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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
- ý
- QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2007
or
- o
- TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 333-92047-03
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania | | 33-0826938 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1750 Power Plant Road Homer City, Pennsylvania | | 15748 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code:(724) 479-9011
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer" and "large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filero Accelerated filero Non-accelerated filerý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant's ownership interests as of August 9, 2007: Not applicable.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| | Glossary | | ii |
PART I – Financial Information |
Item 1. | | Financial Statements | | 1 |
Item 2. | | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | | 14 |
Item 3. | | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | | 33 |
Item 4. | | Controls and Procedures | | 33 |
PART II – Other Information |
Item 1. | | Legal Proceedings | | 34 |
Item 1A. | | Risk Factors | | 34 |
Item 6. | | Exhibits | | 34 |
| | Signatures | | 35 |
i
GLOSSARY
When the following terms and abbreviations appear in the text of this report, they have the meanings indicated below.
Btu | | British thermal units |
EME | | Edison Mission Energy |
EME Homer City | | EME Homer City Generation L.P. |
EMMT | | Edison Mission Marketing & Trading, Inc. |
FASB | | Financial Accounting Standards Board |
FERC | | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
FIN No. 39-1 | | Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position No. 39-1, "Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39" |
FIN No. 48 | | Financial Accounting Standards Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes" |
Fitch | | Fitch Ratings |
GWh | | gigawatt-hours |
ISO | | independent system operator |
MD&A | | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
MMBtu | | million British thermal units |
Moody's | | Moody's Investors Service, Inc. |
MW | | megawatts |
MWh | | megawatt-hours |
NAPP | | Northern Appalachian |
NOX | | nitrogen oxide |
NYISO | | New York Independent System Operator |
NYSEG | | New York State Electric & Gas Corporation |
PADEP | | Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection |
Penelec | | Pennsylvania Electric Company |
PJM | | PJM Interconnection, LLC |
RPM | | Reliability Pricing Model |
S&P | | Standard & Poor's Ratings Services |
SCR | | selective catalytic reduction |
SFAS | | Statement of Financial Accounting Standards issued by the FASB |
SFAS No. 133 | | Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" |
SFAS No. 155 | | Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 155, "Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments" |
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ii
SFAS No. 157 | | Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements" |
SFAS No. 159 | | Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, "Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities, Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115" |
SIP | | state implementation plan |
SO2 | | sulfur dioxide |
US EPA | | United States Environmental Protection Agency |
iii
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, Unaudited)
| | Three Months Ended June 30,
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
| |
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| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
| |
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Operating Revenues from Marketing Affiliate | | $ | 176,630 | | $ | 148,080 | | $ | 374,203 | | $ | 270,732 | |
Operating Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fuel | | | 68,314 | | | 69,148 | | | 140,127 | | | 129,476 | |
| Gain on sale of emission allowances | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,342 | ) |
| Plant operations | | | 41,399 | | | 28,054 | | | 75,227 | | | 63,356 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | | | 15,979 | | | 14,813 | | | 30,554 | | | 29,630 | |
| Loss on disposal of assets | | | — | | | 128 | | | — | | | 128 | |
| Administrative and general | | | 943 | | | 1,437 | | | 1,817 | | | 2,593 | |
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| | Total operating expenses | | | 126,635 | | | 113,580 | | | 247,725 | | | 223,841 | |
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Operating income | | | 49,995 | | | 34,500 | | | 126,478 | | | 46,891 | |
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Other Income (Expense) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest and other income | | | 1,678 | | | 14,830 | | | 3,758 | | | 16,272 | |
| Interest expense | | | (34,848 | ) | | (36,438 | ) | | (71,773 | ) | | (71,892 | ) |
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| | Total other expense | | | (33,170 | ) | | (21,608 | ) | | (68,015 | ) | | (55,620 | ) |
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Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 16,825 | | | 12,892 | | | 58,463 | | | (8,729 | ) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | | | 6,421 | | | 4,158 | | | 23,320 | | | (4,904 | ) |
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Net Income (Loss) | | $ | 10,404 | | $ | 8,734 | | $ | 35,143 | | $ | (3,825 | ) |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
1
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands, Unaudited)
| | Three Months Ended June 30,
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
| |
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| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
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Net Income (Loss) | | $ | 10,404 | | $ | 8,734 | | $ | 35,143 | | $ | (3,825 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amortization of prior service credit, net of tax expense of $11 and $22 for the three months and the six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively | | | (15 | ) | | — | | | (30 | ) | | — | |
| | Amortization of actuarial loss, net of tax benefit of $12 and $23 for the three months and the six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively | | | 15 | | | — | | | 31 | | | — | |
| Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives qualified as cash flow hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Other unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $3,893 and $12,424 for the three months and $(54,723) and $89,807 for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively | | | 5,652 | | | 17,018 | | | (74,846 | ) | | 123,011 | |
| | Reclassification adjustments included in net income (loss), net of income tax expense (benefit) of $(5,926) and $(6,284) for the three months and $(15,498) and $4,472 for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively | | | 8,052 | | | 8,608 | | | 21,198 | | | (6,125 | ) |
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Other comprehensive income (loss) | | | 13,704 | | | 25,626 | | | (53,647 | ) | | 116,886 | |
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Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | $ | 24,108 | | $ | 34,360 | | $ | (18,504 | ) | $ | 113,061 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
2
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, Unaudited)
| | June 30, 2007
| | December 31, 2006
|
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Assets | | | | | | |
Current Assets | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 128,853 | | $ | 113,839 |
| Due from affiliates | | | 814 | | | — |
| Fuel inventory | | | 53,414 | | | 47,385 |
| Spare parts inventory | | | 24,975 | | | 25,708 |
| Deposits under lease swap agreement | | | — | | | 45,386 |
| Derivative assets | | | 40,753 | | | 89,539 |
| Deferred taxes | | | 17,133 | | | — |
| Intangible assets | | | 25,274 | | | 4,284 |
| Other current assets | | | 14,643 | | | 20,439 |
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| | Total current assets | | | 305,859 | | | 346,580 |
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Property, Plant and Equipment | | | 2,149,081 | | | 2,142,813 |
| Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | 379,407 | | | 348,853 |
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| | Net property, plant and equipment | | | 1,769,674 | | | 1,793,960 |
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Deferred taxes | | | 64,009 | | | 65,781 |
Restricted cash | | | 37,119 | | | 47,119 |
Trust deposits | | | — | | | 325 |
Long-term derivative assets | | | 4,476 | | | 10,797 |
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Total Assets | | $ | 2,181,137 | | $ | 2,264,562 |
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Liabilities and Partners' Equity | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable | | $ | 3,191 | | $ | 3,346 |
| Book overdrafts | | | 3,159 | | | — |
| Accrued liabilities | | | 29,691 | | | 24,499 |
| Due to affiliates | | | 136,119 | | | 117,898 |
| Interest payable | | | 24,279 | | | 32,282 |
| Interest payable to affiliates | | | 9,884 | | | 39,804 |
| Derivative liabilities | | | 23,231 | | | 9,672 |
| Deferred taxes | | | — | | | 33,062 |
| Current portion of lease financing | | | 52,970 | | | 49,788 |
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| | Total current liabilities | | | 282,524 | | | 310,351 |
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Long-term debt to affiliate | | | 499,727 | | | 512,447 |
Lease financing, net of current portion | | | 1,206,962 | | | 1,259,932 |
Benefit plans and other | | | 45,190 | | | 42,867 |
Long-term derivative liabilities | | | 27,838 | | | 1,565 |
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Total Liabilities | | | 2,062,241 | | | 2,127,162 |
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Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5) | | | | | | |
Partners' Equity | | | 118,896 | | | 137,400 |
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Total Liabilities and Partners' Equity | | $ | 2,181,137 | | $ | 2,264,562 |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
3
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, Unaudited)
| | Chestnut Ridge Energy Company
| | Mission Energy Westside Inc.
