As filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on August 15, 2007
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
____________________________
SULPHCO, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Nevada | | 87-0365673 |
(State or other jurisdiction of | | (I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) | | Identification No.) |
SulphCo, Inc.
4333 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N., Suite 190
Houston, TX 77043
(713) 896-9100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of Registrant's principal executive office)
Mr. Stanley W. Farmer
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
SulphCo, Inc.
4333 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N., Suite 190
Houston, TX 77043
(713) 896-9100
(Name, Address, including zip code, and
telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copy to:
Robert S. Matlin, Esq.
Robert Shin, Esq.
Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP
599 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10022
212-536-3900
_____________________
Approximate date of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the Registration Statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. x
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED | | AMOUNT TO BE REGISTERED(1)(2) | | PROPOSED MAXIMUM OFFERING PRICE PER UNIT(3) | | PROPOSED MAXIMUM OFFERING PRICE | | AMOUNT OF REGISTRATION FEE | |
Warrants | | | | | | 100 | % | | | | | | |
Common Shares, par value $0.001 per share | | | | | | 100 | % | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | 100 | % | $ | 150,000,000 | (3) | $ | 4,605 | |
| |
(1) | An indeterminate aggregate initial offering price or number of the securities of each identified class is being registered as may from time to time be issued by the registrant at indeterminate prices, with an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $150,000,000 or the equivalent thereof in one or more other currencies, currency units or composite currencies. |
(2) | Includes such indeterminate amounts of warrants and common shares as may from time to time be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any securities that provide for that issuance. |
(3) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. |
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.
PROSPECTUS
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED August 15, 2007
$150,000,000
SULPHCO, INC.
WARRANTS
COMMON SHARES
SulphCo, Inc. from time to time may offer to sell warrants and common shares. The warrants may be exercisable for common shares of SulphCo, Inc.
The common shares of SulphCo, Inc. are listed on the American Stock Exchange and trade under the ticker symbol “SUF.”
The total amount of warrants and common shares will have an initial aggregate offering price of up to $150,000,000 or the equivalent amount in other currencies, currency units or composite currencies, although SulphCo, Inc. may increase this amount in the future.
The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continuous or delayed basis.
This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities and the general manner in which they may be offered. The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus.
Investing in our securities involves risks. See ‘‘Risk Factors’’ beginning on page 4. The prospectus supplement applicable to each type or series of securities we offer may contain a discussion of additional risks applicable to an investment in us and the particular type of securities we are offering under that prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
___________ __, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page No. |
| |
SUMMARY | 3 |
| |
RISK FACTORS | 4 |
| |
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 12 |
| |
USE OF PROCEEDS | 13 |
| |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 13 |
| |
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS | 15 |
| |
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL | 16 |
| |
CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS | 17 |
| |
EXPERTS | 18 |
| |
LEGAL MATTERS | 18 |
| |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION | 18 |
| |
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS | 19 |
About this Prospectus
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. When we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
SUMMARY
This summary highlights important information included in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
References to "we," "us," "our company," “the Company” and "SulphCo" refer to SulphCo, Inc.
Our Company
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada in 1986. Our predecessor, GRD, Inc., commenced its current line of business in 1999. Our executive offices are located at 4333 W. Sam Houston Pkwy N., Suite 190, Houston, TX 77043. Our telephone number is (713) 896-9100. Our corporate website is www.sulphco.com. Information contained in our website is not part of this prospectus.
Our Business
We are engaged in the business of developing and commercializing our patented and proprietary technology for the “upgrading” of crude oil by reducing its relative density, its viscosity and its sulfur and nitrogen content. Our patented and proprietary process, which we refer to as Sonocracking™, is based upon the novel use of high power ultrasonics - the application of high energy, high frequency sound waves - which alters the molecular structure of the crude oil. This decreases the relative density and viscosity of crude oil and correspondingly increases the amount of lighter oils that can be recovered during the refinery processes. Other beneficial changes to the crude oil as a result of the Sonocracking technology include a reduction in the weight percentage of sulfur as well as a reduction in the parts per million of nitrogen.
The markets for our Sonocracking™ technology and our Sonocracker™ units are crude oil producers and refiners. The economic value of crude oil is driven largely by both the relative density of the crude and sulfur content. Because our technology is expected to decrease the relative density of crude oil and at the same time reduce the sulfur content in a cost-effective way, the successful commercialization of our technology can be expected to produce economic benefits to future customers in these markets.
We have been developing our Sonocracking technologies on an ongoing basis since 1999. Testing has been done through in-house facilities and through third parties. Beginning in mid-2002 our development activities centered around re-designing, upgrading and testing of laboratory scale prototypes utilizing more powerful ultrasonic generators, and redesigning these prototypes to accommodate the more powerful generators.
During 2005, we completed construction of a 5,000 bbl/day Sonocracking unit and a 15,000 bbl/day Sonocracking unit at our facilities in Sparks, Nevada, which culminated months of testing the internal components of the unit at our facility. These units are designed to be modular in order to facilitate both scalability and maintenance. The 15,000 bbl/day unit incorporates three reactor probe assemblies and associated equipment as used in the 5,000 bbl/day unit. Both the 5,000 and 15,000 bbl/day units are prototypes used for demonstration to customers who may request customized alterations to fit their processing needs.
Approximately two years ago, we completed the design of a Sonocracking unit intended to process 30,000 bbl/day. This unit is based upon the design of the 5,000 and 15,000 bbl/day prototypes, whereby a 15,000 bbl/day unit consists of three 5,000 bbl/day units, and a 30,000 bbl/day unit consists of six 5,000 bbl/day units. In December 2005, we entered into an agreement with NTG GmbH (NTG) of Gelnhausen, Germany to manufacture seven 30,000 bbl/day fully automated, stainless steel Sonocracking units pursuant to SulphCo’s design and specifications. Six of these units were installed in our test facility in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates (“Fujairah”). The 30,000 bbl/day unit is expected to be used as a commercial prototype when fulfilling future orders.
During 2006, we entered into Memorandums of Understanding (“MOU”), Letters of Intent (“LOI”) and testing agreements with several major oil companies including Total in France, Petrobras in Brazil, SK Corporation in South Korea, Hyundai Oilbank Co., Ltd in South Korea, and OMV in Austria. These agreements indicate the market’s interest in the SulphCo, Inc. Sonocracking ™ technology and provide us several avenues for validation testing of the process. Furthermore, these testing agreements lay the groundwork for future commercial discussions and development options for the technology.
In 2006, we entered into an MOU with Pierson Capital International Ltd (“Pierson”). As part of the agreement, Pierson accepted the appointment as SulphCo, Inc.’s advisor and coordinator for operational logistics associated with the Sonocracking™ technology, beginning with the test facility under construction in Fujairah, UAE. Included within the scope of Pierson’s involvement in Fujairah are marine terminal capabilities, storage and tanker capacities, and import and export management.
We continued construction of a 180,000 bbl/day Sonocracking™ test facility in Fujairah, UAE throughout 2006. Over the course of the year, a land lease was procured for the production site, and over $20 million was invested in a test facility. Although progress in 2006 was hampered with delays due to poor execution by our construction contractor, several steps were taken to remediate those issues, and we commissioned the first Sonocracking ™ unit in August of 2007.
In late 2006 and early 2007, we engaged two external vendors to facilitate the development of ultrasound probes with improved operational performance and reliability. We received and tested the first set of improved probe prototypes in January, with encouraging results with respect to reliability. The next set of improved probe prototypes was received in late February and has been in reliability and performance testing over the past few weeks. Preliminary results show improved reliability and the current research focus centers on the necessary processing performance required by the probe to effect the Sonocracking® process. Subsequent improvements in the probe design and reliability are underway and are expected to continue throughout 2007. In addition to these efforts, we continue to pursue and evaluate other "off the shelf" solutions that are available for ultrasound probes companies.
We are a development stage company. From our inception through the date of this prospectus, we have not generated any material revenues and have not made a profit. As of June 30, 2007, we have an accumulated deficit of approximately $81.1 million. For the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2007, the Company recognized net losses of $7.2 million and $10.2 million, respectively. We are unable to predict when we will be able to generate revenues from commercial activities on a sustained basis or the amounts expected from such activities. Our ability to generate revenues and profits in the future is dependent upon the successful commercialization of our Sonocracking™ technology. We cannot assure you when or if our Sonocracking™ technology will be successfully commercialized or when or if we will be able to generate material revenues on a sustained basis or achieve or maintain profitability even if we succeed in commercializing our technology.
RISK FACTORS
We are a development stage company with a limited operating history, which makes it more difficult to predict whether we will be able to successfully commercialize our technology and implement our business plan.
We are a development stage company with a limited operating history, and our principal technologies and products are not yet commercially proven. Accordingly, there is a limited operating history upon which to base an assumption that we will be able to successfully implement our business plan.
Our technologies are not fully developed, are commercially untested, and therefore, the successful development and commercialization of our technologies remain subject to significant uncertainty.
Our activities, to date, have involved the research and development of our crude oil desulfurization and upgrading technologies and the construction of a test facility. We have not yet generated any material revenues since commencing these activities in January 1999. Commercial application of our technologies will require further investment, development and testing. We may be unable to complete the commercialization of our technologies on a timely basis, or at all.
Development and commercialization of a new technology, such as our Sonocracking™ process, is inherently subject to significant risks. Accordingly, we cannot assure that our technology will perform in a commercial scale setting as indicated in initial laboratory or small scale testing or that we will be able to successfully commercialize our technology. Introducing and enhancing a new technology involves numerous technical challenges, substantial financial and personnel resources, and often takes many months or years to complete. We cannot be certain that we will be successful at commercializing our technology on a timely basis, or in accordance with milestones, if at all. In addition, we cannot be certain that, once our processing unit is made operational in a commercial setting, the unit will perform as expected. Our technology is complex and, despite further vigorous testing and quality control procedures, may contain undetected errors. Any inability to timely deliver a commercially viable unit could have a negative effect on our business, revenues, financial condition and results of operations.
We have a history of operating losses and have not generated material revenues to date, and we are unable to predict when or if we will generate material revenues on a sustained basis or achieve profitability.
We have not generated any material revenues, and we have experienced significant operating losses in each period since we commenced our current line of business in January 1999. As of June 30, 2007, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $81.1 million, including approximately $12.4 million of stock-based compensation expense. These losses are principally associated with the research and development of our Sonocracking™ units for desulfurization and upgrading crude oil and other petroleum products, research and development of ultrasound technologies, development of pre-production prototypes and related marketing activity, and we expect to continue to incur expenses in the future for development, commercialization and sales and marketing activities related to the commercialization of our technology. We cannot predict when or to what extent our technology or resulting products will begin to produce revenues on a sustained basis, or whether we will ever reach profitability. If we are unable to achieve significant levels of revenue on a sustained basis, our losses will continue. If this occurs, we may be compelled to significantly curtail our business activities or suspend or cease our operations.
