty insurance products and programs to a variety of niche markets.
The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2009, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair presentation of such consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist only of normal, recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the entire year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 was derived from the Company’s audited annual consolidated financial statements.
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and notes. Readers are urged to review the Company’s 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more complete description of the Company’s business and accounting policies.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
| 2. | Net Income per Share |
Net income per share was determined by dividing net income by the applicable weighted average shares outstanding.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||
Net income as reported | $ | 16,358 | $ | 33,988 | ||
Basic common shares outstanding | 9,814 | 9,947 | ||||
Dilutive potential common shares | 9 | 22 | ||||
Diluted shares outstanding | 9,823 | 9,969 | ||||
Basic net income per share | $ | 1.67 | $ | 3.42 | ||
Diluted net income per share | $ | 1.67 | $ | 3.41 | ||
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| 3. | Reinsurance |
The following table summarizes the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||
| Written | Earned | Written | Earned | |||||||||||||
Direct | $ | 407,218 | $ | 462,892 | $ | 492,062 | $ | 520,491 | ||||||||
Assumed | 79,618 | 50,874 | 78,452 | 46,545 | ||||||||||||
Ceded | (48,781 | ) | (56,520 | ) | (61,291 | ) | (66,616 | ) | ||||||||
Net premiums | $ | 438,055 | $ | 457,246 | $ | 509,223 | $ | 500,420 | ||||||||
Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses were net of reinsurance recoverables (ceded incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses) of $16.1 million and $59.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
| 4. | Investments |
a) The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale investments.
| March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||
Fixed maturities: | |||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 784,627 | $ | 36,437 | $ | — | $ | 821,064 | |||||
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions | 1,908,304 | 31,430 | (41,352 | ) | 1,898,382 | ||||||||
Foreign governments | 271,217 | 12,767 | (17 | ) | 283,967 | ||||||||
Public utilities | 80,862 | 1,472 | (1,143 | ) | 81,191 | ||||||||
Convertibles and bonds with warrants | 24,406 | — | — | 24,406 | |||||||||
All other corporate bonds | 1,558,384 | 26,183 | (146,410 | ) | 1,438,157 | ||||||||
Total fixed maturities | 4,627,800 | 108,289 | (188,922 | ) | 4,547,167 | ||||||||
Equity securities: | |||||||||||||
Insurance companies, banks and trusts | 296,434 | 120,120 | (8,016 | ) | 408,538 | ||||||||
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other | 510,783 | 60,049 | (33,271 | ) | 537,561 | ||||||||
Total equity securities | 807,217 | 180,169 | (41,287 | ) | 946,099 | ||||||||
Short-term investments | 652,220 | 57 | (31 | ) | 652,246 | ||||||||
Investments, available-for-sale | $ | 6,087,237 | $ | 288,515 | $ | (230,240 | ) | $ | 6,145,512 | ||||
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b) The following table summarizes gross unrealized investment losses by the length of time that securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position.
| March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | |||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions | $ | 150,990 | $ | (6,896 | ) | $ | 631,628 | $ | (34,456 | ) | $ | 782,618 | $ | (41,352 | ) | ||||||
Foreign governments | 20,337 | (17 | ) | — | — | 20,337 | (17 | ) | |||||||||||||
Public utilities | 5,823 | (617 | ) | 4,638 | (526 | ) | 10,461 | (1,143 | ) | ||||||||||||
All other corporate bonds | 485,664 | (55,472 | ) | 459,767 | (90,938 | ) | 945,431 | (146,410 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total fixed maturities | 662,814 | (63,002 | ) | 1,096,033 | (125,920 | ) | 1,758,847 | (188,922 | ) | ||||||||||||
Equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Insurance companies, banks and trusts | 45,615 | (8,016 | ) | — | — | 45,615 | (8,016 | ) | |||||||||||||
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other | 275,781 | (31,834 | ) | 24,178 | (1,437 | ) | 299,959 | (33,271 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total equity securities | 321,396 | (39,850 | ) | 24,178 | (1,437 | ) | 345,574 | (41,287 | ) | ||||||||||||
Short-term investments | 44,097 | (31 | ) | — | — | 44,097 | (31 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,028,307 | $ | (102,883 | ) | $ | 1,120,211 | $ | (127,357 | ) | $ | 2,148,518 | $ | (230,240 | ) | ||||||
At March 31, 2009, the Company held 477 securities with a total estimated fair value of $2.1 billion and gross unrealized losses of $230.2 million. Of these 477 securities, 290 securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one year and had a total estimated fair value of $1.1 billion and gross unrealized losses of $127.4 million. Of these securities, 287 securities were fixed maturities where the Company expects to receive all interest and principal payments when contractually due and three were equity securities. Each of these equity securities had a fair value in excess of 85% of their cost basis at March 31, 2009.
All securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2009 were reviewed, and the Company believes that there were no indications of declines in the estimated fair value of these securities that were considered to be other-than-temporary. The Company considered many factors in completing its review, including its ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery, the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been below cost and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. For fixed maturities, the Company also considered the implied yield-to-maturity, the credit quality of the issuer and the ability to recover all amounts outstanding when contractually due.
The Company completes a detailed analysis each quarter to assess whether the decline in the fair value of any investment below its cost basis is deemed other-than-temporary. A decline in fair value that is considered to be other-than-temporary is charged to earnings based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment, resulting in a new cost basis for the security.
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c) The following table presents realized investment gains (losses) and the change in net unrealized holding gains.
| Quarter Ended March 31, | ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Realized gains: | ||||||||
Sales of fixed maturities | $ | 1,954 | $ | 6,562 | ||||
Sales of equity securities | 12 | 13,421 | ||||||
Other | — | 1,348 | ||||||
Total realized gains | 1,966 | 21,331 | ||||||
Realized losses: | ||||||||
Sales of fixed maturities | (1,101 | ) | (729 | ) | ||||
Sales of equity securities | (13 | ) | (4,882 | ) | ||||
Other-than-temporary impairments | (55,474 | ) | (72,028 | ) | ||||
Other | (561 | ) | — | |||||
Total realized losses | (57,149 | ) | (77,639 | ) | ||||
Net realized investment losses | $ | (55,183 | ) | $ | (56,308 | ) | ||
Change in net unrealized holding gains: | ||||||||
Fixed maturities | $ | 49,186 | $ | (29,580 | ) | |||
Equity securities | (79,699 | ) | (48,070 | ) | ||||
Short-term investments | 4 | — | ||||||
Net decrease | $ | (30,509 | ) | $ | (77,650 | ) | ||
Net realized investment losses included $55.5 million of write downs for other-than-temporary declines in the estimated fair value of investments for the quarter ended March 31, 2009. The write downs in 2009 related to 28 equity securities and ten fixed maturities. The most significant writedowns in 2009 related to the Company’s equity holdings in General Electric Company and United Parcel Service, Inc., for which the Company had write downs of $21.0 million and $9.5 million, respectively. Given the extent to which the fair value of these securities was below cost and management’s belief that these securities were unlikely to recover in the near term, the decline in fair value for these securities was deemed other-than-temporary and was charged to earnings. These two investments represent 55% of the total write down for other-than-temporary declines in the estimated fair value of investments for the first quarter of 2009. Net realized investment losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 included $72.0 million of write downs for other-than-temporary declines in the estimated fair value of investments.
| 5. | Segment Reporting Disclosures |
The Company operates in three segments of the specialty insurance marketplace: the Excess and Surplus Lines, the Specialty Admitted and the London markets.
All investing activities are included in the Investing segment. For purposes of segment reporting, the Other segment includes lines of business that have been discontinued in conjunction with an acquisition.
The Company considers many factors, including the nature of its insurance products, production sources, distribution strategies and regulatory environment in determining how to aggregate operating segments.
Segment profit or loss for each of the Company’s operating segments is measured by underwriting profit or loss.
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The property and casualty insurance industry commonly defines underwriting profit or loss as earned premiums net of losses and loss adjustment expenses and underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses. Underwriting profit or loss does not replace operating income or net income computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of profitability. Underwriting profit or loss provides a basis for management to evaluate the Company’s underwriting performance. Segment profit for the Investing segment is measured by net investment income and net realized investment gains or losses.
The Company does not allocate assets to the Excess and Surplus Lines, Specialty Admitted and London Insurance Market operating segments for management reporting purposes. Total invested assets and the related net investment income are allocated to the Investing segment since these assets are available for payment of losses and expenses for all operating segments. The Company does not allocate capital expenditures for long-lived assets to any of its operating segments for management reporting purposes.
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a) The following tables summarize the Company’s segment disclosures.
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Excess and Surplus Lines | Specialty Admitted | London Insurance Market | Investing | Other | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross premium volume | $ | 238,353 | $ | 63,456 | $ | 184,965 | $ | — | $ | 62 | $ | 486,836 | ||||||||||||
Net written premiums | 216,409 | 57,459 | 164,078 | — | 109 | 438,055 | ||||||||||||||||||
Earned premiums | $ | 249,240 | $ | 76,696 | $ | 131,201 | $ | — | $ | 109 | $ | 457,246 | ||||||||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current year | 164,926 | 50,473 | 94,720 | — | — | 310,119 | ||||||||||||||||||
Prior years | (45,606 | ) | 3,740 | (15,081 | ) | — | 239 | (56,708 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses | 103,683 | 30,203 | 47,556 | — | 395 | 181,837 | ||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting profit (loss) | 26,237 | (7,720 | ) | 4,006 | — | (525 | ) | 21,998 | ||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | 69,056 | — | 69,056 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized investment losses | — | — | — | (55,183 | ) | — | (55,183 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Segment profit (loss) | $ | 26,237 | $ | (7,720 | ) | $ | 4,006 | $ | 13,873 | $ | (525 | ) | $ | 35,871 | ||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 1,179 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 11,390 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 23,302 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. GAAP combined ratio(1) | 89 | % | 110 | % | 97 | % | — | NM | (2) | 95 | % | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Excess and Surplus Lines | Specialty Admitted | London Insurance Market | Investing | Other | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross premium volume | $ | 296,446 | $ | 71,557 | $ | 202,630 | $ | — | $ | (119 | ) | $ | 570,514 | |||||||||||
Net written premiums | 263,319 | 63,967 | 182,258 | — | (321 | ) | 509,223 | |||||||||||||||||
Earned premiums | $ | 277,397 | $ | 76,741 | $ | 146,603 | $ | — | $ | (321 | ) | $ | 500,420 | |||||||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current year | 178,261 | 48,316 | 100,924 | — | — | 327,501 | ||||||||||||||||||
