CREDIT CARD AND LOAN RECEIVABLES | 3. CREDIT CARD AND LOAN RECEIVABLES The Company’s credit card and loan receivables are the only portfolio segment or class of financing receivables. Quantitative information about the components of credit card and loan receivables is presented in the table below: September 30, December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Principal receivables $ 15,581.6 $ 15,754.0 Billed and accrued finance charges 785.9 708.6 Other 72.3 81.3 Total credit card and loan receivables 16,439.8 16,543.9 Less: Credit card receivables – restricted for securitization investors 11,304.4 11,437.1 Other credit card and loan receivables $ 5,135.4 $ 5,106.8 Allowance for Loan Loss The Company maintains an allowance for loan loss at a level that is appropriate to absorb probable losses inherent in credit card and loan receivables. The allowance for loan loss covers forecasted uncollectible principal as well as unpaid interest and fees. The allowance for loan loss is evaluated monthly for appropriateness. In estimating the allowance for principal loan losses, management utilizes a migration analysis of delinquent and current credit card and loan receivables. Migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a credit card or loan receivable will progress through the various stages of delinquency and to charge-off. The allowance is maintained through an adjustment to the provision for loan loss. Charge-offs of principal amounts, net of recoveries are deducted from the allowance. In estimating the allowance for uncollectible unpaid interest and fees, the Company utilizes historical charge-off trends, analyzing actual charge-offs for the prior three months. The allowance is maintained through an adjustment to finance charges, net. In evaluating the allowance for loan loss for both principal and unpaid interest and fees, management also considers factors that may impact loan loss experience, including seasoning and growth, account collection strategies, economic conditions, bankruptcy filings, policy changes, payment rates and forecasting uncertainties. The following table presents the Company’s allowance for loan loss for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 (In millions) Balance at beginning of period $ 1,069.3 $ 782.6 $ 948.0 $ 741.6 Provision for loan loss 204.7 251.3 807.9 651.0 Allowance associated with credit card and loan receivables transferred to held for sale (20.6) — (20.6) (15.0) Change in estimate for uncollectible unpaid interest and fees — 5.0 10.0 10.0 Recoveries 44.3 73.6 146.1 183.5 Principal charge-offs (263.9) (238.1) (857.6) (696.7) Balance at end of period $ 1,033.8 $ 874.4 $ 1,033.8 $ 874.4 Net charge-offs include the principal amount of losses from credit cardholders unwilling or unable to pay their account balances, as well as bankrupt and deceased credit cardholders, less recoveries and exclude charged-off interest, fees and fraud losses. Charged‑off interest and fees reduce finance charges, net while fraud losses are recorded as an expense. Credit card and loan receivables, including unpaid interest and fees, are charged-off in the month during which an account becomes 180 days contractually past due, except in the case of customer bankruptcies or death. Credit card and loan receivables, including unpaid interest and fees, associated with customer bankruptcies or death are charged-off in each month subsequent to 60 days after the receipt of notification of the bankruptcy or death, but in any case, not later than the 180-day contractual time frame. The Company records the actual charge-offs for unpaid interest and fees as a reduction to finance charges, net. Actual charge-offs for unpaid interest and fees were $152.2 million and $126.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $469.6 million and $355.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Delinquencies A credit card account is contractually delinquent if the Company does not receive the minimum payment by the specified due date on the cardholder’s statement. It is the Company’s policy to continue to accrue interest and fee income on all credit card accounts beyond 90 days, except in limited circumstances, until the credit card account balance and all related interest and other fees are paid or charged-off, typically at 180 days delinquent. When an account becomes delinquent, a message is printed on the credit cardholder’s billing statement requesting payment. After an account becomes 30 days past due, a proprietary collection scoring algorithm automatically scores the risk of the account becoming further delinquent. The collection system then recommends a collection strategy for the past due account based on the collection score and account balance and dictates the contact schedule and collections priority for the account. If the Company is unable to make a collection after exhausting all in-house collection efforts, the Company may engage collection agencies and outside attorneys to continue those efforts. The following table presents the delinquency trends of the Company’s credit card and loan receivables portfolio: September 30, % of December 31, % of 2017 Total 2016 Total (In millions, except percentages) Receivables outstanding - principal $ 15,581.6 100.0 % $ 15,754.0 100.0 % Principal receivables balances contractually delinquent: 31 to 60 days 269.9 1.7 % 249.8 1.6 % 61 to 90 days 186.9 1.2 169.3 1.1 91 or more days 389.5 2.5 337.8 2.1 Total $ 846.3 5.4 % $ 756.9 4.8 % Modified Credit Card Receivables The Company holds certain credit card receivables for which the terms have been modified. The Company’s modified credit card receivables include credit card receivables for which temporary hardship concessions have been granted and credit card receivables in permanent workout programs. These modified credit card receivables include concessions consisting primarily of a reduced minimum payment and an interest rate reduction. The temporary programs’ concessions remain in place for a period no longer than twelve months, while the permanent programs remain in place through the payoff of the credit card receivables if the credit cardholder complies with the terms of the program. These concessions do not include the forgiveness of unpaid principal, but may involve the reversal of certain unpaid interest or fee assessments. In the case of the temporary programs, at the end of the concession period, credit card receivable terms revert to standard rates. These arrangements are automatically terminated if the customer fails to make payments in accordance with the terms of the program, at which time their account reverts back to its original terms. Credit card receivables for which temporary hardship and permanent concessions were granted are each considered troubled debt restructurings and are collectively evaluated for impairment. Modified credit card receivables are evaluated at their present value with impairment measured as the difference between the credit card receivable balance and the discounted present value of cash flows expected to be collected. Consistent with the Company’s measurement of impairment of modified credit card receivables on a pooled basis, the discount rate used for credit card receivables is the average current annual percentage rate the Company applies to non-impaired credit card receivables, which approximates what would have been applied to the pool of modified credit card receivables prior to impairment. In assessing the appropriate allowance for loan loss, these modified credit card receivables are included in the general pool of credit card receivables with the allowance determined under the contingent loss model of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 450-20, “Loss Contingencies.” If the Company applied accounting under ASC 310-40, “Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” to the modified credit card receivables in these programs, there would not be a material difference in the allowance for loan loss. The Company had $242.7 million and $216.5 million, respectively, as a recorded investment in impaired credit card receivables with an associated allowance for loan loss of $54.5 million and $46.4 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. These modified credit card receivables represented less than 2% of the Company’s total credit card receivables as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The average recorded investment in impaired credit card receivables was $233.6 million and $196.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $222.3 million and $185.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Interest income on these modified credit card receivables is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing credit card receivables. Cash collections on these modified credit card receivables are allocated according to the same payment hierarchy methodology applied to credit card receivables that are not in such programs. The Company recognized $5.0 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $14.5 million and $13.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, in interest income associated with modified credit card receivables during the period that such credit card receivables were impaired. The following tables provide information on credit card receivables that are considered troubled debt restructurings as described above, which entered into a modification program during the specified periods: Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Pre-modification Post-modification Pre-modification Post-modification Number of Outstanding Outstanding Number of Outstanding Outstanding Restructurings Balance Balance Restructurings Balance Balance (Dollars in millions) Troubled debt restructurings – credit card receivables 53,305 $ 67.2 $ 67.1 146,177 $ 186.8 $ 186.6 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Pre-modification Post-modification Pre-modification Post-modification Number of Outstanding Outstanding Number of Outstanding Outstanding Restructurings Balance Balance Restructurings Balance Balance (Dollars in millions) Troubled debt restructurings – credit card receivables 53,041 $ 63.8 $ 63.7 151,069 $ 180.9 $ 180.7 The tables below summarize troubled debt restructurings that have defaulted in the specified periods where the default occurred within 12 months of their modification date: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 September 30, 2017 Number of Outstanding Number of Outstanding Restructurings Balance Restructurings Balance (Dollars in millions) Troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted – credit card receivables 24,267 $ 29.4 74,948 $ 91.0 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 September 30, 2016 Number of Outstanding Number of Outstanding Restructurings Balance Restructurings Balance (Dollars in millions) Troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted – credit card receivables 27,606 $ 31.3 75,828 $ 84.1 Age of Credit Card and Loan Receivable Accounts The following tables set forth, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the number of active credit card and loan receivable accounts with balances and the related principal balances outstanding, based upon the age of the active credit card and loan receivable accounts from origination: September 30, 2017 Percentage of Number of Percentage of Principal Principal Active Accounts Active Accounts Receivables Receivables Age of Accounts Since Origination with Balances with Balances Outstanding Outstanding (In millions, except percentages) 0-12 Months 6.5 27.7 % $ 3,434.5 22.0 % 13-24 Months 3.8 16.4 2,572.5 16.5 25-36 Months 2.9 12.5 2,255.4 14.5 37-48 Months 2.0 8.4 1,553.0 10.0 49-60 Months 1.5 6.2 1,135.9 7.3 Over 60 Months 6.7 28.8 4,630.3 29.7 Total 23.4 100.0 % $ 15,581.6 100.0 % December 31, 2016 Percentage of Number of Percentage of Principal Principal Active Accounts Active Accounts Receivables Receivables Age of Accounts Since Origination with Balances with Balances Outstanding Outstanding (In millions, except percentages) 0-12 Months 7.3 28.5 % $ 3,896.9 24.8 % 13-24 Months 4.1 15.8 2,618.2 16.6 25-36 Months 3.0 11.6 2,050.8 13.0 37-48 Months 2.0 8.0 1,436.8 9.1 49-60 Months 1.5 5.9 1,021.7 6.5 Over 60 Months 7.7 30.2 4,729.6 30.0 Total 25.6 100.0 % $ 15,754.0 100.0 % Credit Quality The Company uses proprietary scoring models developed specifically for the purpose of monitoring the Company’s obligor credit quality. The proprietary scoring models are