We may not have sufficient working capital in the future, and we may be unable to obtain additional capital, which could result in the curtailment, suspension or cessation of our business activity. If we obtain additional financing, you may suffer significant dilution.
In the past we have financed our research and development activities primarily through debt and equity financings from third parties and our principal shareholder, Rudolf W. Gunnerman. Our existing capital resources may not be sufficient to fund our cash requirements for the next 12 months based upon our current levels of expenditures and anticipated needs. We expect that additional working capital will be required in the future. There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, as discussed in Note 1 to our 2006 annual financial statements (incorporated herein by reference). Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to implement our business plan and raise additional funds.
The extent and timing of our future capital requirements will depend upon several factors, including:
· | Obtaining test results validating the technology; |
· | Continued progress toward commercialization of our technologies; |
· | Rate of progress and timing of product commercialization activities and arrangements; and |
· | In the event that a collaborative partner is necessary, our ability to establish and maintain collaborative arrangements with third parties for product development, commercialization, marketing, sales and manufacturing. |
Accordingly, our capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned, and we may require additional financing sooner than anticipated.
Sources of additional capital, other than from future revenues (for which we presently have no commitments) include proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued to the investors in the March 2007 placement, funding through collaborative arrangements, licensing arrangements and debt and equity financings. We do not know whether additional financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms when needed. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our technology, or respond to unanticipated requirements. If we are unable to secure such additional financing, we may have to curtail, suspend or cease all or a portion of our business activities. Further, if we issue equity securities, our shareholders may experience severe dilution of their ownership percentages, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock.
Commercial activities by us in foreign countries could subject us to political and economic risks which could impair future potential sources of revenue or impose significant costs.
We are currently engaged in activities outside the U.S., including the United Arab Emirates and South Korea, and we expect to continue to do so in the future, either directly, or through partners, licensees or other third parties, in connection with the commercialization of our technologies. The transaction of business by us in a foreign country, either directly or through partners, licensees or other third parties, may subject us, either directly or indirectly, to a number of risks, depending upon the particular country. These risks may include, with respect to a particular foreign country:
· | Government activities that may result in the curtailment of contract rights; |
· | Government activities that may restrict payments or limit the movement of funds outside the country; |
· | Confiscation or nationalization of assets; |
· | Confiscatory or other adverse foreign taxation regulations; |
· | Acts of terrorism or other armed conflicts and civil unrest; |
· | Currency fluctuations, devaluations and conversion restrictions; and |
· | Trade restrictions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. or a foreign country. |
Many of these risks may be particularly significant in some oil producing regions, such as the Middle East and South America.
We may have difficulty managing our growth.
We expect to experience significant growth if we are successful in our efforts to roll out our Sonocracking units on a worldwide basis. This growth exposes us to increased competition, greater operating, marketing and support costs and other risks associated with entry into new markets and the development of new products, and could place a strain on our operational, human and financial resources. To manage growth effectively, we must:
· | attract and retain qualified personnel; |
· | upgrade and expand our infrastructure so that it matches our level of activity; |
· | manage expansion into additional geographic areas; and |
· | improve and refine our operating and financial systems and managerial controls and procedures. |
If we do not effectively manage our growth, we will not be successful in executing our business plan, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our strategy for the development and commercialization of our technologies contemplates collaborations with third parties, making us dependent on them for our success.
We do not possess all of the capabilities to fully commercialize our desulfurization and upgrading technologies on our own. Our success may depend upon partnerships and strategic alliances with third parties. Collaborative agreements involving the development or commercialization of technology such as ours generally pose such risks as:
· | Collaborators may not pursue further development or commercialization of products resulting from collaborations or may elect not to continue or renew research and development programs; |
· | Collaborators may delay development activities, underfund development activities, stop or abandon development activities, repeat or conduct new testing or require changes to our technologies for testing; |
· | Collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that could compete with our future products; |
· | The terms of our agreements with collaborators may not be favorable to us; |
· | A collaborator may not commit enough resources, thereby delaying commercialization or limiting potential revenues from the commercialization of a product; |
· | Collaborations may be terminated by the collaborator for any number of reasons, including failure of the technologies or products to perform in line with the collaborator’s objectives or expectations, and such termination could subject us to increased capital requirements if we elected to pursue further activities. |
We have very limited manufacturing, marketing and sales experience, which could result in delays to the implementation of our business plan.
We have very limited manufacturing, marketing and product sales experience. We cannot assure you that contract manufacturing services will be available in sufficient capacity to supply our product needs on a timely basis. If we decide to build or acquire commercial scale manufacturing capabilities, we will require additional management and technical personnel and additional capital.
We rely on third parties to provide certain components for our products. If our vendors fail to deliver their products in a reliable, timely and cost-efficient manner, our business will suffer.
We currently depend on relationships with third parties such as contract manufacturing companies and suppliers of components critical for the product we are developing in our business. If these providers do not produce these products on a timely basis, if the products do not meet our specifications and quality control standards, or if the products are otherwise flawed, we may have to delay product delivery, or recall or replace unacceptable products. In addition, such failures could damage our reputation and could adversely affect our operating results. As a result, we could lose potential customers and any revenues that we may have at that time may decline dramatically.
We are highly dependent on our key personnel to manage our business, and because of competition for qualified personnel, we may not be able to recruit or retain necessary personnel. The loss of key personnel or the inability to retain new personnel could delay the implementation of our business plan.
Our success depends to a significant degree on the continued services of our senior management and other key employees, and our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and experienced scientific, technical, managerial, sales and marketing personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in recruiting new personnel or in retaining existing personnel. None of our senior management or key personnel has long term employment agreements with us. We do not maintain key person insurance on any members of our management team or other personnel. The loss of one or more key employees or our inability to attract additional qualified employees could delay the implementation of our business plan, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may experience increased compensation costs in order to attract and retain skilled employees.
Because the market for products utilizing our technologies is still developing and is highly competitive, we may not be able to compete successfully in the highly competitive and evolving desulfurization and upgrading market.
The market for products utilizing our technologies is still developing and there can be no assurance that our products will ever achieve market acceptance. Because we presently have no customers for our business, we must convince petroleum producers, refiners and distributors to utilize our products or license our technology. To the extent we do not achieve market penetration, it will be difficult for us to generate meaningful revenue or to achieve profitability.
The success of our business is highly dependent on our patents and other proprietary intellectual property, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to protect and enforce our patents and other intellectual property.
Our commercial success will depend to a large degree on our ability to protect and maintain our proprietary technology and know-how and to obtain and enforce patents on our technology. We rely primarily on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secrets laws to protect our intellectual property. Although we have filed multiple patent applications for our technology, and we have five issued patents in the U.S., our patent position is subject to complex factual and legal issues that may give rise to uncertainty as to the validity, scope and enforceability of a particular patent. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that any patents will be issued pursuant to our current or future patent applications or that patents issued pursuant to such applications will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. Also, we cannot assure you that the rights granted under any such patents will provide the competitive advantages we anticipate or be adequate to safeguard and maintain our proprietary rights. In addition, effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable, limited or not applied for in certain foreign countries. Moreover, we cannot assure you that third parties will not infringe, design around, or improve upon our proprietary technology.
We also seek to protect our proprietary intellectual property, including intellectual property that may not be patented or patentable, in part by confidentiality agreements and, if applicable, inventor's rights agreements with our employees and third parties. We cannot assure you that these agreements will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach or that such persons will not assert rights to intellectual property arising out of these relationships.
We are a new entrant in our business and we face significant competition.
We are a new entrant in the market for development and sale of upgrading and sulfur reduction technology to the oil industry. We face well-established and well-funded competition from a number of sources. Our competitors in this area include manufacturers of conventional refinery desulfurization equipment and major integrated oil companies and oil refineries. Most of these entities have substantially greater research and development capabilities and financial, scientific, manufacturing, marketing, sales and service resources than we do.
Because of their experience and greater research and development capabilities, our competitors might succeed in developing and commercializing competing technologies or products which would render our technologies or products obsolete or non-competitive.
Regulatory developments could have adverse consequences for our business.
The regulatory environment that pertains to our business is complex, uncertain and changing rapidly. Although we anticipate that existing and proposed governmental mandates regulating the sulfur content of petroleum products will continue to provide an impetus for customers to utilize our Sonocracking™ technology for desulfurization, it is possible that the application of existing environmental legislation or regulations or the introduction of new legislation or regulations could substantially impact our ability to launch and promote our proprietary technologies, which could in turn negatively impact our business.
Rules and regulations implementing federal, state and local laws relating to the environment will continue to affect our business, including laws and regulations which may apply to the use and operation of our Sonocracker™ units, and we cannot predict what additional environmental legislation or regulations will be enacted or become effective in the future or how existing or future laws or regulations will be administered or interpreted with respect to products or activities to which they have not been applied previously. Compliance with more stringent laws or regulations, as well as more vigorous enforcement policies of regulatory agencies, could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
To date, environmental regulation has not had a material adverse effect on our business, which is presently in the development stage. However, future activities may subject us to increased risk when we commercialize our units by reason of the installation and operation of these units at customer sites. We intend to address these risks by imposing contractual responsibility whenever practicable, on third party users for maintaining necessary permits and complying with applicable environmental laws governing or related to the operation of our units. However, these measures may not fully protect us against environmental risks. Furthermore, although we may be entitled to contractual indemnification from third parties for environmental compliance liabilities, this would not preclude direct liability by us to governmental agencies or third parties under applicable federal and state environmental laws. We are presently unable to predict the nature or amount of additional costs or liabilities which may arise in the future related to environmental regulation. However, such future liabilities and costs could be material.
We may be sued for product liability, which could result in liabilities which exceed our available assets.
We may be held liable if any product we develop, or any product which is made with the use of any of our technologies, causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale or use. We currently have no product liability insurance. When we attempt to obtain product liability insurance, this insurance may be prohibitively expensive, or may not fully cover our potential liabilities. Inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims could inhibit the commercialization of products developed by us. If we are sued for any injury caused by our products, our liability could exceed our available assets.
We are the defendant in several lawsuits, in which an adverse judgment against us could result in liabilities which exceed our available assets.
Details of the current status of outstanding litigation involving the Company are available in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, and the Forms 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2007, and June 30, 2007. An adverse judgment in any of these cases could result in material harm to our business or result in liabilities that exceed our available assets.
Our stock price is volatile, which increases the risk of an investment in our common stock.
The trading price for our common stock has been volatile, ranging from a sales price of $0.21 in October 2003, to a sales price of over $19.00 per share in January of 2006. The price has changed dramatically over short periods with decreases of more than 50% and increases of more than 100% percent in a single day. An investment in our stock is subject to such volatility and, consequently, is subject to significant risk.
Sales of our common stock, or market expectations of such sales, may have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock.
