NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2012 |
Notes to Financial Statements | ' |
NOTE 1 - NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES | ' |
Nature of Business |
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Crown Equity Holdings Inc. (”Crown Equity” or the “Company”) was incorporated in August 1995 in Nevada. The Company offers its services to companies seeking to become public entities in the United States. It has launched a website, www.crownequityholdings.com, which offers its services in a wide range of fields. The Company provides various consulting services to companies and individuals dealing with corporate structure and operations globally. |
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In 2010, the Company formed two subsidiaries Crown Tele Service, Inc. and Crown Direct, Inc. Crown Tele will provide voice over IP messaging at a competitive price to other competitors and Crown Direct will provide its client with direct sales of products. |
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In 2011, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary CRWE Real Estate, Inc. CRWE Real Estate will hold real estate. |
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Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements include the financial information of Crown Equity Holdings and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Crown Tele, Inc., Crown Direct, Inc. and CRWE Real Estate, Inc. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. |
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Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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Crown Equity considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. |
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Stock-Based Compensation |
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The Company accounts for stock-based compensation to employees in accordance with ASC 718 requiring employee equity awards to be accounted for under the fair value method. Accordingly, share-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite employee service period. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation to other than employees in accordance with FASB ASC 505-50. Equity instruments issued to other than employees are valued at the earlier of a commitment date or upon completion of the services, based on the fair value of the equity instruments and is recognized as expense over the service period. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payments using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for common stock options and the closing price of the company’s common stock for common share issuances. |
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Revenue Recognition |
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Crown Equity’s revenue is recognized pursuant to ASC 605 “Revenue Recognition.” The Company recognizes its revenue from services as those services are performed. Revenue recognition is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon delivery of any future service or meeting other specified performance conditions. |
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Services are normally completed as described on the sales invoice issued for the service provided. In most cases the services is a one-time completion and recognized when the service is completed. If a service is provided over a time period that exceeds 30 days the revenue is recognized on a monthly basis at the end of the month in which it is completed. |
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Contract revenues include royalties under license. Contract revenue related to technology licenses is fully recognized only after the license period has commenced, the technology has been delivered and no further involvement of Crown Equity is required. |
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Crown Equity receives payment for its services in both cash and equity instruments issued by the customer. The equity instruments are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation” and is based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date of the fair value of the equity instrument issued is the date on which the Company fully vests in the shares received. The company is fully vested in the stock it received on the date of receipt of the shares. Services that are not preformed within the period are recognized as deferred revenue. |
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During 2012, the Company’s ownership interest in a related party exceeded the level required to report using the equity method for stock received in lieu of fair market valuation. In addition, 2011 was restated to reflect the equity method. |
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Based on these valuation methods, during 2012 and 2011 the Company received marketable equity securities accounted for as available-for-sale securities and equity securities in equity method investees valued at an aggregate of $0 and $1,287,638, respectively for payment of services provided by the Company and equity securities valued at $0 and $193,219 which were recorded as deferred revenue as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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The Company establishes an allowance for bad debts through a review of several factors including historical collection experience, current aging status of the customer accounts, and financial condition of our customers. The Company does not generally require collateral for our accounts receivable. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. Bad debt expense was $12,395 and $0, during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Concentrations |
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During 2012 and 2011, 89.5% and 37.0% of total revenue, respectively, was generated from a single related party customer, Cleantech Transit, Inc., which has common officers and directors as the Company. |
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General and Administrative Expenses |
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Crown Equity’s general and administrative expenses consisted of the following types of expenses during 2012 and 2011: Compensation expense, payroll expense, rent, travel and entertainment, legal and accounting, utilities, web sites, office expenses, depreciation and other administrative related expenses. |
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Marketable Securities |
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In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 825 an entity is permitted to irrevocably elect fair value on a contract-by-contract basis for new assets or liabilities within the scope of ASC 825 as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for those financial assets and liabilities and certain other items including property and casualty insurance contracts. Entities electing the fair value option are required to (i) recognize changes in fair value in earnings and (ii) expense any upfront costs and fees associated with the item for which the fair value option is elected. Entities electing the fair value option are required to distinguish, on the face of the statement of financial position, the fair value of assets and liabilities for which it has elected the fair value option, and similar assets and liabilities measured using another measurement attribute. An entity can accomplish this either by reporting the fair value and non-fair-value carrying amounts as separate line items or by aggregating those amounts and disclosing parenthetically the amount of fair value included in the aggregate amount. |
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Crown Equity adopted ASC 825 in the third quarter of fiscal 2009 and elected the fair value option for all their marketable securities. Management has elected the fair value option as management believes it best reflects the true market value of the securities at the date of valuation. |