used as a tool in the underwriting process and for making credit decisions. The proprietary scoring models are based on historical data and require various assumptions about future performance. Information regarding customer performance is factored into these proprietary scoring models to determine the probability of an account becoming 91 or more days past due at any time within the next 12 months. Obligor credit quality is monitored at least monthly during the life of an account. The following table reflects composition of the Company’s credit card and loan receivables by obligor credit quality as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Percentage of Percentage of Total Principal Principal Total Principal Principal Probability of an Account Becoming 91 or More Days Past Receivables Receivables Receivables Receivables Due or Becoming Charged-off (within the next 12 months) Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding (In millions, except percentages) No Score $ 120.2 0.8 % $ 183.8 1.2 % 27.1% and higher 1,296.3 8.3 1,168.0 7.4 17.1% - 27.0% 799.8 5.1 761.1 4.8 12.6% - 17.0% 1,052.3 6.7 820.9 5.2 3.7% - 12.5% 6,601.5 42.4 5,770.8 36.6 1.9% - 3.6% 2,741.3 17.6 3,444.9 21.9 Lower than 1.9% 2,970.2 19.1 3,604.5 22.9 Total $ 15,581.6 100.0 % $ 15,754.0 100.0 % Transfer of Financial Assets The Company originates loans under an agreement with one of its clients, and after origination, these loan receivables are sold to the client at par value plus accrued interest. These transfers qualify for sale treatment as they meet the conditions established in ASC 860-10, “Transfers and Servicing.” Following the sale, the client owns the loan receivables, bears the risk of loss in the event of loan defaults and is responsible for all servicing functions related to the loan receivables. The loan receivables originated by the Company that have not yet been sold to the client were $69.6 million and $67.6 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and are included in credit card and loan receivables held for sale in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The carrying value of these loan receivables approximates fair value due to the short duration between the date of origination and sale. Originations and sales of these loan receivables held for sale are reflected as operating activities in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon the client’s purchase of the originated loan receivables, the Company is obligated to purchase a participating interest in a pool of loan receivables that includes the loan receivables originated by the Company. Such interest participates on a pro rata basis in the cash flows of the underlying pool of loan receivables, including principal repayments, finance charges, losses and recoveries. The Company bears the risk of loss related to its participation interest in this pool. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company purchased $300.5 million and $259.2 million, respectively of loan receivables under these agreements. The total outstanding balance of these loan receivables was $315.7 million and $282.6 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and was included in other credit card and loan receivables in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Portfolios Held for Sale The Company has certain credit card portfolios held for sale, which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, of $819.1 million and $349.7 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. In the third quarter of 2017, the Company transferred five credit card portfolios totaling approximately $532.5 million into credit card and loan receivables held for sale. The portfolios were transferred at the net carrying amount, inclusive of the related reserves for losses of $20.6 million, as the fair value was estimated to be greater than the net carrying amount, and such amount will be the measurement basis until the sale of the portfolios. Portfolio Acquisitions During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company acquired four credit card portfolios for approximately $903.4 million, which consisted of approximately $823.1 million of credit card receivables, $87.7 million of intangible assets and a rewards liability of $7.4 million. Securitized Credit Card Receivables The Company regularly securitizes its credit card receivables through its credit card securitization trusts, consisting of World Financial Network Credit Card Master Trust, World Financial Network Credit Card Master Note Trust (“Master Trust I”) and World Financial Network Credit Card Master Trust III (“Master Trust III”) (collectively, the “WFN Trusts”), and World Financial Capital Credit Card Master Note Trust (the “WFC Trust”). The Company continues to own and service the accounts that generate credit card receivables held by the WFN Trusts and the WFC Trust. In its capacity as a servicer, each of the respective banks earns a fee from the WFN Trusts and the WFC Trust to service and administer the credit card receivables, collect payments and charge-off uncollectible receivables. These fees are eliminated and therefore are not reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The WFN Trusts and the WFC Trust are VIEs and the assets of these consolidated VIEs include certain credit card receivables that are restricted to settle the obligations of those entities and are not expected to be available to the Company or its creditors. The liabilities of the consolidated VIEs include non-recourse secured borrowings and other liabilities for which creditors or beneficial interest holders do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. The tables below present quantitative information about the components of total securitized credit card receivables, delinquencies and net charge-offs: September 30, December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Total credit card receivables – restricted for securitization investors $ 11,304.4 $ 11,437.1 Principal amount of credit card receivables – restricted for securitization investors, 91 days or more past due $ 268.7 $ 236.5 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 (In millions) Net charge-offs of securitized principal $ 179.9 $ 134.6 $ 542.3 $ 423.7 |