Prior years | (30,617 | ) | (4,902 | ) | (15,040 | ) | — | 3,202 | (47,357 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses | 97,017 | 31,412 | 55,540 | — | (4,221 | ) | 179,748 | |||||||||||||||||
Underwriting profit | 32,736 | 1,915 | 5,179 | — | 698 | 40,528 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | 76,012 | — | 76,012 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net realized investment losses | — | — | — | (56,308 | ) | — | (56,308 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Segment profit | $ | 32,736 | $ | 1,915 | $ | 5,179 | $ | 19,704 | $ | 698 | $ | 60,232 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 950 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 12,831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 46,451 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. GAAP combined ratio(1) | 88 | % | 98 | % | 96 | % | — | NM | (2) | 92 | % | |||||||||||||
(1) | The U.S. GAAP combined ratio is a measure of underwriting performance and represents the relationship of incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses to earned premiums. |
(2) | NM – Ratio is not meaningful. |
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b) The following table reconciles segment assets to the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2009 | December 31, 2008 | ||||
Segment Assets: | ||||||
Investing | $ | 6,886,611 | $ | 6,908,456 | ||
Other | 2,509,142 | 2,569,234 | ||||
Total Assets | $ | 9,395,753 | $ | 9,477,690 | ||
| 6. | Derivatives |
In 2007, the Company entered into a credit default swap agreement, under which third party credit risk was transferred from a counterparty to the Company in exchange for $30.0 million. The Company entered into the credit default swap agreement for investment purposes. The initial notional amount of the credit default swap was $50.0 million, which represented the Company’s aggregate exposure to losses if specified credit events involving third party reference entities occur. These third party reference entities are specified under the terms of the agreement and represent a portfolio of names upon which the Company has assumed credit risk from the counterparty. The Company’s exposure to loss from any one reference entity is limited to $20.0 million. The credit default swap agreement also provides for a $10.0 million threshold, whereby the Company is not liable for the first $10.0 million of losses on the portfolio. Once the $10.0 million threshold is met, the Company is liable for a maximum of $50.0 million of losses. The credit default swap has a scheduled termination date of December 2014.
The credit default swap is accounted for as a derivative instrument and is recorded at fair value and any changes in fair value are recorded in net investment income. At March 31, 2009, the credit default swap had a fair value of $30.0 million. The fair value of the credit default swap is determined by the Company using an external valuation model that is dependent upon several inputs, including changes in interest rates, credit spreads, expected default rates, changes in credit quality, future expected recovery rates and other market factors. The fair value of the credit default swap is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, the change in the fair value of the credit default swap was less than $0.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, net investment income included an adverse change in the fair value of the credit default swap of $4.1 million.
Since entering into the credit default swap agreement, the Company has paid $16.9 million to settle its obligations related to credit events. These payments reduced the Company’s liability related to its credit default swap; as a result, the notional amount for which the Company has exposure decreased to $33.1 million.
The Company had no other material derivative instruments at March 31, 2009.
| 7. | Employee Benefit Plans |
a) Expenses relating to all of the Company’s defined contribution plans were $3.1 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
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b) The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost for the Terra Nova Pension Plan, a defined benefit plan.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Service cost | $ | 381 | $ | 522 | ||||
Interest cost | 1,361 | 1,573 | ||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (1,550 | ) | (1,936 | ) | ||||
Amortization of net actuarial pension loss | 455 | 428 | ||||||
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 647 | $ | 587 | ||||
The Company contributed $2.6 million to the Terra Nova Pension Plan during the first quarter of 2009. The Company expects plan contributions to total $3.8 million in 2009.
| 8. | Contingencies |
On February 10, 2009, Guaranty Bank, an insured under a program written by the Company covering financial institutions against defaults on second mortgages and home equity loans, filed a lawsuit against the Company’s subsidiary, Evanston Insurance Company, and the managing general agent for the program, Universal Assurors Agency, Inc., in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. The lawsuit alleges violations of the Wisconsin insurance code relating to Guaranty Bank’s policy, which has been in force since 2004, and seeks, among other things, the return of all premiums paid under the policy and a declaration requiring continued coverage of losses notwithstanding the claim for return of premiums paid. Premiums paid from inception of Guaranty Bank’s policy through March 31, 2009 have been approximately $33 million and covered losses have been approximately $25 million. At March 31, 2009, the policy insured a portfolio of loans totaling approximately $625 million, and the limit of the Company’s liability for additional losses with respect to the covered loans is estimated to be approximately $133 million. On March 23, 2009, Guaranty Bank filed a motion with the court, to which the Company has responded, asking that it be relieved from paying premiums while the litigation is pending, with the Company still being required to pay losses. While the Company does not believe Guaranty Bank is entitled to the relief sought, either in the motion for a preliminary injunction or the lawsuit itself, the outcome of the lawsuit cannot be predicted at this time.
Other contingencies arise in the normal conduct of the Company’s operations and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. However, adverse outcomes are possible and could negatively impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
| 9. | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2,Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments. FSP No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 amends the requirements for recognizing other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities and modifies the presentation of other-than-temporary impairment losses in the financial statements. This FSP requires entities to separate an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security into two components when there are credit-related losses associated with the impaired debt security for which management asserts that it does not have the intent to sell the security, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the security, before recovery of the security’s amortized cost. The amount of the other-than-temporary impairment related to a credit loss is recognized in earnings, and the amount of the other-than-
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temporary impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. Upon adoption of this FSP, an entity is required to reclassify from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) the non-credit portion of an other-than-temporary impairment loss previously recognized on a security it holds if the entity does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the security, before recovery of the security’s amortized cost. This FSP also expands disclosure requirements related to other-than-temporary impairment. This FSP does not amend existing recognition and measurement guidance related to other-than-temporary impairments of equity securities. The Company will adopt FSP No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 effective for the quarter ending June 30, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating FSP No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 to determine the impact that adoption of this FSP will have on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-4,Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly. FSP No. FAS 157-4 provides guidance on how to estimate fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased. Under the provisions of this FSP, if an entity determines that there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability (or similar assets or liabilities), then transactions or quoted prices may not accurately reflect fair value. In such instances, further analysis of the transactions or quoted prices is required, and a significant adjustment to the transactions or quoted prices may be necessary to estimate fair value. FSP No. FAS 157-4 also provides guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. Under the provisions of this FSP, if evidence indicates that a transaction is not orderly, an entity should place little, if any, weight on that transaction price when estimating fair value. The Company will adopt FSP No. FAS 157-4 effective for the quarter ending June 30, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating FSP No. FAS 157-4 to determine the impact that adoption of this FSP will have on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1,Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments. FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 requires disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments to be included in interim financial statements, adding to the existing requirement to provide those disclosures in annual financial statements. The Company will adopt FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 effective for the quarter ending June 30, 2009. Since FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 addresses financial statement disclosures only, the adoption of this FSP will not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
| 10. | Fair Value Measurements |
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (Statement) No. 157,Fair Value Measurements. Statement No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value, clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework and expands disclosure requirements regarding the use of fair value measurements The adoption of Statement No. 157 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 157-2,Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157. FSP No. 157-2 deferred the effective date of Statement No. 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis, until January 1, 2009. The adoption of FSP No. 157-2 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Statement No. 157 establishes a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the assets or liabilities fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. Classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy considers the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability and transparency of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets.
Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and market-corroborated inputs.
Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability and are significant to the fair value measurement.
In accordance with Statement No. 157, the Company determines fair value based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods, including the market, income and cost approaches. The Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure assets and liabilities at fair value, including an indication of the level within the fair value hierarchy in which each asset or liability is generally classified.
Investments available for sale.Investments available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and include fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments. Short-term investments include certificates of deposit, commercial paper, discount notes and treasury bills with original maturities of one year or less. Fair value for investments available for sale is determined by the Company after considering various sources of information, including information provided by a third party pricing service. The pricing service provides prices for substantially all of the Company’s fixed maturities and equity securities. In determining fair value, the Company generally does not adjust the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company obtains an understanding of the pricing service’s valuation methodologies and related inputs, which include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, duration, credit ratings, estimated cash flows and prepayment speeds. The Company validates prices provided by the pricing service by reviewing prices from other pricing sources and analyzing pricing data in certain instances.
Fair value for investments available for sale is measured based upon quoted prices in active markets, if available. Due to variations in trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices for fixed maturities, the fair value of fixed maturities is normally derived through recent reported trades for identical or similar securities, making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable data described above. If there are no recent reported trades, the fair value of fixed maturities may be derived through the use of matrix pricing or model processes, where future cash flow expectations are developed based upon
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collateral performance and discounted at an estimated market rate.
The Company has evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Level 1 investments include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 investments include U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies, municipal bonds, foreign government bonds and corporate debt securities.
Derivatives.Derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and include a credit default swap. The fair value of the credit default swap is measured by the Company using a third party pricing model. See note 6 for a discussion of the valuation model for the credit default swap, including the key inputs and assumptions to the model. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs required in measuring the fair value of the credit default swap, the credit default swap has been classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2009, by level within the fair value hierarchy.
(dollars in thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||
Investments available for sale: | ||||||||||||
Fixed maturities | $ | — | $ | 4,547,167 | $ | — | $ | 4,547,167 | ||||
Equity securities | 946,099 | — | — | 946,099 | ||||||||
Short-term investments | 609,149 | 43,097 | — | 652,246 | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Derivatives | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 29,958 | $ | 29,958 | ||||
The following table summarizes changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(dollars in thousands) | Derivatives | |||
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2009 | $ | 29,964 | ||
Total net gains for the quarter included in: | ||||
Net income | (6 | ) | ||
Other comprehensive loss | — | |||
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net | — | |||
Net transfers into (out of) Level 3 | — | |||
Ending balance as of March 31, 2009 | $ | 29,958 | ||
Net unrealized gains included in net income for the quarter relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2009 | $ | (6 | )(1) | |
(1) | Included in net investment income in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive loss. |
The Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
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| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of Markel Corporation and all subsidiaries.
Critical accounting estimates are those estimates that both are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require us to exercise significant judgment. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of material contingent assets and liabilities, including litigation contingencies. These estimates, by necessity, are based on assumptions about numerous factors.
We review our critical accounting estimates and assumptions quarterly. These reviews include evaluating the adequacy of reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, the reinsurance allowance for doubtful accounts and income tax liabilities, as well as analyzing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, assessing goodwill for impairment and evaluating the investment portfolio for other-than-temporary declines in estimated fair value. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
Readers are urged to review our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more complete description of our critical accounting estimates.
Our Business
We market and underwrite specialty insurance products and programs to a variety of niche markets and believe that our specialty product focus and niche market strategy enable us to develop expertise and specialized market knowledge. We seek to differentiate ourselves from competitors by our expertise, service, continuity and other value-based considerations. We compete in three segments of the specialty insurance marketplace: the Excess and Surplus Lines, the Specialty Admitted and the London markets. Our financial goals are to earn consistent underwriting profits and superior investment returns to build shareholder value.