This prospectus relates to the sale of up to $150,000,000 in shares of common stock or warrants by the Company. Large sales volumes by the Company or market expectations of such sales could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
The potential exercise of outstanding warrants could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, dilute the holdings of existing stockholders and impede our ability to obtain additional equity financing.
As of July 31, 2007, we had outstanding warrants to purchase 5,977,480 shares of our common stock. If the warrant holders exercise their warrants, we will be obligated to issue additional shares of common stock at the stated exercise price. The existence of such rights to acquire common stock at fixed prices may prove a hindrance to our efforts to raise future equity funding, and the exercise of such rights will dilute the percentage ownership interest of our stockholders and may dilute the value of their ownership. Future sales of shares issuable on the exercise of outstanding warrants and options at fixed prices below prevailing market prices, or expectations of such sales, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock, particularly since such warrants or options may be exercised at a fixed price and resold. Further, the holders of the outstanding warrants may exercise them at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on terms more favorable to us.
We do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Although our stockholders may receive dividends if, as and when declared by our board of directors, we do not presently intend to pay dividends on our common stock until we are able to generate revenues and profits on a sustained basis and available cash exceeds our working capital requirements. Therefore, you should not purchase our common stock if you need immediate or future income by way of dividends from your investment.
In certain cases, our board of directors has the ability to issue additional shares of our common stock without obtaining the approval of our stockholders, which issuances may result in further dilution to our stockholders.
Our corporate charter currently authorizes our board of directors to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 77,205,478 shares were outstanding as of July 31, 2007. In certain cases, the power of the board of directors to issue shares of common stock or warrants to purchase shares of common stock is not subject to stockholder approval under Nevada state law, the state of our corporate organization. Any additional issuance of our common stock may have the effect of further diluting the equity interest of our stockholders.
Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, none of which are issued or outstanding, and to determine the price, and the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. The rights of the holders of common stock may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Rights, preferences and privileges applicable to future preferred stock issuances could include dividend, liquidation and voting rights which are greater than rights afforded our common stockholders. Because the holders of preferred stock may be entitled to vote on some matters as a class, issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of our company. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of our company.
Our former Chairman and CEO may attempt to control corporate decisions, and his interests may differ from the interests of other stockholders.
As of the date of this prospectus Rudolf W. Gunnerman beneficially owned 35.5% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Accordingly, Dr. Gunnerman may effectively be able to exercise control over all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions. Dr. Gunnerman’s interests may differ from the interests of other stockholders and, therefore, result in corporate decisions that may be disadvantageous to other stockholders. This concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control, which could have a material adverse effect on our stock price.
There may be adverse consequences to our shareholders and our business if our common stock ceases to be quoted on the American Stock Exchange or a principal stock exchange.
To continue to be listed on the American Stock Exchange, we must maintain certain requirements. If we fail to satisfy one or more of the requirements, our common stock may be delisted. If our common stock is delisted, and does not become listed on another stock exchange, then it will be traded, if at all, in the over-the-counter market commonly referred to as the Nasd, Inc. OTC Bulletin Board or the "pink sheets." If this occurs, it may be more difficult for you to sell our common stock.
Because our common stock may be subject to rules governing low priced securities, market liquidity for our common stock could be adversely impacted.
If our common stock trades below $5.00 per share and is not listed on the American Stock Exchange or a national or regional securities exchange, our common stock is subject to the low priced security or so-called "penny stock" rules that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell such securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require, among other things, the delivery, prior to the transaction, of a disclosure schedule required by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the penny stock market. These rules also require that the broker determine, based upon information obtained from the investor, that transactions in penny stocks are suitable for the investor, and require the broker to obtain the written consent of the investor prior to effecting the penny stock transaction. The broker-dealer must also disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market-maker, the broker-dealer must disclose this fact and the broker-dealer's presumed control over the market. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks. So long as our common stock is characterized as a penny stock, the market liquidity for these shares could be severely affected. The regulations relating to penny stocks could limit the ability of broker-dealers to sell these securities and, in turn, the ability of stockholders to sell their shares in the secondary market.
As of December 31, 2006 and in subsequent quarters through June 30, 2007 we have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures regarding information required to be included in SEC reports were not effective due to material weaknesses, and we might find other material weaknesses in the future which may adversely affect our ability to provide timely and reliable financial information and satisfy our reporting obligations under federal securities laws. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our stock.
As of December 31, 2006 and in subsequent quarters through June 30, 2007, we detected material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures regarding information required to be included in SEC reports. As a result of these weaknesses management has concluded that as of December 31, 2005, and in subsequent quarters through December 31, 2006, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such dates. In particular, management concluded that:
· | There were deficiencies in the communications between previous management to the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee; |
· | We did not have adequate controls over the accounting, review and processing of transactions involving decisions to expense or capitalize certain items involving research and development, fixed assets and patent maintenance; |
· | We did not have adequate transaction controls over the accounting, review and processing of liability recognition at the end of accounting periods; |
· | We did not have adequate controls over the accounting, review and processing of transactions involving issuances of stock and options or cash commitments; and |
· | We lacked personnel with sufficient financial expertise and experience to make appropriate judgments resulting in appropriate accounting and financial reporting. |
The Company has attempted to address these issues and continues to address them as it makes transitions with new management. In the first quarter of 2007, the Company hired a new CEO and a new President. And in the second quarter of 2007, the Company hired a new CFO. The Company has and is taking steps to remediate the material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures, including the adoption of written policies for the areas found to be deficient. However, we have not completed our remediation effort and we cannot assure you that we will be able to completely remediate our material weaknesses. We might find other material weaknesses in the future. To the extent that any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses exist in our disclosure controls and procedures, such weaknesses may adversely affect our ability to provide timely and reliable information necessary for the conduct of our business and satisfaction of our reporting obligations under federal securities laws, including the preparation of interim and annual financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and SEC rules. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our stock.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology, such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "project," "predict," "intend," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms. In addition, these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
· | implementing our business strategy; |
· | development, commercialization and marketing of our products; |
· | our intellectual property; |
· | our estimates of future revenue and profitability; |
· | our estimates or expectations of continued losses; |
· | our expectations regarding future expenses, including research and development, sales and marketing, manufacturing and general and administrative expenses; |
· | difficulty or inability to raise additional financing, if needed, on terms acceptable to us; |
· | our estimates regarding our capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; |
· | attracting and retaining customers and employees; |
· | sources of revenue and anticipated revenue; and |
· | competition in our market. |
These statements are only predictions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are not required to and do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus or to conform these statements to actual results. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus might not occur. Actual results, levels of activity, performance, achievements and events may vary significantly from those implied by the forward-looking statements. A description of risks that could cause our results to vary appears under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
In this prospectus, we refer to information regarding our potential markets and other industry data. We believe that we have obtained this information from reliable sources that customarily are relied upon by companies in our industry, but we have not independently verified any of this information.
Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, the net proceeds from the sale of the securities by SulphCo to which this prospectus relates will be used for general corporate purposes. These purposes may include repayment of debt, acquisitions, additions to working capital, capital expenditures and investments in our subsidiaries.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The securities being offered by this prospectus may be sold:
· | to or through one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or best efforts basis, |
· | through put or call option transactions relating to the securities, |
· | through broker-dealers (acting as agent or principal), |
· | directly to purchasers, through a specific bidding or auction process or otherwise, or |
· | through a combination of any such methods of sale. |
The prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the offering of such securities, including:
· | the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them, and |
· | the public offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers. |
Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
The distribution of securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including block transactions and transactions on the American Stock Exchange or any other organized market where the securities may be traded. The securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The consideration may be cash or another form negotiated by the parties. Agents, underwriters or broker-dealers may be paid compensation for offering and selling the securities. That compensation may be in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions to be received from us or from the purchasers of the securities. Any dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts. If such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.
Agents may from time to time solicit offers to purchase the securities. If required, we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and set forth any compensation payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. Any agent selling the securities covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be an underwriter, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, of the securities.
If underwriters are used in a sale, securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or under delayed delivery contracts or other contractual commitments. Securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. If an underwriter or underwriters are used in the sale of securities, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriter or underwriters, with respect to a particular underwritten offering of securities, and will set forth the terms of the transactions, including compensation of the underwriters and dealers and the public offering price, if applicable. The prospectus and prospectus supplement will be used by the underwriters to resell the securities.
If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we, or an underwriter will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement the name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions.
We may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities and may make sales of securities directly to institutional investors or others. These persons may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resale of the securities. To the extent required, the prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any such sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if used.
Agents, underwriters and dealers may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to indemnification by us against specified liabilities, including liabilities incurred under the Securities Act, or to contribution by us to payments they may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. If required, the prospectus supplement will describe the terms and conditions of the indemnification or contribution. Some of the agents, underwriters or dealers, or their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our subsidiaries.
Under the securities laws of some states, the securities offered by this prospectus may be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.
Any person participating in the distribution of common shares registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the applicable SEC rules and regulations, including, among others, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of our common shares by that person. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of our common shares to engage in market-making activities with respect to our common shares. These restrictions may affect the marketability of our common shares and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to our common shares.
Certain persons participating in an offering may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the offered securities. For a description of these activities, see the information under the heading ‘‘Underwriting’’ in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Any common shares that qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or Regulation S under the Securities Act, may be sold under Rule 144 or Regulation S rather than pursuant to this prospectus.
To the extent that we make sales to or through one or more underwriters or agents in at-the-market offerings, we will do so pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement between us and the underwriters or agents. If we engage in at-the-market sales pursuant to a distribution agreement, we will issue and sell our common shares to or through one or more underwriters or agents, which may act on an agency basis or on a principal basis. During the term of any such agreement, we may sell shares on a daily basis in exchange transactions or otherwise as we agree with the underwriters or agents. The distribution agreement will provide that any common shares sold will be sold at prices related to the then prevailing market prices for our common shares. Therefore, exact figures regarding proceeds that will be raised or commissions to be paid cannot be determined at this time and will be described in a prospectus supplement. Pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement, we also may agree to sell, and the relevant underwriters or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase, blocks of our common shares or other securities. The terms of each such distribution agreement will be set forth in more detail in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus.
In the event that any underwriter or agent acts as principal, or broker-dealer acts as underwriter, it may engage in certain transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. We will describe any such activities in the prospectus supplement relating to the transaction.
Offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus may be solicited, and sales of the securities may be made, by us of those securities directly to institutional investors or others, who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resales of the securities. The terms of any offer made in this manner will be included in the prospectus supplement relating to the offer.
In connection with offerings made through underwriters or agents, we may enter into agreements with such underwriters or agents pursuant to which we receive our outstanding securities in consideration for the securities being offered to the public for cash. In connection with these arrangements, the underwriters or agents may also sell securities covered by this prospectus to hedge their positions in these outstanding securities, including in short sale transactions. If so, the underwriters or agents may use the securities received from us under these arrangements to close out any related open borrowings of securities.
