UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| ☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
| For the fiscal year ended | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| OR | ||||||||
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
| For the transition period from to | ||||||||
Commission file number 1-7414
Northwest Pipeline LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 26-1157701 | ||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| 295 Chipeta Way | |||||||||||
| Salt Lake City | Utah | 84108 | |||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
801 583-8800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | þ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
None
THE REGISTRANT MEETS THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN GENERAL INSTRUCTION (I)(1)(a) AND (b) OF FORM 10-K AND IS THEREFORE FILING THIS FORM 10-K WITH THE REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT.
NORTHWEST PIPELINE LLC
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
| PART I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Rate Matters | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 1B. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 7. | ||||||||
| Item 7A. | ||||||||
| Item 8. | ||||||||
| Item 9. | ||||||||
| Item 9A. | ||||||||
| Item 9B. | ||||||||
| PART III | ||||||||
| Item 10. | ||||||||
| Item 11. | ||||||||
| Item 12. | ||||||||
| Item 13. | ||||||||
| Item 14. | ||||||||
| PART IV | ||||||||
| Item 15. | ||||||||
| Item 16. | ||||||||
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DEFINITIONS
The following is a listing of certain abbreviations, acronyms, and other industry terminology that may be used throughout this Annual Report.
Measurements:
Dekatherms (Dth): A unit of energy equal to one million British thermal units
Mdth/d: One thousand dekatherms per day
MMdth: One million dekatherms or approximately one trillion British thermal units
MMdth/d: One million dekatherms per day
Government and Regulatory:
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
Exchange Act, the: Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
IRS: Internal Revenue Service
SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
Other:
LNG: Liquefied natural gas; natural gas which has been liquefied at cryogenic temperatures
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PART I
| Item 1. | Business | ||||
In this report, Northwest Pipeline LLC (Northwest) is at times referred to in the first person as “we,” “us,” or “our.”
Northwest is indirectly owned by The Williams Companies, Inc. (Williams), a publicly traded Delaware corporation.
GENERAL
We own and operate a natural gas pipeline system that extends from the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado through the states of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon and Washington to a point on the Canadian border near Sumas, Washington. We provide natural gas transportation services for markets in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, California and Arizona, either directly or indirectly through interconnections with other pipelines. Our principal business is the interstate transportation of natural gas, which is regulated by FERC.
Our system includes approximately 3,900 miles of mainline and lateral transmission pipeline and 42 transmission compressor stations. Our compression facilities have a combined sea level-rated capacity of approximately 473,000 horsepower. At December 31, 2021, we had long-term firm transportation contracts and storage redelivery agreements with aggregate capacity reservations of approximately 3.8 MMdth of natural gas per day.
We own a one-third undivided interest in the Jackson Prairie underground storage facility located near Chehalis, Washington. We have a contract with a third party for natural gas storage services in an underground storage reservoir in the Clay Basin Field located in Daggett County, Utah. We also own and operate a LNG storage facility near Plymouth, Washington. We have approximately 14.2 MMdth of working natural gas storage capacity through these three storage facilities, which is substantially utilized for third-party natural gas. These natural gas storage facilities enable us to balance daily receipts and deliveries and provide storage services to our customers.
We transport and store natural gas for a broad mix of customers, including public utilities, municipalities, direct industrial users, electric power generators, and natural gas marketers and producers. We offer firm and interruptible transportation and storage service. Our firm transportation and storage contracts are generally long-term contracts with various expiration dates and account for the major portion of our business. During 2021, our three largest customers were Puget Sound Energy, Inc., Cascade Natural Gas Corporation, and Northwest Natural Gas Company, which accounted for approximately 29.7 percent, 11.1 percent, and 11.0 percent, respectively, of our total operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021. No other customer accounted for more than 10 percent of our total operating revenues during that period.
Our rates are subject to the rate-making policies of the FERC. We provide a significant portion of our transportation and storage services pursuant to long-term firm contracts that obligate our customers to pay us monthly capacity reservation fees, which are fees that are owed for reserving an agreed upon amount of pipeline or storage capacity regardless of the amount of pipeline or storage capacity actually utilized by a customer. When a customer utilizes the capacity it has reserved under a firm transportation contract, we also collect a volumetric fee based on the quantity of natural gas transported. These volumetric fees are typically a small percentage of the total fees received under a firm contract. We also derive a small portion of our revenues from short-term firm and interruptible contracts under which customers pay fees for transportation, storage and other related services. The high percentage of our revenue derived from capacity reservation fees helps mitigate the risk of revenue fluctuations caused by changing supply and demand conditions.
RATE MATTERS
FERC regulation requires all terms and conditions of service, including the rates charged, to be filed with and accepted by the FERC before any changes can go into effect. We establish our rates primarily through the FERC’s ratemaking process, but we also may negotiate rates with our customers pursuant to the terms of our tariff and FERC policy. Key determinants in the ratemaking process are (1) costs of providing service, including depreciation expense, (2) allowed rate of return, including the equity component of the capital structure and related income taxes, and (3) contract volume and throughput assumptions. The allowed rate of return is determined in each rate case. Rate design and the allocation of costs between the reservation and commodity rates also impact profitability. As a result of these proceedings, certain revenues may be collected subject to refund. We record estimates of rate refund liabilities considering our and third-party regulatory proceedings, advice of counsel, and other risks.
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REGULATION
FERC Regulation
Our interstate transmission and storage activities are subject to regulation by the FERC under the Natural Gas Act of 1938, as amended (NGA), and under the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, as amended, and, as such, our rates and charges for the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce, the extension, enlargement, or abandonment of jurisdictional facilities, and accounting, among other things, are subject to regulation. We hold certificates of public convenience and necessity issued by the FERC authorizing ownership and operation of pipelines, facilities, and properties for which certificates are required under the NGA. FERC Standards of Conduct govern the relationship between natural gas transmission providers and marketing function employees as defined by the rule. The standards of conduct are intended to prevent natural gas transmission providers from preferentially benefiting gas marketing functions by requiring the employees of a transmission provider that perform transmission functions to function independently from gas marketing employees and by restricting the information that transmission providers may provide to gas marketing employees. Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the FERC is authorized to impose civil penalties of up to approximately $1.4 million per day for each violation of its rules.
FERC Updates Certificate Policy Statement and Issues Interim Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Policy Statement
On February 18, 2022, FERC issued two policy statements providing guidance for its pending and future consideration of interstate natural gas pipeline projects. The first policy statement is an Updated Certificate Policy Statement, which FERC will apply in pending and future certificate proceedings. This policy statement provides an analytical framework for how FERC will consider whether a project is in the public convenience and necessity and explains that FERC will consider all impacts of a proposed project, including economic and environmental impacts, together. The second policy statement is an Interim GHG Policy Statement, which sets forth how FERC will assess the impacts of natural gas infrastructure projects on climate change in its reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act and the NGA. FERC also seeks comment on all aspects of the interim policy statement, including the approach to assessing the significance of the proposed project’s contribution to climate change. While the guidance is subject to revision based on the comments received, FERC will begin applying the framework established in this policy statement to pending cases.
Environmental Matters
Our operations are subject to federal environmental laws and regulations as well as the state and local laws and regulations adopted by the jurisdictions in which we operate. We could incur liability to governments or third parties for any unlawful discharge of pollutants into the air, soil, or water, as well as liability for cleanup costs. Materials could be released into the environment in several ways including, but not limited to:
•Leakage from underground gas storage caverns, pipelines, transportation facilities, and storage tanks;
•Damage to facilities resulting from accidents during normal operations;
•Damages to equipment and facilities resulting from storm events or natural disasters; and
•Blowouts, cratering, and explosions.
In addition, we may be liable for environmental damage caused by former owners or operators of our properties.
We believe compliance with current environmental laws and regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or current competitive position. However, environmental laws and regulations could affect our business in various ways from time to time, including incurring capital and maintenance expenditures, fines, and penalties, and creating the need to seek relief from the FERC for rate increases to recover the costs of certain capital expenditures and operation and maintenance expenses.
For additional information regarding the potential impact of federal, state, or local regulatory measures on our business and specific environmental issues, please refer to “Risk Factors – Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations, including laws and regulations relating to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, which may expose us to significant costs, liabilities, and expenditures that could exceed our expectations,” and “Environmental Matters” in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 4 – Contingent Liabilities and Commitments of Notes to Financial Statements.
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Safety and Maintenance
Our operations are subject to the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968, as amended, the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002, the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Jobs Creation Act of 2011 (Pipeline Safety Act), and the Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety (PIPES Act) of 2016 and 2020, which regulate safety requirements in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of interstate natural gas transmission facilities. The United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) administers federal pipeline safety laws.
Federal pipeline safety laws authorize PHMSA to establish minimum safety standards for pipeline facilities and persons engaged in the transportation of gas or hazardous liquids by pipeline. These safety standards apply to the design, construction, testing, operation, and maintenance of gas and hazardous liquids pipeline facilities affecting interstate or foreign commerce. PHMSA has also established reporting requirements for operators of gas and hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, as well as provisions for establishing the qualification of pipeline personnel and requirements for managing the integrity of gas transmission and distribution lines and certain hazardous liquid pipelines. To ensure compliance with these provisions, PHMSA performs pipeline safety inspections and has the authority to initiate enforcement actions.
In October 2019, PHMSA published a final rulemaking imposing new or more stringent requirements for certain natural gas pipelines including, expanding certain of PHMSA’s current regulatory safety programs for natural gas lines in high-population areas (also known as moderate consequence areas (MCAs)) that do not qualify as high consequence areas (HCAs) and requiring maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) validation through re-verification of all historical records for pipelines in service, which may require natural gas pipelines installed before 1970 (previously excluded from certain pressure testing obligations) to be pressure tested. PHMSA split this rule (Mega Rule), into three separate rulemaking proceedings. The first of these three rulemakings, relating to onshore gas transmission pipelines, imposes numerous requirements, including MAOP reconfirmation, material and component verification, the periodic assessment of additional pipeline mileage outside of HCAs, the reporting of exceedances of MAOP, and the consideration of seismicity as a risk factor in integrity management. The second of these three rulemakings, contains new repair requirements for HCAs and non-HCAs, and requires operators to inspect pipelines within 72 hours of extreme weather events or natural disasters. Operators will have to install or enhance leak detection systems, and make modifications to their pipeline systems to accommodate inline inspection tools. The third of these three rulemakings provides PHMSA with the authority to issue emergency orders to address imminent hazards that could impact the industry, such as unsafe conditions or faulty components used on pipe.
In accordance with the final rules, we have developed new procedures and updated our existing pipeline safety program to facilitate meeting all requirements within the time frames stated.
We are also expecting additional regulations due to the PIPES Act of 2020 that became law in December 2020. The PIPES Act of 2020 reauthorizes PHMSA’s pipeline safety program through September 2023. The new legislation includes mandates for PHMSA to publish final rules for advanced leak detection for gas pipelines, additional repair criteria for gas pipelines, and updated operation and maintenance standards requirements applicable to large-scale liquefied natural gas facilities.
New regulations adopted by PHMSA may impose more stringent requirements applicable to integrity management programs and other pipeline safety aspects of our operations, which could cause us to incur increased capital and operating costs and operational delays.
Pipeline Integrity Regulations We have an enterprise-wide Gas Integrity Management Plan that we believe meets the PHMSA final rule that was issued pursuant to the requirements of the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002. The rule requires gas pipeline operators to develop an integrity management program for transmission pipelines that could affect HCAs in the event of pipeline failure. The integrity management program includes a baseline assessment plan along with periodic reassessments to be completed within required time frames. In meeting the integrity regulations, we have identified HCAs and developed baseline assessment plans. Ongoing periodic reassessments and initial assessments of any new HCAs have been completed. We estimate that the cost to be incurred in 2022 associated with this program to be approximately $17 million. Management considers the costs associated with compliance with the rule to be prudent costs incurred in the ordinary course of business and, therefore, recoverable through our rates.
Cybersecurity Matters
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) issued Security Directive Pipeline-2021-01 (Security Directive 1) on May 26, 2021, which required that owners/operators of critical pipelines (1) report cybersecurity incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency (CISA) within 12 hours; (2) appoint a cybersecurity coordinator to coordinate with TSA and CISA; and (3) conduct a self-assessment of cybersecurity practices, identify any gaps, and develop a plan and timeline for remediation. We fully complied with the requirements of Security Directive 1 within the timeframe required. On July 19, 2021, the TSA
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issued Security Directive Pipeline-2021-02 (Security Directive 2), which required owners/operators of critical pipelines to implement additional cybersecurity measures to prevent disruption and degradation to their infrastructure in response to a purported ongoing threat. We have evaluated the impacts of Security Directive 2 and made significant progress towards compliance. We are coordinating with the TSA to establish action plans and timelines to remain in compliance with Security Directive 2. See “Risk Factors – A breach of our information technology infrastructure, including a breach caused by a cybersecurity attack on us or third parties with whom we are interconnected, may interfere with the safe operation of our assets, result in the disclosure of personal or proprietary information, and harm our reputation.”
EMPLOYEES
Northwest has no employees. Operations, management, and certain administrative services are provided by Williams and its affiliates.
TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES
We engage in transactions with Williams and other Williams’ subsidiaries. Please see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Notes to Financial Statements: Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 8 – Transactions with Major Customers and Affiliates.”
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | ||||
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The reports, filings, and other public announcements of Northwest Pipeline LLC, may contain or incorporate by reference statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. Such statements are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). These forward-looking statements relate to anticipated financial performance, management’s plans and objectives for future operations, business prospects, outcome of regulatory proceedings, market conditions, and other matters.
All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report that address activities, events, or developments that we expect, believe, or anticipate will exist or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by various forms of words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “continues,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “might,” “goals,” “objectives,” “targets,” “planned,” “potential,” “projects,” “scheduled,” “will,” “assumes,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “in-service date,” or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management and include, among others, statements regarding:
•Our and our affiliates’ future credit ratings;
•Amounts and nature of future capital expenditures;
•Expansion and growth of our business and operations;
•Expected in-service dates for capital projects;
•Financial condition and liquidity;
•Business strategy;
•Cash flow from operations or results of operations;
•Rate case filings;
•Natural gas prices, supply, and demand;
•Demand for our services; and
•The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions, uncertainties, and risks that could cause future events or results to be materially different from those stated or implied in this report. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. Specific factors that could cause actual results to differ from results contemplated by the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
•The impact of operational and developmental hazards and unforeseen interruptions;
•Development and rate of adoption of alternative energy sources;
•The strength and financial resources of our competitors and the effects of competition;
•Availability of supplies, including lower than anticipated volumes from third parties, and market demand;
•Volatility of pricing including the effect of lower than anticipated energy commodity prices;
•Changes in maintenance and construction costs, as well as our ability to obtain sufficient construction-related inputs, including skilled labor;
•The impact of existing and future laws and regulations, the regulatory environment, environmental matters, and litigation, as well as our ability to obtain necessary permits and approvals, and achieve favorable rate proceeding outcomes;
•Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to our environmental, social, and governance practices;
•The physical and financial risks associated with climate change;
•Our exposure to the credit risk of our customers and counterparties;
•Our ability to successfully expand our facilities and operations;
•Whether we are able to successfully identify, evaluate, and timely execute our capital projects and investment opportunities;
•Risks related to financing, including restrictions stemming from debt agreements, future changes in credit ratings as determined by nationally recognized credit rating agencies, and the availability and cost of capital;
•Inflation, interest rates, and general economic conditions (including future disruptions and volatility in the global credit markets and the impact of these events on customers and suppliers);
•Our costs for defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans sponsored by our affiliates;
•The risks resulting from outbreaks or other public health crises, including COVID-19;
•Changes in the current geopolitical situation;
•Changes in U.S. governmental administration and policies;
•Risks associated with weather and natural phenomena, including climate conditions and physical damage to our facilities;
•Acts of terrorism, cybersecurity incidents, and related disruptions; and
•Additional risks described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Given the uncertainties and risk factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, we caution investors not to unduly rely on our forward-looking statements. We disclaim any
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obligations to and do not intend to update the above list or announce publicly the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments.
In addition to causing our actual results to differ, the factors listed above and referred to below may cause our intentions to change from those statements of intention set forth in this report. Such changes in our intentions may also cause our results to differ. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon changes in such factors, our assumptions, or otherwise.
Because forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, we caution that there are important factors, in addition to those listed above, that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. These factors are described in the following section.
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information in this report. If any of the risks discussed below occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and, in some cases our reputation, could be materially adversely affected. Each of these factors could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities.
Risks Inherent to Our Industry and Business
Our natural gas transportation and storage activities involve numerous risks and hazards that might result in accidents and unforeseen interruptions.
Our operations are subject to all the risks and hazards typically associated with the transportation and storage of natural gas including, but not limited to:
•Aging infrastructure and mechanical problems;
•Damages to pipelines and pipeline blockages or other pipeline interruptions;
•Uncontrolled releases of natural gas;
•Operator error;
•Damage caused by third party activity, such as operation of construction equipment;
•Pollution and other environmental risks; and
•Fires, blowouts, cratering, and explosions.
Any of these risks could result in loss of human life, personal injuries, significant damage to property, environmental pollution, impairment of our operations, loss of services to our customers, reputational damage, and substantial losses to us. The location of certain segments of our pipeline in or near populated areas, including residential areas, commercial business centers, and industrial sites, could increase the level of damages resulting from these risks. An event such as those described above could cause considerable harm and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, particularly if the event is not fully covered by insurance.
Certain of our services are subject to long-term, fixed-price contracts that are not subject to adjustment, even if our cost to perform such services exceeds the revenues received from such contracts.
We provide some services pursuant to long-term, fixed-price contracts. It is possible that costs to perform services under such contracts will exceed the revenues we collect for our services. Although other services are priced at cost-based rates that are subject to adjustment in rate cases, under FERC policy, a regulated service provider and a customer may mutually agree to sign a contract for service at a “negotiated rate” that may be above or below the FERC regulated cost-based rate for that service. These “negotiated rate” contracts are not generally subject to adjustment for increased costs that could be produced by inflation or other factors relating to the specific facilities being used to perform the services.
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We may not be able to extend or replace expiring natural gas transportation and storage contracts at favorable rates, on a long-term basis, or at all.
Our primary exposure to market risk occurs at the time the terms of existing transportation and storage contracts expire or are subject to termination. Upon expiration or termination of our existing contracts, we may not be able to extend such contracts with existing customers or obtain replacement contracts at favorable rates, on a long-term basis or at all. Failure to extend or replace a significant portion of our existing contracts may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Our ability to extend or replace existing customer contracts on favorable terms is subject to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
•The level of existing and new competition to deliver natural gas to our markets and competition from alternative fuel sources such as electricity, coal, fuel oils, or nuclear energy;
•Pricing, demand, availability, and margins for natural gas in our markets;
•Whether the market will continue to support long-term firm contracts;
•The effects of regulation on us, our customers, and our contracting practices; and
•The ability to understand our customers’ expectations, efficiently and reliably deliver high quality services, and effectively manage customer relationships. The results of these efforts will impact our reputation and positioning in the market.
Competitive pressures could lead to decreases in the volume of natural gas contracted for or transported through our pipeline system.
The principal elements of competition among natural gas transportation and storage assets are rates, terms of service, access to natural gas supplies, flexibility, and reliability. Although most of our pipeline system’s current capacity is fully contracted, the FERC has taken certain actions to strengthen market forces in the interstate natural gas pipeline industry that have led to increased competition throughout the industry. Similarly, a highly liquid competitive commodity market in natural gas and increasingly competitive markets for natural gas services, including competitive secondary markets in pipeline capacity, have developed. As a result, pipeline capacity is being used more efficiently, and peaking and storage services are increasingly effective substitutes for annual pipeline capacity. As a result, we could experience some “turnback” of firm capacity as the primary terms of existing agreements expire. If we are unable to remarket this capacity or can remarket it only at substantially discounted rates compared to previous contracts, we or our remaining customers may have to bear the costs associated with the turned back capacity.
We compete primarily with other interstate pipelines and storage facilities in the transportation and storage of natural gas. Some of our competitors may have greater financial resources and access to greater supplies of natural gas than we do. Some of these competitors may expand or construct transportation and storage systems that would create additional competition for natural gas supplies or the services we provide to our customers. Moreover, Williams and its other affiliates may not be limited in their ability to compete with us. In a number of key markets, interstate pipelines are now facing competitive pressure from other major pipeline systems, enabling local distribution companies and end users to choose a transmission provider based on considerations other than location. Other entities could construct new pipelines or expand existing pipelines that could potentially serve the same markets as our pipeline system. Any such new pipelines could offer transportation services that are more desirable to shippers because of locations, facilities, or other factors. These new pipelines could charge rates or provide service to locations that would result in greater net profit for shippers and producers and thereby force us to lower the rates charged for service on our pipeline in order to extend our existing transportation service agreements or to attract new customers. We are aware of proposals by competitors to expand pipeline capacity in certain markets we also serve which, if the proposed projects proceed, could increase the competitive pressure upon us. Further, natural gas also competes with other forms of energy available to our customers, including electricity, coal, fuel oils, and other alternative energy sources. We may not be able to successfully compete against current and future competitors and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Any significant decrease in supplies of natural gas in the supply basins we access or in demand for those supplies in the markets we serve could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our ability to maintain and expand our business depends on the level of drilling and production predominately by third parties in our supply basins. Production from existing wells and natural gas supply basins with access to our pipeline will naturally decline over time. The amount of natural gas reserves underlying these existing wells may also be less than
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anticipated, and the rate at which production from these reserves declines may be greater than anticipated. We do not obtain independent evaluations of natural gas reserves underlying such wells and supply basins with access to our pipeline. Accordingly, we do not have independent estimates of total reserves dedicated to our pipeline or the anticipated life of such reserves. In addition, low prices for natural gas, regulatory limitations, including environmental regulations, or the lack of available capital for these projects could adversely affect the development and production of additional reserves, as well as gathering, storage, pipeline transportation, and import and export of natural gas supplies. Localized low natural gas prices in one or more of our existing supply basins, whether caused by a lack of infrastructure or otherwise, could also result in depressed natural gas production in such basins and limit the supply of natural gas made available to us. The competition for natural gas supplies to serve other markets could also reduce the amount of natural gas supply for our customers.
Demand for our transportation services depends on the ability and willingness of shippers with access to our facilities to satisfy demand in the markets we serve by deliveries through our system. Any decrease in this demand could adversely affect our business. Demand for natural gas is also affected by weather, future industrial and economic conditions, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, governmental regulation including governmentally imposed constraints such as prohibitions on natural gas hookups in newly constructed buildings, and technological advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices, all of which are matters beyond our control.
A failure to obtain sufficient natural gas supplies or a reduction in demand for our services in the markets we serve could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Significant prolonged changes in natural gas prices could affect supply and demand and cause a reduction in or termination of our long-term transportation and storage contracts or throughput on our system.
Higher natural gas prices over the long term could result in a decline in the demand for natural gas and, therefore, in our long-term transportation and storage contracts or throughput on our system. Also, lower natural gas prices over the long term could result in a decline in the production of natural gas, resulting in reduced contracts or throughput on our system. As a result, significant prolonged changes in natural gas prices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our costs of testing, maintaining, or repairing our facilities may exceed our expectations, and the FERC may not allow, or competition in our markets may prevent, our recovery of such costs in the rates we charge for our services.
We have experienced and could experience in the future unexpected leaks or ruptures on our gas pipeline system or storage facilities. Either as a preventative measure or in response to a leak or another issue, we could be required by regulatory authorities to test or undertake modifications to our systems. If the cost of testing, maintaining, or repairing our facilities exceed expectations and the FERC does not allow us to recover, or competition in our markets prevents us from recovering, such costs in the rates that we charge for our services, such costs could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The operation of our businesses might be adversely affected by regulatory proceedings, changes in government regulations or in their interpretation or implementation, or the introduction of new laws or regulations applicable to our businesses or our customers.
Public and regulatory scrutiny of the energy industry has resulted in the proposal and/or implementation of increased regulations. Such scrutiny has also resulted in various inquiries, investigations, and court proceedings, including litigation of energy industry matters. Both the customers on our system and regulators have rights to challenge the rates we charge under certain circumstances. Any successful challenge could materially affect our results of operations.
Certain inquiries, investigations, and court proceedings are ongoing. Adverse effects may continue as a result of the uncertainty of these ongoing inquiries, investigations, and court proceedings, or additional inquiries and proceedings by federal or state regulatory agencies or private plaintiffs. In addition, we cannot predict the outcome of any of these inquiries or whether these inquiries will lead to additional legal proceedings against us, civil or criminal fines and/or penalties, or other regulatory action, including legislation, which might be materially adverse to the operation of our business and our revenues and net income or increase our operating costs in other ways. Current legal proceedings or other matters, including environmental matters, suits, regulatory appeals, and similar matters, might result in adverse decisions against us which, among other outcomes, could result in the imposition of substantial penalties and fines and could damage our reputation. The result of such adverse decisions, either individually or in the aggregate, could be material and may not be covered fully or at all by insurance.
In addition, existing regulations, including those pertaining to financial assurances to be provided by our businesses in respect of potential asset decommissioning and abandonment activities, might be revised, reinterpreted, or otherwise enforced in a manner that differs from prior regulatory action. New laws and regulations might also be adopted or become applicable to
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us, our customers, or our business activities. The change in the U.S. governmental administration and its policies may increase the likelihood of such legal and regulatory developments. If new laws or regulations are imposed relating to oil and gas extraction, or if additional or revised levels of reporting, regulation, or permitting moratoria are required or imposed, including those related to hydraulic fracturing, the volumes of natural gas that we transport could decline, our compliance costs could increase, and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to our environmental, social and governance practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to new or additional risks.
Companies across all industries are facing increasing scrutiny from stakeholders related to their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. Investor advocacy groups, institutional investors, investment funds, and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. Regardless of the industry, investors’ increased focus and activism related to ESG and similar matters may hinder access to capital, as investors may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of a company’s ESG practices. Companies that do not adapt to or comply with investor or other stakeholder expectations and standards, which are evolving, or that are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, may suffer from reputational damage and the business, financial condition, and/or stock price of such a company could be materially and adversely affected.
We face pressures from our stakeholders, who are increasingly focused on climate change, to prioritize sustainable energy practices, reduce our carbon footprint and promote sustainability. Our stakeholders may require us to implement ESG procedures or standards in order to continue engaging with us, to remain invested in us, or before they will make further investments in us. Additionally, we may face reputational challenges in the event our ESG procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by certain constituencies. We have adopted certain practices as highlighted in Williams’ 2020 Sustainability Report, including with respect to air emissions, biodiversity and land use, climate change, and environmental stewardship. It is possible, however, that our stakeholders might not be satisfied with our sustainability efforts or the speed of their adoption. If we do not meet our stakeholders’ expectations, our business and/or our ability to access capital could be harmed.