Our Excess and Surplus Lines segment writes property and casualty insurance outside of the standard market for hard-to-place risks including catastrophe-exposed property, professional liability, products liability, general liability, commercial umbrella and other coverages tailored for unique exposures. In 2008, our Excess and Surplus Lines segment was comprised of four underwriting units, each with product-focused specialists servicing brokers, agents and insureds across the United States from their respective underwriting unit locations. In late March 2009, we transitioned the four underwriting units included in our Excess and Surplus Lines segment to a customer-focused regional office model as part of our previously announced “One Markel” initiative. Under this new model, each of our five regional offices will be responsible for serving the needs of the wholesale producers located in its region. The underwriters at our regional offices have access to and expertise in all of our product offerings and are located closer to our producers.
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Our Specialty Admitted segment writes risks that, although unique and hard-to-place in the standard market, must remain with an admitted insurance company for marketing and regulatory reasons. Our underwriting units in this segment write specialty program insurance for well-defined niche markets and personal and commercial property and liability coverages. During 2009, our Specialty Admitted segment consists of two underwriting units. Our Specialty Admitted segment included a third underwriting unit, Markel Global Marine and Energy, until late 2008 when we decided to close that unit and place its programs into run-off.
Our London Insurance Market segment writes specialty property, casualty, professional liability and marine insurance and reinsurance on a worldwide basis. We participate in the London Market through Markel International, which includes Markel Capital Limited and Markel International Insurance Company Limited, wholly-owned subsidiaries. Markel Capital Limited is the corporate capital provider for Markel Syndicate 3000 at Lloyd’s, which is managed by Markel Syndicate Management Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary.
For purposes of segment reporting, the Other segment includes lines of business that have been discontinued in conjunction with an acquisition.
Key Performance Indicators
We measure financial success by our ability to compound growth in book value per share at a high rate of return over a long period of time. We recognize that it is difficult to grow book value consistently each year, so we measure ourselves over a five-year period. We believe that growth in book value per share is the most comprehensive measure of our success because it includes all underwriting and investing results. We measure underwriting results by our underwriting profit or loss and combined ratio. These measures are discussed in greater detail under “Results of Operations.”
Results of Operations
The following table compares the components of net income.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Underwriting profit | $ | 21,998 | $ | 40,528 | ||||
Net investment income | 69,056 | 76,012 | ||||||
Net realized investment losses | (55,183 | ) | (56,308 | ) | ||||
Amortization of intangible assets | (1,179 | ) | (950 | ) | ||||
Interest expense | (11,390 | ) | (12,831 | ) | ||||
Income tax expense | (6,944 | ) | (12,463 | ) | ||||
Net income | $ | 16,358 | $ | 33,988 | ||||
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2009 decreased due to lower underwriting profits and lower investment returns as compared to the same period of 2008. The components of net income are discussed in further detail under “Underwriting Results,” “Investing Results” and “Other Expenses.”
Underwriting Results
Underwriting profits are a key component of our strategy to grow book value per share. We believe that the ability to achieve consistent underwriting profits demonstrates knowledge and expertise, commitment to
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superior customer service and the ability to manage insurance risk. The property and casualty insurance industry commonly defines underwriting profit or loss as earned premiums net of losses and loss adjustment expenses and underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses. We use underwriting profit or loss as a basis for evaluating our underwriting performance.
The following table compares selected data from our underwriting operations.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Gross premium volume | $ | 486,836 | $ | 570,514 | ||||
Net written premiums | $ | 438,055 | $ | 509,223 | ||||
Net retention | 90 | % | 89 | % | ||||
Earned premiums | $ | 457,246 | $ | 500,420 | ||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | $ | 253,411 | $ | 280,144 | ||||
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses | $ | 181,837 | $ | 179,748 | ||||
Underwriting profit | $ | 21,998 | $ | 40,528 | ||||
U.S. GAAP Combined Ratios(1) | ||||||||
Excess and Surplus Lines | 89 | % | 88 | % | ||||
Specialty Admitted | 110 | % | 98 | % | ||||
London Insurance Market | 97 | % | 96 | % | ||||
Other | NM | (2) | NM | (2) | ||||
Markel Corporation (Consolidated) | 95 | % | 92 | % | ||||
(1) | The U.S. GAAP combined ratio is a measure of underwriting performance and represents the relationship of incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses to earned premiums. A combined ratio less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined ratio greater than 100% reflects an underwriting loss. |
(2) | NM – Ratio is not meaningful. |
Our combined ratio was 95% for the first quarter of 2009 compared to 92% for the same period last year. The increase in the combined ratio was due to a higher current accident year loss ratio and a higher expense ratio, partially offset by more favorable development of prior years’ loss reserves during the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. The expense ratio for the first quarter of 2009 included approximately $8 million, or 2 points on the combined ratio, of costs associated with the implementation of our One Markel initiative.
The combined ratio for the Excess and Surplus Lines segment was 89% for the first quarter of 2009 compared to 88% for the same period last year. The increase in the combined ratio was primarily attributable to a higher expense ratio, which was due to costs associated with the implementation of our One Markel initiative and a decline in earned premiums in 2009 compared to 2008. The unfavorable impact of a higher expense ratio was offset in part by more favorable development of prior years’ loss reserves in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period of 2008, principally on our professional and product liability programs in this segment. The Excess and Surplus Lines segment’s combined ratio for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 included $45.6 million of favorable development on prior years’ loss reserves compared to $30.6 million of favorable development for the same period of 2008.
The combined ratio for the Specialty Admitted segment was 110% for the quarter ended March 31, 2009
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compared to 98% for the same period of 2008. The increase in the combined ratio was primarily due to unfavorable development of prior years’ loss reserves of $3.7 million during the first quarter of 2009 compared to favorable development of prior years’ loss reserves of $4.9 million during the same period of 2008. The unfavorable development of prior years’ loss reserves during the first quarter of 2009 was primarily due to an increase in the expected ultimate losses on the 2008 accident year for the excess liability program at the Markel Global Marine & Energy unit.
The combined ratio for the London Insurance Market segment was 97% for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 compared to 96% for the same period of 2008. The increase in the combined ratio in the first quarter of 2009 was due to a higher current accident year loss ratio, which was offset in part by a lower expense ratio compared to the first quarter of 2008. The higher current accident year loss ratio in 2009 was primarily the result of soft insurance market conditions, as well as adverse loss experience on the medical malpractice and construction professionals classes within the Professional and Financial Risks division. In late 2008, we ceased writing medical malpractice coverage at Markel International; however, premiums on this business will continue to be earned over the next several quarters. The London Insurance Market segment’s combined ratio during the first quarter of both 2009 and 2008 included $15.0 million of favorable development on prior years’ loss reserves.
The Other segment produced an underwriting loss of $0.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 compared to an underwriting profit of $0.7 million for the same period of 2008.
Premiums and Net Retentions
The following table summarizes gross premium volume and net written premiums by segment.
| Gross Premium Volume Three Months Ended March 31, | Net Written Premiums Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | (dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 238,353 | $ | 296,446 | Excess and Surplus Lines | $ | 216,409 | $ | 263,319 | ||||||||
| 63,456 | 71,557 | Specialty Admitted | 57,459 | 63,967 | ||||||||||||
| 184,965 | 202,630 | London Insurance Market | 164,078 | 182,258 | ||||||||||||
| 62 | (119 | ) | Other | 109 | (321 | ) | ||||||||||
| $ | 486,836 | $ | 570,514 | Total | $ | 438,055 | $ | 509,223 | ||||||||
Gross premium volume for the first quarter of 2009 decreased 15% compared to the same period of 2008 primarily due to continued intense competition across many of our product lines and to the effects of the current economic environment. Premiums for many of our product lines are based upon our insureds’ revenues, gross receipts or payroll, which have been negatively impacted by the depressed levels of business activity that began in 2008. Also contributing to the decline in gross premium volume in 2009 are the effects of foreign currency exchange rate movements. Had currency exchange rates remained constant between the first quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2008, gross written premiums would have decreased 10%.
In late 2008, we reviewed the pricing for all of our major product lines and began pursuing price increases in many product areas. During the first quarter of 2009, we saw the rate of decline in prices slow and experienced moderate price increases in several product lines, most notably those offered by Markel International. When we believe the prevailing market price will not support our underwriting profit targets, the business is not written. As a result of our underwriting discipline, gross premium volume has declined and, if the competitive environment does not improve, could decline further in the future.
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As part of our underwriting philosophy, we seek to offer products with limits that do not require significant amounts of reinsurance. We purchase reinsurance in order to reduce our retention on individual risks and enable us to write policies with sufficient limits to meet policyholder needs. Net retention of gross premium volume for the first quarter of 2009 was 90% compared to 89% for the same period of 2008. Net retention of gross premium volume has increased consistent with our strategy to retain more of our profitable business.
The following table summarizes earned premiums by segment.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2009 | 2008 | |||||
Excess and Surplus Lines | $ | 249,240 | $ | 277,397 | |||
Specialty Admitted | 76,696 | 76,741 | |||||
London Insurance Market | 131,201 | 146,603 | |||||
Other | 109 | (321 | ) | ||||
Total | $ | 457,246 | $ | 500,420 | |||
Earned premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2009 decreased 9% compared to the same period of 2008. The decrease in 2009 was due in part to the effects of foreign currency exchange rate movements. Had currency exchange rates remained constant between the first quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2008, earned premiums would have decreased 4%. Excluding the effects of foreign currency, the decrease in 2009 was primarily due to lower earned premiums in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment as a result of lower gross premium volume compared to 2008.
Investing Results
Net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $69.1 million compared to $76.0 million for the same period of 2008. The decrease for the first quarter of 2009 was primarily due to having lower average invested assets and lower yields compared to the first quarter of 2008. Our investment yield has declined compared to 2008 as we have increased our allocation to short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents and short-term interest rates have declined. Additionally, dividend income was lower in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period of 2008. Net investment income for the first quarter of 2008 included an adverse change in the fair value of the credit default swap of $4.1 million. For the first quarter of 2009, the change in the fair value of the credit default swap was less than $0.1 million.
Net realized investment losses for the first quarter of 2009 were $55.2 million compared to $56.3 million for the first quarter of 2008. Net realized investment losses for the first quarter of 2009 included $55.5 million of write downs for other-than-temporary declines in the estimated fair value of investments compared to $72.0 million for the same period of 2008. The write downs in 2009 related to 28 equity securities and ten fixed maturities. The most significant write downs in 2009 related to our equity holdings in General Electric Company and United Parcel Service, Inc., for which we had write downs of $21.0 million and $9.5 million, respectively. Given the extent to which the fair value of these securities was below cost and management’s belief that these securities were unlikely to recover in the near term, the decline in fair value for these securities was deemed other-than-temporary and was charged to earnings. These two investments represent 55% of the total write down for other-than-temporary declines in the estimated fair value of investments for the first quarter of 2009.
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We complete a detailed analysis each quarter to assess whether the decline in the value of any investment below its cost basis is deemed other-than-temporary. At March 31, 2009, we held securities with gross unrealized losses of $230.2 million, or approximately 3% of our total invested assets. All securities with unrealized losses were reviewed, and we believe that there were no other securities with indications of declines in estimated fair value that were other-than-temporary at March 31, 2009. However, given the volatility in the debt and equity markets, we caution readers that further declines in fair value could be significant and may result in additional other-than-temporary impairment charges in future periods.
Other Expenses
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2009 decreased to $11.4 million from $12.8 million in the same period of 2008 primarily due to the maturity of our 7.00% unsecured senior notes in May 2008.
The estimated annual effective tax rate was 30% and 27% for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in 2009 is primarily due to a higher effective tax rate on capital items. For both periods, the estimated annual effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 35% primarily as a result of tax-exempt investment income.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss was $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to $19.9 million for the same period of 2008. Comprehensive loss for the first quarter of 2009 included net unrealized losses on investments, net of taxes, of $19.5 million, partially offset by net income of $16.4 million. Comprehensive loss for the first quarter of 2008 included net unrealized losses on investments, net of taxes, of $50.0 million, partially offset by net income of $34.0 million.
Financial Condition
Invested assets were $6.9 billion at both March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Net unrealized holding gains on investments, net of taxes, were $39.1 million at March 31, 2009 compared to $58.7 million at December 31, 2008. Equity securities and investments in affiliates were $1.0 billion, or 15% of invested assets, at March 31, 2009 compared to $1.2 billion, or 17% of invested assets, at December 31, 2008.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to $48.9 million for the same period of 2008. The decrease in 2009 was primarily due to lower cash flows from underwriting activities in the Excess and Surplus Lines segment, partially offset by lower incentive compensation payments compared to the same period of 2008.
Net cash used by investing activities was $48.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $92.8 million for the same period of 2008. During the first quarter of 2009, we continued to increase our holdings of short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. As bonds matured, we reinvested the proceeds in short-term investments. We did not purchase or sell significant amounts of equity securities or fixed maturities during the first quarter of 2009.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $50.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to net cash used by financing activities of $8.9 million for the same period of 2008. During the first
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quarter of 2009, net borrowings under our revolving credit facility increased $50 million. During the first quarter of 2008, cash of $8.9 million was used to repurchase shares of our common stock.
We seek to maintain prudent levels of liquidity and financial leverage for the protection of our policyholders, creditors and shareholders. Our target capital structure includes approximately 30% debt. Our debt to total capital ratio was 25% at March 31, 2009 and 24% at December 31, 2008. From time to time, our debt to total capital ratio may increase due to business opportunities that may be financed in the short term with debt. Alternatively, our debt to total capital ratio may fall below our target capital structure, which provides us with additional borrowing capacity to respond quickly when future opportunities arise.
We have access to various capital sources, including dividends from certain of our insurance subsidiaries, holding company invested assets, undrawn capacity under our revolving credit facility and access to the debt and equity capital markets. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our capital needs.
At March 31, 2009, our holding company had $707.6 million of invested assets compared to $650.6 million of invested assets at December 31, 2008.
Shareholders’ equity was $2.2 billion at both March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Book value per share decreased to $222.14 at March 31, 2009 from $222.20 at December 31, 2008 primarily due to $2.0 million of comprehensive loss in the first quarter of 2009.
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in equity prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities with estimated fair values that are subject to market risk. Historically, our primary market risks have been equity price risk associated with investments in equity securities, interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturities and foreign currency exchange rate risk for our international operations. We have no material commodity risk.
During the first quarter of 2009, there were no material changes to the market risk components described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
During 2008, there were significant disruptions in the financial markets, which have continued into 2009. These market disruptions have resulted in a lack of liquidity within the credit markets, which has increased credit risk in the financial markets and resulted in the widening of credit spreads. Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from adverse changes in an issuer’s ability to repay its debt obligations. Net unrealized investment losses on fixed maturities were $80.6 million at March 31, 2009 compared to $129.8 million at December 31, 2008. The net unrealized investment losses on our fixed maturity portfolio were due in part to increased credit risk.
We monitor our portfolio to ensure that credit risk does not exceed prudent levels. We have consistently invested in high credit quality, investment grade securities. Our fixed maturity portfolio has an average rating of “AA,” with approximately 90% rated “A” or better by at least one nationally recognized rating organization. Our policy is to invest in investment grade securities and to minimize investments in fixed maturities that are unrated or rated below investment grade. At March 31, 2009, approximately 2% of our fixed maturity portfolio was unrated or rated below investment grade. Our fixed maturity portfolio includes securities issued with
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financial guaranty insurance. We purchase fixed maturities based on our assessment of the credit quality of the underlying assets without regard to insurance.
The estimated fair value of our investment portfolio at March 31, 2009 was $6.9 billion, 85% of which was invested in fixed maturities, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents and 15% of which was invested in equity securities and investments in affiliates. At December 31, 2008, the estimated fair value of our investment portfolio was $6.9 billion, 83% of which was invested in fixed maturities, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents and 17% of which was invested in equity securities and investments in affiliates.
Our fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments are recorded at fair value, which is measured based upon quoted prices in active markets, if available. We determine fair value for these investments after considering various sources of information, including information provided by a third party pricing service. The pricing service provides prices for substantially all of our fixed maturities and equity securities. In determining fair value, we generally do not adjust the prices obtained from the pricing service. We obtain an understanding of the pricing service’s valuation methodologies and related inputs, which include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, duration, credit ratings, estimated cash flows and prepayment speeds. We validate prices provided by the pricing service by reviewing prices from other pricing sources and analyzing pricing data in certain instances. We evaluate the various types of securities in our investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. At March 31, 2009, we did not hold material investments in auction rate securities, loans held for sale or mortgage-backed securities backed by subprime or Alt-A collateral, which are financial instruments whose valuations, in many cases, have been significantly affected by a lack of market liquidity.
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15 (Disclosure Controls). This evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (CFO).
Our management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Based upon our controls evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that our Disclosure Controls provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in our periodic reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding
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disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2009 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Safe Harbor and Cautionary Statement
This report contains statements concerning or incorporating our expectations, assumptions, plans, objectives, future financial or operating performance and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
There are risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from predicted results in forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ are often presented with the forward-looking statements themselves. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ from those predicted are set forth under “Risk Factors” and “Safe Harbor and Cautionary Statement” in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K or are included in the items listed below:
| • | our anticipated premium volume is based on current knowledge and assumes no significant man-made or natural catastrophes, no significant changes in products or personnel and no adverse changes in market conditions; |
| • | we are legally required in certain instances to offer terrorism insurance and have attempted to manage our exposure; however, if there is a covered terrorist attack, we could sustain material losses; |
| • | the impact of the events of September 11, 2001 will depend on the resolution of on-going insurance coverage litigation and arbitrations; |
| • | the frequency and severity of catastrophic events is unpredictable and may be exacerbated if, as many forecast, conditions in the ocean and atmosphere result in increased hurricane or other adverse weather-related activity; |
| • | changing legal and social trends and inherent uncertainties (including but not limited to those uncertainties associated with our asbestos and environmental reserves) in the loss estimation process can adversely impact the adequacy of loss reserves and the allowance for reinsurance recoverables; |
| • | adverse developments in insurance coverage litigation could result in material increases in our estimates of loss reserves; |
| • | the costs and availability of reinsurance may impact our ability to write certain lines of business; |
| • | industry and economic conditions can affect the ability and/or willingness of reinsurers to pay balances due; |
| • | after the commutation of ceded reinsurance contracts, any subsequent adverse development in the re-assumed loss reserves will result in a charge to earnings; |
| • | regulatory actions can impede our ability to charge adequate rates and efficiently allocate capital; |
| • | economic conditions, volatility in interest and foreign currency exchange rates and concentration of investments can have a significant impact on the fair value of fixed maturity and equity investments, as well as the carrying value of other assets and liabilities, and this impact is heightened by the current levels of market volatility; |
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| • | we cannot predict the extent and duration of current economic and market disruptions; the effects of government interventions (including, among other things, financial stability and recovery initiatives, the American International Group, Inc. takeover, the economic stimulus package and potential regulatory changes) into the market to address these disruptions; and their combined impact on our industry, business and investment portfolio; |
| • | because of adverse conditions in the financial services industry, access to capital has generally become more difficult, which may adversely affect our ability to take advantage of business opportunities as they may arise; |
| • | our new business model may take longer to implement and cost more than we anticipate and may not achieve some or all of its objectives; |
| • | loss of services of any executive officers could impact our operations; and |
| • | adverse changes in our assigned financial strength or debt ratings could impact our ability to attract and retain business or obtain capital. |
Our premium volume and underwriting and investment results have been and will continue to be potentially materially affected by these factors. By making forward-looking statements, we do not intend to become obligated to publicly update or revise any such statements whether as a result of new information, future events or other changes. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as at their dates.
| Item 6. | Exhibits |
See Exhibit Index for a list of exhibits filed as part of this report.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, this 6th day of May, 2009.
| Markel Corporation | ||
| By | /s/ Alan I. Kirshner | |
| Alan I. Kirshner | ||
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| By | /s/ Richard R. Whitt, III | |
| Richard R. Whitt, III | ||
| Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
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Number | Description | |
| 3(i) | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (3(i))a | |
| 3(ii) | Bylaws, as amended (3.1)b | |
| 4(i) | Form of Credit Agreement dated August 25, 2005, among Markel Corporation, the lenders from time to time party thereto, SunTrust Bank, as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender, Wachovia Bank, N.A., as Syndication Agent, and Barclays Bank PLC and HSBC Bank USA, N.A., as Co-Documentation Agents (4)c | |
| 4(ii) | First Amendment dated March 17, 2006, to Credit Agreement dated August 25, 2005, among Markel Corporation, the banks and financial institutions from time to time party thereto, and SunTrust Bank, as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender (4(ii))d | |
| The registrant hereby agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of all instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the registrant and subsidiaries shown on the Consolidated Balance Sheet of the registrant at March 31, 2009 and the respective Notes thereto, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. | ||
| 10.1 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for F. Michael Crowley* | |
| 10.2 | Form of 2009 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Executive Officers* | |
| 10.3 | Form of 2009 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for F. Michael Crowley* | |
| 31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)* | |
| 31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)* | |
| 32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer furnished Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350* | |
| 32.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer furnished Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350* | |
| a. | Incorporated by reference from the Exhibit shown in parentheses filed with the Commission in the Registrant’s report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2000. |
| b. | Incorporated by reference from the Exhibit shown in parentheses filed with the Commission in the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2007. |
| c. | Incorporated by reference from the Exhibit shown in parentheses filed with the Commission in the Registrant’s report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005. |
| d. | Incorporated by reference from the Exhibit shown in parentheses filed with the Commission in the Registrant’s report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006. |
| * | Filed with this report. |
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