One or more firms, referred to as ‘‘remarketing firms,’’ may also offer or sell the securities, if the prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with a remarketing arrangement upon their purchase. Remarketing firms will act as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us. These remarketing firms will offer or sell the securities in accordance with a redemption or repayment pursuant to the terms of the securities. The prospectus supplement will identify any remarketing firm and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and will describe the remarketing firm’s compensation. Remarking firms may be deemed to be underwriters in connection with the securities they remarket. Remarketing firms may be entitled under agreements that may be entered into with us to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
Issuer Forward Sale. We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, such third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, such third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of shares, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of shares. The third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) in such sale transactions will be underwriters and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment).
Share Borrow Facility. We or a selling shareholder may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities using this prospectus. Such financial institution or third party may transfer its short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants to purchase our equity securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
· | the title of such warrants; |
· | the aggregate number of such warrants; |
· | the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued; |
· | the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire; |
· | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; and |
· | any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants. |
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL
Our authorized share capital consists of 100,000,000 common shares, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.001 per share. As of July 31, 2007, we had outstanding (i) 77,205,478 common shares, (ii) warrants to purchase an additional 5,977,480 common shares, (iii) options to purchase an additional 1,215,000 common shares, (iv) notes payable convertible into 1,315,791 shares and (v) no preferred shares.
Common Shares
Generally. Generally, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each common share held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Cumulative voting for the election of directors is not provided for in our Restated Articles of Incorporation or By-laws, which means that the holders of a majority of the shares voted can elect all of the directors then standing for election. The common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights and are not subject to conversion or redemption. Upon the occurrence of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common shares would be entitled to share ratably in the distribution of all of our assets remaining available for distribution after satisfaction of all our liabilities, subject to any resolution of the shareholders providing otherwise and to any liquidation preference on any other class of shares that rank ahead of the common shares.
Issuance of Shares. Subject to our By-laws and Nevada law, our board of directors has the power to issue any of our unissued shares as it determines, including the issuance of any shares or class of shares with preferred, deferred or other special rights.
Our Board of Directors and Corporate Action. Our Restated Articles of Incorporation provide that our board of directors shall consist of not less than three (3) members, as the board of directors may determine. Our board currently consists of seven (7) directors. Each director serves a one-year term. Shareholders may only remove a director for cause at any time and only by the affirmative vote of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%).
Generally, the affirmative votes of a majority of the votes cast at any meeting at which a quorum is present are required to authorize a resolution put to vote at a meeting of the board of directors. Corporate action may also be taken by a unanimous written resolution of the board of directors without a meeting. The quorum necessary for the transaction of business at a meeting of the board of directors shall be a majority of the directors then in office.
Shareholder Action. At the commencement of any general meeting, holders of our common stock present in person and representing, in person or by proxy, more than 50% of the total issued voting power of our shares shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In general, except for the election of directors, actions that may be taken by resolution of our shareholders in a general meeting may be taken, without a meeting, by a resolution in writing signed by all of the shareholders entitled to attend the meeting and to vote on the resolution. In general, any questions proposed for the consideration of the shareholders at any general meeting shall be decided by the affirmative votes of a majority of the votes cast in accordance with our By-laws.
Amendment. The By-laws may only be amended by a resolution adopted by the board of directors.
Transfer Agent and Registrar. Integrity Stock Transfer serves as transfer agent and registrar for our common shares.
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference
The SEC allows this prospectus to "incorporate by reference" certain other information that we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update this information. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or the prospectus supplement. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 until all of the securities that we have registered have been sold:
(1) | Our Annual Report, on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, filed with the SEC on April 2, 2007; |
(2) | Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed January 18, 2007, January 22, 2007, January 25, 2007, February 7, 2007, February 9, 2007, February 12, 2007, March 14, 2007 and March 29, 2007, May 23, 2007, June 1, 2007, July 13, 2007, July 16, 2007, July 17, 2007, August 6, 2007, August 7, 2007 and August 9, 2007; |
(3) | The description of our common stock contained in our report on Form 8-A filed on October 3, 2005; and |
(4) | All other reports filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 since December 31, 2005. |
If you make a request for such information in writing or by telephone, we will provide to you, at no cost, a copy of any or all of the information incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Requests should be addressed to us as follows:
SulphCo, Inc.
4333 W. Sam Houston Pkwy N., Suite 190
Houston, TX 77043
Attn: Mr. Stanley W. Farmer
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Telephone: (713) 896-9100
You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We will not make an offer of the shares of our common stock in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of those documents.
CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
We and our affiliates may each be considered a party in interest within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), or a disqualified person under corresponding provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the Code), relating to an employee benefit plan. Prohibited transactions within the meaning of ERISA and the Code may result if any securities offered by this prospectus are acquired by or with the assets of a pension or other employee benefit plan relating to which we or any of our affiliates is a service provider, unless those securities are acquired under an exemption for transactions effected on behalf of that plan by a ‘‘qualified professional asset manager’’ or an ‘‘in-house asset manager’’ or under any other available exemption. Additional special considerations may arise in connection with the acquisition of capital securities by or with the assets of a pension or other employee benefit plan. The assets of a pension or other employee benefit plan may include assets held in the general account of an insurance company that are deemed to be ‘‘plan assets’’ under ERISA. Any employee benefit plan or other entity subject to such provisions of ERISA or the Code proposing to acquire the offered securities should consult with its legal counsel.
EXPERTS
The financial statements as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and for the years then ended, incorporated by reference in this prospectus, have been so included in reliance on the report of Marc Lumer & Company, independent certified public accountants and a registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004, incorporated by reference in this prospectus, have been so included in reliance on the report of Mark Bailey & Company, Ltd., independent certified public accountants and a registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the issuance of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus has been passed upon for us by McDonald Carano Wilson LLP, Reno, Nevada.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-732-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public over the internet from the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov, or at our website at http://www.sulphco.com.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the common stock being registered. This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all the information contained in the registration statement. Some items are contained in schedules and exhibits to the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements made in this prospectus concerning the contents of any documents referred to in the prospectus are not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement, please refer to the exhibit for a more complete description, and each such statement is qualified by such reference. To see more detail, you should read the exhibits and schedules filed with our registration statement.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the expenses payable by the Registrant in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered hereby. All amounts are estimated except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee | | $ | 16,050 | |
Accounting fees and expenses | | $ | 2,500 | |
Printing and engraving | | $ | 500 | |
Legal fees and expenses | | $ | 30,000 | |
Miscellaneous | | $ | 1,000 | |
Total | | $ | 50,050 | |
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised Statutes Annotated ("Nevada RSA") provides that a Nevada corporation may indemnify its directors and officers against expenses, judgments, fines, and settlements actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with any civil suit or action, except actions by or in the right of the corporation, or any administrative or investigative proceeding if, in connection with the matters in issue, they acted in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and in connection with any criminal suit or proceeding, if in connection with the matters in issue, they had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful. Section 78.7502 of the Nevada RSA further provides that, in connection with the defense or settlement of any action by or in the right of a Nevada corporation, a Nevada corporation may indemnify its directors and officers against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by them if, in connection with the matters in issue, they acted in good faith, in a manner they reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the corporation. Section 78.7502 of the Nevada RSA further permits a Nevada corporation to grant its directors and officers additional rights of indemnification through by-law provisions and otherwise.
Article VI of our Amended and Restated By-Laws provides that we will indemnify our directors and officers and advance costs and expenses incurred by such officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. Our Amended and Restated By-Laws also permit us to enter into agreements with any director or officer or to obtain insurance indemnifying directors and officers against certain liabilities incurred by them in the performance of their duties, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933. We currently maintain a policy of insurance indemnifying directors and officers against certain liabilities incurred by them in the performance of their duties.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibits:
3.11 | Restated Articles of Incorporation |
1 Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-KSB, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2004.
3.22 | Amended and Restated Bylaws |
| |
5.1 | Opinion of McDonald Carano Wilson LLP |
| |
23.1 | Consent of Marc Lumer & Company |
| |
23.2 | Consent of Mark Bailey & Company, Ltd. |
| |
23.3 | Consent of McDonald Carano Wilson LLP (Included in Exhibit 5.1) |
| |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (Included in Signature Page) |
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
None.
Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(a) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or its most recent post-effective amendment) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered), and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range, may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective Registration Statement;
(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement or any material change to such information in this Registration Statement;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
(a) that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (a)(i), (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) above do not apply if the information required with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.
(b) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(d) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
2 Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-KSB/A, filed with the SEC on April 22, 2003, as amended on January 17, 2007 (Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2007) and May 29, 2007 (Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2007).
(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(e) That, for the purpose of determining liability of a Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of an undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of an undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned Registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about an undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of an undersigned Registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by an undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(f) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(g) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referred to in Item 15 of this Registration Statement, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Houston, State of Texas, on the 15th day of August, 2007.
| | |
| SULPHCO, INC. |
| | |
| By: | /s/ Larry Ryan |
| Larry Ryan, |
| Chief Executive Officer |
KNOW BY ALL MEN THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Larry Ryan and Stanley W. Farmer or either of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution, for him and his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ Larry Ryan | | Chief Executive Officer, Director | | August 15, 2007 |
Larry Ryan | | (Principal Executive Officer) | | |
/s/ Stanley W. Farmer | | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | | August 15, 2007 |
Stanley W. Farmer | | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | | |
/s/ Robert H.C. van Maasdijk | | Chairman of the Board | | August 15, 2007 |
Robert H.C. van Maasdijk | | | | |
/s/ Hannes Farnleitner | | Director | | August 15, 2007 |
Dr. Hannes Farnleitner | | | | |
/s/ Michael T. Heffner | | Director | | August 15, 2007 |
Michael T. Heffner | | | | |
/s/ Lawrence G. Schafran | | Director | | August 15, 2007 |
Lawrence G. Schafran | | | | |
/s/ Edward E. Urquhart | | Director | | August 15, 2007 |
Edward E. Urquhart | | | | |
/s/ Edward G. Rosenblum | | Director | | August 15, 2007 |
Edward G. Rosenblum | | | | |
EXHIBIT INDEX
3.1 | Restated Articles of Incorporation1 |
| |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws2 |
| |
5.1 | Opinion of McDonald Carano Wilson LLP |
| |
23.1 | Consent of Marc Lumer & Company |
| |
23.2 | Consent of Mark Bailey & Company, Ltd. |
| |
23.3 | Consent of McDonald Carano Wilson LLP (Included in Exhibit 5.1) |
| |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (Included in Signature Page) |
1 Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-KSB, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2004.
2 Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 10-KSB/A, filed with the SEC on April 22, 2003, as amended on January 17, 2007 (Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2007) and May 29, 2007 (Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2007).
23