Stockholders' Equity | Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity Rollforward The following tables provide a rollforward of stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): AOCI (Loss) Retained Earnings Equinix Stockholders' Equity Non-controlling Interests Total Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance as of December 31, 2018 81,119,117 $ 81 (396,859 ) $ (145,161 ) $ 10,751,313 $ (3,331,200 ) $ (945,702 ) $ 889,948 $ 7,219,279 $ — $ 7,219,279 Adjustment from adoption of new accounting standard update — — — — — — — (5,973 ) (5,973 ) — (5,973 ) Net income (loss) — — — — — — — 118,078 118,078 (331 ) 117,747 Other comprehensive income — — — — — — 3,337 — 3,337 7 3,344 Issuance of common stock and release of treasury stock for employee equity awards 360,464 — 1,706 360 27,233 — — — 27,593 — 27,593 Issuance of common stock for equity offering 2,985,575 3 — — 1,213,431 — — — 1,213,434 — 1,213,434 Dividend distribution on common stock, $2.46 per share — — — — — (198,933 ) — — (198,933 ) — (198,933 ) Settlement of accrued dividends on vested equity awards — — — — 284 (387 ) — — (103 ) — (103 ) Accrued dividends on unvested equity awards — — — — — (2,395 ) — — (2,395 ) — (2,395 ) Stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures — — — — 50,795 — — — 50,795 — 50,795 Balance as of March 31, 2019 84,465,156 84 (395,153 ) (144,801 ) 12,043,056 (3,532,915 ) (942,365 ) 1,002,053 8,425,112 (324 ) 8,424,788 Net income — — — — — — — 143,527 143,527 325 143,852 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — (16,078 ) — (16,078 ) (14 ) (16,092 ) Issuance of common stock and release of treasury stock for employee equity awards 26,435 — 359 76 (76 ) — — — — — — Issuance of common stock under ATM Program 722,361 1 — — 348,120 — — — 348,121 — 348,121 Dividend distribution on common stock, $2.46 per share — — — — — (207,949 ) — — (207,949 ) — (207,949 ) Settlement of accrued dividends on vested equity awards — — — — 12 (33 ) — — (21 ) — (21 ) Accrued dividends on unvested equity awards — — — — — (2,972 ) — — (2,972 ) — (2,972 ) AOCI (Loss) Retained Earnings Equinix Stockholders' Equity Non-controlling Interests Total Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Shares Amount Shares Amount Stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures — — — — 59,502 — — — 59,502 — 59,502 Balance as of June 30, 2019 85,213,952 85 (394,794 ) (144,725 ) 12,450,614 (3,743,869 ) (958,443 ) 1,145,580 8,749,242 (13 ) 8,749,229 Net income — — — — — — — 120,850 120,850 (39 ) 120,811 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — (81,793 ) — (81,793 ) (28 ) (81,821 ) Issuance of common stock and release of treasury stock for employee equity awards 276,497 1 2,010 424 24,000 — — — 24,425 — 24,425 Issuance of common stock under ATM Program 181,194 — — — 99,421 — — — 99,421 — 99,421 Dividend distribution on common stock, $2.46 per share — — — — — (209,226 ) — — (209,226 ) — (209,226 ) Settlement of accrued dividends on vested equity awards — — — — 12 (230 ) — — (218 ) — (218 ) Accrued dividends on unvested equity awards — — — — — (2,993 ) — — (2,993 ) — (2,993 ) Stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures — — — — 61,403 — — — 61,403 — 61,403 Balance as of September 30, 2019 85,671,643 $ 86 (392,784 ) $ (144,301 ) $ 12,635,450 $ (3,956,318 ) $ (1,040,236 ) $ 1,266,430 $ 8,761,111 $ (80 ) $ 8,761,031 Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated AOCI (Loss) Retained Equinix Common Stock Treasury Stock Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance as of December 31, 2017 79,440,404 $ 79 (402,342 ) $ (146,320 ) $ 10,121,323 $ (2,592,792 ) $ (785,189 ) $ 252,689 $ 6,849,790 Adjustment from adoption of new accounting standard update — — — — — — (2,124 ) 271,900 269,776 Net income — — — — — — — 62,894 62,894 Other comprehensive income — — — — — — 69,144 — 69,144 Issuance of common stock and release of treasury stock for employee equity awards 416,512 1 2,957 625 25,221 — — — 25,847 Dividend distribution on common stock, $2.28 per share — — — — — (180,640 ) — — (180,640 ) Settlement of accrued dividends on vested equity awards — — — — 1,795 (530 ) — — 1,265 Accrued dividends on unvested equity awards — — — — — (2,216 ) — — (2,216 ) Stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures — — — — 44,691 — — — 44,691 Balance as of March 31, 2018 79,856,916 80 (399,385 ) (145,695 ) 10,193,030 (2,776,178 ) (718,169 ) 587,483 7,140,551 Net income — — — — — — — 67,618 67,618 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — (159,825 ) — (159,825 ) Issuance of common stock and release of treasury stock for employee equity awards 31,068 — 297 63 (50 ) — — — 13 Issuance of common stock under ATM Program 19,100 — — — 8,202 — — — 8,202 Dividend distribution on common stock, $2.28 per share — — — — — (181,207 ) — — (181,207 ) Settlement of accrued dividends on vested equity awards — — — — 103 (43 ) — — 60 Accrued dividends on unvested equity awards — — — — — (2,755 ) — — (2,755 ) Stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures — — — — 51,870 — — — 51,870 Balance as of June 30, 2018 79,907,084 80 (399,088 ) (145,632 ) 10,253,155 (2,960,183 ) (877,994 ) 655,101 6,924,527 Net income — — — — — — — 124,825 124,825 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — (44,154 ) — (44,154 ) Issuance of common stock and release of treasury stock for employee equity awards 268,086 — 1,968 416 23,827 — — — 24,243 Issuance of common stock under ATM Program 612,422 1 — — 265,671 — — — 265,672 Dividend distribution on common stock, $2.28 per share — — — — — (182,304 ) — — (182,304 ) Settlement of accrued dividends on vested equity awards — — — — 367 (263 ) — — 104 Accrued dividends on unvested equity awards — — — — — (2,680 ) — — (2,680 ) Stock-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures — — — — 49,940 — — — 49,940 Balance as of September 30, 2018 80,787,592 $ 81 (397,120 ) $ (145,216 ) $ 10,592,960 $ (3,145,430 ) $ (922,148 ) $ 779,926 $ 7,160,173 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by components are as follows (in thousands): Balance as of Net Change Balance as of Foreign currency translation adjustment ("CTA") loss $ (998,603 ) $ (341,484 ) $ (1,340,087 ) Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges (1) 19,480 19,086 38,566 Net investment hedge CTA gain (1) 34,325 227,890 262,215 Net actuarial loss on defined benefit plans (2) (904 ) (26 ) (930 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Equinix $ (945,702 ) $ (94,534 ) $ (1,040,236 ) (1) Refer to Note 6 for a discussion of the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income. (2) The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering all employees in one country where such plan is mandated by law. The Company does not have any defined benefit plans in any other countries. The unamortized gain (loss) on defined benefit plans includes gains or losses resulting from a change in the value of either the projected benefit obligation or the plan assets resulting from a change in an actuarial assumption, net of amortization. Changes in foreign currencies can have a significant impact to the Company's consolidated balance sheets (as evidenced above in the Company's foreign currency translation loss), as well as its consolidated results of operations, as amounts in foreign currencies are generally translated into more U.S. Dollars when the U.S. Dollar weakens or fewer U.S. Dollars when the U.S. Dollar strengthens. As of September 30, 2019 , the U.S. Dollar was generally stronger relative to certain of the currencies of the foreign countries in which the Company operates as compared to December 31, 2018. This overall strengthening of the U.S. Dollar had an overall unfavorable impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial position because the foreign denominations translated into fewer U.S. Dollars as evidenced by an increase in foreign currency translation loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as reflected in the above table. In future periods, the volatility of the U.S. Dollar as compared to the other currencies in which the Company operates could have a significant impact on its condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations including the amount of revenue that the Company reports in future periods. Common Stock In March 2019, the Company issued and sold 2,985,575 shares of common stock in a public offering pursuant to a registration statement and a related prospectus and prospectus supplement. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $1,213.4 million , net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. In August 2017, the Company established an "at-the-market" equity offering program (the "2017 ATM Program") under which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its common stock to or through sales agents up to an aggregate of $750.0 million . For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold 612,422 shares and 631,522 shares, respectively, under the 2017 ATM Program, for approximately $265.7 million and $273.9 million , respectively, net of payment of commissions to sales agents and other offering expenses. As of December 31, 2018, no shares remained available for sale under the 2017 ATM Program. In December 2018, the Company launched another ATM program, under which it may offer and sell from time to time up to an aggregate of $750.0 million of its common stock in "at the market" transactions (the "2018 ATM Program"). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 , the Company sold 181,194 shares and 903,555 shares, respectively, under the 2018 ATM program, for approximately $99.4 million and $447.5 million , respectively, net of payment of commissions to sales agents and other offering expenses. Stock-Based Compensation For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , the Compensation Committee and/or the Stock Award Committee of the Company's Board of Directors, as the case may be, approved the issuance of an aggregate of 736,303 shares of restricted stock units to certain employees, including executive officers, pursuant to the 2000 Equity Incentive Plan. These equity awards are subject to vesting provisions and have a weighted-average grant date fair value of $440.61 and a weighted-average requisite service period of 3.65 years. The valuation of restricted stock units with only a service condition or a service and performance condition requires no significant assumptions as the fair value for these types of equity awards is based solely on the fair value of the Company's stock price on the date of grant. The Company used revenues and adjusted funds from operations ("AFFO") per share as the performance measurements in the restricted stock units with both service and performance conditions that were granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 . The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation option-pricing model to determine the fair value of restricted stock units with a service and market condition. The Company used total shareholder return ("TSR") as the performance measurement in the restricted stock units with a service and market condition that were granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 . There were no significant changes in the assumptions used to determine the fair value of restricted stock units with a service and market condition that were granted in 2019 compared to the prior year. The following table presents, by operating expense category, the Company's stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 Cost of revenues $ 7,104 $ 4,600 $ 18,616 $ 13,106 Sales and marketing 15,794 14,166 44,252 39,980 General and administrative 40,973 28,822 111,545 86,763 Total $ 63,871 $ 47,588 $ 174,413 $ 139,849 |