| | Total Partners' Equity
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Balance at December 31, 2006 | | $ | 136,443 | | $ | 957 | | $ | 137,400 | |
| Net income | | | 35,108 | | | 35 | | | 35,143 | |
| Other comprehensive income | | | (53,593 | ) | | (54 | ) | | (53,647 | ) |
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Balance at June 30, 2007 | | $ | 117,958 | | $ | 938 | | $ | 118,896 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands, Unaudited)
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
| |
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| | 2007
| | 2006
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Cash Flows From Operating Activities | | | | | | | |
| Net Income (loss) | | $ | 35,143 | | $ | (3,825 | ) |
| | Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | |
| | | Depreciation and amortization | | | 30,837 | | | 29,630 | |
| | | Deferred taxes | | | (9,199 | ) | | (12,825 | ) |
| | | Gain on sale of emission allowances | | | — | | | (1,342 | ) |
| | | Loss on asset disposal | | | — | | | 128 | |
| | Decrease in due to/from affiliates | | | 17,407 | | | 41,753 | |
| | Increase in inventory | | | (5,295 | ) | | (26,300 | ) |
| | Increase in other assets | | | (15,194 | ) | | (11,294 | ) |
| | Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other current liabilities | | | 8,195 | | | (470 | ) |
| | Increase (decrease) in interest payable | | | (37,923 | ) | | 11,270 | |
| | Increase in other liabilities | | | 2,043 | | | 2,262 | |
| | Decrease (increase) in derivative assets and liabilities | | | 2,065 | | | (3,552 | ) |
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| Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 28,079 | | | 25,435 | |
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Cash Flows From Financing Activities | | | | | | | |
| | Refund of deposit under lease swap agreement | | | 45,386 | | | — | |
| | Advances under lease swap agreement | | | — | | | 61,074 | |
| | Borrowings on long-term obligations from affiliates | | | — | | | 8,800 | |
| | Repayments to affiliates | | | (12,720 | ) | | — | |
| | Repayments of lease financing | | | (49,788 | ) | | (47,000 | ) |
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| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | (17,122 | ) | | 22,874 | |
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Cash Flows From Investing Activities | | | | | | | |
| | Capital expenditures | | | (6,268 | ) | | (6,772 | ) |
| | Proceeds from sale of emission allowances | | | — | | | 5,633 | |
| | Trust deposits | | | 325 | | | — | |
| | Proceeds from settlement claim | | | — | | | 3,900 | |
| | Restricted cash | | | 10,000 | | | — | |
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| Net cash provided by investing activities | | | 4,057 | | | 2,761 | |
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 15,014 | | | 51,070 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 113,839 | | | 60,248 | |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 128,853 | | $ | 111,318 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
5
EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2007
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
EME Homer City's significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to its financial statements included in its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. EME Homer City follows the same accounting policies for interim reporting purposes, with the exception of the change in accounting for uncertain tax positions (discussed below in "New Accounting Pronouncements"). This quarterly report should be read in connection with such financial statements.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including recurring accruals, have been made that are necessary to fairly state the financial position and results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for the periods covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.
Certain prior year reclassifications have been made to conform to the current year financial statement presentation.
Income Taxes
EME Homer City has made an election to be taxed as a corporation for federal and California state tax purposes. EME Homer City is included in the consolidated federal and state income tax returns of Edison International and is party to a tax-allocation agreement with its indirect parent, Edison Mission Holdings Co. As long as Edison International continues to own, directly or indirectly, at least 80% of the voting power of the stock of EME and its existing subsidiaries and at least 80% of the value of such stock, EME Homer City will be included in the consolidated federal and state income tax returns of Edison International. In accordance with the agreement and the tax-allocation procedures in effect since EME Homer City's formation, its current tax liability or benefit is generally determined on a separate return basis, except for calculating consolidated state income taxes, for which EME Homer City uses the long-term state tax apportionment factors of the Edison International group. Also, while EME Homer City is generally subject to separate return limitations for net losses, under the tax-allocation agreement EME Homer City is permitted to transfer to Edison Mission Holdings, or its subsidiaries, net operating loss benefits which would not yet be realized in a separate return in exchange for a reduction in its intercompany account balances (including the subordinated revolving loan). EME Homer City also files a separate state income tax return in Pennsylvania. Because EME Homer City is expected to realize deferred tax assets through future taxable income or by reduction of intercompany loans, no valuation allowance has been recorded.
Amounts included in due to affiliates on the balance sheet associated with this tax-allocation agreement totaled $54.3 million and $25.6 million at June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. EME Homer City accounts for deferred income taxes using the asset-and-liability method, wherein deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted income tax rates. Interest expense and penalties associated with income taxes are reflected in the
6
caption "Provision (benefit) for income taxes" on the statements of operations. For further discussion of income taxes, see Note 4—Income Taxes.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of emission allowances purchased by EME Homer City. These emission allowances are stated at weighted average cost.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Principles Adopted
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Interpretation No. 48—
In July 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, which clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. FIN No. 48 requires an enterprise to recognize, in its financial statements, the best estimate of the impact of a tax position by determining if the weight of the available evidence indicates it is more likely than not, based solely on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained on audit. EME Homer City adopted FIN No. 48 effective January 1, 2007. Adoption of FIN No. 48 did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to partner's equity.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 155—
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, which amends SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 140, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities." SFAS No. 155 allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives to be accounted for at fair value at acquisition, at issuance, or when a previously recognized financial instrument is subject to a remeasurement event, on an instrument-by-instrument basis, in cases in which a derivative would otherwise have to be bifurcated. SFAS No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued, or subject to remeasurement after January 1, 2007. The fair value election provided for in paragraph 4(c) of this Statement may also be applied upon adoption of this Statement for hybrid financial instruments that had been bifurcated under paragraph 12 of SFAS No. 133 prior to the adoption of this Statement. The adoption of this standard had no effect on EME Homer City's financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Accounting Principles Not Yet Adopted
FASB Staff Position FIN No. 39-1—
In April 2007, the FASB issued FIN No. 39-1. FIN No. 39-1 amends paragraph 3 of FIN No. 39 to replace the terms conditional contracts and exchange contracts with the term derivative instruments as defined in SFAS No. 133. FIN No. 39-1 also states that under master netting arrangements if collateral is based on fair value, then it must be netted with the fair value of derivative assets/liabilities if an entity qualified and elected the option to net those amounts. EME Homer City will adopt FIN No. 39-1 on January 1, 2008. EME Homer City is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN No. 39-1 on its financial statements.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157—
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, which clarifies the definition of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands the disclosures on fair value
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measurements. EME Homer City will adopt SFAS No. 157 on January 1, 2008. EME Homer City is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 157 on its financial statements.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159—
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, which provides an option to report eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Upon adoption, the first remeasurement to fair value would be reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. EME Homer City will adopt SFAS No. 159 on January 1, 2008. EME Homer City is currently evaluating whether it will opt to report any financial assets and liabilities at fair value and the impact, if adopted, on its financial statements.
Note 2. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:
| | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
| | Unrecognized Losses and Prior Service Costs, Net(1)
| | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
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| | (in thousands)
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Balance at December 31, 2006 | | $ | 57,907 | | $ | (1,502 | ) | $ | 56,405 | |
Current period change | | | (53,648 | ) | | 1 | | | (53,647 | ) |
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Balance at June 30, 2007 | | $ | 4,259 | | $ | (1,501 | ) | $ | 2,758 | |
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- (1)
- For further detail, see Note 3—Compensation and Benefit Plans.
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax, at June 30, 2007, included unrealized gains on commodity hedges related to futures and forward energy sales contracts that qualify for hedge accounting. These gains arise because current forecasts of future electricity prices are lower than EME Homer City's contract prices. The decrease in unrealized gains during the six months ended June 30, 2007 resulted from an increase in market prices for power.
As EME Homer City's hedged positions are realized, approximately $17.8 million, after tax, of the net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges at June 30, 2007 are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months. Management expects that reclassification of net unrealized gains will offset energy revenue recognized at market prices. Actual amounts ultimately reclassified into earnings over the next 12 months could vary materially from this estimated amount as a result of changes in market conditions. The maximum period over which a cash flow hedge is designated is through December 31, 2009.
Under SFAS No. 133, the portion of a cash flow hedge that does not offset the change in value of the transaction being hedged, which is commonly referred to as the ineffective portion, is immediately recognized in earnings. EME Homer City recorded net losses of $8.9 million and $5.0 million during the second quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $9.9 million and $15.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing the amount of cash flow hedges' ineffectiveness, reflected in operating revenues in EME Homer City's income statements.
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Note 3. Compensation and Benefit Plans
Pension Plans and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
Pension Plans
EME Homer City previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 that it expected to contribute approximately $1.7 million to its pension plans in 2007. As of June 30, 2007, no contributions have been made. EME Homer City continues to expect to contribute approximately $1.7 million to its pension plans in the last six months of 2007. Expected contribution funding in 2007 could vary from anticipated amounts, depending on the funded status at year-end and the tax-deductible funding limitations.
Components of pension expense are:
| | Three Months Ended June 30,
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
| |
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| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
| |
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| | (in thousands)
| |
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Service cost | | $ | 413 | | $ | 498 | | $ | 826 | | $ | 995 | |
Interest cost | | | 347 | | | 318 | | | 695 | | | 636 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (312 | ) | | (244 | ) | | (624 | ) | | (487 | ) |
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss | | | (26 | ) | | 9 | | | (52 | ) | | 18 | |
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Total expense | | $ | 422 | | $ | 581 | | $ | 845 | | $ | 1,162 | |
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Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
EME Homer City previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006, that it expected to contribute $271,000 to its postretirement benefits other than pensions in 2007. As of June 30, 2007, $68,000 in contributions have been made. EME Homer City continues to expect to contribute $203,000 to its postretirement benefits other than pensions in the last six months of 2007. Expected contribution funding in 2007 could vary from anticipated amounts, depending on the funded status at year-end and the tax-deductible funding limitations.
