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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-15605
EARTHLINK, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | | 58-2511877 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1375 Peachtree St., Atlanta, Georgia | | 30309 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(404) 815-0770
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report date)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x | | Accelerated filer o | | Non-accelerated filer o | | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No x
As of October 29, 2008, 108,362,551 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, were outstanding.
Table of Contents
EARTHLINK, INC.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
PART I
Item 1. Financial Statements.
EARTHLINK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
| | December 31, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | | | (unaudited) | |
ASSETS |
Current assets: | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 173,827 | | $ | 432,539 | |
Investments in marketable securities | | 93,204 | | — | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $6,422 and $4,486 as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively | | 41,483 | | 28,198 | |
Prepaid expenses | | 7,747 | | 7,603 | |
Current assets of discontinued operations | | 6,744 | | 1,076 | |
Other current assets | | 12,999 | | 14,800 | |
Total current assets | | 336,004 | | 484,216 | |
Long-term investments in marketable securities | | 21,564 | | 52,428 | |
Property and equipment, net | | 57,300 | | 42,911 | |
Investments in other companies | | 62,923 | | 14,129 | |
Purchased intangible assets, net | | 46,276 | | 36,581 | |
Goodwill | | 202,277 | | 186,066 | |
Other long-term assets | | 8,149 | | 6,391 | |
Total assets | | $ | 734,493 | | $ | 822,722 | |
| | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Trade accounts payable | | $ | 28,808 | | $ | 14,875 | |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | | 32,055 | | 29,810 | |
Other accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | 66,930 | | 51,141 | |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | | 15,930 | | 372 | |
Deferred revenue | | 44,626 | | 36,097 | |
Total current liabilities | | 188,349 | | 132,295 | |
| | | | | |
Long-term debt | | 258,750 | | 258,750 | |
Other long-term liabilities | | 25,921 | | 19,896 | |
Total liabilities | | 473,020 | | 410,941 | |
| | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | |
Convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008 | | — | | — | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000 shares authorized, 186,490 and 188,104 shares issued as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively, and 110,547 and 108,356 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively | | 1,865 | | 1,881 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | 2,047,268 | | 2,071,033 | |
Accumulated deficit | | (1,184,119 | ) | (1,021,743 | ) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 75,943 and 79,748 shares as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively | | (602,564 | ) | (634,420 | ) |
Unrealized losses on investments | | (977 | ) | (4,970 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | | 261,473 | | 411,781 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 734,493 | | $ | 822,722 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands, except per share data) | |
| | (unaudited) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 297,992 | | $ | 230,831 | | $ | 934,005 | | $ | 739,508 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Operating costs and expenses: | | | | | | | | | |
Service and equipment costs | | 105,954 | | 86,917 | | 324,344 | | 275,626 | |
Sales incentives | | 3,801 | | 699 | | 13,515 | | 2,029 | |
Total cost of revenues | | 109,755 | | 87,616 | | 337,859 | | 277,655 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Sales and marketing | | 71,584 | | 22,191 | | 246,653 | | 78,913 | |
Operations and customer support | | 54,561 | | 34,048 | | 174,525 | | 106,914 | |
General and administrative | | 28,652 | | 23,316 | | 101,344 | | 72,010 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | 3,836 | | 3,153 | | 10,874 | | 11,153 | |
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs | | 34,162 | | 1,078 | | 34,162 | | 4,169 | |
Total operating costs and expenses | | 302,550 | | 171,402 | | 905,417 | | 550,814 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from operations | | (4,558 | ) | 59,429 | | 28,588 | | 188,694 | |
Net losses of equity affiliate | | (41,895 | ) | — | | (111,295 | ) | — | |
Gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net | | (5,810 | ) | 4,352 | | (5,600 | ) | 5,677 | |
Interest income (expense) and other, net | | 4,182 | | (490 | ) | 11,282 | | 366 | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | (48,081 | ) | 63,291 | | (77,025 | ) | 194,737 | |
Income tax benefit (provision) | | 30 | | (7,924 | ) | (365 | ) | (23,923 | ) |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | (48,051 | ) | 55,367 | | (77,390 | ) | 170,814 | |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | | (31,330 | ) | (681 | ) | (48,243 | ) | (8,438 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (79,381 | ) | $ | 54,686 | | $ | (125,633 | ) | $ | 162,376 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Basic net income (loss) per share | | | | | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | (0.39 | ) | $ | 0.50 | | $ | (0.63 | ) | $ | 1.55 | |
Discontinued operations | | (0.26 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.08 | ) |
Basic net income (loss) per share | | $ | (0.65 | ) | $ | 0.50 | | $ | (1.02 | ) | $ | 1.48 | |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | | 121,864 | | 110,153 | | 122,772 | | 109,895 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income (loss) per share | | | | | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | (0.39 | ) | $ | 0.49 | | $ | (0.63 | ) | $ | 1.53 | |
Discontinued operations | | (0.26 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.39 | ) | (0.08 | ) |
Diluted net income (loss) per share | | $ | (0.65 | ) | $ | 0.49 | | $ | (1.02 | ) | $ | 1.46 | |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | | 121,864 | | 112,039 | | 122,772 | | 111,534 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | (unaudited) | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (125,633 | ) | $ | 162,376 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash | | | | | |
provided by operating activities: | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 40,803 | | 29,388 | |
Loss on disposals and impairments of fixed assets | | 15,054 | | 6,255 | |
Net losses of equity affiliate | | 111,295 | | — | |
Loss (gain) on investments in other companies, net | | 5,600 | | (5,677 | ) |
Stock-based compensation | | 15,138 | | 14,319 | |
Income taxes | | 206 | | 15,968 | |
Other adjustments | | (51 | ) | — | |
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net | | (1,588 | ) | 13,269 | |
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets | | 442 | | (6,466 | ) |
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities | | (976 | ) | (45,491 | ) |
Decrease in deferred revenue | | (5,797 | ) | (9,364 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | 54,493 | | 174,577 | |
| | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | |
Purchases of property and equipment | | (42,317 | ) | (3,877 | ) |
Purchases of subscriber bases | | (6,501 | ) | (880 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets | | 36 | | — | |
Investments in marketable securities: | | | | | |
Purchases | | (337,835 | ) | (53,027 | ) |
Sales and maturities | | 335,701 | | 109,929 | |
Investments in and net advances to/from equity affiliate | | (48,913 | ) | 65 | |
Proceeds received from investments in other companies | | 1,417 | | 57,070 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | (98,412 | ) | 109,280 | |
| | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | |
Principal payments under capital lease obligations | | (149 | ) | (2,698 | ) |
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and other | | 5,676 | | 7,985 | |
Repurchases of common stock | | (24,972 | ) | (31,857 | ) |
Other financing activities | | — | | 1,425 | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | (19,445 | ) | (25,145 | ) |
| | | | | |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | | (63,364 | ) | 258,712 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | 158,369 | | 173,827 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 95,005 | | $ | 432,539 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED
1. Organization
EarthLink, Inc. (“EarthLink” or the “Company”) is an Internet service provider (“ISP”), providing nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to individual and business customers. The Company’s primary service offerings include dial-up Internet access, high-speed Internet access and web hosting services. The Company also provides value-added services, such as search, advertising and ancillary services sold as add-on features to the Company’s Internet access services. In addition, through the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, New Edge Networks, the Company provides secure multi-site managed data networks and dedicated Internet access for businesses and communications carriers.
The Company operates two reportable segments, Consumer Services and Business Services. The Company’s Consumer Services segment provides Internet access and related value-added services to individual customers. These services include dial-up and high-speed Internet access and voice services, among others. The Company’s Business Services segment provides Internet access and related value-added services to businesses and communications carriers. These services include managed data networks, dedicated Internet access and web hosting, among others. For further information concerning the Company’s business segments, see Note 14, “Segment Information.”
2. Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of EarthLink, which include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 and the related footnote information are unaudited and have been prepared on a basis consistent with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Annual Report”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments), which management considers necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2008.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Discontinued Operations
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the Company has reflected its municipal wireless broadband results of operations as discontinued operations for all periods presented. See Note 5, “Discontinued Operations,” for further discussion.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2008, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Staff Position No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments that May be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion” (“FSP APB 14-1”). FSP APB 14-1 requires that the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects an issuer’s non-convertible debt borrowing rate. The resulting debt discount is amortized over the period the convertible debt is expected to be outstanding as additional non-cash interest expense. FSP APB 14-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Retrospective application to all periods presented is required except for instruments that were not outstanding during any of the periods that will be presented in the annual financial statements for the period of adoption but were outstanding during an earlier period. The adoption of FSP APB 14-1 will affect the accounting for the Company’s Convertible Senior Notes due November 15, 2026, which were issued in November 2006, and will result in increased non-cash interest expense. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements.
Also in May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States (the GAAP hierarchy). SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the Securities and Exchange Commission’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 162 to have a material impact on its financial statements.
3. Earnings per Share
Net income (loss) per share has been computed according to SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). Basic EPS represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during a reported period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, including stock options, warrants, restricted stock units, phantom share units and convertible debt (collectively “Common Stock Equivalents”), were exercised or converted into common stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, warrants, restricted stock units and convertible debt is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. Phantom share units are reflected on an if-converted basis. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise and the amounts of average unrecognized compensation cost attributed to future services.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | September 30, 2008 | |
| | (in thousands, except per share data) | |
| | | | | |
Numerator | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | | $ | 55,367 | | $ | 170,814 | |
Loss from discontinued operations | | (681 | ) | (8,438 | ) |
Net income | | $ | 54,686 | | $ | 162,376 | |
| | | | | |
Denominator | | | | | |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | | 110,153 | | 109,895 | |
Dilutive effect of Common Stock Equivalents | | 1,886 | | 1,639 | |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | | 112,039 | | 111,534 | |
| | | | | |
Basic net income per share | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | 0.50 | | $ | 1.55 | |
Discontinued operations | | (0.01 | ) | (0.08 | ) |
Basic net income per share | | $ | 0.50 | | $ | 1.48 | |
| | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | | | | |
Continuing operations | | $ | 0.49 | | $ | 1.53 | |
Discontinued operations | | (0.01 | ) | (0.08 | ) |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.49 | | $ | 1.46 | |
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, approximately 8.0 million and 8.7 million, respectively, options and restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the exercise prices plus the amount of unrecognized compensation cost attributed to future services exceeded the Company’s average stock price during the period. Approximately 28.4 million shares that underlie the Company’s convertible debt instruments were also excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the exercise price exceeded the Company’s average stock price during the period. These securities could be dilutive in future periods.
The Company has not included the effect of Common Stock Equivalents in the calculation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 because such inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect due to the Company’s net loss. As of September 30, 2007, the Company had 19.9 million options outstanding, 2.4 million restricted stock units outstanding and 28.5 million warrants outstanding.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
4. Facility Exit, Restructuring and Other Costs
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
2007 Restructuring Plan | | $ | 34,162 | | $ | 1,159 | | $ | 34,162 | | $ | 4,421 | |
Legacy Restructuring Plans | | — | | (81 | ) | — | | (252 | ) |
| | $ | 34,162 | | $ | 1,078 | | $ | 34,162 | | $ | 4,169 | |
2007 Restructuring Plan
In August 2007, EarthLink adopted a restructuring plan (the “2007 Plan”) to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of the Company’s operations. The 2007 Plan was the result of a comprehensive review of operations within and across the Company’s functions and businesses. Under the 2007 Plan, the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 900 employees, closed office facilities in Orlando, Florida; Knoxville, Tennessee; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and San Francisco, California and is consolidating its office facilities in Atlanta, Georgia and Pasadena, California. The 2007 Plan was primarily implemented during the latter half of 2007 and is expected to be completed during 2008. In connection with the 2007 Plan, the Company expects to record total costs of approximately $76.0 to $83.0 million, including $31.0 million for severance and personnel-related costs, $17.0 to $22.0 million for lease termination and facilities-related costs, $26.0 to $28.0 million for non-cash asset impairments and $2.0 million for other associated costs.
The following table summarizes facility exit and restructuring costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and the cumulative costs incurred to date as a result of the 2007 Plan. Such costs have been classified as facility exit, restructuring and other costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
| | | | | | Cumulative | |
| | Three Months | | Nine Months | | Costs | |
| | Ended | | Ended | | Incurred | |
| | September 30, 2008 | | September 30, 2008 | | To Date | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | |
Severance and personnel-related costs | | $ | — | | $ | 474 | | $ | 30,777 | |
Lease termination and facilities-related costs | | 1,347 | | 3,352 | | 15,568 | |
Non-cash asset impairments | | 201 | | 514 | | 21,135 | |
Other associated costs | | (389 | ) | 81 | | 1,212 | |
| | $ | 1,159 | | $ | 4,421 | | $ | 68,692 | |
Management continues to evaluate EarthLink’s business and, therefore, may have supplemental provisions for new plan initiatives as well as changes in estimates to amounts previously recorded, as payments are made or actions are completed.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
The following table summarizes activity for the liability balances associated with the 2007 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, including changes during the period attributable to costs incurred and charged to expense and costs paid or otherwise settled:
| | Severance | | | | Asset | | Other | | | |
| | and Benefits | | Facilities | | Impairments | | Costs | | Total | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Balance as of December 31, 2007 | | $ | 12,041 | | $ | 16,124 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 28,165 | |
Accruals | | 474 | | 3,352 | | 514 | | 81 | | 4,421 | |
Payments | | (12,502 | ) | (4,638 | ) | — | | (81 | ) | (17,221 | ) |
Non-cash charges | | — | | 1,062 | | (514 | ) | — | | 548 | |
Balance as of September 30, 2008 | | $ | 13 | | $ | 15,900 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 15,913 | |
Facility exit and restructuring liabilities due within one year of the balance sheet date are classified as other accounts payable and accrued liabilities and facility exit and restructuring liabilities due after one year are classified as other long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Of the unpaid balance as of September 30, 2008, approximately $5.2 million associated with the 2007 Plan was classified as other accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $10.7 million was classified as other long-term liabilities.