Additionally, adverse effects upon the oil and gas industry related to the worldwide social and political environment, including uncertainty or instability resulting from climate change, changes in political leadership and environmental policies, changes in geopolitical-social views toward fossil fuels and renewable energy, concern about the environmental impact of climate change, and investors’ expectations regarding ESG matters, may also adversely affect demand for our services. Any long-term material adverse effect on the oil and gas industry could have a significant financial and operational adverse impact on our business.
The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We may be subject to physical and financial risks associated with climate change.
The threat of global climate change may create physical and financial risks to our business. Energy needs vary with weather conditions. To the extent weather conditions may be affected by climate change, energy use could increase or decrease depending on the duration and magnitude of any changes. Increased energy use due to weather changes may require us to invest in more pipelines and other infrastructure to serve increased demand. A decrease in energy use due to weather changes may affect our financial condition through decreased revenues. Extreme weather conditions in general require more system backup, adding to costs, and can contribute to increased system stresses, including service interruptions. Weather conditions outside of our operating territory could also have an impact on our revenues. To the extent the frequency of extreme weather events increases, this could increase our cost of providing service. We may not be able to pass on the higher costs to our customers or recover all costs related to mitigating these physical risks.
Additionally, many climate models indicate that global warming is likely to result in rising sea levels and increased frequency and severity of weather events, which may lead to higher insurance costs, or a decrease in available coverage, for our assets in areas subject to severe weather. These climate-related changes could damage our physical assets, especially operations located in low-lying areas near river banks, and facilities situated in rain-susceptible regions.
To the extent financial markets view climate change and GHG emissions as a financial risk, this could negatively impact our cost of and access to capital. Climate change and GHG regulation could also reduce demand for our services. Our business could also be affected by the potential for lawsuits against GHG emitters, based on links drawn between GHG emissions and climate change.
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Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations, including laws and regulations relating to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, which may expose us to significant costs, liabilities, and expenditures that could exceed our expectations.
Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection, endangered and threatened species, the discharge of materials into the environment, and the security of chemical and industrial facilities. Substantial costs, liabilities, delays, and other significant issues related to environmental laws and regulations are inherent in the gathering, transportation, and storage of natural gas as well as waste disposal practices and construction activities. New or amended environmental laws and regulations can also result in significant increases in capital costs we incur to comply with such laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations, and permits may result in the assessment of administrative, civil, and/or criminal penalties, the imposition of remedial obligations, the imposition of stricter conditions on or revocation of permits, the issuance of injunctions limiting or preventing some or all of our operations, and delays or denials in granting permits.
Joint and several strict liability may be incurred without regard to fault under certain environmental laws and regulations for the remediation of contaminated areas and in connection with spills or releases of materials associated with natural gas, oil, and wastes on, under, or from our properties and facilities. Private parties, including the owners of properties through which our pipeline system passes and facilities where our wastes are taken for reclamation or disposal, may have the right to pursue legal actions to enforce compliance as well as to seek damages for noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations or for personal injury or property damage arising from our operations. Some sites at which we operate are located near current or former third-party hydrocarbon storage and processing or oil and natural gas operations or facilities, and there is a risk that contamination has migrated from those sites to ours.
We are generally responsible for all liabilities associated with the environmental condition of our facilities and assets, whether acquired or developed, regardless of when the liabilities arose and whether they are known or unknown. In connection with certain acquisitions and divestitures, we could acquire, or be required to provide indemnification against, environmental liabilities that could expose us to material losses, which may not be covered by insurance. In addition, the steps we could be required to take to bring certain facilities into compliance could be prohibitively expensive, and we might be required to shut down, divest, or alter the operation of those facilities, which might cause us to incur losses.
In addition, climate change regulations and the costs that may be associated with such regulations and with the regulation of emissions of GHGs have the potential to affect our business. Regulatory actions by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the passage of new climate change laws or regulations could result in increased costs to operate and maintain our facilities, install new emissions controls on our facilities, or administer and manage any GHG emissions program. We believe it is possible that future governmental legislation and/or regulation may require us either to limit GHG emissions associated with our operations or to purchase allowances for such emissions. However, we cannot predict precisely what form these future regulations might take, the stringency of any such regulations or when they might become effective. Several legislative bills have been introduced in the United States Congress that would require carbon dioxide emission reductions. Previously considered proposals have included, among other things, limitations on the amount of GHGs that can be emitted (so called “caps”) together with systems of permitted emissions allowances. These proposals could require us to reduce emissions or to purchase allowances for such emissions.
In addition to activities on the federal level, state and regional initiatives could also lead to the regulation of GHG emissions sooner than and/or independent of federal regulation. These regulations could be more stringent than any federal legislation that may be adopted. Future legislation and/or regulation designed to reduce GHG emissions could make some of our activities uneconomic to maintain or operate. We continue to monitor legislative and regulatory developments in this area and otherwise take efforts to limit and reduce GHG emissions from our facilities. Although the regulation of GHG emissions may have a material impact on our operations and rates, we believe it is premature to attempt to quantify the potential costs of the impacts.
If we are unable to recover or pass through a significant level of our costs related to complying with climate change regulatory requirements imposed on us, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We depend on certain key customers for a significant portion of our revenues. The loss of any of these key customers or the loss of any contracted volumes could result in a decline in our business.
We rely on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues. Although some of these customers are subject to long-term contracts, we may be unable to negotiate extensions or replacements of these contracts on favorable terms, or at all. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our largest customer was Puget Sound Energy, Inc., which accounted for approximately 29.7 percent of our operating revenues. The loss of all, or even a portion of, the revenues from contracted
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volumes supplied by our key customers, as a result of competition, creditworthiness, inability to negotiate extensions or replacements of contracts, or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We are exposed to the credit risk of our customers and counterparties and our credit risk management will not be able to completely eliminate such risk.
We are subject to the risk of loss resulting from nonpayment and/or nonperformance by our customers and counterparties in the ordinary course of our business. Generally, our customers are rated investment grade, are otherwise considered creditworthy, are required to make pre-payments or provide security to satisfy credit concerns, or are dependent upon us, in some cases without a readily available alternative, to provide necessary services. However, our credit procedures and policies cannot completely eliminate customer credit risk. Our customers and counterparties include industrial customers, local distribution companies, natural gas producers, and marketers whose creditworthiness may be suddenly and disparately impacted by, among other factors, commodity price volatility, deteriorating energy market conditions, and public and regulatory opposition to energy producing activities. In a low commodity price environment certain of our customers have been or could be negatively impacted, causing them significant economic stress resulting, in some cases, in a customer bankruptcy filing or an effort to renegotiate our contracts. To the extent one or more of our key customers commences bankruptcy proceedings, our contracts with such customers may be subject to rejection under applicable provisions of the United States Bankruptcy Code, or, if we so agree, may be renegotiated. Further, during any such bankruptcy proceeding, prior to assumption, rejection, or renegotiation of such contracts, the bankruptcy court may temporarily authorize the payment of value for our services less than contractually required, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. If we fail to adequately assess the creditworthiness of existing or future customers and counterparties, or otherwise do not take sufficient mitigating actions, including obtaining sufficient collateral, deterioration in their creditworthiness, and any resulting increase in nonpayment and/or nonperformance by them could cause us to write down or write off accounts receivable. Such write-downs or write-offs could negatively affect our operating results for the period in which they occur, and, if significant, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
If third-party pipelines and other facilities interconnected to our pipeline and facilities become unavailable to transport natural gas, our revenues could be adversely affected.
We depend upon third-party pipelines and other facilities that provide delivery options to and from our pipeline and storage facilities for the benefit of our customers. Because we do not own these third-party pipelines or facilities, their continuing operation is not within our control. If these pipelines or other facilities were to become temporarily or permanently unavailable for any reason, or if throughput were reduced because of testing, line repair, damage to pipelines or facilities, reduced operating pressures, lack of capacity, increased credit requirements or rates charged by such pipelines or facilities, or other causes, we and our customers would have reduced capacity to transport, store or deliver natural gas to end use markets, thereby reducing our revenues. Any temporary or permanent interruption at any key pipeline interconnection causing a material reduction in volumes transported on our pipeline or stored at our facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We do not own all of the land on which our pipeline and facilities are located, which could disrupt our operations.
We do not own all of the land on which our pipeline and facilities have been constructed. As such, we are subject to the possibility of increased costs to retain necessary land use. In those instances in which we do not own the land on which our facilities are located, we obtain the rights to construct and operate our facilities on land owned by third parties and governmental agencies for a specific period of time. Our loss of any of these rights, through our inability to renew right-of-way contracts or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We face opposition to operation and expansion of our pipelines and facilities from various individuals and groups.
We have experienced, and we anticipate that we will continue to face, opposition to the operation and expansion of our pipelines and facilities from governmental officials, environmental groups, landowners, tribal groups, local groups, and other advocates. In some instances, we encounter opposition that disfavors hydrocarbon-based energy supplies regardless of practical implementation or financial considerations. Opposition to our operation and expansion can take many forms, including the delay or denial of required governmental permits, organized protests, attempts to block or sabotage our operations, intervention in regulatory or administrative proceedings involving our assets, or lawsuits or other actions designed to prevent, disrupt, or delay the operation or expansion of our assets and business. In addition, acts of sabotage or eco-terrorism could cause significant damage or injury to people, property, or the environment or lead to extended interruptions of our operations. Any such event that delays or prevents the expansion of our business, that interrupts the revenues generated by our operations, or
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which causes us to make significant expenditures not covered by insurance, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to grow or effectively manage our growth.
As part of our growth strategy, we engage in significant capital projects. We have a project lifecycle process and an investment evaluation process. These are processes we use to identify, evaluate, and execute on acquisition opportunities and capital projects. We may not always have sufficient and accurate information to identify and value potential opportunities and risks or our investment evaluation process may be incomplete or flawed. Our growth may also be dependent upon the construction of new natural gas gathering, transportation, compression, processing, or treating pipelines and facilities, as well as the expansion of existing facilities. Additional risks associated with construction may include the inability to obtain rights-of-way, skilled labor, equipment, materials, permits, and other required inputs in a timely manner such that projects are completed on time and the risk that construction cost overruns could cause total project costs to exceed budgeted costs. Additional risks associated with growing our business include, among others, that:
•Changing circumstances and deviations in variables could negatively impact our investment analysis, including our projections of revenues, earnings, and cash flow relating to potential investment targets, resulting in outcomes that are materially different than anticipated;
•We could be required to contribute additional capital to support acquired businesses or assets and we may assume liabilities that were not disclosed to us that exceed our estimates and for which contractual protections are either unavailable or prove inadequate;
•Acquisitions could disrupt our ongoing business, distract management, divert financial and operational resources from existing operations, and make it difficult to maintain our current business standards, controls, and procedures; and
•Acquisitions and capital projects may require substantial new capital, including the issuance of debt or equity, and we may not be able to access credit or capital markets or obtain acceptable terms.
If realized, any of these risks could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, including the possible impairment of our assets, or cash flows.
Chemical substances in the natural gas our pipeline systems transport could cause damage or affect the ability of our pipeline systems or third-party equipment to function properly, which may result in increased preventative and corrective action costs and may impact our relationships with our customers.
We have identified the presence of a chemical substance, dithiazine, in facilities located on our system. The facilities in which dithiazine has been detected on our system are located downstream of the interconnecting and unaffiliated pipeline of Gas Transmission Northwest (GTN), which has reported the presence of dithiazine in its system. Therefore, we believe that the dithiazine found in our system is attributable to gas received from GTN.
Dithiazine may result in improper functioning of equipment if not cleaned properly. We may incur costs and experience operational delays in connection with cleaning dithiazine from our systems. Some of our customers downstream of our facilities have also detected dithiazine in their facilities and any impacts on affected customers may impact our relationships with those customers.
Risks Related to Strategy and Financing
A downgrade of our credit ratings, which are determined outside of our control by independent third parties, could impact our liquidity, access to capital, and our costs of doing business.
Downgrades of our credit ratings increase our cost of borrowing and could require us to provide collateral to our counterparties, negatively impacting our available liquidity. In addition, our ability to access capital markets could be limited by a downgrade of our credit ratings.
Credit rating agencies perform independent analysis when assigning credit ratings. The analysis includes a number of criteria such as business composition, market and operational risks, as well as various financial tests. Credit rating agencies continue to review the criteria for industry sectors and various debt ratings and may make changes to those criteria from time to time. Credit ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the credit ratings agencies.
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Our ability to obtain credit in the future could be affected by Williams’ credit ratings.
Substantially all of Williams’ operations are conducted through its subsidiaries. Williams’ cash flows are substantially derived from loans, dividends, and distributions paid to it by its subsidiaries. Due to our relationship with Williams, our ability to obtain credit will be affected by Williams’ credit ratings. If Williams were to experience a deterioration in its credit standing or financial condition, our access to capital and our ratings could be adversely affected. Any downgrading of a Williams credit rating could result in a downgrading of our credit rating. A downgrading of a Williams credit rating could limit our ability to obtain financing in the future upon favorable terms, if at all.
Restrictions in our debt agreements and the amount of our indebtedness may affect our future financial and operating flexibility.
Our total outstanding long-term debt (including current portion) as of December 31, 2021 was $579.0 million.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain covenants that restrict our ability to incur certain liens to support indebtedness and our ability to merge or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, certain of our debt agreements contain various covenants that restrict or limit, among other things, our ability to make certain distributions during the continuation of an event of default, and to enter into certain affiliate transactions and certain restrictive agreements and to change the nature of our business. Certain of our debt agreements also contain, and those we enter into in the future may contain, financial covenants and other limitations with which we will need to comply. Williams’ debt agreements contain similar covenants with respect to Williams and its subsidiaries, including us.
Our debt service obligations and the covenants described above could have important consequences. For example, they could, among other things:
•Make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, which could in turn result in an event of default on such indebtedness;
•Impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, general limited liability company purposes, or other purposes;
•Diminish our ability to withstand a continued or future downturn in our business or the economy generally;
•Require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to debt service payments, thereby reducing the availability of cash for working capital, capital expenditures, general limited liability company purposes, or other purposes; and
•Limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate, including by limiting our ability to expand or pursue our business activities and by preventing us from engaging in certain transactions that might otherwise be considered beneficial to us.
Our ability to comply with our debt covenants, to repay, extend, or refinance our existing debt obligations and to obtain future credit will depend primarily on our operating performance. Our ability to refinance existing debt obligations or obtain future credit will also depend upon the current conditions in the credit markets and the availability of credit generally. If we are unable to comply with these covenants, meet our debt service obligations, or obtain future credit on favorable terms, or at all, we could be forced to restructure or refinance our indebtedness, seek additional equity capital, or sell assets. We may be unable to obtain financing or sell assets on satisfactory terms, or at all.
Our failure to comply with the covenants in the documents governing our indebtedness could result in events of default, which could render such indebtedness due and payable. We may not have sufficient liquidity to repay our indebtedness in such circumstances. In addition, cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions in our debt agreements could cause a default or acceleration to have a wider impact on our liquidity than might otherwise arise from a default or acceleration of a single debt instrument. For more information regarding our debt agreements, please read Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Capital Resources and Liquidity and Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 5 – Debt and Financing Arrangements of Notes to Financial Statements.
Difficult conditions in the global financial markets and the economy in general could negatively affect our business and results of operations.
Our business may be negatively impacted by adverse economic conditions or future disruptions in the global financial markets. Included among these potential negative impacts are industrial or economic contraction (including as a result of the
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COVID-19 pandemic) leading to reduced energy demand and lower prices for our products and services and increased difficulty in collecting amounts owed to us by our customers. We, along with Williams and Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC, are party to a credit agreement with aggregate commitments available of $3.75 billion, with up to an additional $500 million increase in aggregate commitments available under certain circumstances. We and Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC are each subject to a $500 million borrowing sublimit. As of December 31, 2021, we had a borrowing capacity of $500 million under such credit facility, but our ability to borrow under that facility could be impaired if one or more of our lenders fails to honor its contractual obligation to lend to us. If financing is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to implement our business plans or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. In addition, financial markets have periodically been affected by concerns over U.S. fiscal and monetary policies. These concerns, as well as actions taken by the U.S. federal government in response to these concerns, could significantly and adversely impact the global and U.S. economies and financial markets, which could negatively impact us in the manner described above.
Williams can exercise substantial control over our distribution policy and our business and operations and may do so in a manner that is adverse to our interests.
Because we are an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Williams, Williams exercises substantial control over our business and operations and makes determinations with respect to, among other things, the following:
•Payment of distributions and repayment of advances;
•Decisions on financings and our capital raising activities;
•Mergers or other business combinations; and
•Acquisition or disposition of assets.
Williams could decide to increase distributions or advances to our member consistent with existing debt covenants. This could adversely affect our liquidity.
Risks Related to Regulations That Affect Our Industry
Our natural gas transportation and storage operations are subject to regulation by the FERC, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to establish transportation and storage rates that would allow us to recover the full cost of operating our pipeline and storage assets, including a reasonable rate of return.
In addition to regulation by other federal, state, and local regulatory authorities, under the NGA, our interstate pipeline transportation and storage services and related assets are subject to regulation by the FERC. Federal regulation extends to such matters as:
•Transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce;
•Rates, operating terms, types of services and conditions of service;
•Certification and construction of new interstate pipeline and storage facilities;
•Acquisition, extension, disposition, or abandonment of existing interstate pipeline and storage facilities;
•Accounts and records;
•Depreciation and amortization policies;
•Relationships with affiliated companies that are involved in marketing functions of the natural gas business; and
•Market manipulation in connection with interstate sales, purchases, or transportation of natural gas.
Regulatory or administrative actions in these areas, including successful complaints or protests against our rates, can affect our business in many ways, including by decreasing existing tariff rates or setting future tariff rates to levels such that revenues are inadequate to recover increases in operating costs or to sustain an adequate return on capital investments, decreasing volumes in our pipelines, increasing our costs, and otherwise altering the profitability of our business.
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Risks Related to Employees and Outsourcing of Support Activities
Failure of our service providers or disruptions to outsourcing relationships might negatively impact our ability to conduct our business.
We rely on Williams and other third parties for certain services necessary for us to be able to conduct our business. We have a limited ability to control these operations and the associated costs. Certain of Williams’ accounting and information technology functions that we rely on are currently provided by third-party vendors, and sometimes from service centers outside of the United States. Services provided pursuant to these arrangements could be disrupted. Similarly, the expiration of agreements associated with such arrangements or the transition of services between providers could lead to loss of institutional knowledge or service disruptions. Our reliance on Williams and others as service providers and on Williams’ outsourcing relationships, and our limited ability to control certain costs, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our allocation from Williams for costs for its defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans are affected by factors beyond our and Williams’ control.
As we have no employees, employees of Williams and its affiliates provide services to us. As a result, we are allocated a portion of Williams’ costs for defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans. The timing and amount of our allocations under the defined benefit pension plans depend upon a number of factors that Williams controls, including changes to pension plan benefits, as well as factors outside of Williams’ control, such as asset returns, interest rates, and changes in pension laws. Changes to these and other factors that can significantly increase our allocations could have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Weather, Other Natural Phenomena and Business Disruption
Our assets and operations, as well as our customers’ assets and operations, can be affected by weather and other natural phenomena.
Our assets and operations and our customers’ assets and operations can be adversely affected by hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, landslides, tornadoes, and other natural phenomena and weather conditions, including extreme or unseasonable temperatures, making it more difficult for us to realize the historic rates of return associated with our assets and operations. A significant disruption in our or our customers’ operations or the occurrence of a significant liability for which we were not fully insured could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our business could be negatively impacted by acts of terrorism and related disruptions.
Given the volatile nature of the commodities we transport and store, our assets and the assets of our customers and others in our industry may be targets of terrorist activities. A terrorist attack could create significant price volatility, disrupt our business, limit our access to capital markets, or cause significant harm to our operations, such as full or partial disruption to our ability to transport natural gas. Acts of terrorism, as well as events occurring in response to or in connection with acts of terrorism, could cause environmental repercussions that could result in a significant decrease in revenues or significant reconstruction or remediation costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
A breach of our information technology infrastructure, including a breach caused by a cybersecurity attack on us or third parties with whom we are interconnected, may interfere with the safe operation of our assets, result in the disclosure of personal or proprietary information, and harm our reputation.
We rely on our information technology infrastructure to process, transmit, and store electronic information, including information we use to safely operate our assets. In addition to the oversight of our business provided by our Management Committee, the Williams’ Board of Directors has oversight responsibility with regard to enterprise-wide assessment of the major risks inherent in its businesses, including cybersecurity risks. Accordingly, the Williams’ Board of Directors reviews management’s efforts to address and mitigate such risks, including the establishment and implementation of policies to address cybersecurity threats. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant time, manpower, and capital in our information technology infrastructure. However, the age, operating systems, or condition of our current information technology infrastructure and software assets and our ability to maintain and upgrade such assets could affect our ability to resist cybersecurity threats. While we believe that we maintain appropriate information security policies, practices, and protocols, we regularly face cybersecurity and other security threats to our information technology infrastructure, which could include threats to our operational industrial control systems and safety systems that operate our pipelines, plants, and assets. We face unlawful attempts to gain access to our information technology infrastructure, including coordinated attacks from hackers, whether state-
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sponsored groups, “hacktivists”, or private individuals. We face the threat of theft and misuse of sensitive data and information, including customer and employee information. We also face attempts to gain access to information related to our assets through attempts to obtain unauthorized access by targeting acts of deception against individuals with legitimate access to physical locations or information. We also are subject to cybersecurity risks arising from the fact that our business operations are interconnected with third parties, including third-party pipelines, other facilities, and our contractors and vendors. In addition, the breach of certain business systems could affect our ability to correctly record, process, and report financial information. Breaches in our information technology infrastructure or physical facilities, or other disruptions, including those arising from theft, vandalism, fraud, or unethical conduct, could result in damage to or destruction of our assets, unnecessary waste, safety incidents, damage to the environment, reputational damage, potential liability, the loss of contracts, the imposition of significant costs associated with remediation and litigation, heightened regulatory scrutiny, increased insurance costs, and have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
General Risk Factors
We face risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other health epidemics.
The global outbreak of the coronavirus, including its variants (COVID-19) is currently impacting countries, communities, supply chains, and markets. We provide a critical service to our customers, which means that it is paramount that we keep our employees safe. We cannot predict whether, and the extent to which, COVID-19 will have a material impact on our business, including our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. COVID-19 poses a risk to our employees, our customers, our suppliers, and the communities in which we operate, which could negatively impact our business. To the extent that our access to the capital markets is adversely affected by COVID-19, we may need to consider alternative sources of funding for our operations and for working capital, any of which could increase our cost of capital. Measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders, and shutdowns, may cause us to experience operational delays or to delay plans for growth. The extent to which COVID-19 may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain it or treat its impact, among others. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other factors described in this report.
We do not insure against all potential risks and losses and could be seriously harmed by unexpected liabilities or by the inability of our insurers to satisfy our claims.
In accordance with customary industry practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, risks and losses, and only at levels we believe to be appropriate. The occurrence of any risks not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, and our ability to repay our debt.
A failure to attract and retain an appropriately qualified workforce could negatively impact our results of operations.
Events such as an aging workforce without appropriate replacements, mismatch of skill sets to future needs, or unavailability of contract labor may lead to operating challenges such as lack of resources, loss of knowledge, and a lengthy time period associated with skill development, including with the workforce needs associated with projects and ongoing operations. Williams’ failure to hire and adequately obtain replacement employees, including the ability to transfer significant internal historical knowledge and expertise to the new employees, or the future availability and cost of contract labor, may adversely affect our ability to manage and operate the businesses. If Williams is unable to successfully attract and retain an appropriately qualified workforce, results of operations could be negatively impacted.
| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | ||||
None.
| Item 2. | Properties | ||||
Our gas pipeline facilities are generally owned in fee simple. However, a substantial portion of such facilities is constructed and maintained on and across properties owned by others pursuant to rights-of-way, easements, permits, licenses or consents. Our compressor stations, with associated facilities, are located in whole or in part upon lands owned by us and upon sites held under leases or permits issued or approved by public authorities. Land owned by others, but used by us under rights-of-way, easements, permits, leases, licenses, or consents, includes land owned by private parties, federal, state, and local governments, quasi-governmental agencies, or Native American tribes. The Plymouth LNG facility is located on lands owned in fee simple by us. Various credit arrangements restrict the sale or disposal of a major portion of our pipeline system. We lease our company offices in Salt Lake City, Utah.
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| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | ||||
While it is not possible for us to predict the final outcome of any pending legal proceedings involving governmental authorities under federal, state, and local laws regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, we do not anticipate a material effect on our financial position if we were to receive an unfavorable outcome in any one or more of such proceedings. Our threshold for disclosing material environmental legal proceedings involving a governmental authority where potential monetary sanctions are involved is $1 million.
The information called for by this item is provided in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Financial Statements: Note 4 – Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.”
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | ||||
Not applicable.
19
PART II
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | ||||
At December 31, 2021, we were indirectly owned by Williams.
We paid $166.5 million and $164.0 million in cash distributions to our parent during 2021 and 2020, respectively. During January 2022, we declared and paid cash distributions of $42.0 million to our parent.
| Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||||
General
The following discussion of critical accounting estimates, results of operations, and capital resources and liquidity should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included within Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that the nature of these estimates and assumptions is material due to the subjectivity and judgment necessary, or the susceptibility of such matters to change, and the impact of these on our financial condition or results of operations.
Regulatory Accounting
We are regulated by the FERC. Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations,” (Topic 980) provides that certain costs that would otherwise be charged to expense should be deferred as regulatory assets, based on the expected recovery from customers in future rates. Likewise, certain actual or anticipated credits that would otherwise reduce expense should be deferred as regulatory liabilities, based on the expected return to customers in future rates. Management's expected recovery of deferred costs and return of deferred credits generally results from specific decisions by regulators granting such ratemaking treatment. We record certain incurred costs and obligations as regulatory assets or liabilities if, based on regulatory orders or other available evidence, it is probable that the costs or obligations will be included in amounts allowable for recovery or refunded in future rates. Accounting for businesses that are regulated and apply the provisions of Topic 980 can differ from the accounting requirements for non-regulated businesses. Transactions that are recorded differently as a result of regulatory accounting requirements include the capitalization of an equity return component on regulated capital projects, capitalization of other project costs, retirements of general plant assets, employee related benefits, environmental costs, negative salvage, asset retirement obligations and other costs and taxes included in, or expected to be included in, future rates. As a rate-regulated entity, our management has determined that it is appropriate to apply the accounting prescribed by Topic 980 and, accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include the effects of the types of transactions described above that result from regulatory accounting requirements. Management’s assessment of the probability of recovery or pass through of regulatory assets and liabilities requires judgment and interpretation of laws and regulatory commission orders. If, for any reason, we cease to meet the criteria for application of regulatory accounting treatment for all or part of our operations, the regulatory assets and liabilities related to those portions ceasing to meet such criteria would be eliminated from the Balance Sheet and included in the Statement of Net Income for the period in which the discontinuance of regulatory accounting treatment occurs, unless otherwise required to be recorded under other provisions of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The aggregate amount of regulatory assets reflected in the Balance Sheet is $19.7 million at December 31, 2021. The aggregate amount of regulatory liabilities reflected in the Balance Sheet is $388.5 million at December 31, 2021. A summary of regulatory assets and liabilities is included in Note 10 – Regulatory Assets and Liabilities of Notes to Financial Statements.
Results of Operations
This analysis discusses financial results of our operations for the years 2021 and 2020. Variances due to changes in natural gas prices and transportation volumes have little impact on revenues, because under our rate design methodology, the majority of overall cost of service is recovered through firm capacity reservation charges in our transportation rates.
Operating Revenues decreased $5.9 million, or approximately 1 percent, in 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to:
20
Natural gas transportation decreased $7.1 million in 2021 compared to 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to:
•$15.6 million lower firm transportation revenue primarily resulting from the termination of two base agreements in the third quarter of 2020,
•Partially offset by an increase of $3.7 million from three new contracts executed in the third quarter of 2020,
•$2.4 million in short-term firm transportation demand as a result of colder weather in February 2021, and
•$1.6 million from projects placed in service in November 2020.
Natural gas storage increased $0.3 million in 2021 compared to 2020. The increase was primarily a result of customers injecting more gas into storage.
Transportation services accounted for 97 percent and gas storage services accounted for 3 percent of our operating revenues for both periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Operating Expenses increased $9.6 million, or 4 percent, in 2021 compared to 2020 primarily due to:
•$7.0 million increase in direct and allocated employee labor and benefits costs as a result of the absence of the favorable impact in 2020 of lower costs associated with the changes instituted in benefit plans, partially offset by the impact of severance and relocation costs also in 2020 and higher charges in 2021 associated with an expected higher performance under the Williams incentive compensation plan, and $0.5 million higher routine operating and maintenance costs in 2021.
•$1.2 million higher depreciation related to the additions of property, plant and equipment; and
•$0.5 million higher use taxes due to increased gas volumes used at compressor stations.
The decrease in our net income is primarily due to the factors noted above.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Method of Financing
We fund our capital requirements with cash flows from operating activities, equity contributions from Williams, collection of advances made to Williams, accessing capital markets, and, if required, borrowings under the credit facility described below, and advances from Williams.
We may raise capital through private debt offerings, as well as offerings registered pursuant to offering-specific registration statements. Interest rates, market conditions, and industry conditions will affect future amounts raised, if any, in the capital markets. We anticipate that we will be able to access public and private debt markets on terms commensurate with our credit ratings to finance our capital requirements, when needed.
We, along with Williams and Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC (Transco), are co-borrowers under a $3.75 billion unsecured credit facility. Total letter of credit capacity available to Williams under the credit facility is $500 million. We may borrow up to $500 million under the credit facility to the extent not otherwise utilized by Williams and Transco. See Note 5 – Debt and Financing Arrangements of Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of the credit facility.
We are a participant in Williams’ cash management program, and we make advances to and receive advances from Williams. At December 31, 2021, our advances to Williams totaled approximately $281.4 million. These advances are represented by demand notes.
Please see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Financial Statements: Note 5 – Debt and Financing Arrangements – Credit Facility and Note 8 – Transactions with Major Customers and Affiliates – Related Party Transactions.”
21
Capital Expenditures
We categorize our capital expenditures as either maintenance capital expenditures or expansion capital expenditures. Maintenance capital expenditures are those expenditures required to maintain the existing operating capacity and service capability of our assets, including replacement of system components and equipment that are worn, obsolete, completing their useful life, or necessary to remain in compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Expansion capital expenditures improve the service capability of the existing assets, extend useful lives, increase transmission or storage capacities from existing levels, reduce costs, or enhance revenues. We anticipate 2022 capital expenditures will be approximately $3 million for expansion projects and $96 million for maintenance projects. In 2022, we expect to fund our capital expenditures with cash from operations.
Recent Developments
COVID-19
The outbreak of COVID-19 has severely impacted global economic activity and caused significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and have taken steps intended to protect the safety of our customers, employees, and communities, and to support the continued delivery of safe and reliable service to our customers and the communities we serve. Our financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity have not been materially impacted by direct effects of COVID-19.
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | ||||
Interest Rate Risk
Our interest rate risk exposure is limited to our long-term debt. All of our interest on long-term debt is fixed in nature as shown on the following table (in thousands of dollars):
| December 31, 2021 | |||||
| Fixed rates on long-term debt: | |||||
| 7.125% unsecured debentures due 2025 | $ | 85,000 | |||
| 4.0% unsecured debentures due 2027 | 500,000 | ||||
| 585,000 | |||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs | (3,059) | ||||
| Unamortized debt discount | (2,911) | ||||
| Total long-term debt, including current portion | $ | 579,030 | |||
Our total long-term debt at December 31, 2021 had a carrying value of $579.0 million and a fair market value of $646.2 million. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted-average interest rate on our long-term debt was 4.45 percent.
22
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | ||||
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | |||||
23
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Management Committee and Member of Northwest Pipeline LLC
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Northwest Pipeline LLC (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related statements of net income, changes in member’s equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
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Description of the Matter | Regulatory Assets and Liabilities As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company is an interstate natural gas transmission company that is regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) and applies accounting principles in Topic 980 for regulated operations. As such, certain incurred costs that would otherwise be charged to expense are deferred as regulatory assets, based on the expected recovery from customers in future rates. Likewise, certain actual or anticipated credits that would otherwise reduce expense are deferred as regulatory liabilities, based on the expected return to customers in future rates. The Company records items as regulatory assets or liabilities if, based on regulatory orders or other available evidence, it is probable that the costs or obligations will be included in amounts allowable for recovery or refund in future rates. Auditing regulatory assets and liabilities is complex as it requires specialized knowledge of rate-regulated activities and judgments as to matters that could affect the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. | ||||||||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls over the Company’s accounting for regulatory assets and liabilities, including, among others, controls over the evaluation of filings with regulatory bodies and their effects on existing regulatory assets and liabilities, including factors that may affect the timing or nature of recoverability. We performed audit procedures that included, among others, reviewing evidence of correspondence with regulatory bodies to test that the Company evaluated information obtained from regulatory rulings. For example, we assessed the recoverability, considering information obtained from the Company’s stipulation and settlement agreement, for various regulatory assets. In addition, we tested calculations of material regulatory assets and liabilities, including that amortization for certain regulatory assets and liabilities corresponded to relevant regulatory filings and/or orders. For example, we tested whether the calculation of regulatory liabilities attributable to changes in tax rates was consistent with methods agreed to by regulatory bodies. | ||||||||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1986.
Houston, Texas
February 28, 2022
25
Northwest Pipeline LLC
Statement of Net Income
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING REVENUES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Natural gas transportation | $ | 428,136 | $ | 435,238 | $ | 428,656 | |||||||||||
| Natural gas storage | 12,883 | 12,609 | 13,797 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,539 | 1,635 | 1,969 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenues | 443,558 | 449,482 | 444,422 | ||||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES: | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 49,204 | 47,695 | 51,665 | ||||||||||||||
| Operation and maintenance | 76,016 | 69,970 | 81,736 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 113,180 | 112,004 | 107,951 | ||||||||||||||
| Regulatory debits | 1,436 | 1,148 | 1,107 | ||||||||||||||
| Taxes, other than income taxes | 16,836 | 16,290 | 14,388 | ||||||||||||||
| Regulatory charges resulting from tax rate changes | 23,580 | 23,580 | 23,580 | ||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expenses, net | 13 | (38) | 47 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 280,265 | 270,649 | 280,474 | ||||||||||||||
| OPERATING INCOME | 163,293 | 178,833 | 163,948 | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER (INCOME) AND OTHER EXPENSES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 29,986 | 29,712 | 29,232 | ||||||||||||||
| Allowance for equity and borrowed funds used during construction | (1,606) | (669) | (3,418) | ||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous other (income) expenses, net | (595) | (1,296) | (4,533) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other (income) and other expenses | 27,785 | 27,747 | 21,281 | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCOME | $ | 135,508 | $ | 151,086 | $ | 142,667 | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
26
Northwest Pipeline LLC
Balance Sheet
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | |||||||||||
| Cash | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
| Receivables: | |||||||||||
| Trade | 39,100 | 37,365 | |||||||||
| Affiliated companies | 372 | 51 | |||||||||
| Advances to affiliate | 281,442 | 247,869 | |||||||||
| Other | 737 | 840 | |||||||||
| Materials and supplies | 8,909 | 9,807 | |||||||||
| Exchange gas due from others | 16,958 | 4,466 | |||||||||
| Prepayments and other | 4,308 | 4,078 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 351,826 | 304,476 | |||||||||
| PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, at cost | 3,753,354 | 3,653,792 | |||||||||
| Less-Accumulated depreciation | 1,863,921 | 1,761,229 | |||||||||
| Total property, plant and equipment, net | 1,889,433 | 1,892,563 | |||||||||
| OTHER ASSETS: | |||||||||||
| Regulatory assets | 18,312 | 20,022 | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | 10,238 | 10,692 | |||||||||
| Other | 11,826 | 3,775 | |||||||||
| Total other assets | 40,376 | 34,489 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,281,635 | $ | 2,231,528 | |||||||
See accompanying notes.
27
Northwest Pipeline LLC
Balance Sheet
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND MEMBER’S EQUITY | |||||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | |||||||||||
| Payables: | |||||||||||
| Trade | $ | 23,108 | $ | 16,157 | |||||||
| Affiliated companies | 13,140 | 4,110 | |||||||||
| Accrued liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Taxes, other than income taxes | 11,196 | 10,905 | |||||||||
| Interest | 5,505 | 5,505 | |||||||||
| Exchange gas due to others | 12,559 | 4,557 | |||||||||
| Customer advances | 2,281 | 539 | |||||||||
| Other | 2,546 | 6,786 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 70,335 | 48,559 | |||||||||
| LONG-TERM DEBT | 579,030 | 578,018 | |||||||||
| OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES: | |||||||||||
| Asset retirement obligations | 122,650 | 95,777 | |||||||||
| Regulatory liabilities | 388,433 | 355,725 | |||||||||
| Lease liability | 8,202 | 8,341 | |||||||||
| Other | 3,582 | 4,713 | |||||||||
| Total other non-current liabilities | 522,867 | 464,556 | |||||||||
| CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS (Note 4) | |||||||||||
| MEMBER'S EQUITY: | |||||||||||
| Member’s capital | 1,073,892 | 1,073,892 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 35,511 | 66,503 | |||||||||
| Total member’s equity | 1,109,403 | 1,140,395 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and member’s equity | $ | 2,281,635 | $ | 2,231,528 | |||||||
See accompanying notes.
28
Northwest Pipeline LLC
Statement of Changes in Member’s Equity
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| MEMBER'S CAPITAL: | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning and end of period | $ | 1,073,892 | $ | 1,073,892 | $ | 1,073,892 | |||||||||||
| RETAINED EARNINGS: | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | 66,503 | 79,417 | 46,750 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 135,508 | 151,086 | 142,667 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash distributions to parent | (166,500) | (164,000) | (110,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | 35,511 | 66,503 | 79,417 | ||||||||||||||
| Total member’s equity | $ | 1,109,403 | $ | 1,140,395 | $ | 1,153,309 | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
29
Northwest Pipeline LLC
Statement of Cash Flows
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 135,508 | $ | 151,086 | $ | 142,667 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided (used) by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 113,180 | 112,004 | 107,951 | ||||||||||||||
| Regulatory debits | 1,436 | 1,148 | 1,107 | ||||||||||||||
| Regulatory charges resulting from tax rate changes | 23,580 | 23,580 | 23,580 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred charges and credits | (4,414) | (3,526) | (2,806) | ||||||||||||||
| Allowance for equity funds used during construction (equity AFUDC) | (1,360) | (414) | (2,744) | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in current assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Trade and other accounts receivable | (1,632) | 3,606 | (1,528) | ||||||||||||||
| Affiliated receivables | (321) | 58 | (91) | ||||||||||||||
| Materials and supplies | 898 | (124) | 363 | ||||||||||||||
| Other current assets | (110) | 337 | 4,311 | ||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | (3,571) | 5,140 | (1,497) | ||||||||||||||
| Affiliated payables | 9,030 | (5,062) | (17,360) | ||||||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | (875) | (8,603) | (8,056) | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in non-current assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory liabilities | 4,374 | 4,185 | 3,493 | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | (2,761) | 503 | 8,570 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 272,962 | 283,918 | 257,960 | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments for debt issuance costs | — | — | (59) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash distributions to parent | (166,500) | (164,000) | (110,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (166,500) | (164,000) | (110,059) | ||||||||||||||
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment: | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures* | (78,787) | (78,497) | (128,440) | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions and advances for construction costs | 10,268 | 6,103 | 4,805 | ||||||||||||||
| Disposal of property, plant and equipment, net | (4,370) | (920) | (3,401) | ||||||||||||||
| Advances to affiliates, net | (33,573) | (46,604) | (20,865) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (106,462) | (119,918) | (147,901) | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| CASH AT END OF PERIOD | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| ____________________________________ | |||||||||||||||||
| * Increases to property, plant and equipment, exclusive of equity AFUDC | $ | (88,791) | $ | (78,602) | $ | (132,260) | |||||||||||
| Changes in related accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities | 10,004 | 105 | 3,820 | ||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | $ | (78,787) | $ | (78,497) | $ | (128,440) | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes.
30
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Corporate Structure and Control
In this report, Northwest is at times referred to in the first person as “we,” “us” or “our.”
Northwest Pipeline LLC (Northwest) is indirectly owned by The Williams Companies, Inc. (Williams), a publicly traded Delaware corporation.
Northwest is a single member limited liability company, and as such, single member losses are limited to the amount of its investment.
Nature of Operations
We own and operate an interstate pipeline system for the mainline transmission of natural gas. This system extends from the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado through Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon and Washington to a point on the Canadian border near Sumas, Washington.
Basis of Presentation
A reclassification within Operating Revenues in the Statement of Net Income from the service line of Natural gas storage to Other of approximately $1.7 million and $2.2 million for the years 2020 and 2019, respectively, has been made to conform to the 2021 presentation.
Regulatory Accounting
We are regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations,” (Topic 980), provides that certain costs that would otherwise be charged to expense should be deferred as regulatory assets, based on the expected recovery from customers in future rates. Likewise, certain actual or anticipated credits that would otherwise reduce expense should be deferred as regulatory liabilities, based on the expected return to customers in future rates. Management's expected recovery of deferred costs and return of deferred credits generally results from specific decisions by regulators granting such ratemaking treatment. We record certain incurred costs and obligations as regulatory assets or liabilities if, based on regulatory orders or other available evidence, it is probable that the costs or obligations will be included in amounts allowable for recovery or refunded in future rates. Accounting for businesses that are regulated and apply the provisions of Topic 980 can differ from the accounting requirements for non-regulated businesses. Transactions that are recorded differently as a result of regulatory accounting requirements include the capitalization of an equity return component on regulated capital projects, capitalization of other project costs, retirements of general plant assets, employee-related benefits, environmental costs, negative salvage, asset retirement obligations, and other costs and taxes included in, or expected to be included in, future rates. As a rate-regulated entity, our management has determined that it is appropriate to apply the accounting prescribed by Topic 980, and, accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include the effects of the types of transactions described above that result from regulatory accounting requirements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions which, in the opinion of management, are significant to the underlying amounts included in the financial statements and for which it would be reasonably possible that future events or information could change those estimates include: 1) litigation-related contingencies; 2) environmental remediation obligations; 3) impairment assessments of long-lived assets; 4) depreciation; 5) asset retirement obligations; and 6) measurement of regulatory assets and liabilities.
Revenue Recognition
Our customers are comprised of public utilities, municipalities, direct industrial users, electric power generators, and natural gas marketers and producers.
31
Service revenue contracts from our gas pipeline business contain a series of distinct services, with the majority of our contracts having a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by our performance.
Certain customers reimburse us for costs we incur associated with construction of property, plant, and equipment utilized in our operations. As a rate-regulated entity applying Topic 980, we follow FERC guidelines with respect to reimbursement of construction costs. FERC tariffs only allow for cost reimbursement and are non-negotiable in nature; thus, in our judgment, the construction activities do not represent an ongoing major and central operation of our gas pipelines business and are not within the scope of ASC Topic 606, “Revenues from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606). Accordingly, cost reimbursements are treated as a reduction to the cost of the constructed assets.
Operating Revenues
We are subject to regulation by certain state and federal authorities, including the FERC, with revenue derived from both firm and interruptible transportation and storage contracts. Most of our firm transportation and storage agreements provide for a fixed reservation charge based on the pipeline or storage capacity reserved, and a commodity charge based on the volume of natural gas scheduled, each at rates specified in our FERC tariffs or as negotiated with our customers, with contract terms that are generally long-term in nature. Most of our long-term contracts contain an evergreen provision, which allows the contracts to be extended beyond the specified contract term and until terminated generally by either us or the customer, but in certain cases unilaterally by the customer, with advance notice of termination ranging from one to five years. Interruptible transportation and storage agreements provide for a volumetric charge based on actual commodity transportation or storage utilized in the period in which those services are provided, and the contracts are generally limited to one-month periods or less. Our performance obligations include the following:
•Firm transportation or storage under firm transportation and storage contracts—an integrated package of services typically constituting a single performance obligation, which includes standing ready to provide such services and receiving, transporting or storing (as applicable), and redelivering commodities;
•Interruptible transportation and storage under interruptible transportation and storage contracts—an integrated package of services typically constituting a single performance obligation once scheduled, which includes receiving, transporting or storing (as applicable), and redelivering commodities.
In situations where, in our judgment, we consider the integrated package of services as a single performance obligation, which represents a majority of our contracts with customers, we do not consider there to be multiple performance obligations because the nature of the overall promise in the contract is to stand ready (with regard to firm transportation and storage contracts), receive, transport or store, and redeliver natural gas to the customer; therefore, revenue is recognized over time upon satisfaction of our daily stand ready performance obligation.
We recognize revenues for reservation charges over the performance obligation period, which is the contract term, regardless of the volume of natural gas that is transported or stored. Revenues for commodity charges from both firm and interruptible transportation services and storage services are recognized based on volumes of natural gas scheduled for delivery at the agreed upon delivery point or based on volumes of natural gas scheduled for injection or withdrawn from the storage facility because they specifically relate to our efforts to provide these distinct services. Generally, reservation charges and commodity charges are recognized as revenue in the same period they are invoiced to our customers. As a result of the ratemaking process, certain amounts collected by us may be subject to refunds upon the issuance of final orders by the FERC in pending rate proceedings. We use judgment to record estimates of rate refund liabilities considering our and other third-party regulatory proceedings, advice of counsel, and other risks. At December 31, 2021, we had no such rate refund liabilities.
In the course of providing transportation services to customers, we may receive different quantities of natural gas from customers than the quantities delivered on behalf of those customers or consumed in fuel to operate our system. The resulting customer imbalances are typically settled through the receipt or delivery of gas in the future based on the timelines outlined in Northwest’s Tariff, whereas the over/under recovery of fuel is cleared up through Northwest’s semi-annual fuel tracker. Customer imbalances to be repaid or recovered in-kind are recorded as Exchange gas due from others or Exchange gas due to others in our Balance Sheet. The under recovery of fuel is recorded as a Regulatory Asset and the over recovery is recorded as a Regulatory Liability. These imbalances are valued at the average of the spot market rates at the Canadian border and the Rocky Mountain market as published in the SNL Financial "Bidweek Index - Spot Rates."
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Contract Assets
Our contract assets consist of discounts provided to customers in the beginning of the contract term that are recognized on a straight-line basis over the entire contract term resulting in revenue recognition occurring prior to actual billings. Contract assets are included within Other in our Balance Sheet.
Contract Liabilities
Our contract liabilities consist of a fixed rate facility charge billed to customers that declines annually as specified per the tariff. These liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to when such amounts are expected to be recognized. Current and non-current liabilities are included within Accrued Liabilities and Other Non-current Liabilities, respectively, in our Balance Sheet.
Leases
We are a lessee through noncancellable lease agreements for property and equipment consisting primarily of buildings, land, vehicles, and equipment used in both our operations and administrative functions. We recognize a lease liability with an offsetting right-of-use asset in our Balance Sheet for operating leases based on the present value of the future lease payments. We have elected to combine lease and nonlease components for all classes of leased assets in our calculation of the lease liability and the offsetting right-of-use asset.
Our lease agreements require both fixed and variable periodic payments, with initial terms typically ranging from one year to 30 years. Payment provisions in certain of our lease agreements contain escalation factors which may be based on stated rates or a change in a published index at a future time. The amount by which a lease escalates based on the change in a published index, which is not known at lease commencement, is considered a variable payment and is not included in the present value of the future lease payments, which only includes those that are stated or can be calculated based on the lease agreement at lease commencement. In addition to the noncancellable periods, many of our lease agreements provide for one or more extensions of the lease agreement for periods ranging from one year in length to an indefinite number of times following the specified contract term. Other lease agreements provide for extension terms that allow us to utilize the identified leased asset for an indefinite period of time so long as the asset continues to be utilized in our operations. In consideration of these renewal features, we assess the term of the lease agreements, which includes using judgment in the determination of which renewal periods and termination provisions, when at our sole election, will be reasonably certain of being exercised. Periods after the initial term or extension terms that allow for either party to the lease to cancel the lease are not considered in the assessment of the lease term. Additionally, we have elected to exclude leases with an original term of one year or less, including renewal periods, from the calculation of the lease liability and the offsetting right-of-use asset.
We use judgment in determining the discount rate upon which the present value of the future lease payments is determined. This rate is based on a collateralized interest rate corresponding to the term of the lease agreement using company, industry, and market information available.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Environmental expenditures are expensed or capitalized depending on their economic benefit and potential for rate recovery. We believe that expenditures required to meet applicable environmental laws and regulations are prudently incurred in the ordinary course of business and such expenditures would be permitted to be recovered through rates.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, consisting principally of natural gas transmission facilities, is recorded at original cost. The FERC identifies installation, construction and replacement costs that are to be capitalized and included in our asset base for recovery in rates. Routine maintenance, repairs, and renewal costs are charged to income as incurred. Gains or losses from the ordinary sale or retirement of property, plant and equipment are charged or credited to accumulated depreciation; certain other gains or losses are recorded in operating income.
We provide for depreciation under the composite (group) method at straight-line FERC prescribed rates that are applied to the cost of the group for transmission and storage facilities. Under this method, assets with similar lives and characteristics are
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grouped and depreciated as one asset. Included in our depreciation rates is a negative salvage component (net cost of removal) that we currently collect in rates. Our depreciation rates are subject to change each time we file a general rate case with the FERC. Depreciation rates used for major regulated gas plant facilities at December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:
| Category of Property | |||||||||||||||||
| Storage Facilities | 1.60 | % | — | 2.76% | |||||||||||||
| Transmission Facilities | 2.80 | % | — | 6.97% | |||||||||||||
The incrementally priced Evergreen Expansion Project, which was an expansion of our pipeline system, was placed in service on October 1, 2003. The levelized rate design of this project creates a consistent revenue stream over the related 25-year customer contract term. FERC has approved the accounting for the differences between book depreciation and the Evergreen Expansion Project’s levelized depreciation as a regulatory asset.
We recorded regulatory debits totaling, $1.4 million in 2021 and $1.1 million in 2020 and 2019 in the accompanying Statement of Net Income. These debits relate primarily to the levelized depreciation adjustment for the Evergreen Expansion Project discussed above.
We record a liability and increase the basis in the underlying asset for the present value of each expected future asset retirement obligation (ARO) at the time the liability is initially incurred, typically when the asset is acquired or constructed. Measurement of AROs includes, as a component of future expected costs, an estimate of the price that a third party would demand, and could expect to receive, for bearing the uncertainties inherent in the obligations, sometimes referred to as market-risk premium. We measure changes in the liability due to passage of time by applying an interest method of allocation. This amount is recognized as an increase in the carrying amount of the liability and is offset by a regulatory asset. The gross regulatory asset balances associated with ARO as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $102.1 million and $96.3 million, respectively. The regulatory asset is expected to be fully recovered through the negative salvage component of depreciation included in our rates; as such, that amount of the negative salvage component of accumulated depreciation has been reclassified and netted against the amount of the ARO regulatory asset to result in a regulatory liability of $26.7 million and $22.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
We evaluate our long-lived assets, including capitalized project development costs, for impairment when, in our judgement, events or circumstances, including probable abandonment, indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. When an indicator of impairment has occurred, we compare our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets to the carrying value of the assets to determine whether an impairment has occurred and we may apply a probability-weighted approach to consider the likelihood of different cash flow assumptions and possible outcomes. If an impairment of the carrying value has occurred, we determine the amount of the impairment to be recognized in our financial statements by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss for the amount that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value.
For assets identified to be disposed of in the future and considered held for sale, we compare the carrying value to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell to determine if recognition of an impairment is required. Until the assets are disposed of, the estimated fair value, which includes estimated cash flows from operations until the assumed date of sale, is recalculated when related events or circumstances change.
Judgment and assumptions are inherent in our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows used to determine recoverability of an asset and the estimate of an asset’s fair value used to calculate the amount of impairment to recognize.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
Allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) represents the estimated cost of borrowed and equity funds applicable to utility plant in process of construction and is included as a cost of property, plant and equipment because it constitutes an actual cost of construction under established regulatory practices. The FERC has prescribed a formula to be used in computing separate allowances for borrowed and equity AFUDC. The allowance for borrowed funds used during construction was $0.2 million for 2021, $0.3 million for 2020, and $0.7 million for 2019. The allowance for equity funds was $1.4 million, $0.4 million, and $2.7 million for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
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Income Taxes
We are a natural gas company organized as a pass-through entity and our taxable income or loss is consolidated on the federal income tax return of our parent, Williams. We generally are treated as a pass-through entity for state and local income tax purposes, and those taxes are generally borne on a consolidated basis by Williams. Net income for financial statement purposes may differ significantly from taxable income of Williams as a result of differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are carried on a gross basis, with no discounting, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. We estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts, considering current expected credit losses using a forward-looking “expected loss” model, the financial condition of our customers, and the age of past due accounts. The majority of our trade receivable balances are due within 30 days. We monitor the credit quality of our counterparties through review of collection trends, credit ratings, and other analyses, such as bankruptcy monitoring, if applicable. Financial assets are evaluated as one pool. Changes in counterparty risk factors could lead to reassessment of the composition of our financial assets as one pool. We calculate our allowance for credit losses incorporating an aging method. In estimating our expected credit losses, we utilized historical loss rates over many years. Our expected credit loss estimate considered both internal and external forward-looking commodity price expectations, as well as counterparty credit ratings, and factors impacting their near-term liquidity.
We do not offer extended payment terms and typically receive payment within one month. We consider receivables past due if full payment is not received by the contractual due date. Past due accounts are generally written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts only after all collection attempts have been exhausted. We do not have a material amount of significantly aged receivables at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Materials and Supplies Inventory
All materials and supplies inventory is stated at average cost. We perform an annual review of materials and supplies inventories, including a quarterly analysis of parts that may no longer be useful due to planned replacements of compressor engines and other components on our system. Based on this assessment, we record a reserve for the value of the inventory which can no longer be used for maintenance and repairs on our pipeline. There was a minimal reserve at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Contingent Liabilities
We record liabilities for estimated loss contingencies, including environmental matters, when we assess that a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These liabilities are calculated based upon our assumptions and estimates with respect to the likelihood or amount of loss and upon advice of legal counsel, engineers, or other third-parties regarding the probable outcomes of the matters. These calculations are made without consideration of any potential recovery from third-parties. We recognize insurance recoveries or reimbursements from others when realizable. Revisions to these liabilities are generally reflected in income when new or different facts or information become known or circumstances change that affect the previous assumptions or estimates.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
We do not have employees. Certain of the costs charged to us by Williams associated with employees who directly support us include costs related to Williams’ pension and other postretirement benefit plans (See Note 6 – Benefit Plans). Although the underlying benefit plans of Williams are single-employer plans, we follow multiemployer plan accounting whereby the amount charged to us, and thus paid by us, is based on our share of net periodic benefit cost.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities and Cash Equivalents
We use the indirect method to report cash flows from operating activities, which requires adjustments to net income to reconcile to net cash flows provided by operating activities. We include short-term, highly-liquid investments that have an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents.
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Interest Payments
Cash payments for interest, net of interest capitalized, were $26.1 million in both 2021 and 2020, and $26.2 million in 2019.
Note 2 – Revenue Recognition
Revenue by Category
Our revenue disaggregation by major service line includes Natural gas transportation, Natural gas storage, and Other, which are separately presented on the Statement of Net Income.
Contract Assets
The following table presents a reconciliation of our contract assets:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 3,395 | $ | 554 | ||||||||||
| Revenue recognized in excess of amounts invoiced | 4,548 | 2,841 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 7,943 | $ | 3,395 | ||||||||||
Contract Liabilities
The following table presents a reconciliation of our contract liabilities:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 4,610 | $ | 5,464 | ||||||||||
| Recognized in Revenue | (938) | (854) | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 3,672 | $ | 4,610 | ||||||||||
Remaining Performance Obligations
Our remaining performance obligations primarily include reservation charges on contracted capacity on our firm transportation and storage contracts with customers. Amounts from certain contracts included in the table below, which are subject to the periodic review and approval by the FERC, reflect the rates for such services in our current FERC tariffs for the life of the related contracts; however, these rates may change based on future rate cases or settlements approved by the FERC and the amount and timing of these changes is not currently known. This table excludes the variable consideration component for commodity charges. Certain of our contracts contain evergreen and other renewal provisions for periods beyond the initial term of the contract. The remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2021, do not consider potential future performance obligations for which the renewal has not been exercised and exclude contracts with customers for which the underlying facilities have not received FERC authorization to be placed into service.
The following table presents the amount of the contract liabilities balance expected to be recognized as revenue when performance obligations are satisfied and the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations under certain contracts as of December 31, 2021.
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| Contract Liabilities | Remaining Performance Obligations | |||||||
| (Thousands) | ||||||||
2022 (one year) | $ | 1,029 | $ | 418,597 | ||||
2023 (one year) | 1,120 | 383,164 | ||||||
2024 (one year) | 1,218 | 338,118 | ||||||
2025 (one year) | 305 | 331,136 | ||||||
2026 (one year) | — | 323,632 | ||||||
| Thereafter00 | — | 2,522,750 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 3,672 | $ | 4,317,397 | ||||
Accounts Receivable
Receivables from contracts with customers are included within Receivables - Trade and Receivables - Affiliated companies and receivables that are not related to contracts with customers are included within the balance of Receivables - Advances to affiliate and Receivables - Other in our Balance Sheet.
Note 3 – Leases
We are a lessee through noncancellable lease agreements for property and equipment consisting primarily of buildings, land, vehicles, and equipment used in both our operations and administrative functions.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Lease Cost: | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 1,334 | $ | 2,075 | $ | 2,234 | |||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | 681 | 1,122 | 1,107 | ||||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | 2,015 | $ | 3,197 | $ | 3,341 | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,395 | $ | 2,500 | $ | 2,064 | |||||||||||
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other Information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | $ | 10,238 | $ | 10,692 | |||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
Current (included in Accrued liabilities - Other in our Balance Sheet) | $ | 676 | $ | 2,022 | |||||||||||||
| Lease liability | $ | 8,202 | $ | 8,341 | |||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (years) | 16 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases | 4.13 | % | 3.96 | % | |||||||||||||
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As of December 31, 2021, the following table represents our operating lease maturities, including renewal provisions that we have assessed as being reasonably certain of exercise, for each of the years ended December 31:
| (Thousands) | |||||
| 2022 | $ | 962 | |||
| 2023 | 944 | ||||
| 2024 | 944 | ||||
| 2025 | 960 | ||||
| 2026 | 962 | ||||
| Thereafter | 8,181 | ||||
| Total future lease payments | 12,953 | ||||
| Less amount representing interest | 4,075 | ||||
| Total obligations under operating leases | $ | 8,878 | |||
Note 4 – Contingent Liabilities and Commitments
Environmental Matters
We are subject to the National Environmental Policy Act and other federal and state legislation regulating the environmental aspects of our business. Except as discussed below, our management believes that we are in substantial compliance with existing environmental requirements. Environmental expenditures are expensed or capitalized depending on their future economic benefit and potential for rate recovery. We believe that, with respect to any expenditures required to meet applicable standards and regulations, the FERC would grant the requisite rate relief so that substantially all of such expenditures would be permitted to be recovered through rates.
Beginning in the mid-1980s, we evaluated many of our facilities for the presence of toxic and hazardous substances to determine to what extent, if any, remediation might be necessary. We identified polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in air compressor systems, soils, and related properties at certain compressor station sites. Similarly, we identified hydrocarbon impacts at these facilities due to the former use of earthen pits, lubricating oil leaks or spills, and excess pipe coating released to the environment. In addition, heavy metals have been identified at these sites due to the former use of mercury containing meters and paint and welding rods containing lead, cadmium, and arsenic. The PCBs were remediated pursuant to a Consent Decree with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the late 1980s, and we conducted a voluntary clean-up of the hydrocarbon and mercury impacts in the early 1990s. In 2005, the Washington Department of Ecology required us to re-evaluate our previous clean-ups in Washington. During 2006 to 2015, 129 meter stations were evaluated, of which 82 required remediation. As of December 31, 2021, 2 meter stations are still being remediated. During 2006 to 2018, 14 compressor stations were evaluated, of which 11 required remediation. As of December 31, 2021, 5 compressor stations are still being remediated. At December 31, 2021 we had accrued liabilities totaling approximately $1.0 million, $0.1 million of which is recorded in Accrued liabilities - Other and $0.9 million of which is recorded in Other Non-current Liabilities - Other in the accompanying Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2020 we had accrued liabilities totaling approximately $1.1 million, $0.1 million of which is recorded in Accrued liabilities - Other and $1.0 million of which is recorded in Other Non-current Liabilities - Other in the accompanying Balance Sheet. We are conducting environmental assessments and implementing a variety of remedial measures that may result in increases or decreases in the total estimated costs.
The EPA and various state regulatory agencies routinely propose and promulgate new rules, and issue updated guidance to existing rules. These rulemakings include, but are not limited to, rules for reciprocating internal combustion engine and combustion turbine maximum achievable control technology, review and updates to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and rules for new and existing source performance standards for volatile organic compounds and methane. We continuously monitor these regulatory changes and how they may impact our operations. Implementation of new or modified regulations may result in impacts to our operations and increase the cost of additions to Total property, plant, and equipment, net in the Balance Sheet for both new and existing facilities in affected areas; however, due to regulatory uncertainty on final rule content and applicability timeframes, we are unable to reasonably estimate the cost of these regulatory impacts at this time.
Other Matters
Various other proceedings are pending against us and are considered incidental to our operations.
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Summary
We have disclosed all significant matters for which we are unable to reasonably estimate a range of possible loss. We estimate that for all matters for which we are able to reasonably estimate a range of loss, including those noted above and others that are not individually significant, our aggregate reasonably possible losses beyond amounts accrued for all of our contingent liabilities are immaterial to our expected future annual results of operations, liquidity and financial position. These calculations have been made without consideration of any potential recovery from third-parties.
Note 5 – Debt and Financing Arrangements
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt, presented net of unamortized discount and unamortized debt issuance costs, consists of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||
| 7.125% unsecured debentures due 2025 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 85,000 | |||||||
| 4.0% unsecured debentures due 2027 | 500,000 | 500,000 | |||||||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs | (3,059) | (3,581) | |||||||||
| Unamortized debt discount | (2,911) | (3,401) | |||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 579,030 | $ | 578,018 | |||||||
The following table reflects future maturities of long-term (at face value) debt for the next five years.
| (Thousands) | ||||||||
| 7.125% unsecured debentures due 2025 | $ | 85,000 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 85,000 | ||||||
No property is pledged as collateral under any of our long-term debt.
Restrictive Debt Covenants
At December 31, 2021, none of our debt instruments restrict the amount of distributions to our parent, provided, however, that under the credit facility described below, we are restricted from making distributions to our parent during an event of default if we have directly incurred indebtedness under the credit facility. Our debt agreements contain restrictions on our ability to incur secured debt beyond certain levels.
Credit Facility
In October 2021, we along with Williams and Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC (Transco), the lenders named therein, and an administrative agent entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (Credit Agreement) that reduced aggregate commitments available from $4.5 billion to $3.75 billion, with up to an additional $500 million increase in aggregate commitments available under certain circumstances. The Credit Agreement was effective on October 8, 2021. The maturity date of the credit facility is October 8, 2026. However, the co-borrowers may request up to two extensions of the maturity date each for an additional one-year period to allow a maturity date as late as October 8, 2028, under certain circumstances. The Credit Agreement allows for swing line loans up to an aggregate of $200 million, subject to available capacity under the credit facility, and letters of credit commitments of $500 million. We and Transco are each able to borrow up to $500 million under this credit facility to the extent not otherwise utilized by the other co-borrowers. At December 31, 2021, no letters of credit have been issued and no loans to Williams were outstanding under the credit facility.
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The Credit Agreement contains the following terms and conditions:
•Various covenants may limit, among other things, a borrower’s and its material subsidiaries’ ability to grant certain liens supporting indebtedness, merge or consolidate, sell all or substantially all of its assets in certain circumstances, make certain distributions during an event of default, and each borrower and each borrower’s respective material subsidiaries’ ability to enter into certain restrictive agreements.
•If an event of default with respect to a borrower occurs under the credit facility, the lenders will be able to terminate the commitments for the respective borrowers and accelerate the maturity of the loans of the defaulting borrower under the credit facility and exercise other rights and remedies.
•Other than swing line loans, each time funds are borrowed, the applicable borrower may choose from two methods of calculating interest: a fluctuating base rate equal to an alternative base rate as defined in the Credit Agreement plus an applicable margin or a periodic fixed rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable margin. Williams is required to pay a commitment fee based on the unused portion of the credit facility. The applicable margin is determined by reference to a pricing schedule based on the applicable borrower’s senior unsecured long-term debt ratings and the commitment fee is determined by reference to a pricing schedule based on Williams’ senior unsecured long-term debt ratings. The Credit Agreement also includes customary provisions to provide for replacement of LIBOR with an alternative benchmark rate when LIBOR ceases to be available.
The ratio of debt to capitalization (defined as net worth plus debt), each as defined in the Credit Agreement, must be no greater than 65 percent for each of Transco and Northwest.
At December 31, 2021, we are in compliance with this covenant.
Commercial Paper Program
In 2018, Williams entered into a $4.0 billion commercial paper program that has been reduced to $3.5 billion in connection with the October 2021 Credit Agreement. Williams management considers amounts outstanding under this program to be a reduction of available capacity under the credit facility. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, Williams had no outstanding commercial paper.
Note 6 – Benefit Plans
Certain of the benefit costs charged to us by Williams associated with employees who directly support us are described below. Additionally, allocated corporate expenses from Williams to us also include amounts related to these same employee benefits, which are not included in the amounts presented below (See Note 8 – Transactions With Major Customers and Affiliates).
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Williams has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (Williams Pension Plan, Williams Inactive Employees Pension Plan, and The Williams Companies Retirement Restoration Plan) that provide pension benefits for its eligible employees hired prior to January 1, 2019. Pension costs charged to us by Williams were $0.8 million in 2021, $1.9 million in 2020 and $2.2 million in 2019. Included in our pension costs are settlement charges of $0.7 million in 2020.
Williams provides subsidized retiree medical benefits to a closed group of participants as well as retiree life insurance to eligible participants. During 2021, 2020, and 2019, we received credits from Williams related to retiree medical and life insurance benefits of $1.6 million, $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively. These credits were recorded as regulatory liabilities.
We have been allowed by rate case settlements to collect or refund in future rates any differences between the actuarially determined costs and amounts currently being recovered in rates related to other postretirement benefits. Any differences between the annual actuarially determined cost and amounts currently being recovered in rates are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities and collected or refunded through future rate adjustments. The amounts of other postretirement benefits costs deferred as regulatory liabilities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are $41.0 million and $39.4 million, respectively.
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Defined Contribution Plan
Williams maintains a defined contribution plan for substantially all of its employees. Williams charged us compensation expense of $2.7 million in 2021, $2.3 million in 2020 and $1.8 million in 2019 for Williams’ company contributions to this plan.
Employee Stock-Based Compensation Plan Information
The Williams Companies, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan (the Plan), as subsequently amended and restated, provides for Williams’ common stock-based awards to both employees and non-management directors. The Plan permits the granting of various types of awards including, but not limited to, restricted stock units and stock options. Awards may be granted for no consideration other than prior and future services or based on certain financial performance targets achieved.
Williams currently bills us directly for compensation expense related to stock-based compensation awards based on the fair value of the awards. We are also billed for our proportionate share of Williams’ and other affiliates’ stock-based compensation expense through various allocation processes.
Total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, excluding amounts allocated from Williams.
Note 7 – Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:
Short-term financial assets — The carrying values of short-term financial assets that have variable interest rates (advances to affiliate), accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
Long-term debt — The disclosed fair value of our long-term debt, which we consider as a level 2 measurement, is determined by a market approach using broker quoted indicative period-end bond prices. The quoted prices are based on observable transactions in less active markets for our debt or similar instruments. The carrying amount and estimated fair value of our long-term debt, including current maturities, were $579.0 million and $646.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021, and $578.0 million and $680.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020.
Note 8 – Transactions with Major Customers and Affiliates
Major Customers
During the periods presented, more than 10 percent of our operating revenues were generated from each of the following customers:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Puget Sound Energy, Inc. | $ | 131,462 | $ | 132,747 | $ | 121,792 | |||||||||||
| Cascade Natural Gas Corporation | 49,078 | 47,493 | 46,969 | ||||||||||||||
| Northwest Natural Gas Company | 48,901 | 48,893 | 48,891 | ||||||||||||||
Our major customers are located in the Pacific Northwest. As a general policy, collateral is not required for receivables, but customers’ financial condition and credit worthiness are regularly evaluated and historical collection losses have been minimal.
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Affiliates
We are a participant in Williams’ cash management program. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the advances due to us by Williams totaled approximately $281.4 million and $247.9 million, respectively. These advances are represented by demand notes and are classified as Receivables - Advances to affiliate in the accompanying Balance Sheet. The interest rate on these intercompany demand notes is based upon the daily overnight investment rate paid on Williams’ excess cash at the end of each month, which was approximately 0.01 percent at December 31, 2021. The interest income from these advances was minimal for the year ended December 31, 2021, and $0.6 million, and $4.1 million for the years ended 2020 and 2019, respectively. Such interest income is included in Other (Income) and Other Expenses: Miscellaneous other (income) expenses, net on the accompanying Statement of Net Income.
We have no employees. Services necessary to operate our business are provided to us by Williams and certain affiliates of Williams. We reimburse Williams and its affiliates for all direct and indirect expenses incurred or payments made (including salary, bonus, incentive compensation, and benefits) in connection with these services. Employees of Williams also provide general, administrative and management services to us, and we are charged for certain administrative expenses incurred by Williams. These charges are either directly identifiable or allocated to our assets. Direct charges are for goods and services provided by Williams at our request. Allocated charges are based on a three-factor formula, which considers revenues; property, plant, and equipment; and payroll. In management’s estimation, the allocation methodologies used are reasonable and result in a reasonable allocation to us of our costs of doing business incurred by Williams. In the accompanying Statement of Net Income, we have recorded approximately $85.2 million, $77.9 million, and $84.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, for theses service expenses which are primarily included in General and administrative and Operation and maintenance expenses.
During 2021, 2020, and 2019, we declared and paid cash distributions to our parent of $166.5 million, $164.0 million, and $110.0 million, respectively. During January 2022, we declared and paid cash distributions of $42.0 million to our parent.
Note 9 – Asset Retirement Obligations
Our accrued asset retirement obligations relate to our gas storage and transmission facilities. At the end of the useful life of our facilities, we are legally obligated to remove or plug and abandon certain transmission facilities including underground pipelines, major river spans, compressor stations and meter station facilities. These obligations also include restoration of the property sites after removal of the facilities from above and below the ground.
During 2021 and 2020, our overall asset retirement obligation changed as follows (in thousands):
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 95,777 | $ | 91,251 | |||||||
| Accretion | 5,725 | 5,410 | |||||||||
| Changes in estimates of existing obligations (1) | 21,148 | (884) | |||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 122,650 | $ | 95,777 | |||||||
(1)Changes in estimates of existing obligations are primarily due to the annual review process, which considers various factors including inflation rate, current estimates for removal costs, discount rates, and the estimated remaining life of assets. The increase in 2021 is primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate and an increase in the estimated life of the ARO assets.
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Note 10 – Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
Our regulatory assets and liabilities result from our application of the provisions of Topic 980 and are reflected on our Balance Sheet. Current regulatory assets are included in Prepayments and other. Current regulatory liabilities are included in Exchange gas due to others. These balances are presented on our Balance Sheet on a gross basis and are recoverable or refundable over various periods. Below are the details of our regulatory assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Current regulatory assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Levelized depreciation | $ | 1,251 | $ | 1,360 | ||||||||||
| Fuel recovery | 107 | 52 | ||||||||||||
| Total current regulatory assets | 1,358 | 1,412 | ||||||||||||
| Non-current regulatory assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Grossed-up deferred taxes on equity funds used during construction | 4,731 | 5,114 | ||||||||||||
| Levelized depreciation | 13,581 | 14,908 | ||||||||||||
| Total non-current regulatory assets | 18,312 | 20,022 | ||||||||||||
| Total regulatory assets | $ | 1,358 | $ | 21,434 | ||||||||||
| Current regulatory liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Fuel recovery | $ | 32 | $ | 3,232 | ||||||||||
| Non-current regulatory liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Postretirement benefits | 40,980 | 39,391 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred federal taxes - liability | 206,527 | 206,527 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred state taxes - liability | 12,120 | 12,120 | ||||||||||||
| Customer tax refund | 102,059 | 75,694 | ||||||||||||
| Asset retirement obligations, net | 26,747 | 21,993 | ||||||||||||
| Total non-current regulatory liabilities | 388,433 | 355,725 | ||||||||||||
| Total regulatory liabilities | $ | 388,465 | $ | 358,957 | ||||||||||
The significant regulatory assets and liabilities include:
Levelized Depreciation - Levelized depreciation allows contract revenue streams to remain constant over the primary contract terms by recognizing lower than book depreciation in the early years and higher than book depreciation in later years. The depreciation component of the levelized incremental rates will equal the accumulated book depreciation by the end of the primary contract terms. The difference between levelized depreciation and straight-line book depreciation is recorded as a FERC approved regulatory asset or liability and is eliminated over the levelization period.
Fuel Recovery - These amounts reflect the value of the cumulative volumetric difference between the gas retained from our customers and the gas consumed in operations. These amounts are not included in the rate base, but are expected to be recovered or refunded by changing the fuel reimbursement factor in subsequent annual fuel filings.
Grossed-Up Deferred Taxes on Equity Funds Used During Construction - The regulatory asset balance was established to offset the deferred tax for the equity component of the allowance for funds used during the construction of long-lived assets. All amounts were generated during the period that we were a taxable entity. Taxes on capitalized funds used during construction and the offsetting deferred income taxes are included in the rate base and are recovered over the depreciable lives of the long-lived assets to which they relate.
Postretirement Benefits - We seek to recover the actuarially determined cost of postretirement benefits through rates that are set through periodic general rate filings. Any differences between the annual actuarially determined cost and amounts currently being recovered in rates are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities and collected or refunded through future rate
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adjustments. These amounts are not included in the rate base, and we are not currently recovering postretirement benefit costs in our rates (See Note 6 - Benefit Plans).
Deferred Federal Taxes-Liability - This regulatory liability balance was established as a result of a decrease to rate base deferred taxes due to a decrease to the effective federal income tax rate. The timing of the refund of the regulatory liability to rate payers will be subject to future discussions and negotiations with our customers in our next rate case.
Deferred State Taxes-Liability - This regulatory liability balance, following the August 10, 2018 merger of Williams with Williams Partners L.P., reflects a decrease to rate base deferred taxes due to a decrease to the estimated effective state income tax rates. The timing of the refund of the regulatory liability to rate payers will be subject to future discussions and negotiations with our customers in our next rate case.
Customer Tax Refund - In our 2017 Settlement, which became effective January 1, 2018, we agreed with our customers that if federal income tax rates decreased due to subsequent legislation, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Reform), we would record a regulatory liability. As a result of Tax Reform, the regulatory liability will be $23.6 million annually plus accrued interest ($7.7 million at December 31, 2021) for the period beginning January 1, 2018 and continuing through the time that our current rates remain effective.
Asset Retirement Obligations, net - This regulatory liability balance reflects the amount that we have recovered in our rates related to our future retirement costs offset by depreciation of the ARO asset and changes in the ARO liability due to the passage of time. AROs are expected to be fully recovered through the net negative salvage component of depreciation included in our rates (See Note 9. Asset Retirement Obligations).
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| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | ||||
None.
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | ||||
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our Senior Vice President and our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a—15(e) and 15d—15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended) (Disclosure Controls) or our internal control over financial reporting (Internal Controls) will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. We monitor our Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls and make modifications as necessary; our intent in this regard is that the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls will be modified as systems change and conditions warrant.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our Disclosure Controls was performed as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Senior Vice President and our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer. Based upon that evaluation, our Senior Vice President and our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that these Disclosure Controls are effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes during the fourth quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management regarding the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of our management; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Senior Vice President and our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of
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December 31, 2021, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
This annual report does not include a report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. A report by our registered public accounting firm is not required pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
| Item 9B. | Other Information | ||||
None.
PART III
Since we meet the conditions set forth in General Instruction (I)(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K, the information required by Items 10, 11, 12, and 13 is omitted.
| Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | ||||
Fees for professional services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in each of the last two fiscal years in each of the following categories are (in millions):
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Audit fees | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.6 | |||||||
| Audit-related fees | — | — | |||||||||
| Tax fees | — | — | |||||||||
| All other fees | — | — | |||||||||
| Total fees | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.6 | |||||||
Fees for audit services include fees associated with the annual audit, the reviews for our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, the reviews for other SEC and FERC filings, and accounting consultation.
As a wholly owned subsidiary of Williams, we do not have a separate audit committee. The Williams Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention, and oversight of Ernst & Young LLP (EY) as such appointment relates to us and Williams’ other affiliates. The Williams Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the determination of fees associated with EY’s audit of our financial statements. The Williams Audit Committee has established a policy regarding pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services provided by EY to Williams and its affiliates. On an ongoing basis, management presents specific projects and categories of service, including projects and categories of service relating to us, to the Williams Audit Committee to request advance approval. The Williams Audit Committee reviews those requests and advises management if the Williams Audit Committee approves the engagement of EY. On a periodic basis, management reports to the Williams Audit Committee regarding the actual spending for such projects and services compared to the approved amounts. The Williams Audit Committee may also delegate the authority to pre-approve audit and permitted non-audit services, excluding services related to internal control over financial reporting, to a subcommittee of one or more committee members, provided that any such pre-approvals are reported on at a subsequent Williams Audit Committee meeting.
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PART IV
| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | ||||
Page Reference to 2021 Form 10-K | |||||
| (a) 1. and 2. Northwest Pipeline LLC financial statements and schedules | |||||
| Index | |||||
| Covered by reports of independent auditors: | |||||
All other schedules have been omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the financial statements and notes thereto.
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(a) 3 and b. Exhibits:
| Exhibit | Description | |||||||
| 2 | ||||||||
| 3.1 | ||||||||
| 3.2 | ||||||||
| 4.1 | ||||||||
| 4.2 | ||||||||
| 10.1 | ||||||||
| 10.2 | ||||||||
| 10.3 | ||||||||
| 31.1* | ||||||||
| 31.2* | ||||||||
| 32** | ||||||||
| 101.INS* | XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. | |||||||
| 101.SCH* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. | |||||||
| 101.CAL* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. | |||||||
| 101.DEF* | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase | |||||||
| 101.LAB* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. | |||||||
| 101.PRE* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. | |||||||
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File. The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document (contained in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
| * | Filed herewith | ||||
| ** | Furnished herewith | ||||
| Item 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY | ||||
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Not applicable.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| NORTHWEST PIPELINE LLC | |||||||||||
| (Registrant) | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Billeigh W. Mark | ||||||||||
| Billeigh W. Mark | |||||||||||
| Controller | |||||||||||
Date: February 28, 2022
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | |||||||
| /s/ Scott A. Hallam | Management Committee Member and Senior Vice President (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||
| Scott A. Hallam | ||||||||
| /s/ Mary A. Hausman | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||
| Mary A. Hausman | ||||||||
| /s/ Billeigh W. Mark | Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||
| Billeigh W. Mark | ||||||||
Date: February 28, 2022