Components of postretirement benefits expense are:
| | Three Months Ended June 30,
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
| |
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| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
| |
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| | (in thousands)
| |
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Service cost | | $ | 212 | | $ | 208 | | $ | 424 | | $ | 416 | |
Interest cost | | | 331 | | | 286 | | | 662 | | | 573 | |
Amortization of prior service credit | | | (26 | ) | | (26 | ) | | (52 | ) | | (52 | ) |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | | | 52 | | | 67 | | | 105 | | | 134 | |
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Total expense | | $ | 569 | | $ | 535 | | $ | 1,139 | | $ | 1,071 | |
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Note 4. Income Taxes
EME Homer City had effective income tax provision (benefit) rates during the first six months of 2007 and 2006 of 39.9% and (56.2)%, respectively. EME Homer City's effective income tax provision
9
(benefit) rate varies from the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes and estimated benefits from a federal deduction related to qualified domestic production activities under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding the effect of federal income taxes on unrecognized state tax benefits) as of the date of adoption of FIN No. 48 was $3.9 million. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $3.9 million. The total amount of accrued interest and penalties was $1.5 million as of the date of adoption.
EME Homer City remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, the California Franchise Tax Board, and other state tax authorities from 1994 to present. EME Homer City continues its efforts to resolve open tax issues with the Internal Revenue Service and state authorities. The timing for resolving these open tax positions is subject to uncertainty, but it is reasonably possible that some portion of these open tax positions could be resolved in the next twelve months.
Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies
Termination of Lease Swap Agreement
In connection with the sale-leaseback transaction, EME Homer City had entered into a swap agreement with a bank in order to more effectively match its cash flow, which generally is higher during the summer months when energy prices are higher, with its lease payments. At December 31, 2006, EME Homer City had a net deposit balance due from the bank of $45.4 million. On March 30, 2007, EME Homer City terminated the lease swap agreement and received a refund of the net deposit and the accrued interest totaling $45.9 million.
Other Commitments
Capital Improvements
At June 30, 2007, EME Homer City had firm commitments to spend approximately $5.5 million on capital expenditures during the remainder of 2007 primarily related to SCR system performance improvements and a selenium removal system. These capital expenditures are planned to be financed by cash generated from operations.
Fuel Supply Contracts
EME Homer City has entered into additional fuel purchase commitments with various third-party suppliers for purchase of coal during the first six months of 2007. These additional commitments are currently estimated to be $102.6 million in 2008 and $79.8 million in 2009.
Other Contractual Obligations
EME Homer City has entered into additional contractual agreements for the purchase of limestone and anhydrous ammonia during the first six months of 2007. The additional commitments are currently estimated to be $3.6 million in 2008, $5.1 million in 2009, $7.0 million in 2010, and $7.2 million in 2011.
10
Interconnection Agreement
EME Homer City's general partner, Mission Energy Westside, is a party to an interconnection agreement with NYSEG and Penelec to provide interconnection services necessary to interconnect the Homer City facilities with NYSEG's and Penelec's transmission systems. Unless terminated earlier in accordance with specified terms, the interconnection agreement will terminate on a date mutually agreed to by Mission Energy Westside, NYSEG and Penelec. This date will not exceed the retirement date of the Homer City units. NYSEG and Penelec have agreed to extend the interconnection services (but not the expiration of the agreement) to modifications, additions or upgrades to, or repowering of the Homer City units. Mission Energy Westside is required to compensate NYSEG and Penelec for all reasonable costs associated with any modifications, additions or replacements made to NYSEG's or Penelec's interconnection facilities or transmission systems in connection with any modification, addition or upgrade to, or repowering of the Homer City units.
Guarantees and Indemnities
Tax Indemnity Agreements
In connection with the sale-leaseback transaction related to the Homer City facilities, EME Homer City and its indirect parent, EME, entered into tax indemnity agreements. Under these tax indemnity agreements, EME Homer City and EME agreed to indemnify the equity investors in the sale-leaseback transaction for specified adverse tax consequences that could result in certain situations set forth in the tax indemnity agreements, including specified defaults under the respective leases. The potential indemnity obligation under these tax indemnity agreements could be significant. Due to the nature of the obligations under these tax indemnity agreements, EME Homer City cannot determine a maximum potential liability. The indemnities would be triggered by a valid claim from the lessors. EME Homer City has not recorded a liability related to these indemnities.
Indemnity Provided as Part of the Acquisition of the Homer City Facilities
In connection with the acquisition of the Homer City facilities, EME Homer City agreed to indemnify the sellers with respect to specific environmental liabilities before and after the date of sale. Payments would be triggered under this indemnity by a claim from the sellers. EME guaranteed the obligations of EME Homer City. Due to the nature of the obligation under this indemnity provision, it is not subject to a maximum potential liability and does not have an expiration date. EME Homer City has not recorded a liability related to this indemnity.
Contingencies
Ash Disposal Site
EME Homer City's ash disposal site is a permitted Class I Residual Waste Landfill, the most stringently regulated of the three categories of residual waste landfills authorized by the regulations of the PADEP. EME Homer City's permit allows it to dispose of coal combustion by-products, including fly ash, bottom ash and pyrites, and miscellaneous plant wastes at the landfill. The wastes are deposited in compacted layers within lifts, or sections. Each lift where coal ash is disposed must be capped and covered when it reaches final grade. EME Homer City must also monitor groundwater quality at and adjacent to the ash disposal site through a network of monitoring wells and report the results to the PADEP on a periodic basis. In the event that a disposal facility's groundwater monitoring identifies degradation in any of its wells, the PADEP's regulations require the facility to first confirm the existence and nature of the degradation by conducting a groundwater assessment. If the assessment
11
confirms groundwater degradation in excess of the applicable regulatory standards, the facility is then required to prepare and implement an abatement plan that could include measures such as installing a liner in a previously unlined area. To date, no degradation has been found in the groundwater monitoring system at EME Homer City that would require the development of an assessment or abatement plan. EME Homer City also provides financial assurance in the form of a surety bond to guarantee its closure and post-closure obligations at the landfill. The estimated closure date is 2018. Management does not believe that the costs of maintaining and closing the ash disposal site will have a material impact on EME Homer City's financial statements.
Insurance
EME Homer City maintains insurance policies that are comparable to those carried by other electric generating facilities of a similar size. The insurance program includes all-risk real and personal property insurance, including coverage for losses from boiler and machinery breakdowns, and the perils of earthquake and flood, subject to certain sublimits. The property insurance program currently covers losses up to $1.1 billion. Under the terms of the participation agreements entered into as part of EME Homer City's sale-leaseback transaction, EME Homer City is required to maintain specified minimum insurance coverages if and to the extent that such insurance is available on a commercially reasonable basis. Although the insurance covering the Homer City facilities is comparable to insurance coverages normally carried by companies engaged in similar businesses, and owning similar properties, the insurance coverages that are in place do not meet the minimum insurance coverages required under the participation agreements. Due to the current market environment, the minimum insurance coverage is not commercially available at reasonable prices. EME Homer City has obtained a waiver under the participation agreements which permits it to maintain its current insurance coverage through June 1, 2008.
EME Homer City also carries general liability insurance covering liabilities to third parties for bodily injury or property damage resulting from operations, automobile liability insurance and excess liability insurance. Limits and deductibles in respect of these insurance policies are consistent with the requirements of the participation agreements.
FERC Notice Regarding Investigatory Proceeding against EMMT
At the end of October 2006, EMMT was advised by the enforcement staff at the FERC that it is prepared to recommend that the FERC initiate a formal investigatory proceeding and seek monetary sanctions against EMMT for alleged violation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and the FERC's rules regarding market behavior, all with respect to certain bidding practices previously employed by EMMT. EMMT is engaged in discussions with the staff to explore the possibility of resolution of this matter. Should a formal proceeding be commenced, EMMT will be entitled to contest any alleged violations before the FERC and an appropriate court. EMMT has advised EME Homer City that EMMT believes that it has complied with all applicable laws and regulations and intends to contest vigorously any allegation of violation. EMMT has further advised EME Homer City that it cannot predict at this time the outcome of this matter or estimate the possible liability should the outcome be adverse.
Environmental Matters and Regulations
The construction and operation of power plants are subject to environmental regulation by federal, state and local authorities. EME Homer City believes that it is in substantial compliance with existing environmental regulatory requirements. Typically, environmental laws and regulations require a lengthy and complex process for obtaining licenses, permits and approvals prior to construction, operation or modification of a project or generating facility. Meeting all the necessary requirements can delay or
12
sometimes prevent the completion of a proposed project, as well as require extensive modifications to existing projects, which may involve significant capital expenditures. If EME Homer City fails to comply with applicable environmental laws, it may be subject to injunctive relief or penalties and fines imposed by regulatory authorities.
Note 6. Supplemental Statements of Cash Flows Information
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
|
---|
| | 2007
| | 2006
|
---|
| | (in thousands)
|
---|
Cash paid | | | | | | |
| Interest | | $ | 109,413 | | $ | 60,365 |
| Income taxes | | | 1,498 | | | 1,610 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities | | | | | | |
| Non-cash settlement of intercompany tax liabilities through an increase in the subordinated revolving loan agreement | | $ | — | | $ | 60,154 |
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This MD&A contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements reflect EME Homer City's current expectations and projections about future events based on EME Homer City's knowledge of present facts and circumstances and assumptions about future events and include any statement that does not directly relate to a historical or current fact. Other information distributed by EME Homer City that is incorporated in this report, or that refers to or incorporates this report, may also contain forward-looking statements. In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the words "expects," "believes," "anticipates," "estimates," "projects," "intends," "plans," "probable," "may," "will," "could," "would," "should," and variations of such words and similar expressions, or discussions of strategy or plans, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Some of the risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause results to differ, or that otherwise could impact EME Homer City, include but are not limited to:
- •
- supply and demand for electric capacity and energy, and the resulting prices and dispatch volumes in the wholesale markets to which EME Homer City's generating units have access;
- •
- the cost and availability of fuel and fuel transportation services;
- •
- market volatility and other market conditions that could increase EME Homer City's obligations to post collateral beyond the amounts currently expected, and the potential effect of such conditions on the ability of EME Homer City to provide sufficient collateral in support of its hedging activities and purchases of fuel;
- •
- the cost and availability of emission credits or allowances;
- •
- transmission congestion in and to each market area and the resulting differences in prices between delivery points;
- •
- governmental, statutory, regulatory or administrative changes or initiatives affecting EME Homer City or the electricity industry generally, including market structure rules;
- •
- environmental regulations that could require additional expenditures or otherwise affect EME Homer City's cost and manner of doing business;
- •
- the ability of EME Homer City to borrow funds and access capital markets on favorable terms;
- •
- the extent of additional supplies of capacity, energy and ancillary services from current competitors or new market entrants, including the development of new generation facilities and technologies that may be able to produce electricity at a lower cost than EME Homer City's generating facilities and/or increased access by competitors to EME Homer City's markets as a result of transmission upgrades;
- •
- the difficulty of predicting wholesale prices, transmission congestion, energy demand, and other aspects in the complex and volatile markets in which EME Homer City participates;
- •
- operating risks, including equipment failure, availability, heat rate, output and availability and cost of spare parts and repairs;
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- •
- effects of legal proceedings, changes in or interpretations of tax laws, rates or policies, and changes in accounting standards;
- •
- general political, economic and business conditions; and
- •
- weather conditions, natural disasters and other unforeseen events.
Additional information about risks and uncertainties, including more detail about the factors described above, is contained throughout this MD&A and in the "Risk Factors" section included in Part I, Item 1A of EME Homer City's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. Readers are urged to read this entire quarterly report on Form 10-Q and carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors that affect EME Homer City's business. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and EME Homer City is not obligated to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements. Readers should review future reports filed by EME Homer City with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
This MD&A discusses material changes in the results of operations, financial condition and other developments of EME Homer City since December 31, 2006, and as compared to the second quarter of 2006 and six months ended June 30, 2006. This discussion presumes that the reader has read or has access to the MD&A included in Item 7 of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
This MD&A is presented in four sections:
| | Page
|
---|
Management's Overview; Critical Accounting Policies | | 15 |
Results of Operations | | 17 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources | | 20 |
Market Risk Exposures | | 25 |
MANAGEMENT'S OVERVIEW; CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Management's Overview
Introduction
EME Homer City is a Pennsylvania limited partnership formed for the purpose of acquiring, owning and operating three coal-fired electric generating units and related facilities located near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with an aggregate capacity of 1,884 MW. EME Homer City does not have any plans to purchase or develop new power plants at this time. In December 2001, EME Homer City completed a sale-leaseback transaction of the Homer City facilities to third-party lessors. The sale-leaseback transaction is accounted for as a lease financing for financial reporting purposes.
The Homer City facilities are located in the control area managed by PJM. The energy and capacity from the Homer City facilities are sold under terms, including price and quantity, arranged by EMMT, on behalf of EME Homer City, to customers through a combination of bilateral agreements, forward energy sales and spot market sales. See "Market Risk Exposures" for further discussion of forward market prices.
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Overview of EME Homer City's Operating Performance
EME Homer City had net income of $10.4 million for the second quarter of 2007, compared to $8.7 million for the second quarter of 2006, and net income of $35.1 million for the first six months of 2007, compared to net loss of $3.8 million for the first six months of 2006. The increases in earnings were primarily attributable to higher generation, higher average realized energy price and lower prices of SO2 emission allowances as compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. Partially offsetting these increases were higher maintenance costs in 2007 related to the planned outage at Unit 2 of the Homer City facilities and estimated insurance recovery related to the Unit 3 outage recorded during the second quarter of 2006.
PJM Reliability Pricing Model
In April 2007, PJM completed the first capacity auction under the PJM Reliability Pricing Model. EMMT participated in the auction for the period June 1, 2007 through May 31, 2008. After accounting for previous forward sales of capacity, a net 786 MW of capacity was sold from the Homer City facilities. The Homer City facilities are located in the "Rest of Market" area which had a clearing price of $40.80 per MW-day.
In July 2007, EMMT participated in the auction for the period June 1, 2008 through May 31, 2009. After accounting for previous forward sales of capacity, a net 820 MW of capacity was sold from the Homer City facilities. The Homer City facilities are located in the "Rest of Market" area which had a clearing price of $111.92 per MW-day.
For further discussion regarding the PJM and recent auctions, see "Market Risk Exposures—Commodity Price Risk—Capacity Price Risk."
Critical Accounting Policies
For a discussion of EME Homer City's critical accounting policies, refer to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary
The table below summarizes revenues and key performance measures related to coal-fired generation, which represents the majority of EME Homer City's operations.
| | Three Months Ended June 30,
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
|
---|
| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
|
---|
| | (in millions)
|
---|
Operating Revenues | | $ | 176 | | $ | 148 | | $ | 374 | | $ | 271 |
Statistics | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Generation (in GWh) | | | 3,160 | | | 2,866 | | | 6,453 | | | 5,387 |
| Aggregate plant performance | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Equivalent availability(1) | | | 83.5% | | | 74.3% | | | 85.0% | | | 73.1% |
| | Capacity factor(2) | | | 76.7% | | | 69.5% | | | 78.7% | | | 65.7% |
| | Load factor(3) | | | 91.8% | | | 93.6% | | | 92.6% | | | 89.9% |
| | Forced outage rate(4) | | | 1.8% | | | 19.9% | | | 3.9% | | | 22.8% |
| Average realized energy price/MWh(5) | | $ | 54.32 | | $ | 47.38 | | $ | 56.13 | | $ | 48.41 |
| Capacity revenue only (in millions) | | $ | 7 | | $ | 4 | | $ | 13 | | $ | 6 |
| Average fuel costs/MWh | | $ | 21.62 | | $ | 24.13 | | $ | 21.72 | | $ | 24.03 |
- (1)
- The equivalent availability factor is defined as the number of MWh the coal units are available to generate electricity divided by the product of the capacity of the coal units (in MW) and the number of hours in the period. Equivalent availability reflects the impact of the unit's inability to achieve full load, referred to as derating, as well as outages which result in a complete unit shutdown. The coal units are not available during periods of planned and unplanned maintenance.
- (2)
- The capacity factor is defined as the actual number of MWh generated by the coal plants divided by the product of the capacity of the coal plants (in MW) and the number of hours in the period.
- (3)
- The load factor is determined by dividing capacity factor by the equivalent availability factor.
- (4)
- Homer City refers to unplanned maintenance as a forced outage.
- (5)
- The average realized energy price reflects the average price at which energy is sold into the market including the effects of hedges, real-time and day-ahead sales and PJM fees and ancillary services. It is determined by dividing (i) operating revenue less unrealized SFAS No. 133 gains (losses) and other non-energy related revenue by (ii) total generation.
Operating Revenues
Operating revenues increased $28.6 million and $103.5 million in the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. The increases were primarily attributable to higher generation and higher average realized energy prices. During the six months ended June 30, 2006, an unplanned outage at Unit 3 contributed to lower generation and availability.
Included in operating revenues were unrealized gains (losses) from hedging activities of $(2.6) million and $8.5 million for the second quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $(2.1) million and $3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Unrealized gains (losses) were primarily attributable to the ineffective portion of forward and futures contracts which are derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133. The ineffective portion of hedge contracts at Homer City was primarily attributable to changes in the difference between energy prices at PJM West Hub (the settlement point under forward contracts) and the energy prices at the Homer City busbar (the delivery point where power generated by the Homer City facilities
17
is delivered into the transmission system). At June 30, 2007, unrealized losses of $13.1 million were recognized primarily from the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges related to subsequent periods. See "Market Risk Exposures—Commodity Price Risk" for more information regarding forward market prices.
Unit 3 Outage
On January 29, 2006, the main power transformer on Unit 3 of the Homer City facilities failed resulting in a suspension of operations at this unit. EME Homer City secured a replacement transformer and Unit 3 returned to service on May 5, 2006. The main transformer failure resulted in claims under EME Homer City's property and business interruption insurance policies. At June 30, 2007, EME Homer City had recorded a $13.3 million receivable related to these claims. Resolution of the claims is subject to a number of uncertainties, including computations of the lost profit during the outage period.