Legacy Restructuring Plans
EarthLink periodically evaluates and adjusts its estimates for facility exit and restructuring costs for legacy restructuring plans based on currently-available information. Such adjustments are included as facility exit, restructuring and other costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, EarthLink recorded $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in reductions to facility exit, restructuring and other costs as a result of changes in estimates for legacy restructuring plans.
5. Discontinued Operations
In November 2007, management concluded that its municipal wireless broadband operations were no longer consistent with the Company’s strategic direction and the Company’s Board of Directors authorized management to pursue the divestiture of the Company’s municipal wireless broadband assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company transferred its municipal wireless broadband networks to the cities of Corpus Christi, TX and Milpitas, CA in exchange for releasing the Company from its existing network agreements. The Company also transferred its municipal wireless broadband networks in the city of Philadelphia, PA to a local Philadelphia company. Additionally, the Company terminated its municipal wireless broadband service in New Orleans, LA and Anaheim, CA and removed its network equipment from those cities. As of September 30, 2008, the divestiture of the Company’s municipal wireless broadband assets was substantially complete.
The Company classified its municipal wireless broadband assets as held for sale in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and presented the municipal wireless broadband results of operations as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The municipal wireless broadband results of operations were previously included in the Consumer Services segment.
The Company recorded impairment and other costs of $6.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 related to the municipal wireless broadband operations, including $2.6 million for non-cash asset impairments and other non-cash charges; $0.3 million for severance and personnel-related costs; and $3.2 million for other associated costs. These charges are reflected within discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
The following table presents summarized results of operations related to the Company’s discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Revenues | | $ | 771 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 1,368 | | $ | 1,306 | |
Operating costs and expenses | | (11,443 | ) | (842 | ) | (28,953 | ) | (4,534 | ) |
Impairment and other costs | | (20,658 | ) | (128 | ) | (20,658 | ) | (6,081 | ) |
Income tax benefit | | — | | 271 | | — | | 871 | |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | | $ | (31,330 | ) | $ | (681 | ) | $ | (48,243 | ) | $ | (8,438 | ) |
The assets of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of property and equipment and the liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of accruals for purchases of property and equipment. As of September 30, 2008, the divestiture of the Company’s municipal wireless broadband assets was substantially complete and only a minimal amount of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations remained. Pursuant to SFAS No. 144, the assets as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008 were reported at their estimated fair value less costs to sell and were no longer being depreciated.
6. Investments
Investments in marketable securities
Investments in marketable securities are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” The Company has invested in government agency notes, asset-backed debt securities (including auction rate securities), corporate notes and commercial paper, all of which bear a minimum short-term rating of A1/P1 or a minimum long-term rating of A/A2. All investments with original maturities greater than 90 days are classified as investments in marketable securities. Investments in marketable securities with maturities less than one year from the balance sheet date are considered short-term investments in marketable securities. Investments in marketable securities with maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date are considered long-term investments in marketable securities. Long-term investments in marketable securities as of September 30, 2008 also include investments in asset-backed, auction rate securities with interest rate reset periods of 90 days or less but whose underlying agreements have original maturities of more than 90 days. These investments were included in short-term investments in marketable securities as of December 31, 2007.
The Company has classified all short- and long-term investments in marketable securities as available-for-sale. The Company may or may not hold its investments in marketable securities until maturity. In response to changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative investments as well as liquidity requirements, the Company occasionally sells its investments in marketable securities prior to their stated maturities. Available for sale securities are carried at fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in unrealized gains (losses) on investments as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and in total comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2007, gross unrealized gains were $0.1 million and gross unrealized losses were nominal. As of September 30, 2008, gross unrealized losses were $5.3 million and there were no gross unrealized gains. The Company believes its gross unrealized losses are temporary impairments as management has the intent and ability to hold these investments until maturity or until the market price fully recovers, at which time the Company would expect to receive the amortized cost basis of the investments based on the underlying contractual arrangement.
As of September 30, 2008, the Company’s long-term investments in marketable securities included auction rate securities with a par value of $57.8 million and a fair value of $52.4 million. Beginning in February 2008, auctions for these securities failed to attract sufficient buyers, resulting in the Company continuing to hold
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
such securities. Accordingly, the Company began classifying these securities as long-term investments in marketable securities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet due to uncertainty surrounding the timing of a market recovery. These securities are variable-rate debt instruments whose underlying agreements have contractual maturities of up to 40 years, but have interest rate reset periods at pre-determined intervals, usually every 28 days. These securities are predominantly secured by student loans guaranteed by state related higher education agencies and reinsured by the United States Department of Education. As a result of temporary declines in the fair value of the Company’s auction rate securities, which the Company attributes to liquidity issues rather than credit issues, it has recorded an unrealized loss of $5.3 million as of September 30, 2008. The Company will continue to evaluate the fair value of its investments in auction rate securities each reporting period for a potential other-than-temporary impairment.
In October 2008, EarthLink entered into an agreement with the broker that sold the Company its auction rate securities that gives the Company the right to sell its existing auction rate securities back to the broker at par plus accrued interest, beginning on June 30, 2010 until July 2, 2012. The agreement also grants the broker the right to buy the Company’s auction rate securities at par plus accrued interest, until July 2, 2012.
Investments in other companies
Investments in other companies consisted of the following as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008:
| | As of | | As of | |
| | December 31, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Investments stated at fair value | | $ | 52,923 | | $ | 4,829 | |
Investments stated at cost | | 10,000 | | 9,300 | |
Total investments in other companies | | $ | 62,923 | | $ | 14,129 | |
The Company accounts for minority investments in other companies under the cost method of accounting and classifies investments in other companies which are publicly traded as available-for-sale securities. Accordingly, the Company adjusts the carrying values of those investments to market value through unrealized gains (losses) included in stockholders’ equity and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2007, gross unrealized losses were $1.1 million and there were no gross unrealized gains. As of September 30, 2008, gross unrealized gains were $0.4 million and there were no gross unrealized losses.
The Company’s investments in other companies as of December 31, 2007 included $5.3 million for 6.1 million shares of Covad Communications Group, LLC (“Covad”) common stock and $47.5 million aggregate principal amount of 12% Senior Secured Convertible Notes due 2011 (the “Covad Notes”), including accrued and unpaid interest. In April 2008, Platinum Equity, LLC acquired all outstanding shares of Covad. Upon closing of the transaction, a change of control of Covad occurred, resulting in Covad’s repurchase of all Covad Notes held by EarthLink at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest. As a result, the Company received cash of $50.8 million for the aggregate principal amount of the Covad Notes plus accrued interest and received cash of $6.3 million for the 6.1 million shares of common stock. The Company recognized a gain of $2.0 million based on its cost basis of the Covad common stock, which was classified as gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company received $1.2 million and $1.4 million in cash distributions, respectively, from eCompanies Venture Group, L.P. (“EVG”), a limited partnership that has invested in domestic emerging Internet-related companies, which was classified as gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
Management regularly evaluates the recoverability of its investments in other companies based on the performance and the financial position of those companies as well as other evidence of market value. Such evaluation includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the investee’s cash position, recent financings, projected and historical financial performance, cash flow forecasts and financing needs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $7.0 million and during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 the Company recognized an impairment loss of $0.7 million due to other-than-temporary declines of the value of its investments in other companies. These losses were classified within gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment in equity affiliate
The Company had a joint venture with SK Telecom Co., Ltd. (“SK Telecom”), HELIO. HELIO was a non-facilities-based mobile virtual network operator (“MVNO”) offering mobile communications services and handsets to U.S. consumers. HELIO was formed in March 2005 and began offering its products and services in April 2006. As of December 31, 2007, EarthLink had an approximate 31% economic ownership interest and 33% voting interest in HELIO, while SK Telecom had an approximate 65% economic ownership interest and 67% voting interest in HELIO.
In August 2008, Virgin Mobile USA, Inc. (“Virgin Mobile”) acquired HELIO in exchange for limited partnership units equivalent to 13 million shares of Virgin Mobile common stock. EarthLink’s equity and debt investments in HELIO were exchanged for limited partnership units equivalent to approximately 1.8 million shares of Virgin Mobile common stock. As a result of the transaction, EarthLink recorded a gain of $4.4 million, which is included in gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. EarthLink has an approximate 2% ownership interest in Virgin Mobile. The Company cannot exert significant influence over Virgin Mobile’s operating and financial policies and, as such, accounts for its investment in Virgin Mobile under the cost method of accounting and classifies the investment as available-for-sale.
Prior to the transaction with Virgin Mobile, the Company accounted for its investment in HELIO under the equity method of accounting because the Company was able to exert significant influence over HELIO’s operating and financial policies. The Company had been recording its proportionate share of HELIO’s net loss in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and amortizing the difference between the book value and fair value of non-cash assets contributed to HELIO over their estimated useful lives. The amortization increased the carrying value of the Company’s investment and decreased the net losses of equity affiliate included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded $41.9 million and $111.3 million, respectively, of net losses of equity affiliate related to its HELIO investment, which is net of amortization of basis differences and certain other equity method accounting adjustments. During 2007, EarthLink discontinued recording additional net losses of equity affiliate because the carrying value of its investment in HELIO was reduced to zero.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
7. Purchased Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Goodwill
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the carrying amount of goodwill decreased $16.2 million due to the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards acquired from OneMain.com, Inc., Cidco Incorporated, PeoplePC Inc. and New Edge Networks.
Purchased Intangible Assets
The following table presents the components of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008:
| | As of December 31, 2007 | | As of September 30, 2008 | |
| | Gross | | | | Net | | Gross | | | | Net | |
| | Carrying | | Accumulated | | Carrying | | Carrying | | Accumulated | | Carrying | |
| | Value | | Amortization | | Value | | Value | | Amortization | | Value | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Intangible assets subject to amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subscriber bases and customer relationships | | $ | 118,702 | | $ | (79,763 | ) | $ | 38,939 | | $ | 120,160 | | $ | (90,107 | ) | $ | 30,053 | |
Software, technology and other | | 3,892 | | (3,161 | ) | 731 | | 739 | | (589 | ) | 150 | |
Trade names | | — | | — | | — | | 1,521 | | (228 | ) | 1,293 | |
| | 122,594 | | (82,924 | ) | 39,670 | | 122,420 | | (90,924 | ) | 31,496 | |
Intangible assets not subject to amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade names | | 6,606 | | — | | 6,606 | | 5,085 | | — | | 5,085 | |
| | $ | 129,200 | | $ | (82,924 | ) | $ | 46,276 | | $ | 127,505 | | $ | (90,924 | ) | $ | 36,581 | |
Amortization of intangible assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 represents the amortization of definite lived intangible assets. The Company’s definite lived intangible assets primarily consist of subscriber bases and customer relationships, acquired software and technology, certain trade names and other assets acquired in conjunction with the purchases of businesses and subscriber bases from other companies that are not deemed to have indefinite lives. The Company’s identifiable indefinite lived intangible assets consist of certain trade names. Definite lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are generally three to six years for subscriber bases and customer relationships and three years for acquired software and technology. As of September 30, 2008, the weighted average amortization periods were 3.9 years for subscriber base assets and customer relationships, 3.3 years for software and technology and 5.0 years for trade names. Based on the current amount of definite lived intangible assets, the Company expects to record amortization expense of approximately $3.2 million during the remaining three months in the year ending December 31, 2008 and $11.5 million, $8.0 million, $6.7 million and $2.1 million during the years ending December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Actual amortization expense to be reported in future periods could differ materially from these estimates as a result of asset acquisitions, changes in useful lives and other relevant factors.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company wrote-off fully amortized definite lived intangible assets, consisting of software and technology, with a gross carrying value and accumulated amortization of $3.2 million.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
8. Long-Term Debt
In November 2006, the Company issued $258.8 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due November 15, 2026 (the “Notes”) in a registered offering. The Company received net proceeds of $251.6 million after transaction fees of $7.2 million. The Notes bear interest at 3.25% per year on the principal amount of the Notes until November 15, 2011, and 3.50% interest per year on the principal amount of the Notes thereafter, payable semi-annually in May and November of each year. The Notes rank as senior unsecured obligations of the Company.
The Notes are payable with cash and, if applicable, convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock based on an initial conversion rate, subject to adjustment, of 109.6491 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $9.12 per share). Upon conversion, a holder will receive cash up to the principal amount of the Notes and, at the Company’s option, cash, or shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock for the remainder, if any, of the conversion obligation. The conversion obligation is based on the sum of the “daily settlement amounts” for the 20 consecutive trading days that begin on, and include, the second trading day after the day the Notes are surrendered for conversion. The Notes will be convertible only in the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter after the calendar quarter ending December 31, 2006 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock for each of 20 or more trading days in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds 130% of the conversion price in effect on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any five consecutive trading day period in which the average trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes was equal to or less than 98% of the average conversion value of the Notes during the note measurement period; (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate transactions; (4) if the Company has called the Notes for redemption; and (5) at any time from, and including, October 15, 2011 to, and including, November 15, 2011 and at any time on or after November 15, 2024. The Company has the option to redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, for cash, on or after November 15, 2011, provided that the Company had made at least ten semi-annual interest payments. In addition, the holders may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of their notes on each of November 15, 2011, November 15, 2016 and November 15, 2021.
As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, the fair value of the Notes was approximately $262.0 million and $274.1 million, respectively, based on the quoted market prices.
In connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company entered into separate convertible note hedge transactions and separate warrant transactions with respect to the Company’s common stock to reduce the potential dilution upon conversion of the Notes (collectively referred to as the “Call Spread Transactions”). In September 2008, the Company terminated the convertible note hedge and warrant agreements. See Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity,” for more information on the Call Spread Transactions.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
9. Stockholders’ Equity
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on certain investments classified as available-for-sale, net of tax, which are excluded from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in accordance with SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was as follows:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (79,381 | ) | $ | 54,686 | | $ | (125,633 | ) | $ | 162,376 | |
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments | | 452 | | (1,190 | ) | (3,235 | ) | (2,214 | ) |
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains on certain investments | | — | | — | | — | | (1,779 | ) |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | (78,929 | ) | $ | 53,496 | | $ | (128,868 | ) | $ | 158,383 | |
Share Repurchases
Since the inception of the Company’s share repurchase program, the Board of Directors has authorized a total of $750.0 million for the repurchase of EarthLink’s common stock. As of September 30, 2008, the Company had $169.1 million available under the current authorizations. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time to time in compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission regulations and other legal requirements, including through the use of derivative transactions, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire any specific number of shares and may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.
The Company repurchased 3.9 million of its common stock for $25.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 pursuant to its share repurchase program. The Company repurchased 3.8 million shares of its common stock for $31.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 pursuant to its share repurchase program, of which 2.5 million shares were repurchased upon termination of the convertible note hedge and warrant agreements, as more fully described below under “Call Spread Transactions.”
Call Spread Transactions
In connection with the issuance of the Notes (see Note 8, “Long-Term Debt”), the Company entered into separate convertible note hedge transactions and separate warrant transactions with respect to the Company’s common stock to minimize the impact of the potential dilution upon conversion of the Notes. The Company purchased call options in private transactions to cover approximately 28.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock at a strike price of $9.12 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, for $47.2 million. The Company also sold warrants permitting the purchasers to acquire up to approximately 28.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.20 per share, subject to adjustments in certain circumstances, in private transactions for total proceeds of approximately $32.1 million. The Company recorded the purchase of the call options as a reduction in additional paid-in capital and the proceeds of the warrants as an addition to paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2007, the estimated fair value of the call options was $43.8 million and the estimated fair value of the warrants was $28.0 million.
In September 2008, the Company terminated its convertible note hedge and warrant agreements. The Company received an aggregate payment from the counterparties to the agreements, which was recorded as additional paid-in capital. Upon termination of the agreements, the Company purchased approximately 2.5
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
million shares of common stock the counterparties held in hedge positions for approximately $22.7 million, based on the closing price of the EarthLink common stock on the purchase date.
10. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation expense over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and determines the fair value of restricted stock units based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of EarthLink’s common stock on the date of grant. Such value is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the straight-line attribution method. The estimate of awards that will ultimately vest requires significant judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class and historical employee attrition rates. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from the Company’s current estimates.
Stock-based compensation expense under SFAS No. 123(R) was $4.3 million and $4.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively, and $15.1 million and $14.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, the Company has classified stock-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 within the same operating expense line items as cash compensation paid to employees.
Stock Incentive Plans
The Company has granted stock options and restricted stock units to employees and non-employee directors to purchase the Company’s common stock under various stock incentive plans. Under the plans, employees and non-employee directors are eligible to receive awards of various forms of equity-based incentive compensation, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, phantom share units and performance awards, among others. The plans are administered by the Board of Directors or the Leadership and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which determine the terms of the awards granted. Stock options are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of EarthLink, Inc. common stock on the date of grant, have a term of ten years or less and vest over terms of four to six years from the date of grant. Restricted stock units are granted with various vesting terms that range from one to six years from the date of grant.
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company’s Second Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Certain Key Employees permits members of the Board of Directors and eligible employees to elect to defer receipt of shares of common stock pursuant to vested restricted stock units and various cash consideration, such as directors’ fees and bonuses. The cash consideration is converted into phantom share units at the closing price on the date the consideration would otherwise be paid, and vested restricted stock units are converted into phantom share units on a one-for-one basis. Phantom share units are fully vested at the date of grant and are converted to common stock upon the occurrence of various events. As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, approximately 43,000 and 24,000 phantom share units were outstanding, respectively.
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Options Outstanding
The following table summarizes information concerning stock option activity as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008:
EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
| | | | | | Weighted | | | |
| | | | Weighted | | Average | | | |
| | | | Average | | Remaining | | Aggregate | |
| | | | Exercise | | Contractual | | Intrinsic | |
| | Stock Options | | Price | | Term (Years) | | Value | |
| | (shares and dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2007 | | 13,427 | | $ | 10.69 | | | | | |
Granted | | 164 | | 7.73 | | | | | |
Exercised | | (1,162 | ) | 6.88 | | | | | |
Forfeited and expired | | (3,159 | ) | 13.05 | | | | | |
Outstanding as of September 30, 2008 | | 9,270 | | $ | 10.31 | | 5.9 | | $ | 5,687 | |
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2008 | | 8,606 | | $ | 9.77 | | 5.3 | | $ | 4,945 | |
Exercisable as of September 30, 2008 | | 6,625 | | $ | 11.32 | | 5.0 | | $ | 2,897 | |
The aggregate intrinsic value amounts in the table above represent the closing price of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2008 in excess of the exercise price, multiplied by the number of stock options outstanding or exercisable, when the closing price is greater than the exercise price. This represents the amount that would have been received by the stock option holders if they had all exercised their stock options on September 30, 2008. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 was $0.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 was $0.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised represents the difference between the price of the Company’s common stock at the time of exercise and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of stock options exercised. To the extent the forfeiture rate is different than what the Company has anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from the Company’s expectations.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
The following table summarizes the status of the Company’s stock options as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | Stock Options | |
Stock Options Outstanding | | Exercisable | |
| | | | | | Weighted | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Average | | Weighted | | | | Weighted | |
| | | | | | Remaining | | Average | | | | Average | |
Range of | | Number | | Contractual | | Exercise | | Number | | Exercise | |
Exercise Prices | | Outstanding | | Life (Years) | | Price | | Exercisable | | Price | |
| | | | (in thousands) | | | | | | (in thousands) | | | |
$ | 5.10 | | $ | 6.86 | | 853 | | 5.4 | | $ | 5.97 | | 562 | | $ | 5.84 | |
6.90 | | 7.25 | | 917 | | 8.3 | | 6.97 | | 282 | | 6.96 | |
7.31 | | 7.31 | | 1,500 | | 8.7 | | 7.31 | | 700 | | 7.31 | |
7.32 | | 9.01 | | 1,281 | | 6.4 | | 8.54 | | 974 | | 8.74 | |
9.23 | | 9.64 | | 961 | | 5.5 | | 9.51 | | 588 | | 9.54 | |
10.06 | | 10.06 | | 853 | | 2.0 | | 10.06 | | 853 | | 10.06 | |
10.36 | | 11.38 | | 1,590 | | 6.5 | | 10.57 | | 1,366 | | 10.57 | |
11.45 | | 48.61 | | 1,315 | | 2.7 | | 21.03 | | 1,300 | | 21.14 | |
$ | 5.10 | to | $ | 48.61 | | 9,270 | | 5.9 | | $ | 10.31 | | 6,625 | | $ | 11.32 | |
Valuation Assumptions for Stock Options
The fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
Dividend yield | | 0 | % | 0 | % |
Expected volatility | | 39 | % | 39 | % |
Risk-free interest rate | | 4.81 | % | 3.00 | % |
Expected life | | 4.3 years | | 4.2 years | |
The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $2.79 and $2.71, respectively.
The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of future dividend payouts. The expected volatility is based on a combination of the Company’s historical stock price and implied volatility. The selection of implied volatility data to estimate expected volatility is based upon the availability of prices for actively traded options on the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock units as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008:
| | | | Weighted | |
| | | | Average | |
| | Restricted | | Grant Date | |
| | Stock Units | | Fair Value | |
| | | | | |
Nonvested as of December 31, 2007 | | 2,061,000 | | $ | 7.17 | |
Granted | | 3,564,000 | | 7.20 | |
Vested | | (631,000 | ) | 7.27 | |
Forfeited | | (623,000 | ) | 7.16 | |
Nonvested as of September 30, 2008 | | 4,371,000 | | 7.19 | |
| | | | | | |
The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the closing trading price of EarthLink’s common stock on the grant date. The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $6.92 and $7.20, respectively. As September 30, 2008, there was $21.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $2.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, which represents the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date multiplied by the number of restricted stock units that vested.
11. Income Taxes
EarthLink recorded an income tax provision from continuing operations of $7.9 million and $23.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. The income tax provision is based on management’s current expectations for the results of operations for the year ending December 31, 2008 in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” and FASB Interpretation No. 18 “Accounting for Income Taxes in Interim Periods — an interpretation of APB Opinion No. 28.”
The major components of the income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 are as follows:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Federal alternative minumum tax | | $ | — | | $ | 1.0 | | $ | — | | $ | 3.4 | |
State income tax | | — | | 2.9 | | 0.3 | | 4.2 | |
Other | | — | | — | | — | | (0.5 | ) |
Current provision | | — | | 3.9 | | 0.3 | | 7.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Deferred provision | | — | | 4.0 | | 0.1 | | 16.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | — | | $ | 7.9 | | $ | 0.4 | | $ | 23.9 | |
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
A discrete item has been recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 for a change in valuation allowance resulting from a change in classification of an indefinite lived intangible asset to a definite lived intangible asset, corresponding to a decrease in the valuation allowance which resulted in a tax benefit of $0.5 million. The non-cash deferred tax provision has been recorded for estimated utilization of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards acquired from OneMain.com, Inc., Cidco Incorporated, PeoplePC Inc., and New Edge Networks. The associated reduction in the valuation allowance due to the expected utilization of these acquired federal and state net operating losses has been recorded as a reduction to goodwill and not as a benefit to income taxes. The current alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) liability is payable as a result of net operating loss carryforward limitations associated with the AMT calculation.
EarthLink continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its unrealized deferred tax assets, which include net operating loss carryforwards. EarthLink may recognize deferred tax assets in future periods when they are determined to be more likely than not realizable. To the extent EarthLink reports income in future periods, EarthLink intends to use its net operating loss carryforwards to the extent available to offset taxable income and reduce cash outflows for income taxes. The Company’s ability to use its federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and federal and state tax credit carryforwards may be subject to restrictions attributable to equity transactions in the future resulting from changes in ownership as defined under the Internal Revenue Code.
On January 1, 2007, EarthLink adopted Financial Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48. The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax returns in California, Florida, Georgia and Illinois as “major” tax jurisdictions, as defined in FIN No. 48. Periods extending back to 1994 are still subject to examination for all “major” jurisdictions. The adoption of FIN No. 48 on January 1, 2007 did not result in a material cumulative-effect adjustment. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such items as a component of income taxes. No adjustments were made to the FIN No. 48 liability during the quarter.
12. Related Party Transactions
As a result of EarthLink’s ownership interest in HELIO, HELIO was considered a related party. In August 2008, Virgin Mobile acquired HELIO and EarthLink’s equity and debt investments in HELIO were exchanged for limited partnership units of Virgin Mobile. EarthLink and HELIO have a services agreement pursuant to which EarthLink provides HELIO billing and other support services in exchange for management fees. The service agreement will remain in effect through the remainder of 2008. The management fees were determined based on EarthLink’s costs to provide the services, and management believes such fees are reasonable. The total amount of fees that HELIO pays to EarthLink depends on the extent to which HELIO utilizes EarthLink’s services. Fees for services provided to HELIO are reflected as reductions to the associated expenses incurred by EarthLink to provide such services. During the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, fees received for services provided to HELIO were $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, fees received for services provided to HELIO were $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had accounts receivable from HELIO of approximately $0.2 million.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
13. Fair Value Measurements
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” which establishes a framework for reporting fair value and expands disclosures required for fair value measurements. Although the adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not materially impact its financial condition, results of operations or cash flow, the Company is now required to provide additional disclosures as part of its financial statements.
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). SFAS No. 157 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
As of September 30, 2008, the Company held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These included the Company’s cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities, including auction rate securities, and investments in other companies.
The following table presents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 157 as of September 30, 2008:
| | | | Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2008 Using | |
| | | | Quoted Prices in | | Significant Other | | Significant | |
| | | | Active Markets for | | Observable | | Unobservable | |
| | Balance as of | | Identical Assets | | Inputs | | Inputs | |
Description | | September 30, 2008 | | (Level 1) | | (Level 2) | | (Level 3) | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Cash equivalents | | $ | 427,594 | | $ | 427,594 | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
Auction rate securities | | 52,428 | | — | | — | | 52,428 | |
Investments in other companies | | 4,829 | | 125 | | — | | 4,704 | |
Total | | $ | 484,851 | | $ | 427,719 | | $ | — | | $ | 57,132 | |
Cash equivalents, auction rate securities and equity investments in other companies are measured at fair value. Cash equivalents and equity investments in other companies that are valued using quoted market prices are classified within Level 1. Equity investments in other companies that are valued using unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. These inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets and were developed based on the best information available. Investments in auction rate securities are classified within Level 3 because they are valued using a discounted cash flow model. Some of the inputs to this model are unobservable in the market and are significant. The Company has consistently applied these valuation techniques in all periods presented.
The Company has invested in auction rate securities, which are more fully described in Note 6, “Investments.” Beginning in February 2008, these instruments held by the Company failed to attract sufficient buyers. As a result, these securities do not have a readily determinable market value and are not liquid. The fair values of the Company’s auction rate securities as of September 30, 2008 were estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis. These analyses consider, among other items, the collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, and the timing and value of expected future cash flows. These securities were also compared, when possible, to other observable market data with similar characteristics to the securities held by the Company.
Based on market conditions, the Company changed its valuation methodology for auction rate securities to a discounted cash flow analysis during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Accordingly, these
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
securities changed from Level 1 to Level 3 within SFAS No. 157’s hierarchy since the Company’s initial adoption of SFAS No. 157 on January 1, 2008.
The following table presents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as defined in SFAS No. 157 as of September 30, 2008:
| | Auction | |
| | Rate | |
| | Securities | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Balance as of December 31, 2007 | | $ | — | |
Transfers to Level 3 | | 38,900 | |
Total unrealized losses | | (5,322 | ) |
Purchases and settlements (net) | | 18,850 | |
Balance as of September 30, 2008 | | $ | 52,428 | |
The $5.3 million of unrealized losses are included in unrealized losses on investments as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and in total comprehensive income (loss) and relate to assets held as of September 30, 2008.
14. Segment Information
In accordance with SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company reports segment information along the same lines that its chief executive officer reviews its operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company operates two reportable segments, Consumer Services and Business Services, which are described below in more detail.
The Company’s segments are strategic business units that are managed based upon differences in customers, services and marketing channels. The Company’s Consumer Services segment provides Internet access services and related value-added services to individual customers. These services include dial-up and high-speed Internet access and voice services, among others. The Company’s Business Services segment provides Internet access services and related value-added services to businesses and communications carriers. These services include managed data networks, dedicated Internet access and web hosting, among others.
The Company evaluates performance of its segments based on segment income from operations. Segment income from operations includes revenues from external customers, related cost of revenues and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment, which include costs over which segment managers have direct discretionary control, such as advertising and marketing programs, customer support expenses, site operations expenses, product development expenses, certain technology and facilities expenses, billing operations and provisions for doubtful accounts. Segment income from operations excludes other income and expense items and certain expenses over which segment managers do not have discretionary control. Costs excluded from segment income from operations include various corporate expenses (consisting of certain costs such as corporate management, human resources, finance and legal), amortization of intangible assets, facility exit and restructuring costs, and stock-based compensation expense under SFAS No. 123(R), as they are not considered in the measurement of segment performance.
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
Information on reportable segments and a reconciliation to consolidated income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 is as follows:
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Consumer Services | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 250,521 | | $ | 187,799 | | $ | 790,692 | | $ | 605,340 | |
Cost of revenues | | 80,395 | | 62,550 | | 249,024 | | 201,053 | |
Gross margin | | 170,126 | | 125,249 | | 541,668 | | 404,287 | |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 126,631 | | 49,803 | | 417,914 | | 164,496 | |
Segment operating income | | $ | 43,495 | | $ | 75,446 | | $ | 123,754 | | $ | 239,791 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 47,471 | | $ | 43,032 | | $ | 143,313 | | $ | 134,168 | |
Cost of revenues | | 29,360 | | 25,066 | | 88,835 | | 76,602 | |
Gross margin | | 18,111 | | 17,966 | | 54,478 | | 57,566 | |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 12,253 | | 12,481 | | 45,040 | | 39,308 | |
Segment operating income | | $ | 5,858 | | $ | 5,485 | | $ | 9,438 | | $ | 18,258 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 297,992 | | $ | 230,831 | | $ | 934,005 | | $ | 739,508 | |
Cost of revenues | | 109,755 | | 87,616 | | 337,859 | | 277,655 | |
Gross margin | | 188,237 | | 143,215 | | 596,146 | | 461,853 | |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 138,884 | | 62,284 | | 462,954 | | 203,804 | |
Segment operating income | | 49,353 | | 80,931 | | 133,192 | | 258,049 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | 4,303 | | 4,597 | | 15,081 | | 14,319 | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | 3,836 | | 3,153 | | 10,874 | | 11,153 | |
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs | | 34,162 | | 1,078 | | 34,162 | | 4,169 | |
Other operating expenses | | 11,610 | | 12,674 | | 44,487 | | 39,714 | |
Income from operations | | $ | (4,558 | ) | $ | 59,429 | | $ | 28,588 | | $ | 188,694 | |
The primary component of the Company’s revenues is access and service revenues, which consist of narrowband access services (including traditional, fully-featured narrowband access and value-priced narrowband access); broadband access services (including high-speed access via DSL, cable and satellite technologies, IP-based voice and fees charged for high-speed data networks to small and medium-sized businesses); and web hosting services. The Company also earns revenues from value-added services, which include ancillary services sold as add-on features to the Company’s access services, search and advertising revenues.
Consumer access and service revenues consist of narrowband access, broadband access and voice services. These revenues are derived from monthly fees charged to customers for dial-up Internet access; monthly retail and wholesale fees charged for high-speed, high-capacity access services including DSL, cable and satellite; fees charged for IP-based voice services; usage fees; installation fees; termination fees; and fees for equipment. Consumer value-added services revenues consist of search revenues; advertising revenues; revenues from ancillary services sold as add-on features to the Company’s Internet services, such as security products, email by phone, Internet call waiting and email storage; and revenues from home networking products and services.
Business access and service revenues consist of retail and wholesale fees charged for high-speed, high-capacity access services including DSL, cable, satellite and dedicated circuit services; fees charged for high-speed
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EARTHLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED - (Continued)
data networks for small and medium-sized businesses; installation fees; termination fees; fees for equipment; regulatory surcharges billed to customers; and web hosting.
Information on revenues by groups of similar services and by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 is as follows:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Consumer Services | | | | | | | | | |
Access and service | | $ | 218,609 | | $ | 164,306 | | $ | 692,801 | | $ | 529,557 | |
Value-added services | | 31,912 | | 23,493 | | 97,891 | | 75,783 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 250,521 | | $ | 187,799 | | $ | 790,692 | | $ | 605,340 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | |
Access and service | | $ | 46,833 | | $ | 42,387 | | $ | 141,115 | | $ | 132,026 | |
Value-added services | | 638 | | 645 | | 2,198 | | 2,142 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 47,471 | | $ | 43,032 | | $ | 143,313 | | $ | 134,168 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated | | | | | | | | | |
Access and service | | $ | 265,442 | | $ | 206,693 | | $ | 833,916 | | $ | 661,583 | |
Value-added services | | 32,550 | | 24,138 | | 100,089 | | 77,925 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 297,992 | | $ | 230,831 | | $ | 934,005 | | $ | 739,508 | |
The Company manages its working capital on a consolidated basis and does not allocate long-lived assets to segments. In addition, segment assets are not reported to, or used by, the chief operating decision maker and therefore, pursuant to SFAS No. 131, total segment assets have not been disclosed.
The Company has not provided information about geographic segments because substantially all of the Company’s revenues, results of operations and identifiable assets are in the United States.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words “estimate,” “plan,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are found at various places throughout this report. EarthLink disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Although EarthLink believes that its expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that its goals will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ from estimates or projections contained in the forward-looking statements are described under “Safe Harbor Statement” in this Item 2.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Overview
EarthLink, Inc. is an Internet service provider, or ISP, providing nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to individual and business customers. Our primary service offerings include dial-up Internet access, high-speed Internet access and web hosting services. We also provide value-added services, such as search, advertising and ancillary services sold as add-on features to our Internet access services. In addition, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, New Edge Networks, we provide secure multi-site managed data networks and dedicated Internet access for businesses and communications carriers.
We operate two reportable segments, Consumer Services and Business Services. Our Consumer Services segment provides Internet access and related value-added services to individual customers. These services include dial-up and high-speed Internet access and voice services, among others. Our Business Services segment provides Internet access and related value-added services to businesses and communications carriers. These services include managed data networks, dedicated Internet access and web hosting, among others.
Industry Background
We operate in the Internet access market, which is characterized by intense competition, changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in customer needs and new service and product introductions. The Internet access market has reached a mature stage of growth; however, growth is expected to continue at a slow rate as more services become available online, Internet access prices remain low, computer prices continue to decline and consumers increasingly gain access at places outside the home.
In the last few years, the composition of the Internet access market has changed and the number of households with broadband access surpassed the number of households with dial-up access. Consumers continue to migrate to broadband due to the faster connection and download speeds provided by broadband access, the ability to free up their phone lines and the more reliable and “always on” connection. The pricing for broadband services, particularly for introductory promotional periods, services bundled with video and telephone services, and services with slower speeds, has been declining, making it a more viable option for consumers that continue to rely on dial-up connections for Internet access. In addition, advanced applications such as online gaming, music downloads and photo sharing require greater bandwidth for optimal performance, which adds to the demand for broadband access. Within the premium-priced narrowband Internet access market, access providers are competing for a decreasing customer base, as customers switch to broadband services and value-priced narrowband services. However, analysts predict a continuing market for dial-up customers due to the unavailability of broadband service in rural areas, the lower cost of dial-up Internet access and the sufficiency of narrowband speed, particularly for non-technical Internet users.
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Revenue Sources
We provide access services (including traditional, fully-featured narrowband access and value-priced narrowband access; high-speed access via DSL, cable and satellite; IP-based voice; and high-speed data networks for small and medium-sized businesses and communications carriers) and value-added services (including ancillary services sold as an add-on feature to our services, search and advertising). We earn access services revenues primarily from monthly fees charged to customers for services. We also earn revenues from usage fees; installation fees; termination fees; and fees for equipment used to access our services. We earn value-added services revenues primarily from monthly fees charged for ancillary services; paid placements for searches; advertising our partners’ products and services in our various online properties and electronic publications; and referring our customers to our partners’ products and services. Total revenues were $298.0 million and $230.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Our revenues declined over the past year primarily as a result of a change in our business strategy to reduce sales and marketing activities which were resulting in adding customers that did not provide an acceptable rate of return or that had a pattern of early life churn. Additionally, our traditional, premium-priced narrowband revenues have been declining due to the maturity of this service.
Business Strategy and Risks
Our business strategy is to sustain and build upon our strong position in the U.S. Internet access market by focusing on operational efficiency, retaining our existing tenured customers and seeking opportunities for growth.
· Operational Efficiency. We are focused on improving the cost structure of our business and aligning our cost structure with trends in our revenue, without impacting the quality of services we provide. We are focused on delivering our services more cost effectively by reducing and more efficiently handling the number of calls to contact centers, managing cost effective outsourcing opportunities and streamlining our internal processes and operations. We are also focused on reducing communications costs by increasing the efficiency of our networks and entering into more favorable agreements with telecommunications providers.
· Customer Retention. We are focused on retaining our existing tenured customers. We continue to focus on offering reasonably priced access with high-quality customer service and technical support. We believe focusing on the customer relationship will increase loyalty and reduce churn. We also believe that these tenured customers provide cost benefits, including reduced call center support costs and reduced bad debt expense.
· Opportunities for Growth. In response to changes in our business, we have significantly reduced our sales and marketing spending. However, we are focused on continuing to add customers that generate an acceptable rate of return and increasing the number of subscribers we add through partnerships and acquisitions from other ISPs. We will evaluate potential strategic transactions that could complement our business. We are also focused on adding customers organically by growing our services to business customers through New Edge Networks, our wholly-owned subsidiary. We believe this is a potential growth market and we will continue to differentiate ourselves by providing customers with choices for our business services.
The primary challenges we face in executing our business strategy are managing the rate of decline in our revenues, responding to competition, reducing churn, maintaining profitability in our access services, purchasing cost-effective wholesale broadband access and adding customers that generate an acceptable rate of return. The factors we believe are instrumental to the achievement of our goals and targets, including the factors identified above, may be subject to competitive, regulatory and other events and circumstances that are beyond our control. Further, we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in achieving any or all of the factors identified above, that the achievement or existence of such factors will favorably impact profitability, or that other factors will not arise that would adversely affect future profitability.
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Third Quarter 2008 Highlights
Total revenues decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period, as our subscriber base decreased from approximately 4.1 million paying subscribers as of September 30, 2007 to approximately 3.0 million paying subscribers as of September 30, 2008. The decrease in subscribers consisted primarily of decreases in PeoplePC value-priced narrowband, premium narrowband and broadband subscribers, which were attributable to a change in our business strategy to reduce sales and marketing activities. Also contributing to the decrease was the continuing maturation of the narrowband Internet access market and competition from other service providers. Overall operating expenses decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period primarily due to a reduction in costs to acquire new subscribers and a decrease in support costs due to fewer customers and a more tenured subscriber base. We recognized net income of $54.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to a net loss of $79.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007. This was due to the decrease in total operating costs and expenses, a decrease in net losses of HELIO, as we discontinued recording equity method losses during 2007, and a decrease in facility exit, restructuring and other costs. These improvements were partially offset by the decrease in revenues, a favorable change in gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net, and an increase in our income tax provision.
Looking Ahead
We expect total revenues to continue to decrease during the remainder of 2008 and during 2009 as we reduce sales and marketing efforts aimed at customers that have a high acquisition cost and early life churn. We also expect cost savings associated with our decreased sales and marketing activities, decreased support costs from a more tenured customer base and benefits realized from our corporate restructuring plan to offset some of the decline in our revenues. However, although we expect operating costs and expenses to decrease, we do not anticipate the large-scale cost reduction opportunities that we have experienced during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Joint Venture
We had a joint venture with SK Telecom, HELIO. HELIO was a non-facilities-based mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) offering mobile communications services and handsets to consumers in the U.S. HELIO was formed in March 2005 and began offering its products and services in April 2006. In August 2008, Virgin Mobile USA, Inc. (“Virgin Mobile”) acquired HELIO in exchange for limited partnership units equivalent to 13 million shares of Virgin Mobile common stock. Our equity and debt investments in HELIO were exchanged for limited partnership units equivalent to approximately 1.8 million shares of Virgin Mobile common stock. As a result, we have an approximate 2% ownership interest in Virgin Mobile.
Marketing Alliance
We have an agreement with Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks, companies whose networks pass more than 30 million homes, to offer our broadband Internet access services over their systems. In connection with the agreement, Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks receive consideration from EarthLink for carrying the EarthLink service and related Internet traffic. As of September 30, 2008, more than 40% of our consumer broadband subscribers were serviced via either the Time Warner Cable or Bright House Networks network.
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Key Operating Metrics
We utilize certain non-financial and operating measures to assess our financial performance. Terms such as churn and average revenue per user (“ARPU”) are terms commonly used in our industry. The following table sets forth subscriber and operating data for the periods indicated:
| | September 30, | | December 31, | | June 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 | |
Subscriber Data (a) | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer Services | | | | | | | | | |
Narrowband access subscribers | | 2,856,000 | | 2,624,000 | | 2,130,000 | | 1,920,000 | |
Broadband access subscribers (b) | | 1,081,000 | | 1,059,000 | | 988,000 | | 933,000 | |
Total consumer services | | 3,937,000 | | 3,683,000 | | 3,118,000 | | 2,853,000 | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | |
Narrowband access subscribers | | 30,000 | | 27,000 | | 24,000 | | 19,000 | |
Broadband access subscribers | | 69,000 | | 66,000 | | 63,000 | | 61,000 | |
Web hosting accounts | | 103,000 | | 100,000 | | 94,000 | | 91,000 | |
Total business services | | 202,000 | | 193,000 | | 181,000 | | 171,000 | |
Total subscriber count at end of period | | 4,139,000 | | 3,876,000 | | 3,299,000 | | 3,024,000 | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
Subscriber Activity | | | | | | | | | |
Subscribers at beginning of period | | 4,337,000 | | 3,299,000 | | 5,313,000 | | 3,876,000 | |
Gross organic subscriber additions | | 491,000 | | 137,000 | | 1,628,000 | | 552,000 | |
Acquired subscribers | | 31,000 | | 2,000 | | 65,000 | | 2,000 | |
Adjustment (c) | | — | | (15,000 | ) | (753,000 | ) | (15,000 | ) |
Churn | | (720,000 | ) | (399,000 | ) | (2,114,000 | ) | (1,391,000 | ) |
Subscribers at end of period | | 4,139,000 | | 3,024,000 | | 4,139,000 | | 3,024,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Churn rate (d) | | 5.7 | % | 4.2 | % | 5.0 | % | 4.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Consumer Services Data | | | | | | | | | |
Average subscribers (e) | | 4,022,000 | | 2,980,000 | | 4,485,000 | | 3,256,000 | |
ARPU (f) | | $ | 20.76 | | $ | 21.00 | | $ | 19.59 | | $ | 20.66 | |
Churn rate (d) | | 5.9 | % | 4.3 | % | 5.1 | % | 4.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Business Services Data | | | | | | | | | |
Average subscribers (e) | | 204,000 | | 176,000 | | 211,000 | | 183,000 | |
ARPU (f) | | $ | 77.56 | | $ | 81.50 | | $ | 75.58 | | $ | 81.33 | |
Churn rate (d) | | 2.4 | % | 3.2 | % | 2.6 | % | 2.8 | % |
(a) Subscriber counts do not include nonpaying customers. Customers receiving service under promotional programs that include periods of free service at inception are not included in subscriber counts until they become paying customers.
(b) Customers who subscribe to our EarthLink DSL and Home Phone service are counted as both a broadband subscriber and a voice subscriber.
(c) We had a marketing relationship with Embarq, a spin-off of Sprint Nextel Corporation’s local communications business, under which EarthLink was the wholesale high-speed ISP for Embarq’s local
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residential and small business customers. The contracts associated with these arrangements expired in April 2007. As a result, we removed 753,000 wholesale broadband EarthLink-supported Embarq subscribers from our broadband subscriber count and total subscriber count. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we removed 15,000 EarthLink supported Sprint customers from our broadband subscriber counts due to the termination of the wholesale arrangement by Sprint.
(d) Churn rate is used to measure the rate at which subscribers discontinue service on a voluntary or involuntary basis. Churn rate is computed by dividing the average monthly number of subscribers that discontinued service during the period by the average subscribers for the period.
(e) Average subscribers or accounts for the three month periods is calculated by averaging the ending monthly subscribers or accounts for the four months preceding and including the end of the quarterly period. Average subscribers or accounts for the nine month periods is calculated by averaging the ending monthly subscribers or accounts for the ten months preceding and including the end of the period.
(f) ARPU represents the average monthly revenue per user (subscriber). ARPU is computed by dividing average monthly revenue for the period by the average number of subscribers for the period. Average monthly revenue used to calculate ARPU includes recurring service revenue as well as nonrecurring revenues associated with equipment and other one-time charges associated with initiating or discontinuing services.
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Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth statement of operations data for the periods indicated:
| | Three Months Ended | | | | | | Nine Months Ended | | | | | |
| | September 30, | | Dollar | | Percent | | September 30, | | Dollar | | Percent | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | Change | | Change | | 2007 | | 2008 | | Change | | Change | |
| | (dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 297,992 | | $ | 230,831 | | $ | (67,161 | ) | -23% | | $ | 934,005 | | $ | 739,508 | | $ | (194,497 | ) | -21% | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating costs and expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service and equipment costs | | 105,954 | | 86,917 | | (19,037 | ) | -18% | | 324,344 | | 275,626 | | (48,718 | ) | -15% | |
Sales incentives | | 3,801 | | 699 | | (3,102 | ) | -82% | | 13,515 | | 2,029 | | (11,486 | ) | -85% | |
Total cost of revenues | | 109,755 | | 87,616 | | (22,139 | ) | -20% | | 337,859 | | 277,655 | | (60,204 | ) | -18% | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales and marketing | | 71,584 | | 22,191 | | (49,393 | ) | -69% | | 246,653 | | 78,913 | | (167,740 | ) | -68% | |
Operations and customer support | | 54,561 | | 34,048 | | (20,513 | ) | -38% | | 174,525 | | 106,914 | | (67,611 | ) | -39% | |
General and administrative | | 28,652 | | 23,316 | | (5,336 | ) | -19% | | 101,344 | | 72,010 | | (29,334 | ) | -29% | |
Amortization of intangible assets | | 3,836 | | 3,153 | | (683 | ) | -18% | | 10,874 | | 11,153 | | 279 | | 3% | |
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs | | 34,162 | | 1,078 | | (33,084 | ) | -97% | | 34,162 | | 4,169 | | (29,993 | ) | -88% | |
Total operating costs and expenses | | 302,550 | | 171,402 | | (131,148 | ) | -43% | | 905,417 | | 550,814 | | (354,603 | ) | -39% | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) from operations | | (4,558 | ) | 59,429 | | 63,987 | | * | | 28,588 | | 188,694 | | 160,106 | | 560% | |
Net losses of equity affiliate | | (41,895 | ) | — | | 41,895 | | -100% | | (111,295 | ) | — | | 111,295 | | -100% | |
Gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net | | (5,810 | ) | 4,352 | | 10,162 | | 175% | | (5,600 | ) | 5,677 | | 11,277 | | 201% | |
Interest income (expense) and other, net | | 4,182 | | (490 | ) | (4,672 | ) | -112% | | 11,282 | | 366 | | (10,916 | ) | -97% | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | (48,081 | ) | 63,291 | | 111,372 | | 232% | | (77,025 | ) | 194,737 | | 271,762 | | 353% | |
Income tax benefit (provision) | | 30 | | (7,924 | ) | (7,954 | ) | * | | (365 | ) | (23,923 | ) | (23,558 | ) | * | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations | | (48,051 | ) | 55,367 | | 103,418 | | 215% | | (77,390 | ) | 170,814 | | 248,204 | | 321% | |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | | (31,330 | ) | (681 | ) | 30,649 | | -98% | | (48,243 | ) | (8,438 | ) | 39,805 | | -83% | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (79,381 | ) | $ | 54,686 | | $ | 134,067 | | 169% | | $ | (125,633 | ) | $ | 162,376 | | $ | 288,009 | | 229% | |
* denotes percentage is not meaningful
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Segment Results of Operations
Our business segments are strategic business units that are managed based upon differences in customers, services and marketing channels. Our Consumer Services segment provides dial-up Internet access, high-speed Internet access and voice services, among others, to individual customers. Our Business Services segment provides managed data networks, dedicated Internet access and web hosting, among others, to businesses and communications carriers.
We evaluate the performance of our operating segments based on segment income from operations. Segment income from operations includes revenues from external customers, related cost of revenues and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment, which include expenses over which segment managers have direct discretionary control, such as advertising and marketing programs, customer support expenses, site operations expenses, product development expenses, certain technology and facilities expenses, billing operations and provisions for doubtful accounts. Segment income from operations excludes other income and expense items and certain expenses over which segment managers do not have discretionary control. Costs excluded from segment income from operations include various corporate expenses (consisting of certain costs such as corporate management, human resources, finance and legal), amortization of intangible assets, facility exit and restructuring costs and stock-based compensation expense under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123(R), as they are not considered in the measurement of segment performance.
The following tables set forth segment data for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | $ Change | | % Change | |
| | (dollars in thousands) | |
Consumer Services | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 250,521 | | $ | 187,799 | | $ | (62,722 | ) | -25 | % |
Cost of revenues | | 80,395 | | 62,550 | | (17,845 | ) | -22 | % |
Gross margin | | 170,126 | | 125,249 | | (44,877 | ) | -26 | % |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 126,631 | | 49,803 | | (76,828 | ) | -61 | % |
Segment operating income | | $ | 43,495 | | $ | 75,446 | | $ | 31,951 | | 73 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 47,471 | | $ | 43,032 | | $ | (4,439 | ) | -9 | % |
Cost of revenues | | 29,360 | | 25,066 | | (4,294 | ) | -15 | % |
Gross margin | | 18,111 | | 17,966 | | (145 | ) | -1 | % |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 12,253 | | 12,481 | | 228 | | 2 | % |
Segment operating income | | $ | 5,858 | | $ | 5,485 | | $ | (373 | ) | -6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 297,992 | | $ | 230,831 | | $ | (67,161 | ) | -23 | % |
Cost of revenues | | 109,755 | | 87,616 | | (22,139 | ) | -20 | % |
Gross margin | | 188,237 | | 143,215 | | (45,022 | ) | -24 | % |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 138,884 | | 62,284 | | (76,600 | ) | -55 | % |
Segment operating income | | 49,353 | | 80,931 | | 31,578 | | 64 | % |
Stock-based compensation expense | | 4,303 | | 4,597 | | 294 | | 7 | % |
Amortization of intangible assets | | 3,836 | | 3,153 | | (683 | ) | -18 | % |
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs | | 34,162 | | 1,078 | | (33,084 | ) | -97 | % |
Other operating expenses | | 11,610 | | 12,674 | | 1,064 | | 9 | % |
Income from operations | | $ | (4,558 | ) | $ | 59,429 | | $ | 63,987 | | | * |
* denotes percentage is not meaningful
The following tables set forth segment data for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
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| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | $ Change | | % Change | |
| | (dollars in thousands) | |
Consumer Services | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 790,692 | | $ | 605,340 | | $ | (185,352 | ) | -23 | % |
Cost of revenues | | 249,024 | | 201,053 | | (47,971 | ) | -19 | % |
Gross margin | | 541,668 | | 404,287 | | (137,381 | ) | -25 | % |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 417,914 | | 164,496 | | (253,418 | ) | -61 | % |
Segment operating income | | $ | 123,754 | | $ | 239,791 | | $ | 116,037 | | 94 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 143,313 | | $ | 134,168 | | $ | (9,145 | ) | -6 | % |
Cost of revenues | | 88,835 | | 76,602 | | (12,233 | ) | -14 | % |
Gross margin | | 54,478 | | 57,566 | | 3,088 | | 6 | % |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 45,040 | | 39,308 | | (5,732 | ) | -13 | % |
Segment operating income | | $ | 9,438 | | $ | 18,258 | | $ | 8,820 | | 93 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 934,005 | | $ | 739,508 | | $ | (194,497 | ) | -21 | % |
Cost of revenues | | 337,859 | | 277,655 | | (60,204 | ) | -18 | % |
Gross margin | | 596,146 | | 461,853 | | (134,293 | ) | -23 | % |
Direct segment operating expenses | | 462,954 | | 203,804 | | (259,150 | ) | -56 | % |
Segment operating income | | 133,192 | | 258,049 | | 124,857 | | 94 | % |
Stock-based compensation expense | | 15,081 | | 14,319 | | (762 | ) | -5 | % |
Amortization of intangible assets | | 10,874 | | 11,153 | | 279 | | 3 | % |
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs | | 34,162 | | 4,169 | | (29,993 | ) | -88 | % |
Other operating expenses | | 44,487 | | 39,714 | | (4,773 | ) | -11 | % |
Income from operations | | $ | 28,588 | | $ | 188,694 | | $ | 160,106 | | 560 | % |
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Revenues
The following table presents revenues by groups of similar services and by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Three Months Ended | | | | | | Nine Months Ended | | | | | |
| | September 30, | | | | | | September 30, | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2007 | | 2008 | | $ Change | | % Change | |
| | (dollars in thousands) | |
Consumer Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Access and service | | $ | 218,609 | | $ | 164,306 | | $ | (54,303 | ) | -25% | | $ | 692,801 | | $ | 529,557 | | $ | (163,244 | ) | -24% | |
Value-added services | | 31,912 | | 23,493 | | (8,419 | ) | -26% | | 97,891 | | 75,783 | | (22,108 | ) | -23% | |
Total revenues | | $ | 250,521 | | $ | 187,799 | | $ | (62,722 | ) | -25% | | $ | 790,692 | | $ | 605,340 | | $ | (185,352 | ) | -23% | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Services | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Access and service | | $ | 46,833 | | $ | 42,387 | | $ | (4,446 | ) | -9% | | $ | 141,115 | | $ | 132,026 | | $ | (9,089 | ) | -6% | |
Value-added services | | 638 | | 645 | | 7 | | 1% | | 2,198 | | 2,142 | | (56 | ) | -3% | |
Total revenues | | $ | 47,471 | | $ | 43,032 | | $ | (4,439 | ) | -9% | | $ | 143,313 | | $ | 134,168 | | $ | (9,145 | ) | -6% | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Access and service | | $ | 265,442 | | $ | 206,693 | | $ | (58,749 | ) | -22% | | $ | 833,916 | | $ | 661,583 | | $ | (172,333 | ) | -21% | |
Value-added services | | 32,550 | | 24,138 | | (8,412 | ) | -26% | | 100,089 | | 77,925 | | (22,164 | ) | -22% | |
Total revenues | | $ | 297,992 | | $ | 230,831 | | $ | (67,161 | ) | -23% | | $ | 934,005 | | $ | 739,508 | | $ | (194,497 | ) | -21% | |
Consolidated revenues
The primary component of our revenues is access and service revenues, which consist of narrowband access services (including traditional, fully-featured narrowband access and value-priced narrowband access); broadband access services (including high-speed access via DSL, cable and satellite; IP-based voice; and fees charged for high-speed data networks to small and medium-sized businesses and communications carriers); and web hosting services. We also earn revenues from value-added services, which include search, advertising and ancillary services sold as add-on features to our access services. Total revenues decreased from $298.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $230.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased from $934.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $739.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. These were comprised of decreases of $62.7 million and $185.4 million in consumer services revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, and decreases of $4.4 million and $9.1 million in business services revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively.
The decreases in consumer services revenue were primarily attributable to decreases in average consumer subscribers, which were approximately 4.0 million and 4.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively, and approximately 3.0 million and 3.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. The decreases were driven by the change in our business strategy to reduce sales and marketing efforts aimed at customers that have a high acquisition cost and early life churn, and the continued maturing and ongoing competitiveness of the market for Internet access. The decreases consisted primarily of declines in average value-priced narrowband subscribers, premium-priced narrowband subscribers and broadband subscribers. Consumer service ARPU increased slightly during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year periods. The increase during the three month period was primarily due to a shift in the mix of our consumer access base from value-priced narrowband subscribers to broadband access subscribers. The increase during the nine month period was primarily due to consumer broadband access ARPU, which increased due to a shift in the mix of our consumer broadband base from wholesale DSL subscribers to retail DSL subscribers and to retail cable subscribers due to the removal of Embarq wholesale subscribers in April 2007.
The decreases in business services revenue were attributable to decreases in average business subscribers, which consisted of decreases in average web hosting accounts, average business broadband and average business narrowband customers. These decreases were offset by increases in business services ARPU.
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The increases in business services ARPU were attributable to increases in business broadband ARPU and increases in the mix of subscribers from lower ARPU business narrowband subscribers to higher ARPU business broadband subscribers.
Consumer services revenue
Access and service. Consumer access and service revenues consist of narrowband access, broadband access and voice services. These revenues are derived from monthly fees charged to customers for dial-up Internet access; monthly retail and wholesale fees charged for high-speed, high-capacity access services including DSL, cable and satellite; fees charged for IP-based voice services; usage fees; installation fees; termination fees; and fees for equipment. Consumer access and service revenues decreased from $218.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $164.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased from $692.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $529.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decreases in consumer access and service revenues were primarily due to decreases in narrowband access and broadband access revenues.
Narrowband access revenues decreased due to a decrease in average premium narrowband and value-priced narrowband subscribers. The declines resulted from the change in our business strategy and the continued maturing and ongoing competitiveness of the market for narrowband Internet access. During 2008, we reduced sales and marketing efforts that resulted in adding customers that did not provide an acceptable rate of return or that had a pattern of early life churn. We are focusing efforts primarily on the retention of tenured customers and adding customers that have similar characteristics of our tenured customer base and are more likely to produce an acceptable rate of return. We expect our consumer access and service subscriber base to continue to decrease due to the change in our business strategy and due to the continued maturation of the market for premium narrowband access. However, as our customers become more tenured, we expect our churn rates to decline.
Broadband revenues decreased due to a decrease in average broadband access subscribers. The decline in average broadband access subscribers, which primarily consisted of average retail DSL and retail cable subscribers, resulted from the change in our business strategy and the ongoing competitiveness of the market for broadband Internet access. Also contributing to the decrease during the nine month period was the removal of 753,000 Embarq subscribers effective April 2007. We had a marketing relationship with Embarq, a spin-off of Sprint Nextel Corporation’s local communications business, which provided that EarthLink was the wholesale high-speed ISP for Embarq’s local residential and small business customers. The contracts associated with these arrangements expired in April 2007, and we and Embarq did not renew the wholesale broadband contract. Effective April 2007, we removed approximately 753,000 wholesale broadband subscribers under the marketing relationship from our broadband subscriber count and total subscriber count.
Contributing to the decrease in broadband revenues during the three month period was a decrease in broadband access ARPU resulting from general declines in retail DSL prices. Offsetting the decrease in broadband revenues during the nine month period was an increase in broadband access ARPU primarily due a shift in the mix of our broadband customer base from wholesale DSL subscribers to retail DSL subscribers and to retail cable subscribers due to the removal of Embarq wholesale subscribers.
ARPU depends on a variety of factors, including changes in the mix of customers and their related pricing plans; the use of promotions and discounted pricing plans to obtain or retain subscribers; increases or decreases in the prices of our existing services; and the addition of new services. We currently offer several consumer access services at different price plans, and we provide services through retail and wholesale relationships. All of these have an effect on our overall ARPU.
Our consumer broadband access revenues as a percentage of our total consumer access and service revenues have been increasing over the past few years, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, our consumer broadband access revenues were more than 50% of our total consumer access and service revenues. Our consumer broadband access customers have lower churn rates than our consumer narrowband access customers. However, they also have lower gross margins due to the costs associated with
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delivering broadband services. This change in mix results in customers staying with us longer, but reduced profit margins.
Value-added services revenues. Value-added services revenues consist of search revenues; advertising revenues; revenues from ancillary services sold as add-on features to our Internet access services, such as security products, email by phone, Internet call waiting and email storage; and revenues from home networking products and services. We derive these revenues by paid placements for searches; delivering traffic to our partners in the form of subscribers, page views or e-commerce transactions; advertising our partners’ products and services in our various online properties and electronic publications, including the Personal Start PageTM; referring our customers to our partners’ products and services; and monthly fees charged for ancillary services.
Value-added services revenues decreased 26% from $31.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $23.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased 23% from $97.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $75.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decreases over the prior year periods were due primarily to decreases in search advertising revenues and in partnership advertising revenues. Also contributing to the decrease during the three month period was a decrease in sales of security products to our value-priced narrowband customers, resulting from the decrease in average value-priced narrowband customers.
Business services revenue
The primary component of business services revenues is access and service revenues. Business access and service revenues consist of retail and wholesale fees charged for high-speed, high-capacity access services including DSL, cable, satellite and dedicated circuit services; fees charged for high-speed data networks for small and medium-sized businesses; installation fees; termination fees; fees for equipment; regulatory surcharges billed to customers; and web hosting. We earn web hosting revenues by leasing server space and providing web services to individuals and businesses wishing to have a web or e-commerce presence on the Internet.
Business access and service revenues decreased from $46.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $42.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased from $141.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $132.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decreases were primarily due to decreases in average business access and service subscribers, which were due to decreases in average web hosting accounts, average New Edge customers and average business narrowband customers. These decreases were offset by increases in business access and service ARPU, which were driven by increases in New Edge ARPU and increases in the mix of subscribers from lower ARPU business narrowband subscribers to higher ARPU New Edge subscribers.
Our business broadband subscriber base consists of customers which are added through retail and wholesale relationships. Retail business services generally have an ARPU between $100 and $130 for non-networked solutions and an ARPU between $175 and $225 for networked solutions. Wholesale business services generally have an ARPU between $75 and $95. The pricing of broadband services for small and medium-sized businesses depends upon customer requirements for different service delivery methods, amounts of bandwidth, quality of service and distance from the points of presence, and may vary widely from these ranges. The number of customers being added or served at any point in time through our wholesale efforts is subject to the business and marketing circumstances of our telecommunications partners.
Cost of revenues
Service and equipment costs are the primary component of our cost of revenues and consist of telecommunications fees, set-up fees, network equipment costs incurred to provide our Internet access services, depreciation of our network equipment and surcharges due to regulatory agencies. Service and equipment costs also include the cost of Internet appliances. Our principal provider for narrowband telecommunications services is Level 3 Communications, Inc., and our largest providers of broadband connectivity are Covad Communications Group, Inc. (“Covad”) and Time Warner Cable. We also do lesser amounts of business with a wide variety of local, regional and other national providers. We purchase broadband access from Incumbent
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Local Exchange Carriers, Competitive Local Exchange Carriers and cable providers. Cost of revenues also includes sales incentives. We offer sales incentives such as free modems and Internet access on a trial basis.
Total cost of revenues decreased 20% from $109.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $87.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased 18% from $337.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $277.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decrease during the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period was comprised of a $17.8 million decrease in consumer services cost of revenues and a $4.3 million decrease in business services cost of revenues. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period was comprised of a $48.0 million decrease in consumer services cost of revenues and a $12.2 million decrease in business services cost of revenues. Consumer services cost of revenues decreased due to the decline in average consumer services subscribers. Consumer services cost of revenues also declined as a result of a decrease in sales incentives resulting from fewer gross subscriber additions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 as we reduced our sales and marketing activities. Business services cost of revenues decreased due to the decreases in average business services subscribers and decreases in average monthly costs per subscriber, primarily as a result of a decrease in New Edge cost of revenues due to more favorable agreements with telecommunications service providers.
Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses include advertising and promotion expenses, fees paid to distribution partners to acquire new paying subscribers, personnel-related expenses and telemarketing costs incurred to acquire subscribers. Sales and marketing expenses decreased 69% from $71.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $22.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased 68% from $246.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $78.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. These decreases consisted primarily of decreases in consumer services sales and marketing expenses as we decreased spending aimed at customers that had high acquisition costs and early life churn and as we realized benefits from the corporate restructuring plan adopted in August 2007 to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of our operations (“the 2007 Plan”). Although we expect to continue to realize benefits during the remainder of 2008 compared to 2007 as we scale back sales and marketing efforts in connection with our refocused strategy, we do not anticipate the type of large-scale cost reduction opportunities that we have experienced during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Operations and customer support
Operations and customer support expenses consist of costs associated with technical support and customer service, providing our subscribers with toll-free access to our technical support and customer service centers, maintenance of customer information systems, software development and network operations. Operations and customer support expenses decreased 38% from $54.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $34.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased 39% from $174.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $106.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decreases in operations and customer support expenses consisted of decreases in personnel-related costs, outsourced labor, professional fees and occupancy costs. These decreases were primarily attributable to our efforts to reduce our back-office cost structure, including to benefits realized as a result of the 2007 Plan. In addition, we experienced a decrease in call volumes for customer service and technical support as our overall subscriber base has decreased and as our tenured customers require less customer and technical support. Although we expect operations and customer support expenses to continue to decrease in 2008 compared to 2007 as a result of the 2007 Plan and our refocused strategy, we do not anticipate the type of large-scale cost reduction opportunities that we have experienced during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses consist of costs associated with the executive, finance, legal and human resources departments; outside professional services; payment processing; credit card fees; collections;
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and bad debt. General and administrative expenses decreased 19% from $28.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 to $23.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, and decreased 29% from $101.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $72.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The decrease in general and administrative expenses during the three month period consisted primarily of decreases in bad debt and payment processing fees, personnel-related costs and professional fees. The decrease in general and administrative expenses during the nine month period consisted primarily of decreases in bad debt and payment processing fees, personnel-related costs, professional and legal fees, and stock-based compensation expense. Bad debt and payment processing fees decreased due to the decrease in our overall subscriber base and due to our subscriber base consisting of more tenured customers, who have a lower frequency of non-payment. The decreases in other costs were attributable to our efforts to reduce our back-office cost structure, including benefits realized as a result of the 2007 Plan. Although we expect general and administrative expenses to continue to decrease in 2008 compared to 2007 as a result of the 2007 Plan and our refocused strategy, we do not anticipate the type of large-scale cost reduction opportunities that we have experienced during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The decrease in stock-based compensation expense during the nine month period was due to the inclusion of $6.4 million of cash and non-cash compensation expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 related to the death of our former Chief Executive Officer, Charles G. Betty, on January 2, 2007. This compensation expense included $3.5 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the accelerated vesting of 1.1 million stock options and 0.1 million restricted stock units, $1.4 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the extension of the exercise period for Mr. Betty’s stock options and $1.5 million of compensation expense for a payment to Mr. Betty’s estate in accordance with his employment agreement.
Stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expense in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R) was allocated as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Sales and marketing | | $ | 1,186 | | $ | 1,259 | | $ | 2,590 | | $ | 4,083 | |
Operations and customer support | | 2,080 | | 2,197 | | 4,839 | | 6,985 | |
General and administrative | | 1,037 | | 1,141 | | 7,652 | | 3,251 | |
| | $ | 4,303 | | $ | 4,597 | | $ | 15,081 | | $ | 14,319 | |
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Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization of intangible assets represents the amortization of definite lived intangible assets acquired in purchases of businesses and purchases of customer bases from other companies. Definite lived intangible assets, which primarily consist of subscriber bases and customer relationships, acquired software and technology, trade names and other assets, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which range from three to nine years. Amortization of intangible assets was $3.8 million and $3.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively, and $10.9 million and $11.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in amortization of intangible assets during the three month period was primarily due to certain identifiable definite lived intangible assets becoming fully amortized over the past year. The increase in amortization of intangible assets during the nine month period was primarily due to amortization of identifiable definite lived intangible assets resulting from acquisitions of subscriber bases from ISPs over the past year and changes in the estimated useful lives of certain of our identifiable definite lived intangible assets, offset by certain identifiable definite lived intangible assets becoming fully amortized over the past year.
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs
Facility exit, restructuring and other costs consisted of the following for the periods presented:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
2007 Restructuring Plan | | | | | | | | | |
Severance and personnel-related costs | | $ | 29,197 | | $ | — | | $ | 29,197 | | $ | 474 | |
Lease termination and facilities-related costs | | 729 | | 1,347 | | 729 | | 3,352 | |
Non-cash asset impairments | | 3,487 | | 201 | | 3,487 | | 514 | |
Other associated costs | | 749 | | (389 | ) | 749 | | 81 | |
| | 34,162 | | 1,159 | | 34,162 | | 4,421 | |
Legacy Restructuring Plans | | — | | (81 | ) | — | | (252 | ) |
Total facility exit, restucturing and other | | $ | 34,162 | | $ | 1,078 | | $ | 34,162 | | $ | 4,169 | |
In August 2007, we adopted a restructuring plan to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of our operations. The 2007 Plan was the result of a comprehensive review of operations within and across our functions and businesses. Under the 2007 Plan, we reduced our workforce by approximately 900 employees, closed office facilities in Orlando, Florida; Knoxville, Tennessee; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and San Francisco, California and are consolidating our office facilities in Atlanta, Georgia and Pasadena, California. The 2007 Plan was primarily implemented during the latter half of 2007 and is expected to be completed during 2008. Management continues to evaluate our business and, therefore, may have supplemental provisions for new plan initiatives as well as changes in estimates to amounts previously recorded, as payments are made or actions are completed.
We periodically evaluate and adjust our estimates for facility exit and restructuring costs for legacy restructuring plans implemented during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 (“Legacy Plans”) based on currently-available information and record such adjustments as facility exit, restructuring and other costs. Facility exit, restructuring and other costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 also included $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in reductions to facility exit, restructuring and other costs as a result of changes in estimates for Legacy Plans.
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Net losses of equity affiliate
We accounted for our investment in HELIO under the equity method of accounting because we were able to exert significant influence over HELIO’s operating and financial policies. Accordingly, we recorded our proportionate share of HELIO’s net losses. These equity method losses were offset by increases in the carrying value of our investment associated with amortizing the difference between the book value of non-cash assets contributed to HELIO and their fair value.
Net losses of equity affiliate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 of $41.9 million and $111.3 million, respectively, included our proportionate share of HELIO’s net losses offset by amortization associated with recognizing the difference between the carrying value and fair value of non-cash assets contributed. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we stopped recording additional net losses of equity affiliate because the carrying value of our investment in HELIO was reduced to zero. As a result, we did not record any net losses of equity affiliate during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. In August 2008, Virgin Mobile acquired HELIO and our equity and debt investments in HELIO were exchanged for limited partnership units equivalent to approximately 1.8 million shares of Virgin Mobile common stock. As a result, we no longer have an investment in HELIO.
Gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recognized a net loss on investments in other companies of $5.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively. This consisted primarily of $7.0 million of impairment losses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 due to declines of the value of certain of our investments in other companies that were deemed other than temporary. We also received $1.2 million and $1.4 million in cash distributions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively, from eCompanies Venture Group, L.P. (“EVG”), a limited partnership that has invested in domestic emerging Internet-related companies, which were recorded as a gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recognized a net gain on investments in other companies of $4.4 million and $5.7 million, respectively. This consisted primarily of a gain of $4.4 million recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 as a result of the Virgin Mobile transaction. The nine months ended September 30, 2008 also included a gain of $2.0 million from the sale of our Covad common stock to Platinum Equity, LLC and an impairment loss of $0.7 million due to other-than-temporary declines of the value of our investments in other companies. All of these transactions were recorded as gain (loss) on investments in other companies, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Interest income (expense) and other, net
Interest income (expense) and other, net, is primarily comprised of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities; interest earned on the Covad debt investment; interest expense incurred on our Convertible Senior Notes due November 15, 2026; and other miscellaneous income and expense items. Interest income (expense) and other, net, decreased $4.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period and decreased $10.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period. The decreases were primarily due to a decrease in interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities due to lower investment yields and the liquidation of our Covad debt investment, which was repurchased by Platinum Equity, LLC in April 2008.
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Provision for income taxes
We have recorded income taxes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 based on management’s current annual operating expectations in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” and Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting.”
We continue to maintain a full valuation allowance against our unrealized deferred tax assets, which include net operating loss carryforwards. We may recognize deferred tax assets in future periods when they are determined to be more likely than not realizable. To the extent we report income in future periods, we intend to use our net operating loss carryforwards to the extent available to offset taxable income and reduce cash outflows for income taxes. Our ability to use our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and federal and state tax credit carryforwards may be subject to restrictions attributable to equity transactions in the future resulting from changes in ownership as defined under the Internal Revenue Code.
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 reflects our municipal wireless broadband operations. In November 2007, management concluded that our municipal wireless broadband operations were no longer consistent with our strategic direction and our Board of Directors authorized management to pursue the sale of our municipal wireless broadband assets. The municipal wireless results of operations were previously included in our Consumer Services segment.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we transferred our municipal wireless broadband networks to the cities of Corpus Christi, TX and Milpitas, CA in exchange for releasing us from our existing network agreements. We also transferred our municipal wireless broadband networks in the city of Philadelphia, PA to a local Philadelphia company. Additionally, we terminated our municipal wireless broadband service in New Orleans, LA and Anaheim, CA and removed our network equipment from those cities. As of September 30, 2008, the divestiture of our municipal wireless broadband assets was substantially complete.
We recorded impairment and other costs of $0.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 related to our municipal wireless broadband operations. We recorded impairment and other costs of $6.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, including $2.6 million for non-cash asset impairments; $0.3 million for severance and personnel-related costs; and $3.2 million for other associated costs. These charges are reflected within discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents summarized results of operations related to our discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Revenues | | $ | 771 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 1,368 | | $ | 1,306 | |
Operating costs and expenses | | (11,443 | ) | (842 | ) | (28,953 | ) | (4,534 | ) |
Impairment and other costs | | (20,658 | ) | (128 | ) | (20,658 | ) | (6,081 | ) |
Income tax benefit | | — | | 271 | | — | | 871 | |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | | $ | (31,330 | ) | $ | (681 | ) | $ | (48,243 | ) | $ | (8,438 | ) |
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Facility Exit and Restructuring Costs
2007 Plan. We expect to incur future cash outflows for real estate obligations through 2014 related to the 2007 Plan. The following table summarizes activity for the liability balances associated with the 2007 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, including changes during the year attributable to costs incurred and charged to expense and costs paid or otherwise settled:
| | Severance | | | | Asset | | Other | | | |
| | and Benefits | | Facilities | | Impairments | | Costs | | Total | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Balance as of December 31, 2007 | | $ | 12,041 | | $ | 16,124 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 28,165 | |
Accruals | | 474 | | 3,352 | | 514 | | 81 | | 4,421 | |
Payments | | (12,502 | ) | (4,638 | ) | — | | (81 | ) | (17,221 | ) |
Non-cash charges | | — | | 1,062 | | (514 | ) | — | | 548 | |
Balance as of September 30, 2008 | | $ | 13 | | $ | 15,900 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 15,913 | |
Legacy Plans. As of September 30, 2008, we had $1.6 million remaining for real estate commitments associated with the Legacy Plans. All other costs have been paid or otherwise settled. We expect to incur future cash outflows for real estate obligations through 2010 related to the Legacy Plans.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table sets forth summarized cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008:
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | 2008 | |
| | (in thousands) | |
| | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (125,633 | ) | $ | 162,376 | |
Non-cash items | | 187,839 | | 60,254 | |
Changes in working capital | | (7,713 | ) | (48,053 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 54,493 | | $ | 174,577 | |
| | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | $ | (98,412 | ) | $ | 109,280 | |
| | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | $ | (19,445 | ) | $ | (25,145 | ) |
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period primarily due to a decrease in costs to acquire and support new customers, decrease in operating costs resulting from our efforts to reduce our back-office costs structure, benefits realized from the 2007 Plan and a reduction in customer support costs and bad debt expense as our overall subscriber base has decreased and become more tenured. In addition, cash provided by operating activities was negatively impacted during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 due to spending for our prior growth initiatives.
Non-cash items include items that are not expected to generate or require the use of cash, such as depreciation and amortization relating to our network, facilities and intangible assets, net losses of equity affiliate, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation, non-cash disposals and impairments of fixed assets and gain on investments in other companies, net. Non-cash items decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period due to decreases in net losses of equity affiliate and depreciation expense. These decreases were offset by an increase in deferred income taxes.
Changes in working capital requirements include changes in accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities and deferred revenue. Cash used for working capital requirements increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the prior year period
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primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulting from the decrease in operating costs and expenses and the discontinuation of our municipal wireless broadband operations. Cash used for working capital requirements also increased due to cash payments resulting from our 2007 corporate restructuring plan.
Investing activities
Our investing activities used cash of $98.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This consisted primarily of $42.3 million of capital expenditures, primarily associated with network and technology center related projects; $30.0 million loaned to HELIO; $19.5 million of contributions to HELIO; $6.5 million to purchase subscriber bases from other ISPs; and $2.1 million of purchases of investments in marketable securities, net of sales and maturities. Our investing activities provided cash of $109.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This consisted of $56.9 million of sales and maturities of investments in marketable securities, net of sales, and $57.1 million received for our Covad investment, offset by $3.9 million of capital expenditures and $0.9 million used for purchases of subscriber bases from other ISPs.
Financing activities
Our financing activities used cash of $19.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, which primarily consisted of $25.0 million used to purchase 3.9 million shares of our common stock, offset by proceeds of $5.7 million from the exercise of stock options. Our financing activities used cash of $25.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This consisted of $31.9 million used to repurchase 3.8 million shares of our common stock and $2.7 million for principal payments under capital lease obligations, which was primarily due to $2.5 million used to repay our General Electric Capital Corporation lease obligation. This was offset by $8.0 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2008, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Share Repurchase Program
The Board of Directors has authorized a total of $750.0 million to repurchase our common stock under our share repurchase program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we repurchased 3.8 million shares of our common stock for $31.9 million. As of September 30, 2008, we had utilized approximately $580.9 million pursuant to the authorizations and had $169.1 million available under the current authorization. We may repurchase our common stock from time to time in compliance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s regulations and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program does not require us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.
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Income Taxes
We continue to maintain a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, consisting primarily of net operating loss carryforwards. We may recognize deferred tax assets in future periods when they are determined to be realizable. To the extent we may owe income taxes in future periods, we intend to use our net operating loss carryforwards to the extent available to reduce cash outflows for income taxes.
Future Uses of Cash and Funding Sources
We expect to continue to use cash to acquire and retain new and existing subscribers for our services, including purchases of subscriber bases from other ISPs. We will also use cash to pay real estate obligations associated with facilities exited in our restructuring plan and to pay obligations associated with post-employment benefits. We also expect to incur capital expenditures to maintain and upgrade our network and technology infrastructure. The actual amount of capital expenditures may fluctuate due to a number of factors which are difficult to predict and could change significantly over time. Additionally, technological advances may require us to make capital expenditures to develop or acquire new equipment or technology in order to replace aging or technologically obsolete equipment. Finally, we may also use cash to repurchase common stock under our existing share repurchase program.
Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including the pricing of our access services, our ability to maintain our customer base, the costs required to maintain our network infrastructure, the size and types of acquisitions in which we may engage and the level of resources used for our sales and marketing activities, among others.
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities, as well as the cash flow we generate from our operations. As of September 30, 2008, we had $432.5 million in cash and cash equivalents. In addition, we held long-term investments in marketable securities valued at $52.4 million. Long-term investments in marketable securities consist of investments that have maturity dates of more than one year from the balance sheet date.
As of September 30, 2008, $52.4 million of our long-term investments in marketable securities were auction rate securities. These securities are variable-rate debt instruments whose underlying agreements have contractual maturities of up to 40 years. The securities are issued by various state related higher education agencies. The higher education securities are primarily secured by student loans guaranteed by the agencies and reinsured by the United States Department of Education. Liquidity for these auction rate securities is typically provided by an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals, usually every 28 days. Beginning in February 2008, all of our auction rate securities failed to attract sufficient buyers, resulting in our continuing to hold such securities. In October 2008, we entered into an agreement with the broker that sold us our auction rate securities that gives us the right to sell our existing auction rate securities back to the broker at par plus accrued interest, beginning on June 30, 2010 until July 2, 2012. The agreement also grants the broker the right to buy our auction rate securities at par plus accrued interest, until July 2, 2012. In addition, while all of our auction rate securities are currently rated AAA, if the auctions continue to fail or if the credit ratings on the securities deteriorate, we may in the future be required to record an other-than-temporary impairment charge on these investments. Based on our remaining cash and marketable securities and operating cash flows, we do not anticipate the current lack of liquidity on these investments will affect our ability to operate our business as usual.
In April 2008, Platinum Equity, LLC acquired all outstanding shares of Covad. As a result, we received cash of $50.8 million for the aggregate principal amount of the 12% Senior Secured Convertible Notes due 2011 held by us plus accrued interest in April 2008 and we received cash of $6.3 million for our 6.1 million shares of Covad common stock in May 2008.
In September 2008, we terminated our convertible note hedge and warrant agreements. Upon termination of the agreements, we purchased approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock the counterparties held in hedge positions for approximately $22.7 million, based on the closing price of the EarthLink common stock on September 4, 2008.
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Our available cash and marketable securities, together with our results of operations, are expected to be sufficient to meet our operating expenses, capital requirements and investment and other obligations for the next 12 months. However, as a result of other investment activities and possible acquisition opportunities, we may seek additional financing in the future. We have no commitments for any additional financing and have no lines of credit or similar sources of financing. We cannot be sure that we can obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all, through the issuance of equity securities or the incurrence of additional debt. Additional equity financing may dilute our stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may restrict our ability to repurchase common stock, declare and pay dividends and raise future capital. If we are unable to obtain additional needed financing, it may prohibit us from making acquisitions, capital expenditures and/or investments, which could materially and adversely affect our prospects for long-term growth.
Related Party Transactions
HELIO
As a result of our ownership interest in HELIO, HELIO was considered a related party. In August 2008, Virgin Mobile acquired HELIO and our equity and debt investments in HELIO were exchanged for limited partnership units of Virgin Mobile. EarthLink and HELIO have entered into a services agreement pursuant to which we provide HELIO billing and other support services in exchange for management fees. The service agreement will remain in effect through the remainder of 2008. The management fees were determined based on our costs to provide the services, and management believes such fees are reasonable. The total amount of fees that HELIO pays to us depends on the extent to which HELIO utilizes our services. Fees for services provided to HELIO are reflected as reductions to the associated expenses incurred by us to provide such services. During the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, fees received for services provided to HELIO were $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, fees received for services provided to HELIO were $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, we had accounts receivable from HELIO of approximately $0.2 million.
Safe Harbor Statement
The Management’s Discussion and Analysis and other portions of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include “forward-looking” statements (rather than historical facts) that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described. Although we believe that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot promise that our expectations will turn out to be correct. Our actual results could be materially different from and worse than our expectations. With respect to such forward-looking statements, we seek the protections afforded by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These risks include, without limitation, (1) that changes to our business strategy will reduce our revenues; (2) that the continued decline of our consumer access services revenues could adversely affect our profitability; (3) that prices for certain of our consumer access services have been decreasing, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability; (4) that adverse economic conditions may harm our business, particularly our business services segment; (5) that as a result of our continuing review of our business, we may have to undertake further restructuring plans that would require additional charges including incurring facility exit and restructuring charges; (6) that we face significant competition which could reduce our market share and reduce our profitability; (7) that we may be unsuccessful in making and integrating acquisitions and investments into our business, which could result in operating difficulties, losses and other adverse consequences; (8) that we may not be able to successfully manage the costs associated with delivering our broadband services, which could adversely affect our results of operations; (9) that companies may not provide access to us on a wholesale basis or on reasonable terms or prices, which could cause our operating results to suffer; (10) that if we do not continue to innovate and provide products and services that are useful to subscribers, we may not remain competitive, and our revenues and operating results could suffer; (11) that our commercial and alliance arrangements may be terminated or may not be as beneficial as anticipated, which could adversely affect our ability to retain or increase our subscriber base; (12) that our business may suffer if third parties used for technical and customer support and certain billing services are unable to provide
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these services, cannot expand to meet our needs or terminate their relationships with us; (13) that service interruptions or impediments could harm our business; (14) that government regulations could adversely affect our business or force us to change our business practices; (15) that we may not be able to protect our proprietary technologies; (16) that we may be accused of infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, which is costly to defend and could limit our ability to use certain technologies in the future; (17) that we could face substantial liabilities if we are unable to successfully defend against legal actions; (18) that our business depends on the continued development of effective business support systems, processes and personnel; (19) that we may be unable to hire and retain sufficient qualified personnel, and the loss of any of our key executive officers could adversely affect us; (20) that our VoIP business exposes us to certain risks that could cause us to lose customers, expose us to significant liability or otherwise harm our business; (21) that the use of our net operating losses and certain other tax attributes could be limited in the future; (22) that our stock price has been volatile historically and may continue to be volatile; (23) that our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and limit our ability to react to changes in our industry; and (24) that provisions of our second restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and other elements of our capital structure could limit our share price and delay a change of management. These risks and uncertainties, as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations, are not intended to represent a complete list of all risks and uncertainties inherent in our business, and should be read in conjunction with the more detailed cautionary statements and risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, other than those discussed below.
Auction Rate Securities
The Company is exposed to risk with respect to its auction rate securities. These securities are variable-rate debt instruments whose underlying agreements have contractual maturities of up to 40 years. These securities are issued by various state regulated higher education agencies. The securities are predominantly secured by student loans guaranteed by the agencies and reinsured by the United States Department of Education. Liquidity for these auction rate securities is typically provided by an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals, usually every 28 days. Beginning in February 2008, the Company’s auction rate securities failed to attract sufficient buyers, resulting in our continuing to hold such securities.
Due to the lack of availability of observable market quotes, the fair values of the Company’s auction rate securities were estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis as of September 30, 2008. These analyses consider, among other items, the collateralization underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty and the timing and value of expected future cash flows. As a result of temporary declines in the fair value of the Company’s auction rate securities, which the Company attributes to liquidity issues rather than credit issues, it has recorded an unrealized loss of $5.3 million as of September 30, 2008 to reduce the cost basis of $57.8 million to the estimated fair value of $52.4 million. The Company will continue to evaluate the fair value of its investments in auction rate securities each reporting period for a potential other-than-temporary impairment. While all of the Company’s auction rate securities are currently rated AAA, if the market does not recover or if the credit ratings on the securities deteriorate, it may in the future be required to record an other-than-temporary impairment charge on these investments.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
EarthLink is a party to various legal proceedings that are ordinary and incidental to its business. Management does not expect that any currently pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on EarthLink’s results of operations or financial position.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Set forth below is a material update to the risk factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Adverse economic conditions may harm our business, particularly our business services segment.
Unfavorable economic conditions, including the possibility of a recession and recent disruptions to the credit and financial markets, could cause customers to slow spending. Specifically, we believe our small and medium sized business customers are more exposed to an economic downturn in the economy than our consumer customers. If demand for our services decreases, corporate spending for our services decreases or the downsizing by business customers of their businesses increases, our revenues would be adversely affected and churn may increase. In addition, during challenging economic times our business customers may face issues gaining timely access to sufficient credit, which may impair the ability of our customers to pay for services they have purchased. Any of the above could cause us to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivable, to impair amounts capitalized as intangible assets, including goodwill, or otherwise have a material effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The number of shares repurchased and the average price paid per share for each month in the three months ended September 30, 2008 are as follows:
2008 | | Total Number of Shares Repurchased | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (2) | | Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program | |
| | (in thousands, except average price paid per share) | |
July 1 through July 31 | | — | | $ | — | | — | | $ | 191,839 | |
August 1 through August 31 | | — | | — | | — | | 191,839 | |
September 1 through September 30 | | 2,520 | | 9.02 | | 2,520 | | 169,108 | |
Total | | 2,520 | | | | 2,520 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) Since the inception of the share repurchase program (“Repurchase Program”), the Board of Directors has authorized a total of $750.0 million for the repurchase of our common stock. The Board of Directors has also approved repurchasing common stock pursuant to plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We may repurchase our common stock from time to time in compliance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s regulations and other legal requirements, including through the use of derivative transactions, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The Repurchase Program does not require EarthLink to acquire any specific number of shares and may be terminated at any time.
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Item 5. Other Information.
The Company announces that it has designated Bradley A. Ferguson as the Company’s principal accounting officer for Securities and Exchange Commission periodic reporting purposes. Mr. Ferguson (whose Company officer title and function is not changing) has been the Company’s Vice President, Controller since September 2005 and previously had been the Company’s Vice President – Commercial Finance since September 2002. Mr. Ferguson has been an officer of the Company since its merger with MindSpring Enterprises, Inc. in February 2000 and was an officer of MindSpring prior to that time.
Item 6. Exhibits.
(a) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | EARTHLINK, INC. |
| | | |
| | | |
Date: | October 31, 2008 | | /s/ ROLLA P. HUFF |
| | | Rolla P. Huff, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) |
| | | |
| | | |
Date: | October 31, 2008 | | /s/ KEVIN M. DOTTS |
| | | Kevin M. Dotts, Chief Financial Officer |
| | | (principal financial officer) |
| | | |
| | | |
Date: | October 31, 2008 | | /s/ BRADLEY A. FERGUSON |
| | | Bradley A. Ferguson, Vice President and Corporate Controller |
| | | (principal accounting officer) |
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