Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Notes to Financial Statements | |
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | a) | Basis of Presentation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in United States (“US GAAP”) and are expressed in U.S. dollars. The Company’s fiscal year-end is December 31. |
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The foregoing audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for consolidated financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-K as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements include all of the disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the audited consolidated financial statements furnished herein include all adjustments, all of which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the period presented. |
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b) | Basis of Consolidation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The financial statements presented herein reflect the consolidated financial results of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Viking Investments Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. |
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c) | Use of Estimates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and timing of revenues and expenses, the reported amounts and classification of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company’s actual results could vary materially from management’s estimates and assumptions. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to the determination of expected tax rates for future income tax recoveries, stock-based compensation and impairment of long-term investment. |
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d) | Financial Instruments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ASC Topic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 820-10, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for other receivables, other payable, accrued liabilities, short term loan and due to director each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows: |
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· | Level 1: inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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· | Level 2: inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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· | Level 3: inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are classified below based on the three fair value hierarchy described above: |
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| | 31-Dec | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
| | Carrying | | | Estimated Fair Value | | | Carrying | | | Estimated Fair Value | |
Value | Value |
Financial Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash | | $ | 1,345 | | | | 1,345 | | | $ | 12,239 | | | | 12,239 | |
Other receivables | | | - | | | | - | | | | 9,641 | | | | 9,641 | |
Long term investment | | | 247,444 | | | | 68,128 | | | | | | | | | |
Petroleum and natural gas rights | | | 335,964 | | | | 335,964 | | | | | | | | | |
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Financial Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other payable | | | 96,945 | | | | 96,945 | | | | 2,865 | | | | 2,865 | |
Accrued liabilities | | | 39,314 | | | | 39,314 | | | | 110,247 | | | | 110,247 | |
Amount due to directors | | | 326,439 | | | | 326,439 | | | | 77,715 | | | | 77,715 | |
Convertible notes | | | - | | | | - | | | | 62,000 | | | | 115,246 | |
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The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash, other receivables, other payable, accrued liabilities, and amount due to directors approximate their fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. |
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The fair value of the long term investment and petroleum and natural gas rights were recorded as of December 31, 2014. |
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e) | Cash | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Cash includes bank deposits and cash on hand. |
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f) | Loss per Share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and, adjusted by any effects of warrants and options outstanding, if dilutive, that may add to the number of common shares during the period. There were no common stock equivalent shares outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013 that have been included in the diluted loss per share calculation as the effects would have been anti-dilutive. |
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g) | Revenue Recognition | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Revenues from contracts for consulting services with fees based on time and materials are recognized as the services are performed and amounts are earned in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (“SAB 101”), as amended by SAB No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB 104”). The Company considers amounts to be earned once evidence of an arrangement has been obtained, services are delivered, fees are fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. In such contracts, the Company’s efforts, measured by time incurred, typically represent the contractual milestones or output measure, which is the contractual earnings pattern. For consulting contracts with fixed fees, the Company recognizes revenues in accordance with contract terms, and when the services are delivered, price is determinable and the revenue is earned or collectable. |
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h) | Comprehensive Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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FASB ASC 220 “Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the consolidated financial statements. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, comprehensive loss was $830,737 and $517,716, respectively. |
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i) | Income Taxes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB Codification Topic 740-10-25 (“ASC 740-10-25”). Under ASC 740-10-25, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740-10-25, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets likely. The Company did not incur any material impact to its financial condition or results of operations due to the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company is subject to U.S federal jurisdiction income tax examinations for the tax years 2006 through 2014. In addition, the Company is subject to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 2006 through 2014. |
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j) | Stock-Based Compensation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company may issue stock options to employees and stock options or warrants to non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company has adopted ASC Topic 718 (formerly SFAS 123R), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”, which establishes a fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation plans. In accordance with guidance now incorporated in ASC Topic 718, the cost of stock options and warrants issued to employees and non-employees is measured on the grant date based on the fair value. The fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The resulting amount is charged to expense on the straight-line basis over the period in which the Company expects to receive the benefit, which is generally the vesting period. |
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The fair value of stock warrants was determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option model requires management to make various estimates and assumptions, including expected term, expected volatility, risk-free rate, and dividend yield. The expected term represents the period of time that stock-based compensation awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is estimated based on considerations including the vesting period, contractual term and anticipated employee exercise patterns. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in relation to the contractual life of stock-based compensation instrument. The dividend yield assumption is based on historical patterns and future expectations for the Company dividends. |
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k) | Leasehold Improvements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Costs include expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. Amortization is recognized in the statement of operations over the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the following annual rate and method: |
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| Leasehold Improvements | Straight line over period of lease | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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l) | Long-term Investment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Management determines the appropriate classification of investment securities at the time of purchase. Securities are classified held-to-maturity when the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost. Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. Securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value, the changes in the market value of available-for-sale securities, excluding other-than-temporary impairments, are reflected in Other Comprehensive Income, with the impairment losses, net of income taxes, charged to net income in the period in which it occurs. |
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The fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities. |
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Impairments that are considered other-than-temporary are recognized as a loss in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company considers various factors in reviewing impairments, including the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the Company’s cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. |
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As at December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had no trading and held-to-maturity securities. |
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On September 9, 2014, the Company subscribed for 1,265,593 units of Tanager Energy Inc. (“Tanager”), a Canadian mining company listed on the Canadian TSX Venture Exchange as a Tier 2 company and trading under the stock symbol “TAN,” at a price of C$0.08 per unit. Each unit consists of one share of Tanager’s common stock and one warrant. Each warrant entitles the Company to subscribe for one additional Common Share at a price of C$0.15 at any time until October 5, 2016. The Warrants expire on October 5, 2016. The total price for the units subscribed is C$101,247.47. The Company paid US$92,000, which was equivalent to C$101,247.47 on September 11, 2014. |
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On October 6, 2014, the Company subscribed for an additional 2,187,500 units of Tanager at a price of C$0.08 per unit. Each unit consists of one share of Tanager’s common stock and one warrant. Each warrant entitles the Company to subscribe for one additional Common Share at a price of $ 0.15 at any time until October 5, 2016. The Warrants expire on October 5, 2016. The total price for the units subscribed is C$175,000. The Company paid US$155,444, which was equivalent to C$175,000 on October 17, 2014. |
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The Company’s investment in Tanager is considered as “available-for-sale” securities, and an unrealized loss of $179,316 was recorded in other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2014. |
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The Company’s long-term investment in the China Wood Shares was written off as of December 31, 2011, and repurchased by Viking Nevis on August 15, 2013. See Note 3 for more information regarding the China Wood Shares. |
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m) | Impairment of long-lived assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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In accordance with ASC 360, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets", the Company is required to review its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. |
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Assets are grouped and evaluated at the lowest level for their identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to the future estimated cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally determined by using the asset's expected future discounted cash flows or market value. The Company estimates fair value of the assets based on certain assumptions such as budgets, internal projections, and other available information as considered necessary. There is no impairment of long-lived assets during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
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n) | Foreign Currency Exchange | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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An entity's functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates, normally that is the currency of the environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. Management's judgment is essential to determine the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements. Functional currency of the parent company is U.S. Dollar. The reporting currency of the Company is U.S. Dollar, and the functional currency of its PRC operation is RMB. PRC is the primary economic environment in which the Representative Office operates. The reporting currency of these consolidated financial statements is the U.S. Dollar. |
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For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of the Company's Representative Office which is prepared using the RMB are translated into the Company's reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average rates prevailing during each reporting period, and shareholders' equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders' equity. |
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o) | Convertible Notes Payable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company accounts for conversion options embedded in convertible notes in accordance with ASC 815. ASC 815 generally requires companies to bifurcate conversion options embedded in convertible notes from their host instruments and to account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments. |
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The Company has evaluated the terms and conditions of the convertible note under the guidance of ASC 815. The conversion feature did not meet the definition of “indexed to a company’s own stock” provided for in ASC 815 due to the down round protection feature. Therefore, the conversion feature requires bifurcation and liability classification. Additionally, the default put requires bifurcation because it is indexed to risks that are not associated with credit or interest risk. As a result, the compound embedded derivative comprises of (i) the embedded conversion feature and (i) the default put. Rather than bifurcating and recording the compound embedded derivative as a derivative liability, the Company elected to initially and subsequently measure the convertible note in its entirety at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings in accordance with ASC 815-15-25-4. |
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p) | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments do not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. However, the amendments require an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income but only if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. The adoption of ASU 2013-02 has no material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations |
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In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matter (Topic 830): Parent’s accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon the recognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The amendments in this Update are effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity elects to early adopt the amendments, it should apply them as of the beginning of the entity’s fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2013-05 has no material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. |
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In April 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-07, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205): Liquidation Basis of Accounting. The amendments require an entity to present its financial statements using the liquidation basis of accounting when liquidation is imminent unless the liquidation follows a plan that was specified in the entity’s governing documents at the entity’s inception. Liquidation is imminent when the likelihood is remote that the entity will return from liquidation and either (a) a plan for liquidation is approved by the person or persons with the authority to make such a plan effective or (b) a plan for liquidation is being imposed by other forces. The amendments require financial statements prepared using the liquidation basis of accounting to present relevant information about an entity’s expected resources in liquidation by measuring and presenting assets at the amount of the expected cash proceeds from liquidation. The amendments in this Update are effective for entities that determine liquidation is imminent during annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013, and interim reporting periods therein. Entities should apply the requirements prospectively from the day that liquidation becomes imminent. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2013-07 has no material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. This guidance states that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2013-11 has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. |
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q) | Recent Accounting Pronouncements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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On April 10, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, “Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” (“ASU 2014-08”). The guidance amends the guidance in FASB Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 205, Presentation of Financial Statements, and FASB ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, to change the definition of discontinued operations and the criteria for reporting discontinued operations and require expanded disclosures about discontinued operations. A discontinued operation may include a component or group of components of an entity, or a business or nonprofit activity. In accordance with the new guidance, only disposals that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the entity’s operations and financial results would qualify as discontinued operations. In addition, ASU 2014-08 (a) expands the disclosure requirements for disposals that meet the definition of a discontinued operation; (b) requires entities to disclose information about disposals of individually significant components that do not meet the definition of discontinued operations, and (c) conforms the definition of “discontinued operations” similarly to how it is defined under IFRS 5, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations .The amendments in this update are effective in the first quarter of 2015. The adoption of ASU 2014-08 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 with the intent of significantly enhancing comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities and industries. The new standard provides a single principles-based, five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers and introduces new, increased disclosure requirements. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016 and may be applied on either a full or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new standard to the Company's consolidated financial statements. |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, an update on stock compensation. The guideline requires performance targets, which affect vesting and can be achieved after the requisite service period, to be treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. If achievement of the performance target becomes probable before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period. The amendments are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect these changes to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements |
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In August 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-15 with the intent of defining management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016 and may be applied on either a full or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect these changes to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |