SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] | ' |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | ' |
2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION |
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The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cabot Microelectronics and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances between the companies have been eliminated as of September 30, 2013. |
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USE OF ESTIMATES |
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The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates that require management's most difficult and subjective judgments include, but are not limited to, those estimates related to bad debt expense, warranty obligations, inventory valuation, valuation and classification of auction rate securities, impairment of long-lived assets and investments, business combinations, goodwill, other intangible assets, share-based compensation, income taxes and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience, current conditions and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. However, future events are subject to change and estimates and judgments routinely require adjustment. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. |
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CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS |
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We consider investments in all highly liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments include securities generally having maturities of 90 days to one year. We did not own any securities that were considered short-term as of September 30, 2013 or 2012. See Note 3 for a more detailed discussion of other financial instruments. |
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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS |
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Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the potential inability of our customers to make required payments. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical collection experience, adjusted for any specific known conditions or circumstances such as customer bankruptcies and increased risk due to economic conditions. Uncollectible account balances are charged against the allowance when we believe that it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. |
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Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, was $54,640 as of September 30, 2013 and $53,506 as of September 30, 2012. In fiscal 2012, we recorded $3,727 in bad debt expense for Elpida Memory, Inc. (Elpida), a significant customer in Japan that filed bankruptcy protection in February 2012. Elpida has paid the Company on a current basis for all shipments made subsequent to its bankruptcy filing, and pursuant to its bankruptcy plan, will pay us approximately 17% of the balance owed over a period of seven years. Consequently, we charged off approximately 83% of the Elpida accounts receivable balance against the related allowance for doubtful accounts during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013. Amounts charged to expense are recorded in general and administrative expenses. A portion of our receivables and the related allowance for doubtful accounts is denominated in foreign currencies, so they are subject to forein exchange fluctuations which are included in the table below under the deductions and adjustments. |
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Our allowance for doubtful accounts changed during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013 as follows: | | $ | 4,757 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance as of September 30, 2012 | | | | | | | | |
Amounts charged to expense | | | 173 | | | | | | | | | |
Deductions and adjustments | | | (3,398 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of September 30, 2013 | | $ | 1,532 | | | | | | | | | |
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CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK |
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Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers' financial conditions and generally do not require collateral to secure accounts receivable. Our exposure to credit risk associated with nonpayment is affected principally by conditions or occurrences within the semiconductor industry and global economy. Prior to the Elpida bankruptcy in fiscal 2012, we had not experienced significant losses relating to accounts receivable from individual customers or groups of customers. |
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Customers who represented more than 10% of revenue are as follows: |
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| | Year Ended September 30, | |
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC) | | | 21 | % | | | 18 | % | | | 17 | % |
Samsung | | | 13 | % | | | 13 | % | | | 10 | % |
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TSMC accounted for 16.7% and 17.1% of net accounts receivable at September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Samsung accounted for 11.8% and 12.1% of net accounts receivable at September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
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The recorded amounts of cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their short-term, highly liquid characteristics. The fair value of our long-term auction rate securities (ARS) is determined through discounted cash flow analyses. See Note 3 for a more detailed discussion of the fair value of financial instruments. |
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INVENTORIES |
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Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis, or market. Finished goods and work in process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs. We regularly review and write down the value of inventory as required for estimated obsolescence or lack of marketability. An inventory reserve is maintained based upon a historical percentage of actual inventories written off and applied against inventory value at the end of the period, adjusted for known conditions and circumstances. |
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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT |
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Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is based on the following estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method: |
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Buildings | 15-25 years | | | | | | | | | | | |
Machinery and equipment | 3-10 years | | | | | | | | | | | |
Furniture and fixtures | 5-10 years | | | | | | | | | | | |
Information systems | 3-5 years | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets under capital leases | Lesser of term of lease or estimated useful life | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful lives. As assets are retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. We capitalize the costs related to the design and development of software used for internal purposes; however, these costs are not material. |
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IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS |
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Reviews are regularly performed to determine whether facts and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable or the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Asset recoverability assessment begins by comparing the projected undiscounted cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If assets are determined to be recoverable, but their useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the net book value of the asset is depreciated over the newly determined remaining useful life. |
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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS |
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We amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives, which range from one to ten and one half years. Intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment using a process similar to that used to evaluate other long-lived assets. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized and are tested annually in the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, using a fair-value-based approach. The recoverability of goodwill is measured at the reporting unit level, which is defined as either an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. A component is a reporting unit when the component constitutes a business for which discreet financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of the component. Components may be combined into one reporting unit when they have similar economic characteristics. We had three reporting units to which we allocated goodwill and intangible assets as of September 30, 2013. Goodwill impairment testing requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to the carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, goodwill is considered impaired. The amount of the impairment is the difference between the carrying value of goodwill and the "implied" fair value. The fair value of the reporting unit may be determined using a discounted cash flow analysis of our projected future results. An entity has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine if the two-step impairment test must be performed. We elected to perform a discounted cash flow analysis in fiscal 2013 when we performed our annual impairment review of goodwill. An entity also has the option to assess qualitative factors in its impairment review of indefinite-lived intangible assets. However, we elected to use the royalty savings method in fiscal 2013 when we performed our impairment review of our indefinite-lived intangible assets. We determined that goodwill and other intangible assets were not impaired as of September 30, 2013. |
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WARRANTY RESERVE |
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We maintain a warranty reserve that reflects management's best estimate of the cost to replace product that does not meet our specifications and customers' performance requirements. The warranty reserve is based upon a historical product return rate, adjusted for any specific known conditions or circumstances. Adjustments to the warranty reserve are recorded in cost of goods sold. |
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FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION |
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Certain operating activities in Asia and Europe are denominated in local currency, considered to be the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the year, and revenue and costs are translated using weighted-average exchange rates for the year. The related translation adjustments are reported in comprehensive income in stockholders' equity. |
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FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT |
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We transact business in various foreign currencies, primarily the Japanese yen, the New Taiwan dollar and Korean won. Our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks has not been significant because a large portion of our business is denominated in U.S. dollars. However, there was a significant weakening of the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar during fiscal 2013, which had some positive impact on our results of operations. Periodically we enter into forward foreign exchange contracts in an effort to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency balance sheet exposures. Our foreign exchange contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under the accounting rules for derivative instruments. See Note 10 for a more detailed discussion of derivative financial instruments. |
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INTERCOMPANY LOAN ACCOUNTING |
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We maintain intercompany loan agreements with our wholly-owned subsidiary, Nihon Cabot Microelectronics K.K. ("the K.K."), under which we provided funds to the K.K. to finance the purchase of certain assets from our former Japanese branch at the time of the establishment of this subsidiary, for the purchase of land adjacent to our Geino, Japan, facility, for the construction of our Asia Pacific technology center, and for the purchase of a 300 millimeter polishing tool and related metrology equipment, all of which are part of the K.K., as well as for general business purposes. Since settlement of the notes is expected in the foreseeable future, and our subsidiary has been consistently making timely payments on the loans, the loans are considered foreign-currency transactions. Therefore the associated foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized as other income or expense rather than being deferred in the cumulative translation account in other comprehensive income. |
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We also maintain intercompany loan agreements between some of our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, including from Cabot Microelectronics Singapore Pte. Ltd. and Epoch Material Co., Ltd. in Taiwan to Hanguk Cabot Microelectronics, LLC in South Korea. These loans have provided funds for the construction and operation of our research, development and manufacturing facility in South Korea. These loans are also considered foreign currency transactions and are accounted for in the same manner as our intercompany loans to the K.K. |
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PURCHASE COMMITMENTS |
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We have entered into unconditional purchase obligations, which include noncancelable purchase commitments and take-or-pay arrangements with suppliers. We review our agreements and make an assessment of the likelihood of a shortfall in purchases and determine if it is necessary to record a liability. |
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REVENUE RECOGNITION |
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Revenue from CMP consumable products is recognized when title is transferred to the customer, assuming all revenue recognition criteria are met. Title transfer generally occurs upon shipment to the customer or when inventory held on consignment is consumed by the customer, subject to the terms and conditions of the particular customer arrangement. We have consignment agreements with a number of our customers that require, at a minimum, monthly consumption reports that enable us to record revenue and inventory usage in the appropriate period. |
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We market our products through distributors in a few areas of the world. We recognize revenue upon shipment and when title is transferred to the distributor. We do not have any arrangements with distributors that include payment terms, rights of return, or rights of exchange outside the normal course of business, or any other significant matters that we believe would impact the timing of revenue recognition. |
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Within our Engineered Surface Finishes (ESF) business, sales of equipment are recorded as revenue upon delivery and customer acceptance. Amounts allocated to installation and training are deferred until those services are provided and are not material. |
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Revenues are reported net of any value-added tax or other such tax assessed by a governmental authority on our revenue-producing activities. |
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SHIPPING AND HANDLING |
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Costs related to shipping and handling are included in cost of goods sold. |
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RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNICAL |
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Research, development and technical costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of staffing costs, materials and supplies, depreciation, utilities and other facilities costs. |
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INCOME TAXES |
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Current income taxes are determined based on estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the current year. Deferred income taxes are determined using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Provisions are made for both U.S. and any foreign deferred income tax liability or benefit. We recognize the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. In fiscal 2012 and 2011, we elected to permanently reinvest the earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries outside the U.S. rather than repatriating the earnings to the U.S. In fiscal 2013, we elected to permanently reinvest the earnings of all of our foreign subsidiaries. See Note 15 for additional information on income taxes. |
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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION |
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We record share-based compensation expense for all share-based awards, including stock option grants, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards and employee stock purchases. We calculate share-based compensation expense using the straight-line approach based on awards ultimately expected to vest, which requires the use of an estimated forfeiture rate. Our estimated forfeiture rate is primarily based on historical experience, but may be revised in future periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimate. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of our stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the price volatility of the underlying stock, the expected term of our stock options and the risk-free interest rate. We estimate the expected volatility of our stock options based on a combination of our stock's historical volatility and the implied volatilities from actively-traded options on our stock. We calculate the expected term of our stock options using historical stock option exercise data, and we add a slight premium to this expected term for employees who meet the definition of retirement eligible pursuant to their grants during the contractual term of the grant. The risk-free rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. |
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The fair value of our restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards represents the closing price of our common stock on the date of award. |
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For additional information regarding our share-based compensation plans, refer to Note 11. |
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EARNINGS PER SHARE |
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Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of unvested restricted stock awards with a right to receive non-forfeitable dividends, which are considered participating securities as prescribed by the two class method under ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share (ASC 260). Diluted EPS is calculated in a similar manner, but the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period is increased to include the weighted-average dilutive effect of "in-the-money" stock options and unvested restricted stock shares using the treasury stock method. |
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COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
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Comprehensive income primarily differs from net income due to foreign currency translation adjustments. |
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EFFECTS OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS |
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In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, "Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Presentation of Comprehensive Income" (ASU 2011-05). The provisions of ASU 2011-05 require an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. If two separate statements are presented, the statement of other comprehensive income should immediately follow the statement of net income. ASU 2011-05 became effective for us in the quarter ended December 31, 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-05 changed the way we present comprehensive income as we now present comprehensive income in a separate statement immediately following the statement of net income rather than the prior annual presentation of comprehensive income within the statement of equity and quarterly presentation of comprehensive income within the footnotes to the financial statements. |
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In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, "Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" (ASU 2013-02). The provisions of ASU 2013-02 require an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. An entity is also required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified by the respective line items of net income if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts not required by U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in their entirety, an entity is required to cross reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP. ASU 2013-02 became effective for us in the quarter ended March 31, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2013-02 had no material impact on our financial statements as we did not have any material reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists" (ASU 2013-11). The provisions of ASU 2013-11 require an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward when the related deferred tax asset is available to be utilized. ASU 2013-11 is effective for us beginning October 1, 2014. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2013-11 will have a material impact on our financial statements. |
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