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The Company reports the change in value of the securities as realized or unrealized gains or losses on a quarterly basis against earnings. The gain or loss is calculated as the difference between the acquiring value and the closing market value at the end of the reporting period. For securities purchased, the acquiring value is the fair value of the securities on the date they are acquired. For securities received as payment for revenue transactions, the acquiring value is the fair value of the securities on the date the Company receives the shares as this is the date the company is fully vested in the stock. |
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Equity Method Investments |
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For investments that represent significant influence in the investee, the Company follows ASC 323 Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures when recognizing these investments in the consolidated financial statements. Under this method, any net income or net loss must be recorded against the Company’s investment, not to exceed the original investment and recognized as additional income or loss on the Company’s income statement. Crown evaluates the carrying value of its equity method investments for impairment. During 2012, Crown recognized an impairment loss of $172,617 on it equity method investment. |
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During 2012, the Company’s ownership percentage in Cleantech Transit, Inc., a related party due to common officers and directors, increased to more than 20% and the Company began accounting for this investment under the equity method. The Company’s ownership percentage in Cleantech Transit, Inc. was 42.53% and 4.55% as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Change in Accounting Principle |
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During 2012, the Company changed its policy for accounting for its investment in Cleantech Transit, Inc., a related party, common stock. During 2011, the Company accounted for this investment as an available-for-sale security. In 2012, the Company’s ownership percentage increased to more than 20%. The Company changed its accounting policy in accordance with ASC 323 Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The consolidated financial statements presented herein have been retroactively restated to reflect the change in accounting principle. |
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The following table presents the comparative effect of the change in accounting principle and its impact on key components of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2011: |
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| | 31-Dec-11 | |
| | As Previously | | | As | |
| | Reported | | | Revised | |
Marketable securities held in related party | | $ | 480,000 | | | $ | -- | |
Total current assets | | | 661,520 | | | | 181,520 | |
Equity method investments held in related party | | | -- | | | | 737,377 | |
Total assets | | | 705,728 | | | | 963,105 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (8,237,730 | ) | | | (7,980,353 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 234,603 | | | | 491,980 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 705,728 | | | $ | 963,105 | |
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The following table presents the comparative effect of the change in accounting principle and its impact on key components of the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011: |
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| | Year Ended | |
| | 31-Dec-11 | |
| | As Previously | | | As | |
| | Reported | | | Revised | |
Unrealized loss on marketable securities | | $ | (1,730,600 | ) | | $ | (1,435,600 | ) |
Loss on equity method investment in related party | | | -- | | | | (37,623 | ) |
Total other expense | | | (1,834,810 | ) | | | (1,577,455 | ) |
Net loss | | | (2,279,171 | ) | | | (2,021,794 | ) |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (2,879,171 | ) | | $ | (2,621,794 | ) |
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The following table presents the comparative effect of the change in accounting principle and its impact on key components of the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011: |
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| | Year Ended | |
| | 31-Dec-11 | |
| | As Previously | | | As | |
| | Reported | | | Revised | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (2,279,171 | ) | | $ | (2,021,794 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash | | | | | | | | |
used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized loss on related party marketable securities | | | 295,000 | | | | -- | |
Marketable securities received for related party revenue | | | (581,781 | ) | | | -- | |
Securities held in related party equity method investee received for related party revenue | | | -- | | | | (581,781 | ) |
Loss on equity method investments held in related party | | $ | -- | | | $ | 37,623 | |
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Property and Equipment |
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Property and equipment are carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Costs associated with repair and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with improvements which extend the life, increase the capacity or improve the efficiency of our property and equipment are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining life of the related asset. Gains and losses on dispositions of equipment are reflected in operations. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 3 to 5 years. |
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
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The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical-cost carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses recoverability of the asset by comparing the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the asset to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted future net cash flows of the asset, an impairment loss is measured and recognized. An impairment loss is measured as the difference between the net book value and the fair value of the long-lived asset. Fair value is estimated based upon either discounted cash flow analysis or estimated salvage value. No impairment charge was recorded in 2012 or 2010. |
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Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share |
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Basic and diluted net loss per share calculations are calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. They include the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents in years with net income. Basic and diluted net loss per share are the same due to the absence of common stock equivalents. |
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Income Taxes |
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Crown Equity recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered. Crown Equity provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets to be more likely than not. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The Company's financial instruments consist of cash, marketable securities and debt. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due either to length of maturity or interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates unless otherwise disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. |
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Reclassifications |
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Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. |
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
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Crown Equity does not expect the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on their financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |