License and Development Agreements | 6. License and Development Agreements: The Company has periodically entered into license and development agreements to develop and commercialize its products. The arrangements typically are multi-deliverable arrangements that are funded through upfront payments, milestone payments, royalties and other forms of payment to the Company. The Company’s most significant license and development agreements are as follows: Meda License, Development and Supply Agreements In August 2006 and September 2007, the Company entered into certain agreements with Meda AB (“Meda”), a Swedish company to develop and commercialize the Company’s ONSOLIS ® product, a drug treatment for breakthrough cancer pain delivered utilizing the Company’s BEMA ® technology. The agreements relate to the United States, Mexico and Canada (“Meda U.S. Agreements”) and to certain countries in Europe (“Meda EU Agreements”). They carry license terms that commenced on the date of first commercial sale in each respective territory and end on the earlier of the entrance of a generic product to the market or upon expiration of the patents, which begin to expire in 2020. On March 12, 2012, the Company announced the postponement of the U.S. re-launch of ONSOLIS ® following the initiation of the class-wide Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”) until the product formulation could be modified to address two appearance-related issues. Such appearance-related issues involved the formation of microscopic crystals and a fading of the color in the mucoadhesive layer, raised by the FDA during an inspection of the Company’s North American manufacturing partner for ONSOLIS ® , Aveva Drug Delivery Systems, Inc. (“Aveva”). While the appearance issues do not affect the product’s underlying integrity, safety or performance, the FDA believes that the fading of the color in particular may potentially confuse patients, necessitating a modification of the product and its specification before it can be manufactured and distributed. The source of microcrystal formation and the potential for fading of the color in the mucoadhesive layer of ONSOLIS ® was found to be specific to a buffer used in its formulation. The Company modified the formulation and as of the date of this report has more than 12 months of stability data on the reformulated product that shows no signs of microcrystal formation or color changes. The Company determined that, upon inception of both the U.S. and EU Meda arrangements, all deliverables were considered one combined unit of accounting. As such, all cash payments from Meda that were related to these deliverables were initially recorded as deferred revenue. Upon commencement of the license term (date of first commercial sale in each territory), the license and certain deliverables associated with research and development services were delivered to Meda. The first commercial sale in the U.S. occurred in October 2009. As a result, $59.7 million of the aggregate milestones and services revenue was recognized as revenue in fiscal year 2009. On January 27, 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into an assignment and revenue sharing agreement with Meda to return to the Company the marketing authorization for ONSOLIS ® for the U.S. and the right to seek marketing authorizations for ONSOLIS ® in Canada and Mexico. Following return of the US marketing authorization from Meda, the Company submitted a prior approval supplement for the new formulation to the FDA in March 2015 that was approved in July 2015. Efforts to extend the Company’s supply agreement with the manufacturer, Aveva, who is now a subsidiary of Apotex, Inc. (“Apotex”), have been unsuccessful up to this point and the agreement expired on October 15, 2015. However, the Company is still in discussion with Aveva/Apotex regarding the manufacture of ONSOLIS ® . In addition, the Company has identified an alternate supplier and requested guidance from the FDA on the specifics required for obtaining approval to supply product from this new vendor. This will in part help the Company to better determine when ONSOLIS ® may be available to the marketplace and to allow the Company to move closer to a commercial partnership arrangement. U.S. related deferred revenue of $0.2 million and $0.5 million was recorded as contract revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Also, in connection with the return of the U.S. marketing authorization by Meda to the Company in January 2015, the remaining U.S.-related deferred revenue of $1.0 million was recorded as contract revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. No such revenue was recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Endo License and Development Agreement In January 2012, the Company entered into a License and Development Agreement with Endo pursuant to which the Company granted Endo an exclusive commercial world-wide license to develop, manufacture, market and sell the Company’s BELBUCA™ product and to complete U.S. development of such product candidate for purposes of seeking FDA approval (the “Endo Agreement”). BELBUCA™ is for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. Pursuant to the Endo Agreement, Endo has obtained all rights necessary to complete the clinical and commercial development of BELBUCA™ and to sell the product worldwide. Although Endo has obtained all such necessary rights, the Company has agreed under the Endo Agreement to be responsible for the completion of certain clinical trials regarding BELBUCA™ (and providing clinical trial materials for such trials) necessary to submit a New Drug Application (“NDA”) to the FDA in order to obtain approval of BELBUCA™ in the U.S.). The Company is responsible for development activities through the filing of the NDA in the U.S., while Endo is responsible for the development following the NDA submission as well as the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sales of BELBUCA™ on a worldwide basis. In addition, Endo is responsible for all filings required in order to obtain regulatory approval of BELBUCA™. Pursuant to the Endo Agreement, the Company has received (or is expected to receive upon satisfaction of applicable conditions) the following payments (some portion(s) of which will be utilized by the Company to support its development obligations under the Endo Agreement with respect to BELBUCA™): • $30 million non-refundable upfront license fee (earned in January 2012); • $15 million for enhancement of intellectual property rights (earned in May 2012); • $20 million for full enrollment in two clinical trials ($10 million earned in January 2014 and $10 million earned in June 2014); • $10 million upon FDA acceptance of filing NDA (earned in February 2015); • $50 million upon regulatory approval (earned in October 2015); • up to an aggregate of $55 million based on the achievement of four separate post-approval sales thresholds; and • sales-based royalties in a particular