Seasonal Disclosure
Due to higher electric demand resulting from warmer weather during the summer months and cold weather during the winter months, electric revenues from the Homer City facilities vary substantially on a seasonal basis. In addition, maintenance outages generally are scheduled during periods of lower projected electric demand (spring and fall) further reducing generation and increasing major maintenance costs which are recorded as an expense when incurred. Accordingly, earnings from the Homer City facilities are seasonal and have significant variability from quarter to quarter. Seasonal fluctuations may also be affected by changes in market prices. See "Market Risk Exposures—Commodity Price Risk—Energy Price Risk" for further discussion regarding market prices.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses increased $13.1 million and $23.9 million in the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. Operating expenses consisted of expenses for fuel, gain on sale of emission allowances, plant operations, depreciation and amortization, and administrative and general expenses. The change in the components of operating expenses is discussed below.
Fuel expenses decreased $0.8 million and increased $10.7 million in the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. The second quarter decrease was due to lower coal price, partially offset by higher generation. The 2007 year-to-date increase was primarily due to higher coal consumption as a result of higher generation, partially offset by lower coal price and lower cost of SO2 emission allowances. The cost of SO2 allowances decreased to $6.0 million and $11.7 million during the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, from $9.0 million and $20.9 million during the second quarter of 2006 and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, due to lower emission and a decrease in the market price of SO2 emission allowances. See "Market Risk Exposures—Commodity Price Risk—Emission Allowances Price Risk" for more information regarding the price of SO2 emission allowances.
Gain on the sale of emission allowances was $1.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2006. EME Homer City sold excess NOX emission allowances to an affiliate during the first quarter of 2006. EME Homer City had no comparable results in the six months ended June 30, 2007.
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Plant operations increased $13.3 million and $11.9 million in the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. The increases were primarily attributable to higher maintenance costs in 2007 related to the planned outage at Unit 2 of the Homer City facilities during the second quarter of 2007.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest and other income decreased $13.2 million and $12.5 million in the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. The decreases were primarily attributable to estimated insurance recovery of $10.8 million related to the Unit 3 outage recorded during the second quarter of 2006.
Interest expense decreased $1.6 million and $0.1 million in the second quarter of 2007 and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of 2006. Interest expense primarily relates to the lease financing of the Homer City facilities that originated in December 2001. Interest expense also includes interest of $10.1 million and $10.3 million in the second quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $20.4 million and $19.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, on EME Homer City's subordinated revolving loan agreement with Edison Mission Finance.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
EME Homer City had effective income tax provision (benefit) rates during the first six months of 2007 and 2006 of 39.9% and (56.2)%, respectively. EME Homer City's effective income tax provision (benefit) rate varies from the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes and estimated benefits from a federal deduction related to qualified domestic production activities under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting EME Homer City, see "EME Homer City Generation L.P. Notes to Financial Statements—Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—New Accounting Pronouncements."
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Introduction
The following discussion of liquidity and capital resources is organized in the following sections:
| | Page
|
---|
Cash Flow | | 20 |
Capital Expenditures and Lease Covenants | | 21 |
Distributions to EME | | 22 |
Credit Ratings | | 22 |
Contractual Obligations | | 23 |
Environmental Matters and Regulations | | 23 |
For a complete discussion of these issues, read this quarterly report on Form 10-Q in conjunction with EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Cash Flow
At June 30, 2007, EME Homer City had cash and cash equivalents of $128.9 million, compared to $113.8 million at December 31, 2006. Net working capital at June 30, 2007 was $23.3 million, compared to $36.2 million at December 31, 2006. Net working capital decreased $12.9 million primarily attributable to a decrease in deposit under lease swap agreement due to termination of the agreement in 2007. Partially offsetting this decrease was a decrease in interest payable and current deferred tax liability.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $2.6 million in the first six months of 2007, compared to the corresponding period of 2006. The 2007 increase was primarily due to net income in 2007 versus net losses in 2006 and timing of cash receipts and disbursement related to working capital items.
Net cash used in financing activities increased $40.0 million in the first six months of 2007, compared to the corresponding period of 2006. The 2007 increase was primarily attributable to repayments of affiliate debt in 2007, compared to borrowings under a subordinated revolving loan agreement with Edison Mission Finance in 2006. In addition, EME Homer City received a payment of $45.4 million from the termination of the lease swap agreement in 2007, compared to advances of $61.1 million received under the lease swap agreement in 2006.
Net cash provided by investing activities increased $1.3 million in the first six months of 2007, compared to the corresponding period of 2006. The 2007 increase was primarily due to a release of funds from EME Homer City's restricted cash accounts mostly offset by proceeds received in 2006 from sale of emission allowances and related to a settlement in connection with the 2002 outage of Unit 3.
The use of EME Homer City's cash generated from operations is restricted by the sale-leaseback agreements. EME Homer City believes that it will have adequate liquidity to meet its obligations as they become due in the next 12 months.
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Capital Expenditures and Lease Covenants
At June 30, 2007, the estimated capital expenditures by EME Homer City for July through December 2007 and for 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| | July through December 2007
| | 2008
| | 2009
|
---|
| | (in millions)
|
---|
Plant capital expenditures | | $ | 11.4 | | $ | 25.7 | | $ | 20.0 |
Environmental expenditures | | | 5.6 | | | 9.5 | | | 14.7 |
| |
| |
| |
|
Total | | $ | 17.0 | | $ | 35.2 | | $ | 34.7 |
| |
| |
| |
|
Plant capital expenditures relate to non-environmental projects such as upgrades to boiler and turbine controls, replacement of feedwater heater and superheater tubes, and an expansion of a coal cleaning plant refuse site. Environmental expenditures relate to projects such as low NOX burners, mercury emission monitoring and control, selenium removal system, and SCR performance improvements. EME Homer City plans to finance these expenditures with cash on hand or cash generated from operations. See further discussion regarding possible additional capital expenditures, including environmental control equipment, under "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Environmental Matters and Regulations—Air Quality Regulation" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Under the participation agreements entered into as part of the sale-leaseback transaction, EME Homer City's ability to enter into specified transactions and to engage in specified business activities, including financing and investment activities, is subject to significant restrictions. These restrictions could affect, and in some cases significantly limit or prohibit, its ability to, among other things, merge, consolidate or sell its assets, create liens on its properties or assets, enter into non-permitted trading activities, enter into transactions with its affiliates, incur indebtedness, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist guarantees or contingent obligations, make restricted payments to its partners, make capital expenditures, own subsidiaries, liquidate or dissolve, engage in non-permitted business activities, sublease its leasehold interests in the facilities or make improvements to the facilities. Accordingly, EME Homer City's liquidity is substantially based on its ability to generate cash flow from operations. If EME Homer City is unable to generate cash flow from operations necessary to meet its obligations, EME Homer City will have limited ability to obtain additional capital on attractive terms and conditions, unless its partners provide additional funding, which they are under no legal obligation to do.
The rent payments that EME Homer City owes under the sale-leaseback agreements are comprised of two components, a senior rent portion and an equity rent portion. The senior rent is used exclusively for debt service to the holders of the senior secured bonds issued in connection with the sale-leaseback transaction, while the equity rent is paid to the owner-lessors. In order to pay the equity portion of the rent, EME Homer City is required to meet historical and projected senior rent service coverage ratios of 1.7 to 1 subject to reduction to 1.3 to 1 under circumstances specified in the participation agreements. During the 12 months ended June 30, 2007, the senior rent service coverage ratio was 2.64 to 1. The senior rent service coverage ratio is determined by dividing net cash flow as defined in the participation agreements by the senior rent due in that period. In addition, if EME Homer City does not meet specified debt service coverage ratios while the lease debt is outstanding, it will not pay the equity portion of the rent to the owner-lessors. Accordingly, the sale-leaseback documentation does not permit the lessor to terminate the lease in the event of non-payment of the equity portion of the rent while the lease debt is outstanding.
21
EME Homer City's use of cash in its bank accounts is limited to specific operating and capital expenditures as set forth in the security deposit agreement executed as part of the sale-leaseback transaction. The amount in certain reserve accounts will be available for payments due on the equity portion of lease rent during specified periods, and in accordance with the sale-leaseback documents, unless there is a default in the payment of the senior portion of lease rent, in which case the amount will be available to pay such senior portion of the lease rent. The release of funds from these restricted cash accounts is permitted, provided EME Homer City maintains specified reserve balances in accordance with the sale-leaseback documents, no event of default shall have occurred or be continuing and no two failed rent payments shall have occurred. EME Homer City had $30 million included in restricted cash at June 30, 2007 related to these reserve accounts.
Distributions to EME
The following table summarizes the payments by EME Homer City under its subordinated revolving loan that constitute permitted distributions pursuant to the terms of the sale-leaseback transaction:
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
|
---|
| | 2007
| | 2006(1)
|
---|
| | (in millions)
|
---|
Payment of interest | | $ | 50.3 | | $ | — |
Payment of principal | | | 12.7 | | | — |
| |
| |
|
Total payments | | $ | 63.0 | | $ | — |
| |
| |
|
- (1)
- In March 2006, EME made an equity contribution of $8.8 million for working capital purposes. Subsequently, EME Homer City made a permitted distribution to EME of $8.8 million through a payment of interest on the subordinated revolving loan.
Credit Ratings
EME Homer City is not currently rated. EME Homer City has entered into a contract with EMMT for the sale of energy and capacity from its facilities, which enables this marketing affiliate to engage in forward sales and hedging. The credit ratings for EME and EMMT, at June 30, 2007, were as follows:
| | Moody's Rating
| | S&P Rating
| | Fitch Rating
|
---|
EME | | B1 | | BB- | | BB- |
EMMT | | Not Rated | | BB- | | Not Rated |
EME Homer City cannot provide assurance that the credit ratings above will remain in effect for any given period of time or that one or more of these ratings will not be lowered. EME Homer City notes that these credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities and may be revised at any time by a rating agency.
EME Homer City's sale-leaseback documents restrict EME Homer City's ability to enter into trading activities, as defined in the documents, with EMMT to sell forward the output of its facilities if EMMT does not have an investment grade credit rating from S&P or Moody's or, in the absence of those ratings, if it is not rated as investment grade pursuant to EME's internal credit scoring procedures. These documents include a requirement that the counterparty to such transactions, and EME Homer City, if acting as seller to an unaffiliated third party, be investment grade. EME Homer City, which is not rated, currently sells all the output from its facilities through EMMT, which has a
22
below investment grade credit rating. Therefore, in order for EME Homer City to continue to sell forward the output of its facilities, either: (1) EME Homer City must obtain consent from the sale-leaseback owner participant to permit it to sell directly into the market or through EMMT; or (2) EMMT must provide assurances of performance consistent with the requirements of the sale-leaseback documents. EME Homer City has obtained a consent from the sale-leaseback owner participant that will allow it to enter into such sales, under specified conditions, through December 31, 2008. EME Homer City continues to be in compliance with the terms of the consent. EME Homer City is permitted to sell the output of its facilities into the spot market at any time. See "Market Risk Exposures—Commodity Price Risk."
Contractual Obligations
Capital Improvements
At June 30, 2007, EME Homer City had firm commitments to spend approximately $5.5 million on capital expenditures during the remainder of 2007 primarily related to SCR system performance improvements and a selenium removal system. These capital expenditures are planned to be financed by cash generated from operations.
Fuel Supply Contracts
EME Homer City has entered into additional fuel purchase commitments with various third-party suppliers for purchase of coal during the first six months of 2007. These additional commitments are currently estimated to be $102.6 million in 2008 and $79.8 million in 2009.
Other Contractual Obligations
EME Homer City has entered into additional contractual agreements for the purchase of limestone and anhydrous ammonia during the first six months of 2007. The additional commitments are currently estimated to be $3.6 million in 2008, $5.1 million in 2009, $7.0 million in 2010, and $7.2 million in 2011.
Termination of Lease Swap Agreement
In connection with the sale-leaseback transaction, EME Homer City had entered into a swap agreement with a bank in order to more effectively match its cash flow, which generally is higher during the summer months when energy prices are higher, with its lease payments. At December 31, 2006, EME Homer City had a net deposit balance due from the bank of $45.4 million. On March 30, 2007, EME Homer City terminated the lease swap agreement and received a refund of the net deposit and the accrued interest totaling $45.9 million.
Environmental Matters and Regulations
For a discussion of EME Homer City's environmental matters, refer to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Environmental Matters and Regulations" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the notes to the Financial Statements set forth
23
therein. There have been no other significant developments with respect to environmental matters specifically affecting EME Homer City since the filing of its annual report, except as follows:
Water Quality Regulation
Clean Water Act—Cooling Water Intake Structures
On July 9, 2007, the US EPA published in the Federal Register a notice immediately suspending the requirements for cooling water intake structures, pending further rulemaking. The US EPA is expected to begin another rulemaking process in October 2007. Although the rule to be generated in the new rulemaking process could have a material impact on EME Homer City's operations, its compliance criteria have not yet been finalized, and EME Homer City cannot reasonably determine the financial impact at this time.
Pennsylvania
EME Homer City and the PADEP have entered into a consent order and agreement related to selenium discharge, which was filed in Pennsylvania state court on July 17, 2007. Under the consent order and agreement, EME Homer City agreed to pay a civil penalty of $200,000 and to install modifications to its wastewater system to achieve consistent compliance with discharge limits. Until the pilot programs have been completed and the treatment system design has been finalized, EME Homer City will be unable to estimate the costs for ongoing treatment.
Climate Change
On April 2, 2007, the United States Supreme Court issued an opinion inMassachusetts et. al. v. Environmental Protection Agency, et. al., ruling that US EPA has the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions of new motor vehicles under the Clean Air Act and that it has a duty to (i) determine whether greenhouse gas emissions of new motor vehicles contribute to climate change or (ii) offer a reasoned explanation for its failure to make such a determination when presented with a request for a rulemaking on the issue by the state claimants. The Court ruled that US EPA's failure to make the necessary determination or offer a reasonable explanation for its refusal to do so was impermissible. While this case hinged on a provision of the Clean Air Act related to emissions of motor vehicles, a parallel provision of the Clean Air Act applies to stationary sources such as electric generators. EME Homer City believes that the Court'sMassachusetts decision may spur additional congressional action to require reductions of greenhouse gas emissions by all material sources, including electric generators.
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MARKET RISK EXPOSURES
Introduction
EME Homer City's primary market risk exposures arise from fluctuations in electricity, capacity and fuel prices, emission allowances and transmission rights. EME Homer City manages these risks in part by using derivative financial instruments in accordance with established policies and procedures.
This section discusses these market risk exposures under the following headings:
| | Page
|
---|
Commodity Price Risk | | 25 |
Accounting for Energy Contracts | | 30 |
Derivative Financial Instruments | | 31 |
Credit Risk | | 32 |
Interest Rate Risk | | 33 |
Regulatory Matters | | 33 |
For a complete discussion of these issues, read this quarterly report on Form 10-Q in conjunction with EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Commodity Price Risk
Overview
EME Homer City's revenues and results of operations will depend upon prevailing market prices for capacity, energy, ancillary services, emission allowances or credits, coal, natural gas and fuel oil, and associated transportation costs in PJM and in NYISO. Among the factors that influence future market prices for energy, capacity and ancillary services in PJM and NYISO are:
- •
- prevailing market prices for coal, natural gas and fuel oil, and associated transportation;
- •
- the cost and availability of emission credits or allowances;
- •
- the extent of additional supplies of capacity, energy and ancillary services from current competitors or new market entrants, including the development of new generation facilities and/or technologies that may be able to produce electricity at a lower cost than the Homer City facilities and/or increased access by competitors to EME Homer City's markets as a result of transmission upgrades;
- •
- transmission congestion in and to each market area and the resulting differences in prices between delivery points;
- •
- the market structure rules established for, and regulatory developments affecting, PJM and NYISO, including any price limitations and other mechanisms adopted to address volatility or illiquidity in these markets or the physical stability of the system;
- •
- the availability, reliability and operation of competing power generation facilities, including nuclear generating plants, where applicable, and the extended operation of such facilities beyond their presently expected dates of decommissioning;
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- •
- weather conditions prevailing in surrounding areas from time to time; and
- •
- changes in the demand for electricity or in patterns of electricity usage as a result of factors such as regional economic conditions and the implementation of conservation programs.
Introduction
EME Homer City sells all its energy and capacity into wholesale power markets through EMMT. EMMT enters into forward contracts for EME Homer City's electric output in order to provide more predictable earnings and cash flow. When appropriate, EMMT manages the spread between electric prices and fuel prices through the use of forward contracts, swaps, futures, or options contracts. There is no assurance that contracts to hedge changes in market prices will be effective.
EME Homer City's operations expose it to commodity price risk, which represents the potential loss that can be caused by a change in the market value of a particular commodity. In addition to prevailing market prices, EME Homer City's ability to derive profits from the sale of electricity will be affected by the cost of production, including costs incurred to comply with environmental regulations. Commodity price risks are actively monitored by a risk management committee to ensure compliance with EME Homer City's risk management policies through EMMT. Policies are in place which define risk management processes, and procedures exist which allow for monitoring of all commitments and positions with regular reviews by a risk management committee. Despite this, there can be no assurance that all risks have been accurately identified, measured and/or mitigated.
EMMT uses "value at risk" to identify, measure, monitor and control EME Homer City's overall market risk exposure. The use of value at risk allows management to aggregate overall commodity risk, compare risk on a consistent basis and identify the risk factors. Value at risk measures the possible loss over a given time interval, under normal market conditions, at a given confidence level. Given the inherent limitations of value at risk and relying on a single risk measurement tool, EMMT supplements this approach with the use of stress testing and worst-case scenario analysis for key risk factors, as well as stop-loss limits and counterparty credit exposure limits.
Hedging Strategy
To reduce its exposure to market risk, EME Homer City hedges a portion of its merchant portfolio risk through EMMT. To the extent that EME Homer City does not hedge its merchant portfolio, the unhedged portion will be subject to the risks and benefits of spot market price movements. Hedge transactions are primarily implemented through:
- •
- the use of contracts cleared on the Intercontinental Trading Exchange and the New York Mercantile Exchange,
- •
- forward sales transactions entered into on a bilateral basis with third parties, including electric utilities and power marketing companies, and
- •
- participation in capacity auctions.
The extent to which EME Homer City hedges its market price risk depends on several factors. First, EME Homer City evaluates over-the-counter market prices to determine whether the types of hedge transactions set forth above at forward market prices are sufficiently attractive compared to assuming the risk associated with fluctuating spot market sales. Second, EME Homer City's ability to enter into hedging transactions depends upon EMMT's credit capacity and upon the forward sales
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markets having sufficient liquidity to enable EME Homer City to identify appropriate counterparties for hedging transactions.
Energy Price Risk
All the energy and capacity from the Homer City facilities is sold under terms, including price and quantity, arranged by EMMT with customers through a combination of bilateral agreements (resulting from negotiations or from auctions), forward energy sales and spot market sales. Electric power generated at the Homer City facilities is generally sold into the PJM market. PJM has a short-term market, which establishes an hourly clearing price. The Homer City facilities are situated in the PJM control area and are physically connected to high-voltage transmission lines serving both the PJM and NYISO markets.
The following table depicts the average historical market prices for energy per megawatt-hour at the Homer City busbar and in PJM West Hub (EME Homer City's primary trading hub) during the first six months of 2007 and 2006:
| | Historical Energy Prices(1) 24-Hour PJM
|
---|
| | Homer City
| | West Hub
|
---|
| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
|
---|
January | | $ | 40.30 | | $ | 48.67 | | $ | 44.63 | | $ | 54.57 |
February | | | 64.27 | | | 49.54 | | | 73.93 | | | 56.39 |
March | | | 55.00 | | | 53.26 | | | 61.02 | | | 58.30 |
April | | | 52.42 | | | 48.50 | | | 58.74 | | | 49.92 |
May | | | 48.12 | | | 44.71 | | | 53.89 | | | 48.55 |
June | | | 45.88 | | | 38.78 | | | 60.19 | | | 45.78 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Six-Month Average | | $ | 51.00 | | $ | 47.24 | | $ | 58.73 | | $ | 52.25 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
- (1)
- Energy prices were calculated at the Homer City busbar (delivery point) and PJM West Hub using historical hourly real-time prices provided on the PJM-ISO web-site.
Forward market prices at the PJM West Hub fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including natural gas prices, transmission congestion, changes in market rules, electricity demand (which in turn is affected by weather, economic growth and other factors), plant outages in the region, and the amount of existing and planned power plant capacity. The actual spot prices for electricity delivered by the Homer City facilities into these markets may vary materially from the forward market prices set forth in the table below.
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The following table sets forth the forward market prices for energy per megawatt-hour as quoted for sales into the PJM West Hub at June 30, 2007:
2007
| | 24-Hour PJM West Hub Forward Energy Prices(1)
|
---|
| July | | $ | 64.02 |
| August | | | 69.02 |
| September | | | 49.57 |
| October | | | 48.52 |
| November | | | 50.71 |
| December | | | 57.24 |
2008 Calendar "strip"(2) | | $ | 62.36 |
- (1)
- Energy prices were determined by obtaining broker quotes and information from other public sources relating to the PJM West Hub delivery point. Forward prices at PJM West Hub are generally higher than the prices at the Homer City busbar.
- (2)
- Market price for energy purchases for the entire calendar year, as quoted for sales into the PJM West Hub.
The following table summarizes EME Homer City's hedge position at June 30, 2007:
| | 2007
| | 2008
| | 2009
|
---|
MWh | | | 3,820,375 | | | 7,232,000 | | | 2,048,000 |
Average price/MWh(1) | | $ | 64.24 | | $ | 60.86 | | $ | 71.05 |
- (1)
- The above hedge positions include forward contracts for the sale of power during different periods of the year and the day. Market prices tend to be higher during on-peak periods and during summer months, although there is significant variability of power prices during different periods of time. Accordingly, the above hedge position at June 30, 2007 is not directly comparable to the 24-hour PJM West Hub prices set forth above.
The average price/MWh for EME Homer City's hedge position is based on PJM West Hub. Energy prices at the Homer City busbar have been lower than energy prices at the PJM West Hub. See "—Basis Risk" below for a discussion of the difference.
Capacity Price Risk
On June 1, 2007, PJM implemented the RPM for capacity. The purpose of the RPM is to provide a long-term pricing signal for capacity resources. The RPM allows PJM to satisfy the region's need for generation capacity, which is then allocated among the load-serving entities through a locational reliability charge.
The first RPM auction took place in April 2007 and resulted in a fixed price for EME Homer City's capacity sold into the auction (included in PJM as "rest of market" location) of $40.80/MW per day for the period from June 1, 2007 through May 31, 2008. The second auction took place in July 2007 and resulted in a fixed price for EME Homer City's capacity sold into the auction of $111.92/MW per day for the period from June 1, 2008 through May 31, 2009. Subsequent auctions will be conducted in October 2007 and January 2008 to auction capacity for periods through May 2011.
Prior to the RPM auctions for the relevant delivery periods, EME Homer City sold a portion of its capacity to an unrelated third party for the delivery periods from June 1, 2007 through May 31, 2008 and June 1, 2008 through May 31, 2009. EME Homer City will not receive the RPM auction clearing price for this previously sold capacity. The price EME Homer City will receive for these capacity sales is a function of NYISO capacity clearing prices resulting from separate NYISO capacity auctions.
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The following table summarizes the status of capacity sales for EME Homer City at July 27, 2007:
| | July 1, 2007 to May 31, 2008
| | June 1, 2008 to May 31, 2009
|
---|
Fixed Price Capacity Sales | | | | | | |
| MW | | | 786 | | | 820 |
| Price per MW-day | | $ | 40.80 | | $ | 111.92 |
Variable Capacity Sales | | | | | | |
| MW | | | 870 | | | 881 |
| Price per MW-day(1) | | $ | 69.39 | | $ | 72.56 |
- (1)
- Actual contract price is a function of NYISO capacity auction clearing prices. Capacity price per MW-day is based on forward over-the-counter NYISO prices on July 27, 2007.
Revenues from the sale of capacity from EME Homer City beyond the periods set forth above will depend upon the amount of capacity available and future market prices either in PJM or nearby markets if EME Homer City has an opportunity to capture a higher value associated with those markets. Under PJM's RPM system, the market price for capacity is generally determined by aggregate market-based supply conditions and an administratively set aggregate demand curve. Among the factors influencing the supply of capacity in any particular market are plant forced outage rates, plant closings, plant delistings (due to plants being removed as capacity resources and/or to export capacity to other markets), capacity imports from other markets, and new entry.
Basis Risk
Sales made from the Homer City facilities in the real-time or day-ahead market receive the actual spot prices or day-ahead prices, as the case may be, at the Homer City busbar. In order to mitigate price risk from changes in spot prices at the Homer City busbar, EME Homer City may enter into cash settled futures contracts as well as forward contracts with counterparties for energy to be delivered in future periods. Currently, a liquid market for entering into these contracts at the Homer City busbar does not exist. A liquid market does exist at the PJM West Hub. EME Homer City's hedging activities use this settlement point to enter into hedging contracts. EME Homer City's revenues with respect to such forward contracts include:
- •
- sales of actual generation in the amounts covered by the forward contracts with reference to PJM spot prices at the Homer City busbar, plus,
- •
- sales to third parties at the price under such hedging contracts at designated settlement points (generally the PJM West Hub) less the cost of power at spot prices at the same designated settlement points.
Under PJM's market design, locational marginal pricing, which establishes market prices at specific locations throughout PJM by considering factors including generator bids, load requirements, transmission congestion and losses, can cause the price of a specific delivery point to be higher or lower relative to other locations depending on how the point is affected by transmission constraints. To the extent that, on the settlement date of a hedge contract, spot prices at the relevant busbar are lower than spot prices at the settlement point, the proceeds actually realized from the related hedge contract are effectively reduced by the difference. This is referred to as "basis risk." During the six months ended June 30, 2007, transmission congestion in PJM has resulted in prices at the Homer City busbar being lower than those at the PJM West Hub by an average of 13%, compared to 10% during the six months ended June 30, 2006. The monthly average difference during the twelve months ended June 30, 2007 ranged from 3% to 24%.
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By entering into cash settled futures contracts and forward contracts using the PJM West Hub as the settlement point, EME Homer City is exposed to basis risk as described above. In order to mitigate basis risk, EME Homer City may purchase financial transmission rights and basis swaps in PJM for EME Homer City. A financial transmission right is a financial instrument that entitles the holder to receive the difference of actual spot prices for two delivery points in exchange for a fixed amount. Accordingly, EME Homer City's hedging activities include using financial transmission rights alone or in combination with forward contracts and basis swap contracts to manage basis risk.
Coal Price Risk
The Homer City facilities purchase coal primarily obtained from mines located near the facilities in Pennsylvania. Coal purchases are made under a variety of supply agreements extending through 2010. The following table summarizes the amount of coal under contract at June 30, 2007 for the remainder of 2007 and the following three years.
| | July through December 2007
| | 2008
| | 2009
| | 2010
|
---|
Amount of coal under contract in millions of tons(1) | | 2.7 | | 4.3 | | 3.5 | | 0.2 |
- (1)
- The amount of coal under contract in tons is calculated based on contracted tons and applying a 13,000 Btu equivalent.
EME Homer City is subject to price risk for purchases of coal that are not under contract. Prices of NAPP coal, which are related to the price of coal purchased for the Homer City facilities, increased during the first six months of 2007 from 2006 year-end prices. The price of NAPP coal (with 13,000 Btu per pound heat content and <3.0 pounds of SO2 per MMBtu sulfur content) increased to $45.15 per ton at June 29, 2007 from $43.00 per ton at December 15, 2006, as reported by the Energy Information Administration. The 2007 increase in the NAPP coal price was in line with normal market price volatility.
Emission Allowances Price Risk
The federal Acid Rain Program requires electric generating stations to hold SO2 allowances, and Pennsylvania regulations implemented the federal NOX SIP Call requirement. As part of the acquisition of the Homer City facilities, EME Homer City obtained the rights to the emission allowances that have been or are allocated to these facilities. EME Homer City purchases (or sells) emission allowances based on the amounts required for actual generation in excess of (or less than) the amounts allocated under these programs. The average price of purchased SO2 allowances decreased to $517 per ton during the first six months of 2007 from $664 per ton during 2006. The price of SO2 allowances, determined by obtaining broker quotes and information from other public sources, was $544 per ton as of July 31, 2007.
For a discussion of environmental regulations related to emissions, refer to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Environmental Matters and Regulations" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Accounting for Energy Contracts
EME Homer City uses a number of energy contracts to manage exposure from changes in the price of electricity, including forward sales and purchases of physical power and forward price swaps which settle only on a financial basis (including futures contracts). EME Homer City follows SFAS
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No. 133, and under this Standard these energy contracts are generally defined as derivative financial instruments. Importantly, SFAS No. 133 requires changes in the fair value of each derivative financial instrument to be recognized in earnings at the end of each accounting period unless the instrument qualifies for hedge accounting under the terms of SFAS No. 133. For derivatives that do qualify for cash flow hedge accounting, changes in their fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item settles and is recognized in earnings. However, the ineffective portion of a derivative that qualifies for cash flow hedge accounting is recognized currently in earnings. For further discussion of derivative financial instruments, see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Management's Overview; Critical Accounting Estimates—Critical Accounting Estimates—Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
SFAS No. 133 affects the timing of income recognition, but has no effect on cash flow. To the extent that income varies under SFAS No. 133 from accrual accounting (i.e., revenue recognition based on settlement of transactions), EME Homer City records unrealized gains or losses. EME Homer City classifies unrealized gains and losses from energy contracts as part of operating revenues. The results of derivative activities are recorded as part of cash flow from operating activities in the statements of cash flows. The following table summarizes unrealized gains (losses) for the second quarters of 2007 and 2006 and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006:
| | Three Months Ended June 30,
| | Six Months Ended June 30,
|
---|
| | 2007
| | 2006
| | 2007
| | 2006
|
---|
| | (in millions)
|
---|
Non-qualifying hedges | | $ | 2.5 | | $ | 3.7 | | $ | 1.1 | | $ | 1.7 |
Ineffective portion of cash flow hedges | | | (5.1 | ) | | 4.8 | | | (3.2 | ) | | 1.6 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Total unrealized gains (losses) | | $ | (2.6 | ) | $ | 8.5 | | $ | (2.1 | ) | $ | 3.3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Derivative Financial Instruments
The following table summarizes the fair values for outstanding financial instruments used for hedging activities. The decrease in fair value of electricity contracts at June 30, 2007 as compared to December 31, 2006 is attributable to an increase in the average market prices for power as compared to contracted prices at June 30, 2007, which is the valuation date.
| | June 30, 2007
| | December 31, 2006
|
---|
| | (in thousands)
|
---|
Commodity price: | | | | | | |
| Electricity contracts | | $ | (5,840 | ) | $ | 89,099 |
| |
| |
|
In assessing the fair value of EME Homer City's derivative financial instruments, EMMT uses a variety of methods and assumptions based on the market conditions and associated risks existing at each balance sheet date. The fair value of commodity price contracts takes into account quoted market prices, time value of money, volatility of the underlying commodities and other factors. The following
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table summarizes the maturities and the related fair value, based on actively traded prices, of EME Homer City's commodity derivative assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2007 (in thousands):
| | Total Fair Value
| | Maturity <1 year
| | Maturity 1 to 3 years
| | Maturity 4 to 5 years
| | Maturity >5 years
|
---|
Prices actively quoted | | $ | (5,840 | ) | $ | 17,522 | | $ | (23,362 | ) | $ | — | | $ | — |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Credit Risk
In conducting EME Homer City's hedging activities, EMMT contracts with a number of utilities, energy companies, financial institutions, and other companies, collectively referred to as counterparties. In the event a counterparty were to default on its trade obligation, EME Homer City would be exposed to the risk of possible loss associated with re-contracting the product at a price different from the original contracted price if the non-performing counterparty were unable to pay the resulting liquidated damages owed to EME Homer City. Further, EME Homer City would be exposed to the risk of non-payment of accounts receivable accrued for products delivered prior to the time a counterparty defaulted.
To manage credit risk, EMMT looks at the risk of a potential default by counterparties. Credit risk is measured by the loss that would be incurred if counterparties failed to perform pursuant to the terms of their contractual obligations. EMMT measures, monitors and mitigates credit risk to the extent possible. To mitigate credit risk from counterparties, master netting agreements are used whenever possible and counterparties may be required to pledge collateral when deemed necessary. EMMT also takes other appropriate steps to limit or lower credit exposure. Processes have also been established to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties. EMMT manages the credit risk on the portfolio based on credit ratings using published ratings of counterparties and other publicly disclosed information, such as financial statements, regulatory filings, and press releases, to guide it in the process of setting credit levels, risk limits and contractual arrangements, including master netting agreements. A risk management committee regularly reviews the credit quality of EMMT's counterparties. Despite this, there can be no assurance that these efforts will be wholly successful in mitigating credit risk or that collateral pledged will be adequate.
In addition, coal for the Homer City facilities is purchased from suppliers under contracts which may be for multiple years. A number of the coal suppliers to the Homer City facilities do not currently have an investment grade credit rating and, accordingly, EME Homer City may have limited recourse to collect damages in the event of default by a supplier. EME Homer City seeks to mitigate this risk through diversification of its coal suppliers and through guarantees and other collateral arrangements when available. Despite this, there can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful in mitigating credit risk from coal suppliers.
EME Homer City derives a significant source of its operating revenues from electric power sold into the PJM market by EMMT. Sales into PJM accounted for approximately 80% of EME Homer City's operating revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2007. Moody's rates PJM's senior unsecured debt Aa3. PJM, an ISO with over 300 member companies, maintains its own credit risk policies and does not extend unsecured credit to non-investment grade companies. Any losses due to a PJM member default are shared by all other members based upon a predetermined formula.
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Interest Rate Risk
EME Homer City has mitigated the risk of interest rate fluctuations by obtaining fixed rate financing on its subordinated revolving loan with Edison Mission Finance. EME Homer City does not believe that interest rate fluctuations will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.
Regulatory Matters
For a discussion of EME Homer City's regulatory matters, refer to "Item 1. Business—Regulatory Matters" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. There have been no significant developments with respect to regulatory matters specifically affecting EME Homer City since the filing of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, except as follows:
As previously reported, on December 22, 2006, the FERC issued an order conditionally approving the RPM settlement subject to PJM making certain compliance filings. The compliance filings were made by PJM on January 22, 2007 and February 20, 2007, and accepted by the FERC on June 25, 2007 and July 11, 2007, respectively. On June 1, 2007, PJM implemented marginal losses for transmission for its competitive wholesale electric market. For further discussion regarding the RPM and recent auctions, see "—Commodity Price Risk—Capacity Price Risk." EME Homer City is still evaluating the impact that marginal loss pricing in PJM will have on its results of operations, but continues to believe that it may reduce locational marginal prices for the Homer City facilities relative to the locational marginal prices for the benchmark location of Western Hub.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
For a discussion of market risk sensitive instruments, refer to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Risk Exposures" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. Refer to "Market Risk Exposures" in Item 2 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for an update to that disclosure.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
EME Homer City's management, under the supervision and with the participation of the partnership's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of EME Homer City's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period, EME Homer City's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in EME Homer City's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, EME Homer City's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
No material legal proceedings are presently pending against EME Homer City.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
For a discussion of the risks, uncertainties, and other important factors which could materially affect EME Homer City's business, financial condition, or future results, refer to "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. The risks described in EME Homer City's annual report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing EME Homer City. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not currently known, or that are currently deemed to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect EME Homer City's business, financial condition or future results.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit No.
| | Description
|
---|
31.1 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
31.2 | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
32 | | Statement Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. |
| | By: | Mission Energy Westside Inc., as General Partner |
| | | |
| | By: | /s/ W. James Scilacci W. James Scilacci Director and Vice President |
| | Date: | August 9, 2007 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTSGLOSSARYPART IFinancial StatementsEME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, Unaudited)EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (In thousands, Unaudited)EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, Unaudited)EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS' EQUITY (In thousands, Unaudited)EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands, Unaudited)EME HOMER CITY GENERATION L.P. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS JUNE 30, 2007 (Unaudited)SIGNATURES