percentage range on U.S. sales of BELBUCA™, and royalties in a lesser range on sales outside the United States, subject to certain restrictions and adjustments. The Company has assessed its arrangement with Endo and the Company’s deliverables thereunder at inception to determine: (i) the separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes, (ii) which payments should be allocated to which of those units of accounting and (iii) the appropriate revenue recognition pattern or trigger for each of those payments. The assessment requires subjective analysis and requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about whether deliverables within multiple-element arrangements are separable and, if so, to determine the amount of arrangement consideration to be allocated to each unit of accounting. At the inception of the Endo arrangement, the Company determined that the Endo Agreement was a multi-deliverable arrangement with three deliverables: (1) the license rights related to BELBUCA™, (2) services related to obtaining enhanced intellectual property rights through the issuance of a particular patent and (3) clinical development services. The Company concluded that the license delivered to Endo at the inception of the Endo Agreement has stand-alone value. It was also determined that there was a fourth deliverable, the provision of clinical trial material (“CTM”). The amounts involved are, however, immaterial and delivered in essentially the same time frame as the clinical development services. Accordingly, the Company did not separately account for the CTM deliverable, but considers it part of the clinical development services deliverable. The initial non-refundable $30 million license fee was allocated to each of the three deliverables based upon their relative selling prices using best estimates. The analysis of the best estimate of the selling price of the deliverables was based on the income approach, the Company’s negotiations with Endo and other factors, and was further based on management’s estimates and assumptions which included consideration of how a market participant would use the license, estimated market opportunity and market share, the Company’s estimates of what contract research organizations would charge for clinical development services, the costs of clinical trial materials and other factors. Also considered were entity specific assumptions regarding the results of clinical trials, the likelihood of FDA approval of the subject product and the likelihood of commercialization based in part on the Company’s prior agreements with the BEMA ® Based on this analysis, $15.6 million of the up-front license fee was allocated to the license (which was estimated to have a value significantly in excess of $30 million), and $14.4 million to clinical development services (which is inclusive of the cost of CTM). Although the intellectual property component was considered a separate deliverable, no distinct amount of the up-front payment was assigned to this deliverable because the Company determined the deliverable to be perfunctory. The amount allocated to the license was recognized as revenue in fiscal year 2012. The portion of the upfront license fee allocated to the clinical development services deliverable of $14.4 million is being recognized as those services are performed. The Company estimated that such clinical development services would extend into the first half of 2015. Such services were completed by March 2015 and resulted in the recognition of $0.4 million during the nine months ended September, 30, 2015 in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. There was no contact revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2015. There was $0.5 million and $2.3 million recognized as contract revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The term of the Endo Agreement shall last, on a country-by-country basis, until the later of: (i) 10 years from the date of the first commercial sale of BELBUCA™ in a particular country or (ii) the date on which the last valid claim of the Company’s patents covering BELBUCA™ in a particular country has expired or been invalidated. The Endo Agreement shall be subject to termination by Endo, at any time, upon a specific timeframe of prior written notice to the Company and under certain other conditions by either party as specified in the Endo Agreement. The remaining milestone payments are expected to be recognized as revenue as they are achieved, except that one milestone is contingently refundable for a period of time. Revenue related to such contingently refundable milestone is expected to be recognized as refund provisions, as described in the Endo Agreement, expire. Sale threshold payments and sales-based royalties will be recognized as they accrue under the terms of the Endo Agreement. The Company is reimbursed by Endo for certain contractor costs when these costs go beyond set thresholds as outlined in the Endo Agreement. Endo reimburses the Company for this spending at cost and the Company receives no mark-up or profit. The gross amount of these reimbursed research and development costs are reported as research and development reimbursement revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company acts as a principal, has discretion to choose suppliers, bears credit risk and may perform part of the services required in the transactions. Therefore, these reimbursements are treated as revenue to the Company. The actual expenses creating the reimbursements are reflected as research and development expense. Beginning in March 2014, total reimbursable contractor costs exceeded a set threshold, at which point all such expenses are to be borne at a rate of 50% by Endo and 50% by the Company. Endo has continued to reimburse the Company for 100% of such costs, with 50% thereof to be taken by Endo as a credit against potential future milestones associated with achievement of certain regulatory events. As of September 30, 2015, the Company has recorded approximately $6 million of such cumulative payment in deferred revenue current in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. It is anticipated that such credit amount will be deducted from the $50 million regulatory approval milestone earned by the Company in October 2015 (see below and note 11). During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, the Company recognized $0.9 million and $12.1 million, respectively, of reimbursable expenses related to the Endo Agreement, which is recorded as research and development reimbursement revenue on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, the Company recognized $0.06 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of reimbursable expenses related to its Endo agreement, which is recorded as research and development reimbursement revenue on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. On December 23, 2014, the Company and Endo announced the submission of a NDA for BELBUCA ™ ™ ™ |