Gross restructured loans decreased by 4.0% to Rs. 48.4 billion (US$ 1.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 50.4 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007. Gross non-performing assets increased by 83.2% to Rs. 78.0 billion (US$ 1.9 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 42.6 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to an increase in retail non-performing loans due to a change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized loans and seasoning of the retail loan portfolio. We sold Rs. 9.3 billion (US$ 232 million) including mortgage loans of Rs. 6.9 billion (US$ 172 million) of our net non-performing assets during fiscal 2008. As a percentage of net customer assets, net restructured loans were 1.8% at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to 2.2% at year-end fiscal 2007 and net non-performing assets were 1.4% at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to 0.9% at year-end fiscal 2007.
The following table sets forth, for the period indicated, the composition of provision and contingencies, excluding provision for tax.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Provisions for investments (including credit substitutes)(net) | | Rs. | 384 | | | Rs. | 730 | | | US$ | 18 | | | | 90.1 | % |
Provision for non-performing assets | | | 14,553 | | | | 25,552 | | | | 639 | | | | 75.6 | |
Provision for standard assets | | | 7,529 | | | | 2,172 | | | | 54 | | | | (71.1 | ) |
Others | | | 308 | | | | 1,724 | | | | 43 | | | | 459.7 | |
Total provisions and contingencies (excluding tax) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 32.5 | % |
(1) | We do not distinguish between provisions and write-offs while assessing the adequacy of our loan loss coverage, as both provisions and write-offs represent a reduction of the principal amount of a non-performing loan. In compliance with Indian regulations governing the presentation of financial information by banks, gross non-performing loans are reported gross of provisions net of cumulative write-offs in our financial statements. |
Provisions are made by ICICI Bank on standard, sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by Reserve Bank of India. Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant Reserve Bank of India guidelines. Subject to the minimum provisioning levels prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India, provisions on homogeneous retail loans/ receivables is assessed at a portfolio level, on the basis of days past due. See also “Business-Classification of loans”.
Provisions and contingencies (excluding provisions for tax) increased by 32.5% to Rs. 30.2 billion (US$ 754 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 22.8 billion (US$ 570 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to higher level of specific provisioning on retail and rural loans, offset in part by lower general provisions due to lower growth in the loan portfolio relative to fiscal 2007. Specific provisioning on non-performing loans increased in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase in retail and rural non-performing loans. The increase in retail non-performing loans primarily reflects the seasoning of the loan portfolio and the change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized retail loans, which have higher yields as well as higher credit losses. General provision on standard assets decreased by 71.1% to Rs. 2.2 billion (US$ 54 million) from Rs. 7.5 billion (US$ 187 million) primarily due to one time impact of revised guidelines on provisioning on standard assets issued by the Reserve Bank of India in fiscal 2007.
We offer various derivative products to our clients for their risk management purposes including options and swaps. We do not carry market risk on these client derivative positions as we cover ourselves in the inter-bank market. Profits or losses on account of currency movements on these transactions are on the account of corporates. In some of the cases, clients have filed suits against us disputing the transaction and the amounts to be paid. There have been some delays in payment to us in respect of few companies. We have made appropriate provisions for the same. In May 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued draft guidelines governing off-balance sheet exposures of banks. In August 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued final guidelines on prudential norms for off-balance sheet exposures of banks. The guidelines require banks to treat only unpaid amounts due for 90 days or more under derivative contracts as non-performing assets. Further, banks’ derivative and gold exposures would attract provisioning requirement as applicable to the loan assets in the standard asset category. Banks are also expected to
compute their credit exposures, arising on account of the interest rate and foreign exchange derivative transactions and gold, using the current exposure method.
Tax Expense
Total tax expense was Rs. 11.1 billion (US$ 277 million) in fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 7.6 billion (US$ 190 million) in fiscal 2007. Income tax expense was Rs. 10.3 billion (US$ 257 million) in fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 7.0 billion (US$ 175 million) in fiscal 2007. The effective rate of income tax expense was 24.3% for fiscal 2008 compared to the effective rate of income tax expense of 20.7% for fiscal 2007. The effective income tax rate of 24.3% for fiscal 2008 was lower compared to the statutory tax rate of 33.99% primarily due to the concessional rate of tax on capital gains, exemption of dividend income, deduction towards special reserve and deduction of income of offshore banking unit.
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company has been informed by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority that, they are in the process of examining various issues relating to the creation of deferred tax asset by insurance companies and the applicability of Accounting Standard 22 on ‘Accounting for Taxes on Income’ issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India specifically to the insurance sector. In case the final decision of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority disallows the creation of deferred tax asset by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company, the deferred tax asset created would be reversed.
The Indian Finance Act, 2005 imposed an additional income tax on companies called fringe benefit tax. Pursuant to this Act, companies are deemed to have provided fringe benefits to the employees if certain defined expenses are incurred. A portion of these expenses is deemed to be a fringe benefit to the employees and subjects us to tax at a rate of 30%, exclusive of applicable surcharge and cess. This tax is effective from April 1, 2005. The fringe benefit tax expense was Rs. 780 million (US$ 19 million) in fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 587 million (US$ 15 million) in fiscal 2007.
Financial Condition
Assets
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, the principal components of assets.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | Rs. | 396,891 | | | Rs. | 453,287 | | | US$ | 11,326 | | | | 14.2 | % |
Investments | | | 1,206,167 | | | | 1,600,468 | | | | 39,992 | | | | 32.7 | |
Advances (net of provisions) | | | 2,113,994 | | | | 2,514,017 | | | | 62,819 | | | | 18.9 | |
Fixed assets | | | 43,402 | | | | 46,783 | | | | 1,169 | | | | 7.8 | |
Other assets | | | 182,893 | | | | 241,611 | | | | 6,037 | | | | 32.1 | |
Total assets | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 23.1 | % |
Our total assets increased by 23.1% to Rs. 4,856.2 billion (US$ 121.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 3,943.3 billion (US$ 98.5 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007, primarily due to an increase in advances, investments and other assets. Net advances increased by 18.9% to Rs. 2,514.0 billion (US$ 62.8 billion) from Rs. 2,114.0 billion (US$ 52.8 billion) primarily due to increase in advances of overseas branches and banking subsidiaries. Total investments at year-end fiscal 2008 increased by 32.7% to Rs. 1,600.5 billion (US$ 40.0 billion) from Rs. 1,206.2 billion (US$ 30.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to 13.0% increase in investments in government and other approved securities in India to Rs. 786.7 billion (US$ 19.7 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 696.4 billion (US$ 17.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 in line with the increase in our net demand and time liabilities and 56.5% increase in other investments (including bonds and other mortgage securities) to Rs. 427.9 billion (US$ 10.7 billion) from Rs. 273.4 billion (US$ 6.8 billion). Investments held to cover linked liabilities of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company increased by 92.8% to Rs. 248.5 billion (US$ 6.2 billion) at year-end
fiscal 2008 from Rs. 128.9 billion (US$ 3.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase in our insurance business. Banks in India are required to maintain a specified percentage, currently 25%, of their net demand and time liabilities by way of liquid assets like cash, gold or approved unencumbered securities.
Other assets increased by 32.1% to Rs. 241.6 billion (US$ 6.0 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 182.9 billion (US$ 4.6 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007, primarily due to an increase in receivables with respect to interest and fee income, sale of investments and deferred tax assets of ICICI Bank, India. Deferred tax assets increased by 124.7% to Rs. 17.3 billion (US$ 432 million) at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 7.7 billion (US$ 192 million) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to an increase in deferred tax asset created on incremental provisions for loan losses.
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, the principal components of liabilities and stockholders’ equity.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Deposits | | Rs. | 2,486,136 | | | Rs. | 2,769,832 | | | US$ | 69,211 | | | | 11.4 | % |
Borrowings | | | 616,595 | | | | 845,661 | | | | 21,131 | | | | 37.1 | |
Other liabilities(1) | | | 581,742 | | | | 768,758 | | | | 19,209 | | | | 32.1 | |
Proposed dividend (including corporate dividend tax) | | | 10,628 | | | | 13,881 | | | | 347 | | | | 30.6 | |
Minority interest | | | 5,096 | | | | 7,312 | | | | 183 | | | | 43.5 | |
Total liabilities | | | 3,700,197 | | | | 4,405,444 | | | | 110,081 | | | | 19.1 | |
Equity share capital | | | 8,993 | | | | 11,127 | | | | 278 | | | | 23.7 | |
Preference share capital | | | 3,500 | | | | 3,500 | | | | 87 | | | | 0.0 | |
Reserves and surplus | | | 230,657 | | | | 436,095 | | | | 10,897 | | | | 89.1 | |
Total liabilities (including capital and reserves) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 23.1 | % |
(1) Includes subordinated debt.
Deposits increased by 11.4% to Rs. 2,769.8 billion (US$ 69.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 2,486.1 billion (US$ 62.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase in savings deposit by 43.2% to Rs. 537.6 billion (US$ 13.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 375.3 billion (US$ 9.4 billion) and increase in time deposit by 4.5% to Rs. 1,982.5 billion (US$ 49.5 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 1,896.3 billion (US$ 47.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007. Total deposits at year-end fiscal 2008 constituted 72.1% of our funding (i.e. deposit, borrowings and subordinated debts). Borrowings (excluding subordinated debt) increased by 37.1% to Rs. 845.7 billion (US$ 21.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 616.6 billion (US$ 15.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase in foreign currency borrowings of our international branches and banking subsidiaries. Minority interest increased by 43.5% to Rs. 7.3 billion (US$ 183 million) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 5.1 billion (US$ 127 million) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase of Rs. 8.0 billion (US$ 200 million) in share capital and reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. Stockholders’ equity increased to Rs. 447.2 billion (US$ 11.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 239.7 billion (US$ 6.0 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 primarily due to follow-on public offering and ADS offering aggregating Rs. 199.7 billion (US$ 5.0 billion) during the year.
Fiscal 2007 to Fiscal 2006
Summary
Net profit increased by 14.1% to Rs. 27.6 billion (US$ 690 million) for fiscal 2007 from Rs. 24.2 billion (US$ 605 million) for fiscal 2006, primarily due to a 49.5% increase in net interest income and a 68.9% increase in non-
interest income, offset in part, by a 70.4% increase in non-interest expenses and a significant increase of Rs. 14.3 billion (US$ 357 million) in provisions due to higher provisions created on standard assets, higher specific provisions against retail non-performing loans and lower level of write-backs.
Net interest income (net of amortization of premium on government securities) increased by 49.5% to Rs. 63.3 billion (US$ 1.6 billion) for fiscal 2007 from Rs. 42.3 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) for fiscal 2006, reflecting an increase of 51.0% in the average volume of interest-earning assets.
Non-interest income increased by 68.9% to Rs. 173.6 billion (US$ 4.3 billion) for fiscal 2007 from Rs. 102.8 billion (US$ 2.6 billion) for fiscal 2006 primarily due to a 87.6% increase in income from insurance business and 67.3% increase in commission, exchange and brokerage.
Non-interest expense increased by 70.4% to Rs. 180.1 billion (US$ 4.5 billion) for fiscal 2007 from Rs. 105.7 billion (US$ 2.6 billion) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase of 92.1% in expenses pertaining to insurance business, 54.1% in employee expenses and 82.9% in other administrative expenses.
Provisions and contingencies (excluding provisions for tax) increased to Rs. 22.8 billion (US$ 570 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 8.5 billion (US$ 212 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to higher provisions created on standard assets, in accordance with the revised guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India, a higher level of specific provisioning on retail loans due to change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized loans and seasoning of the retail loan portfolio, and lower level of write-backs.
Gross restructured loans decreased by 9.1% to Rs. 50.4 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 55.5 billion (US$ 1.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to transfer of certain loans to an asset reconstruction company, on being classified as non-performing. Gross non-performing assets increased by 84.3% to Rs. 42.6 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 23.1 billion (US$ 577 million) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in retail non-performing loans due to change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized loans and seasoning of the retail loan portfolio.
Total assets increased by 42.2% to Rs. 3,943.3 billion (US$ 98.5 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 compared to Rs. 2,772.3 billion (US$ 69.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase of 35.3% in loans and 43.6% in investments.
Net Interest Income
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the principal components of net interest income.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Interest income(1) | | Rs. | 143,335 | | | Rs. | 240,026 | | | US$ | 5,998 | | | | 67.5 | % |
Interest expense | | | (1 01,015 | ) | | | (176,757 | ) | | | (4,417 | ) | | | 75.0 | |
Net interest income | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 49.5 | % |
(1) | Net of amortization of premium on government securities. The amortization of premium on government securities has been reclassified under interest income from investment as per the revised guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India. |
Net interest income (net of amortization of premium on government securities) increased by 49.5% to Rs. 63.3 billion (US$ 1.6 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 42.3 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) in fiscal 2006 reflecting mainly the following:
| · | an increase of Rs. 921.9 billion (US$ 23.0 billion) or 51.0% in the average volume of interest-earning assets; and |
| · | net interest margin of 2.3% in fiscal 2007 remaining the same as in fiscal 2006. |
In February 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on accounting for securitization of standard assets. In accordance with these guidelines, with effect from February 1, 2006, we account for any loss on securitization immediately at the time of sale and the profit/premium arising on account of securitization is amortized over the life of the asset. Prior to February 1, 2006, profit arising on account of securitization was recorded at the time of sale. Interest income for fiscal 2007 reflected a loss from sell-down of loans as compared to a gain accounting for approximately 10.8% of net interest income in fiscal 2006, due to the impact of these guidelines requiring amortization of profit on securitization from February 1, 2006 and the prevailing liquidity and interest rate scenario.
We use marketing agents, called direct marketing agents or associates, for sourcing our automobile loans. Until fiscal 2006, we deducted commission paid to direct marketing agents of automobile loans from interest income. For fiscal 2007, we have reported all direct marketing agency expenses, on automobile loans and other retail loans separately under “non-interest expense”. These commissions are expensed upfront and not amortized over the life of the loan. Necessary re-classifications have been made for the prior years.
The average volume of interest-earning assets increased by 51.0% or Rs. 921.9 billion (US$ 23.0 billion) to Rs. 2,728.5 billion (US$ 68.2 billion) during fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1,806.6 billion (US$ 45.1 billion) during fiscal 2006, primarily due to an increase in average advances by Rs. 563.6 billion (US$ 14.1 billion) and an increase in average investments by Rs. 272.2 billion (US$ 6.8 billion). Average advances increased by 47.0% to Rs. 1,763.9 billion (US$ 44.1 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1,200.3 billion (US$ 30.0 billion) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increased disbursements of retail finance loans offset, in part, by the sell-down/securitization and repayments of loans. The average volume of interest-earning foreign currency assets increased by 90.7% to Rs. 525.0 billion (US$ 13.1 billion) during fiscal 2007 from Rs. 275.3 billion (US$ 6.9 billion) during fiscal 2006 primarily due to increased business volumes of our international branches and banking subsidiaries.
Interest income increased by 67.5% to Rs. 240.0 billion (US$ 6.0 billion) for fiscal 2007 from Rs. 143.3 billion (US$ 3.6 billion) for fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase of 51.0% in the average volume of total interest-earning assets to Rs. 2,728.5 billion (US$ 68.2 billion) during fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1,806.6 billion (US$ 45.1 billion) during fiscal 2006. The overall yield on average interest-earning assets increased to 8.8% for fiscal 2007 from 7.9% for fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in yield on advances to 9.6% for fiscal 2007 from 8.9% for fiscal 2006 and increase in yield on investments to 7.4% for fiscal 2007 from 6.3% for fiscal 2006. The yield on advances has increased despite the significant decline in income from sell-down of loans due to an increase in lending rates in line with the general increase in interest rates and increase in the volumes of certain high yielding loan products. The ICICI Bank Benchmark Advance Rate (ICICI Bank’s prime lending rate) has increased by 300 basis points during fiscal 2007. Our reference rate for floating rate home loans has increased by 350 basis points during the same period. The yield on average earning investments increased primarily due to an increase in the yield on average government securities by 110 basis points to 6.8% in fiscal 2007 from 5.7% in fiscal 2006.
Total interest expense increased by 75.0% to Rs. 176.8 billion (US$ 4.4 billion) during fiscal 2007 from Rs. 101.0 billion (US$ 2.5 billion) during fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase of 50.8% in average interest-bearing liabilities to Rs. 2,707.5 billion (US$ 67.7 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1,795.2 billion (US$ 44.9 billion) in fiscal 2006. Average deposits, with an average cost of 6.2% for fiscal 2007, constituted 74.4% of total average interest-bearing liabilities compared to 69.9% of the total average interest-bearing liabilities with a cost of 4.8% for fiscal 2006. Our cost of deposits has increased by 1.4% to 6.2% in fiscal 2007 from 4.8% in fiscal 2006 consequent to general increase in interest rates reflecting tight systemic liquidity scenario, particularly in the second half of fiscal 2007 and resulting in an increase in deposit rates for retail and other customers. The average cost of total borrowings including subordinated debt decreased to 7.5% in fiscal 2007 from 7.7% in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in foreign currency borrowings and repayment of high cost borrowings of ICICI.
Our net interest margin remained constant at 2.3% in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006. Net interest margin is expected to continue to be lower than other banks in India until we increase the proportion of retail deposits including low cost deposits in our total funding. The net interest margin is also impacted by the relatively lower net interest margin earned by our foreign branches, which is offset by the higher fee income that we are able to earn by leveraging our international presence and our ability to meet the foreign currency borrowing requirements of Indian companies.
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the principal components of non-interest income.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Commission, exchange and brokerage | | Rs. | 32,546 | | | Rs. | 54,432 | | | US$ | 1,360 | | | | 67.3 | % |
Profit/(loss) on sale of investments (net) | | | 10,989 | | | | 14,062 | | | | 351 | | | | 28.0 | |
Profit/(loss) on revaluation of investments (net) | | | (504 | ) | | | (1,790 | ) | | | (45 | ) | | | 255.2 | |
Profit/(loss) on sale of land, buildings and other assets (net) | | | 52 | | | | 351 | | | | 9 | | | | 575.5 | |
Profit/(loss) on foreign exchange transactions (net) | | | 4,452 | | | | 8,435 | | | | 211 | | | | 89.5 | |
Income pertaining to insurance business (1) | | | 50,704 | | | | 95,126 | | | | 2,377 | | | | 87.6 | |
Miscellaneous income (including lease income) | | | 4,581 | | | | 2,996 | | | | 75 | | | | (34.6 | ) |
Total other income | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 68.9 | % |
(1) The amount of premium ceded on re-insurance has been reclassified from expenses pertaining to insurance business and netted off from non-interest income.
Non-interest income increased by 68.9% for fiscal 2007 to Rs. 173.6 billion (US$ 4.3 billion) from Rs. 102.8 billion (US$ 2.6 billion) for fiscal 2006 primarily due to a 67.3% increase in commission, exchange and brokerage to Rs. 54.4 billion (US$ 1.4 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 32.5 billion (US$ 812 million) in fiscal 2006 and a 87.6% increase in income pertaining to insurance business to Rs. 95.1 billion (US$ 2.4 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 50.7 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) in fiscal 2006.
Commission, exchange and brokerage increased by 67.3% to Rs. 54.4 billion (US$ 1.4 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 32.5 billion (US$ 812 million) primarily due to growth in fee income from retail products and services, including fee arising from retail asset products and credit cards, retail liability related fee income like account servicing charges, third party distribution fees and fees from small enterprise customers. Fees from commercial banking operations for corporate and international customers also witnessed strong growth. Commission, exchange and brokerage of our United Kingdom subsidiary increased by 61.4% to Rs. 1.7 billion (US$ 42 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1.1 billion (US$ 27 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in fees from structuring and syndication of financing transactions. Commission, exchange and brokerage of our investment banking subsidiary increased to Rs. 6.7 billion (US$ 167 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 3.0 billion (US$ 75 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in the advisory fees and the income of ICICI Web Trade Limited which was amalgamated with our investment banking subsidiary with effect from April 1, 2006.
Profit on sale of investments increased by 28.0% to Rs. 14.1 billion (US$ 352 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 11.0 billion (US$ 275 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to higher level of gains from equity divestments, offset in part by lower profits on proprietary trading as a result of the sharp fall in the equity markets in May 2006 and adverse conditions in debt markets. Income from foreign exchange transaction includes income from derivatives reflecting primarily the transactions undertaken with customers by us and hedged in the inter-bank market, and income from merchant foreign exchange transactions. Income from foreign exchange transactions increased by 89.5% to Rs. 8.4 billion (US$ 210 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 4.5 billion (US$ 112 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in the volumes of the foreign exchange transactions, including the derivative transactions undertaken with customers by us and hedged in the inter-bank market.
Income pertaining to insurance business representing premium income of our life and general insurance subsidiaries increased by 87.6% to Rs. 95.1 billion (US$ 2.4 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 50.7 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) in fiscal 2006. The income pertaining to insurance business includes Rs. 81.4 billion (US$ 2.0 billion) from our life insurance business and Rs. 13.7 billion (US$ 342 million) net written premium from our general insurance business. The new business premium of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited increased by 98.4% to Rs. 51.6 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 26.0 billion (US$ 650 million) in fiscal 2006. The gross written premium of ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited increased by 88.7% to Rs. 30.0 billion (US$ 750 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 15.9 billion (US$ 397 million) in fiscal 2006. We recognize life insurance premium as income when due. Premium on lapsed policies is recognized as income when such policies are
reinstated. General insurance premium is recognized as income over the period of risks or the contract period. Any subsequent revision to premium is recognized over the remaining period of risks or contract period.
Miscellaneous income declined by 34.6% to Rs. 3.0 billion (US$ 75 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 4.6 billion (US$ 115 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to decline in lease income by 34.0% to Rs. 2.4 billion (US$ 60 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 3.6 billion (US$ 90 million) in fiscal 2006.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the principal components of non-interest expense.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Payments to and provisions for employees | | Rs. | 17,112 | | | Rs. | 26,365 | | | US$ | 659 | | | | 54.1 | % |
Depreciation on own property | | | 3,908 | | | | 4,272 | | | | 107 | | | | 9.3 | |
Auditor’s fees and expenses | | | 43 | | | | 64 | | | | 2 | | | | 48.1 | |
Other administrative expenses | | | 26,563 | | | | 48,588 | | | | 1,214 | | | | 82.9 | |
Operating expenses | | | 47,626 | | | | 79,289 | | | | 1,982 | | | | 66.5 | |
Direct marketing agency expenses | | | 11,911 | | | | 15,602 | | | | 390 | | | | 31.0 | |
Depreciation on leased assets | | | 2,771 | | | | 1,883 | | | | 47 | | | | (32.1 | ) |
Expenses pertaining to insurance business (1) | | | 43,389 | | | | 83,358 | | | | 2,083 | | | | 92.1 | |
Total non-interest expenses | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 70.4 | % |
(1) The amount of premium ceded on re-insurance has been reclassified from expenses pertaining to insurance business and netted off from non-interest income.
Non-interest expense increased by 70.4% to Rs. 180.1 billion (US$ 4.5 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 105.7 billion (US$ 2.6 billion) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase of 92.1% in expenses pertaining to the insurance business, increase of 54.1% in employee expenses and 82.9% increase in other administrative expenses.
Employee expenses increased by 54.1% to Rs. 26.4 billion (US$ 660 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 17.1 billion (US$ 427 million) in fiscal 2006, primarily due to 47.4% increase in the number of employees. The employee expenses for ICICI Bank increased by 49.4% to Rs. 16.2 billion (US$ 405 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 10.8 billion (US$ 270 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to a 31.3% increase in the number of employees to 33,321 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 25,384 at year-end fiscal 2006 and annual increase in the salaries and higher cost due to monetization of benefits on loan facilities available to employees at concessional rates of interests and other employee benefits. The employee expenses for ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company increased by 78.2% to Rs. 5.2 billion (US$ 130 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 2.9 billion (US$ 72 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to a 111.8% increase in number of employees to 16,317 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 7,704 at year-end fiscal 2006. The employee expenses for ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company increased by 103.1% to Rs. 2.4 billion (US$ 60 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1.2 billion (US$ 30 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to a 108.9% increase in number of employees to 4,770 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 2,283 at year-end fiscal 2006. The increase in employees was commensurate with the growth in businesses.
Other administrative expenses increased by 82.9% to Rs. 48.6 billion (US$ 1.2 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 26.6 billion (US$ 665 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to the increased volume of business, particularly in retail business and include maintenance of ATMs, credit card related expenses, call center expenses and technology expenses. The number of branches (excluding foreign branches and offshore banking units) and extension counters increased to 755 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 614 at year-end fiscal 2006. The number of ATMs increased to 3,271 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 2,200 at year-end fiscal 2006. The number of branches and offices of our insurance subsidiaries increased to 803 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 463 at year-end fiscal 2006.
Direct marketing agency expenses increased by 31.0% to Rs. 15.6 billion (US$ 390 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 11.9 billion (US$ 297 million) in fiscal 2006 in line with the growth in our business volumes. We use marketing agents, called direct marketing agents or associates, for sourcing our retail assets. We include commissions paid to
these direct marketing agents of our retail assets in non-interest expense. These commissions are expensed upfront and not amortized over the life of the loan.
Expenses pertaining to insurance business, representing provisions for claims, contribution to linked business, commissions paid and reserving for actuarial liability increased by 92.1% to Rs. 83.4 billion (US$ 2.1 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 43.4 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to higher business levels in fiscal 2007. The provisions for claims are determined based on actuarial valuation. In line with Indian accounting norms for insurance companies we do not amortize the customer acquisition cost, but account for the expenses upfront.
Provisions for Non-performing Assets and Restructured Loans
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, certain information regarding restructured loans and non-performing assets.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Gross restructured loans(1) | | Rs. | 55,463 | | | Rs. | 50,407 | | | US$ | 1,260 | | | | (9.1 | )% |
Provisions for restructured loans(1) | | | (2,305 | ) | | | (1,581 | ) | | | (40 | ) | | | (31.4 | ) |
Net restructured loans | | | 53,158 | | | | 48,826 | | | | 1,220 | | | | (8.1 | ) |
Gross non-performing assets | | | 23,086 | | | | 42,557 | | | | 1,063 | | | | 84.3 | |
Provisions for non-performing assets(2) | | | (12,280 | ) | | | (22,249 | ) | | | (556 | ) | | | 81.2 | |
Net non-performing assets | | | 10,806 | | | | 20,308 | | | | 507 | | | | 87.9 | |
Gross restructured loans and non-performing assets | | | 78,549 | | | | 92,964 | | | | 2,323 | | | | 18.4 | |
Provision for restructured loans and non-performing assets(3) | | | (14,585 | ) | | | (23,830 | ) | | | (595 | ) | | | 63.4 | |
Net restructured loans and non-performing assets | | | 63,964 | | | | 69,134 | | | | 1,728 | | | | 8.1 | |
Gross customer assets | | | 1,638,525 | | | | 2,234,339 | | | | 55,831 | | | | 36.4 | |
Net customer assets | | | 1,622,675 | | | | 2,209,078 | | | | 55,199 | | | | 36.1 | % |
Gross restructured loans as a percentage of gross customer assets | | | 3.4 | % | | | 2.3 | % | | | | | | | | |
Gross non-performing assets as a percentage of gross customer assets | | | 1.4 | | | | 1.9 | | | | | | | | | |
Net restructured loans as a percentage of net customer assets………….. | | | 3.3 | | | | 2.2 | | | | | | | | | |
Net non-performing assets as a percentage of net customer assets | | | 0.7 | | | | 0.9 | | | | | | | | | |
Provisions on restructured loans as a percentage of gross restructured assets | | | 4.2 | | | | 3.1 | | | | | | | | | |
Provisions on non-performing assets as a percentage of gross non-performing assets | | | 53.2 | | | | 52.3 | | | | | | | | | |
Provisions as a percentage of gross customer assets(4) | | | 1.3 | | | | 1.7 | | | | | | | | | |
(2) | Includes interest suspense. |
(3) | Excludes technical write-offs. |
(4) | Includes provision against continuing restructured loans, loans classified as non-performing assets and general provision on performing assets as required by the Reserve Bank of India. |
We classify our loans in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India guidelines into performing and non-performing loans. Further, non-performing assets are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank of India has separate guidelines for restructured loans. A fully secured standard loan can be restructured by rescheduling of principal repayments and/or the interest element, but must be separately disclosed as a restructured loan in the year of restructuring. Similar guidelines apply to restructuring of sub-standard loans. See also “Business-Classification of loans”.
Gross restructured loans decreased by 9.1% to Rs. 50.4 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 55.5 billion (US$ 1.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to transfer of certain loans to an asset reconstruction company, on being classified as non-performing. Gross non-performing assets increased by 84.3% to Rs. 42.6 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 23.1 billion (US$ 577 million) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase in retail non-performing loans due to a change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized loans and seasoning of the retail loan portfolio. We sold gross aggregate value of assets amounting to Rs. 9.8 billion (US$ 245 million) to an asset reconstruction company during fiscal 2007. As a percentage of net customer assets, net restructured loans were 2.2% at year-end fiscal 2007 compared to 3.3% at year-end fiscal 2006 and net non-performing assets were 0.9% at year-end fiscal 2007 compared to 0.7% at year-end fiscal 2006.
The following table sets forth, for the period indicated, the composition of provision and contingencies, excluding provision for tax.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Provisions for investments (including credit substitutes)(net) (1) | | Rs. | 134 | | | Rs. | 384 | | | US$ | 10 | | | | 187.0 | % |
Provision for non-performing assets | | | 4,689 | | | | 14,553 | | | | 364 | | | | 210.4 | |
Provision for standard assets | | | 3,428 | | | | 7,529 | | | | 188 | | | | 119.6 | |
Others | | | 204 | | | | 308 | | | | 8 | | | | 51.1 | |
Total provisions and contingencies (excluding tax) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 169.4 | % |
_______________
(1) Excludes amortization on government securities.
(2) | We do not distinguish between provisions and write-offs while assessing the adequacy of our loan loss coverage, as both provisions and write-offs represents a reduction of the principal amount of a non-performing asset. In compliance with Indian regulations governing the presentation of financial information by banks, gross non-performing assets are reported gross of provisions net of cumulative write-offs in our financial statements. |
Provisions are made on standard, sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by Reserve Bank of India. Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant Reserve Bank of India guidelines. Subject to the minimum provisioning levels prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India, provisions on homogeneous retail loans/ receivables is assessed at a portfolio level, on the basis of days past due. See also “Business-Classification of loans”.
Provisions and contingencies (excluding provisions for tax) increased to Rs. 22.8 billion (US$ 570 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 8.5 billion (US$ 212 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to higher provisions of about Rs. 4.1 billion (US$ 102 million) made on standard assets in accordance with the revised guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India, a significantly lower level of write-backs in fiscal 2007 compared to about Rs. 6.6 billion (US$ 165 million) write-backs in fiscal 2006, provisions of about Rs. 1.1 billion (US$ 27 million) on account of frauds in rural portfolio, primarily in our warehouse receipt financing business and a higher level of specific provisioning on retail and other loans. The increase in provisioning on retail loans primarily reflects the growth in retail loans, seasoning of the retail loan portfolio and the change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized retail loans where credit losses are higher, but the higher losses are more than offset by the higher yield on such loans.
Under the Reserve Bank of India guidelines issued in September 2005, banks were required to make a general provision of 0.4% on standard loans (excluding loans to agricultural sector and to small and medium enterprises). In May 2006, the general provisioning requirement for personal loans and advances qualifying as capital market exposure, residential housing loans beyond Rs. 2.0 million (US$ 49,975) and commercial real estate was further
increased to 1.0% from 0.4%. In January 2007, the general provisioning requirement for personal loans, credit card receivables, loans and advances qualifying as capital market exposure, commercial real estate loans and advances to non-deposit taking systematically important non-banking financial companies was increased to 2.0%. As a result, general provision on standard assets increased by 115.6% to Rs. 7.5 billion (US$ 187 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 3.4 billion (US$ 85 million) in fiscal 2006.
Tax Expense
Total tax expense was Rs. 7.6 billion (US$ 190 million) for fiscal 2007 compared to Rs. 7.0 billion (US$ 175 million) in fiscal 2006. Income tax expense was Rs. 7.0 billion (US$ 175 million) for fiscal 2007 compared to Rs. 6.6 billion (US$ 165 million) in fiscal 2006. The effective rate of income tax expense was 20.7% for fiscal 2007 compared to the effective rate of income tax expense of 21.2% for fiscal 2006. The effective income tax rate of 20.7% for fiscal 2007 was lower compared to the statutory tax rate of 33.66% primarily due to concessional rate of tax on capital gains, exemption of dividend income, deduction towards special reserve and deduction of income of offshore banking unit.
The Indian Finance Act, 2005 imposed an additional income tax on companies called fringe benefit tax. Pursuant to this Act, companies are deemed to have provided fringe benefits to the employees if certain defined expenses are incurred. A portion of these expenses is deemed to be a fringe benefit to the employees and subjects us to tax at a rate of 30%, exclusive of applicable surcharge and cess. This tax is effective from April 1, 2005. The fringe benefit tax expense amounted to Rs. 587 million (US$ 15 million) for fiscal 2007.
Financial Condition
Assets
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, the principal components of assets.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | Rs. | 182,551 | | | Rs. | 396,891 | | | US$ | 9,917 | | | | 117.4 | % |
Investments | | | 840,139 | | | | 1,206,167 | | | | 30,139 | | | | 43.6 | |
Advances (net of provisions) | | | 1,562,603 | | | | 2,113,994 | | | | 52,823 | | | | 35.3 | |
Fixed assets | | | 41,429 | | | | 43,402 | | | | 1,085 | | | | 4.8 | |
Other assets | | | 145,574 | | | | 182,893 | | | | 4,570 | | | | 25.6 | |
Total assets | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 42.2 | % |
Our total assets increased by 42.2% to Rs. 3,943.3 billion (US$ 98.5 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 compared to Rs. 2,772.3 billion (US$ 69.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006, primarily due to an increase in advances, investments and balances maintained with Reserve Bank of India. Net Advances increased by 35.3% to Rs. 2,114.0 billion (US$ 52.8 billion) from Rs. 1,562.6 billion (US$ 39.0 billion) primarily due to increase in retail advances in accordance with our strategy of growth in our retail portfolio, offset, in part by reduction in advances due to repayments and securitizations. Total investments at year-end fiscal 2007 increased by 43.6% to Rs. 1,206.2 billion (US$ 30.1 billion) from Rs. 840.1 billion (US$ 21.0 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to 31.9% increase in investments in government and other approved securities in India to Rs. 696.4 billion (US$ 17.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 528.3 billion (US$ 13.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 and 67.0% increase in other investments (including bonds and other mortgage securities) to Rs. 273.4 billion (US$ 6.8 billion) from Rs. 163.7 billion (US$ 4.1 billion). Banks in India are required to maintain a specified percentage, currently 25%, of their net demand and time liabilities by way of liquid assets like cash, gold or approved unencumbered securities. Cash and cash equivalents increased by 117.4% to Rs. 396.9 billion (US$ 9.9 billion) from Rs. 182.6 billion (US$ 4.6 billion) primarily due to increase in balance maintained with Reserve Bank of India due to increase in cash reserve ratio from 5.0% at year-end 2006 to 6.5% effective at year-end fiscal 2007 and higher liquid cash balances maintained by overseas branches and banking subsidiaries. Total assets of our overseas offices (including overseas banking unit in Mumbai) increased by 77.4% to Rs 591.4 billion (US$ 14.8 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 333.4 billion
(US$. 8.3 billion) at fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase in the total assets of our United Kingdom banking subsidiary, Singapore branch and Bahrain branch.
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, the principal components of liabilities and stockholders’ equity.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Deposits | | Rs. | 1,724,510 | | | Rs. | 2,486,136 | | | US$ | 62,122 | | | | 44.2 | % |
Borrowings | | | 450,000 | | | | 616,595 | | | | 15,407 | | | | 37.0 | |
Other liabilities(1) | | | 360,310 | | | | 581,742 | | | | 14,536 | | | | 61.5 | |
Proposed dividend (including corporate dividend tax) | | | 8,809 | | | | 10,628 | | | | 266 | | | | 20.7 | |
Minority interest | | | 2,749 | | | | 5,096 | | | | 127 | | | | 85.3 | |
Total liabilities | | | 2,546,378 | | | | 3,700,197 | | | | 92,458 | | | | 45.3 | |
Equity share capital | | | 8,898 | | | | 8,993 | | | | 225 | | | | 1.1 | |
Preference share capital | | | 3,500 | | | | 3,500 | | | | 87 | | | | 0.0 | |
Reserves and surplus | | | 213,520 | | | | 230,657 | | | | 5,764 | | | | 8.0 | |
Total liabilities (including capital and reserves) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 42.2 | % |
(1) Includes subordinated debt.
Deposits increased by 44.2% to Rs. 2,486.1 billion (US$ 62.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1,724.5 billion (US$ 43.1 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in savings deposit by 54.7% to Rs. 375.3 billion (US$ 9.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 242.6 billion (US$ 6.1 billion) and increase in time deposit by 44.5% to Rs. 1,827.2 billion (US$ 45.7 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 1,264.8 billion (US$ 31.6 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006. This significant growth in deposits was primarily achieved through increased focus on retail and corporate customers by offering a wide range of products designed to meet varied individual and corporate needs and leveraging our network of branches, extension counters and ATMs. This is commensurate with our focus of increased funding through deposits. Total deposits at year-end fiscal 2007 constituted 75.0% of our funding (i.e. deposit, borrowings and subordinated debts). Borrowings (excluding subordinated debt) increased by 37.0% to Rs. 616.6 billion (US$ 15.4 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 450.0 billion (US$ 11.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in foreign currency borrowings of our international branches and banking subsidiaries. Minority interest increased by 85.3% to Rs. 5.1 billion (US$ 127 million) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 2.8 billion (US$ 70 million) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase of Rs. 8.7 billion (US$ 217 million) in share capital and reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. Stockholders’ equity increased to Rs. 239.7 billion (US$ 6.0 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 from Rs. 222.4 billion (US$ 5.6 billion) at year-end fiscal 2006 primarily due to retained earnings for the year and exercise of employee stock option. As per the transition provision for Accounting Standard 15 – (Revised) on “Accounting for retirement benefits in financial statements of employer”, the difference in liability on account of retirement benefits created by us at March 31, 2006 due to the revised standard have been adjusted in reserves and surplus.
Off Balance Sheet Items, Commitments and Contingencies
Foreign Exchange and Derivative Contracts
We enter into foreign exchange forwards, options, swaps and other derivative products to enable customers to transfer, modify or reduce their foreign exchange and interest rate risks and to manage our own interest rate and foreign exchange positions. These instruments are used to manage foreign exchange and interest rate risk relating to
specific groups of on-balance sheet assets and liabilities. The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, the notional amount of derivative contracts.
| | Notional principal amounts | | | Balance sheet credit exposure(1) | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions) | |
Interest rate products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swap agreements | | Rs. | 2,720,713 | | | Rs. | 3,454,593 | | | Rs. | 7,440,119 | | | US$ | 185,910 | | | Rs. | 2,800 | | | Rs. | 10,595 | | | Rs. | 30,346 | | | US$ | 758 | |
Others | | | 49,390 | | | | 1,044 | | | | 115,266 | | | | 2,880 | | | | 18 | | | | - | | | | 72 | | | | 2 | |
Total interest rate products | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | |
Foreign exchange products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts | | Rs. | 919,149 | | | Rs. | 248,088 | | | Rs. | 2,086,254 | | | US$ | 52,130 | | | Rs. | 1,987 | | | Rs. | 1,140 | | | Rs. | (2,402 | ) | | US$ | (60 | ) |
Swap agreements | | | 25,194 | | | | 1,005,899 | | | | 1,158,421 | | | | 28,946 | | | | 51 | | | | 750 | | | | (1,046 | ) | | | (26 | ) |
Others | | | 254,882 | | | | 822,707 | | | | 1,084,023 | | | | 27,087 | | | | 446 | | | | (620 | ) | | | 426 | | | | 11 | |
Total foreign exchange products | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | ) | | US$ | | ) |
_________________
(1) | Denotes the mark-to-market impact of the derivative and foreign exchange products on the reporting date. |
The notional principal amount of interest rate products increased to Rs. 7,555.4 billion (US$ 188.8 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 3,455.6 billion (US$ 86.3 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007. The notional principal amount of foreign exchange products increased to Rs. 4,328.7 billion (US$ 108.2 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 2,076.7 billion (US$ 51.9 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007. This significant increase in the volumes of interest rates swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts was primarily due to increased transactions carried out by us on behalf of our customers and growth in the market for such products. Market volumes have also increased significantly during this period. As an active player and market-maker in swap and forward exchange contract markets and due to the fact that reduction in positions is generally achieved by entering into offsetting transactions rather than termination/cancellation of existing transactions, we have seen a substantial increase in the notional principal of our swap portfolio during this period.
An interest rate swap does not entail exchange of notional principal and the cash flow arises on account of the difference between the interest rate pay and receive legs of the swap which is generally much lower than the notional principal of the swap. A large proportion of interest rate swaps, currency swaps and forward exchange contracts are on account of market making which involves providing regular two-way prices to customers or inter-bank counter-parties. This results in generation of a higher number of outstanding transactions, and hence a large value of gross notional principal of the portfolio. For example, if a transaction entered into with a customer is covered by an exactly opposite transaction entered into with another counter-party, the net market risk of the two transactions will be zero whereas, the notional principal of the portfolio will be the sum of both transactions. The Bank deals in credit derivative instruments including credit default swaps, credit linked notes, collateralized debt obligations and principal protected structures. The notional principal amount of these credit derivatives outstanding at March 31, 2008 was Rs. 27,067.6 million (US$ 676 million) in funded instruments and Rs. 58,597.9 million (US$ 1,464 million) in non-funded instruments which includes Rs. 200.6 million (US$ 5 million) of protection bought by ICICI Bank. As on September 5, 2008 the notional principal amount of these credit derivatives outstanding was Rs. 24,327.0 million (US$ 608 million) in funded instruments and Rs. 41,999.8 million (US$ 1,049 million) in non-funded instruments.
Securitization
We primarily securitize commercial loans through “pass-through” securitization transactions involving special purpose entities (SPE), commonly Trusts by nature. After the securitization, we generally continue to maintain customer account relationships and service loans transferred to the securitization trusts. The securitization transactions are either with limited recourse or without recourse. In certain cases, we may enter into derivative transactions such as interest rate swaps with the contributors to the securitization trusts. In February 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on securitization of standard assets (Guidelines). In accordance with these guidelines, in effect since February 1, 2006, we account for any loss arising on securitization immediately at the
time of sale and amortize the profit / premium arising on account of securitization over the life of the asset. Prior to February 1, 2006, profit arising on account of securitization was recorded at the time of sale.
In certain cases, prior to the issuance of the guidelines, we have written put options, which require us to purchase, upon request of the holders, securities issued in certain securitization transactions. The put options seek to provide liquidity to holders of such instruments. If exercised, we are obligated to purchase the securities at the pre-determined exercise price.
We may sometimes invest in financial assets such as mortgage loans, commercial vehicles and trade receivables transferred in pass-through securitizations. An originator of a typical securitization transfers a portfolio of financial assets to a special purpose entity, commonly a Trust. We account for these investments at inception at acquisition price.
Loan Commitments
We have outstanding undrawn commitments to provide loans and financing to customers. These loan (including fungible commitments on non-fund facility) commitments aggregated Rs. 733.5 billion (US$ 18.3 billion) as of March 31, 2008 compared to Rs. 401.7 billion (US$ 10.0 billion) as of March 31, 2007. The interest rate on fund-based commitments is dependent on the lending rates on the date of the loan disbursement. Further, the commitments have fixed expiration dates and are contingent upon the borrower’s ability to maintain specific credit standards.
Capital Commitments
We are obligated under a number of capital contracts. Capital contracts are job orders of a capital nature, which have been committed. As of the balance sheet date, work had not been completed to this extent. Estimated amounts of contracts remaining to be executed on capital projects increased to Rs. 18.0 billion (US$ 450 million) as of March 31, 2008 from Rs. 3.7 billion (US$ 92 million) as of March 31, 2007 primarily due to new projects being taken up by ICICI Bank as part of expansion and creating large infrastructure and new offices at various locations in India.
Operating Lease Commitments
We have commitments under long-term operating leases principally for premises. The following table sets forth, a summary of future minimum lease rental commitments at year-end fiscal 2008.
Lease rental commitments for fiscal | | | |
| | | |
2009 | | Rs. | 1,635 | |
2010 | | | 1,793 | |
2011 | | | 1,351 | |
2012 | | | 1,199 | |
2013 | | | 784 | |
Thereafter | | | 1,693 | |
Total minimum lease commitments | | Rs. | | |
Guarantees
As a part of our financing activities, we issue guarantees to enhance the credit standing of our customers. The guarantees are generally for a period not exceeding 10 years. The credit risks associated with these products, as well as the operating risks, are similar to those relating to other types of financial instruments. We have the same appraisal process for guarantees as that for any other loan product. Guarantees increased by 49.8% to Rs. 466.7 billion (US$ 11.7 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008 from Rs. 311.6 billion (US$ 7.8 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007.
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, guarantees outstanding.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions, except percentages) | |
Financial guarantees(1) | | Rs. | 68,660 | | | Rs. | 116,303 | | | | 69.4 | % | | Rs. | 163,745 | | | US$ | 4,092 | | | | 40.8 | % |
Performance guarantees(2) | | | 133,079 | | | | 195,272 | | | | 46.7 | % | | | 302,988 | | | | 7,571 | | | | 55.2 | % |
Total guarantees | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | | 54.4 | % | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | | | | 49.8 | % |
(1) | Consists of instruments guaranteeing the timely contractual payment of loan obligations, primarily to foreign lenders on behalf of project companies. |
(2) | Consists of instruments guaranteeing the performance by a company of an obligation, such as exports. |
The following table sets forth contractual obligations on long-term debt, operating lease and guarantees at year-end fiscal 2008.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions) | |
Long-term debt obligations | | Rs. | 645,924 | | | Rs. | 76,536 | | | Rs. | 220,888 | | | Rs. | 160,396 | | | Rs. | 188,104 | |
Operating lease obligations | | | 8,455 | | | | 1,635 | | | | 1,738 | | | | 1,263 | | | | 1,693 | |
Guarantees | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial guarantees | | | 163,745 | | | | 91,285 | | | | 47,801 | | | | 23,168 | | | | 1,491 | |
Performance guarantees | | | 302,988 | | | | 112,783 | | | | 126,638 | | | | 47,332 | | | | 16,235 | |
Total | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | |
Capital Resources
ICICI Bank is subject to the capital adequacy norms stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India. As per the earlier capital adequacy guidelines (Basel I), we were required to maintain a minimum ratio of total capital to risk adjusted assets and off-balance sheet items of 9.0%, at least half of which must be Tier-1 capital. On April 27, 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued prudential guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline – Implementation of the New Capital Adequacy Framework, which are applicable to all banks with international presence, from March 31, 2008. Under the new guidelines (Basel II), which are now applicable to us, we are required to maintain a minimum ratio of total capital to risk adjusted assets of 9.0%, with a minimum Tier-1 capital ratio of 6.0%. The other key changes under the new guidelines are:
| · | Investment above 30% in paid-up equity capital, of financial entities which are not consolidated for capital adequacy (including insurance entities) and investments in other instruments eligible for regulatory capital status in those entities have been deducted 50% from Tier-1 and 50% from Tier-2 capital, while earlier only equity investments in subsidiaries were deducted entirely from Tier-1 capital. |
| · | Capital charge has been introduced for operational risk. |
| · | Under the Basel I guidelines, residential mortgages attract risk weight of 50% for loans up to Rs. 3.0 million and 75% for loans greater than Rs. 3 million. Under the Basel II guidelines, residential mortgages attract a risk weight of 50% for loans up to Rs. 3 million with loan-to-value ratio less than 75%, 75% for loans greater than Rs. 3.0 million with loan-to-value ratio less than 75% and 100% for all other loans. |
| · | Under the Basel I guidelines, claims on corporates are risk weighted at 100%, while corporate claims are risk weighted as per the external rating of the corporate under the Basel II guidelines. Further, the Reserve Bank of India has stipulated that for fiscal 2009, all fresh sanctions or renewals in respect of unrated claims on corporates in excess of Rs. 500 million would attract a risk weight of 150%. With effect from April 1, 2009, all fresh sanctions or renewals in respect of unrated claims on corporates in excess of Rs. 100 million will attract a risk weight of 150%. |
Consumer credit and capital market claims attract 125% risk weight and commercial real estate claims attracts 150% risk weight under both Basel I and Basel II guidelines. Our Tier-1 capital after deductions, under the new guidelines is higher compared to the Basel I guidelines, while risk weighted assets under Basel II guidelines are higher than under Basel I guidelines. Our capital adequacy calculated in accordance with the Basel I guidelines at year-end fiscal 2008 was 14.92%, including Tier-1 capital adequacy ratio of 11.32% and Tier-2 capital adequacy ratio of 3.60%. The capital adequacy calculated in accordance with the Basel II guidelines at year-end fiscal 2008 was 13.97%, including Tier-1 capital adequacy ratio of 11.76% and Tier-2 capital adequacy ratio of 2.20%.
The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, risk-based capital, risk-weighted assets and risk-based capital adequacy ratios computed in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India guidelines under the Basel I and Basel II and based on ICICI Bank’s unconsolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Indian GAAP.
| | As per the Reserve Bank of India guidelines under Basel I | | | As per the Reserve Bank of India guidelines under Basel II | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions) | |
Tier 1 capital | | Rs. | 215,033 | | | Rs. | 381,340 | | | Rs. | 421,724 | | | US$ | 10,538 | |
Tier 2 capital | | | 123,929 | | | | 121,212 | | | | 78,861 | | | | 1,971 | |
Total capital | | | 338,962 | | | | 502,552 | | | | 500,585 | | | | 12,508 | |
Credit Risk – Risk Weighted Assets (RWA) | | | 2,579,676 | | | | 2,998,084 | | | | 3,173,325 | | | | 79,294 | |
Market Risk – RWA | | | 320,255 | | | | 369,463 | | | | 258,741 | | | | 6,465 | |
Operational Risk – RWA | | | | | | | - | | | | 152,500 | | | | 3,811 | |
Total risk weighted assets | | Rs. | 2,899,931 | | | Rs. | 3,367,547 | | | Rs. | 3,584,566 | | | US$ | 89,570 | |
Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio | | | 7.4 | % | | | 11.3 | % | | | 11.8 | % | | | | |
Tier 2 capital adequacy ratio | | | 4.3 | | | | 3.6 | | | | 2.2 | | | | | |
Total capital adequacy ratio | | | 11.7 | % | | | 14.9 | % | | | 14.0 | % | | | | |
From time to time, we may access the capital markets through additional equity or debt offerings to increase our capital resources.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk arises in the funding of lending, trading and investment activities and in the management of trading positions. It includes both the risk of unexpected increases in the cost of funding an asset portfolio at appropriate maturities and the risk of being unable to liquidate a position in a timely manner at a reasonable price. The goal of liquidity management is to be able, even under adverse conditions, to meet all liability repayments on time and fund all investment opportunities.
We maintain diverse sources of liquidity to facilitate flexibility in meeting funding requirements. Incremental operations are principally funded by accepting deposits from retail and corporate depositors. The deposits are augmented by borrowings in the short-term inter-bank market and through the issuance of bonds. Loan maturities and sale of investments also provide liquidity. Most of the funds raised are used to extend loans or purchase securities. Generally, deposits are of a shorter average maturity than loans or investments.
Most of our incremental funding requirements, including replacement of maturing liabilities of ICICI, which generally had longer maturities, are met through short-term funding sources, primarily in the form of deposits including inter-bank deposits. However, a large portion of our assets, primarily the assets of ICICI and our home loan portfolio, have medium or long-term maturities, creating a potential for funding mismatches. We actively monitor our liquidity position and attempt to maintain adequate liquidity at all times to meet all requirements of all depositors and bondholders, while also meeting the requirement of lending groups. We seek to establish a continuous information flow and an active dialogue between the funding and borrowing divisions of the organization to enable optimal liquidity management. A separate group is responsible for liquidity management.
Our international branches are primarily funded by debt capital market issuances, syndicated loans, bilateral loans and bank lines, while our international subsidiaries raise deposits in their local markets. Volatility in international debt markets following the concerns over sub-prime debt in the United States have constrained our international market borrowings. Continued volatility and liquidity constraints in the international markets may adversely impact our liquidity position.
Our subsidiary in the United Kingdom offers an internet based online savings deposit product to depositors. The total amount of such deposits as at year-end fiscal 2008 was Rs. 141.3 billion (US$ 3.5 billion). These deposits are payable on demand. At present, these deposits are classified as outflow in the less than eight days liquidity bucket as required by the Financial Services Authority of the United Kingdom. We deploy these funds in a portfolio of short-term deposits and marketable securities. We may face liquidity risk in case of high volumes of deposit withdrawals, failure of a substantial number of depositors to roll over deposited funds upon maturity or to replace deposited funds with fresh deposits.
Another source of liquidity risk is the put options written by us on the loans, which we have securitized. These options are binding on us and require us to purchase, upon request of the holders, securities issued in such securitized transactions. The options seek to provide liquidity to the security holders. If exercised, we will be obligated to purchase the securities at the pre-determined exercise price. Under the Reserve Bank of India’s statutory liquidity ratio requirement, we are required to maintain 25.0% of our total net demand and time liabilities by way of approved securities, such as government of India securities and state government securities. We maintain a significant part of the statutory liquidity ratio through a portfolio of government of India securities that we actively manage to optimize the yield and benefit from price movements. Under the Reserve Bank of India's cash reserve ratio requirements, we are currently required to maintain 9.0% of our net demand and time liabilities in a current account with the Reserve Bank of India. We also have recourse to the liquidity adjustment facility and the refinance window, which are short-term funding arrangements provided by the Reserve Bank of India. We maintain a portfolio of liquid high quality securities that may be sold on an immediate basis to meet our liquidity needs.
We also have the option of managing liquidity by borrowing in the inter-bank market on a short-term basis. The overnight market, which is a significant part of the inter-bank market, is susceptible to volatile interest rates. These interest rates on certain occasions have touched historical highs of 70.0% and above. To curtail reliance on such volatile funding, our liquidity management policy has stipulated daily limits for borrowing and lending in this market. The limit on daily borrowing is more stringent than the limit set by the Reserve Bank of India. ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited, like us, relies for a certain proportion of its funding on the inter-bank market for overnight money and is therefore also exposed to similar risk of volatile interest rates.
We are required to submit gap analysis on a monthly basis to the Reserve Bank of India. Pursuant to the Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines, net cumulative negative mismatches during the next day, 2-7 days, 8-14 days and 15-28 days buckets should not exceed 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the cumulative cash outflows up to the respective time buckets. We prepare fortnightly maturity gap analysis to review our liquidity position. Static gap analysis is also supplemented by a dynamic analysis for the short-term, to enable the liability raising units to have a fair estimate of the short-term funding requirements. In addition, we also monitor certain liquidity ratios on a fortnightly basis.
The following table sets forth, our ratings for various instruments by credit rating agencies.
| | Credit Analysis & Research Limited | | Moody's Investor Services | | |
Lower Tier II capital bonds | AAA | AAA | AAA | - | - | - |
Upper Tier II debt | - | AAA | AAA | Baa2 | BB | - |
Tier I perpetual debt | - | AAA | AAA | Baa2 | BB | - |
Term deposits | AAA | AAA | AAA | - | - | - |
Certificates of deposits | A1+ | PR1+ | - | - | - | - |
Long-term foreign currency borrowings | - | - | - | Baa2 | BBB- | BBB+ |
Global local currency borrowings | - | - | - | A2/P-1 | - | - |
Short term foreign currency ratings | - | - | - | Ba2/ Not Prime | A-3 | - |
The outlook from Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s and JCRA is stable. Any downgrade in these credit ratings, or any adverse change in these ratings relative to other banks and financial intermediaries, could adversely impact our ability to raise resources to meet its funding requirements, which in turn could adversely impact our liquidity position.
Capital Expenditure
The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, certain information related to capital expenditure by category of fixed assets.
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net assets at March 31, 2006 | |
| | (in millions) | |
Premises | | Rs. | 19,585 | | | Rs. | 1,724 | | | Rs. | (152 | ) | | Rs. | 2,278 | | | Rs. | 18,879 | | | US$ | 472 | |
Other fixed assets (including furniture and fixes) | | | 17,809 | | | | 4,915 | | | | (203 | ) | | | 11,710 | | | | 10,811 | | | | 270 | |
Assets given on lease | | | 20,424 | | | | -- | | | | (1,259 | ) | | | 7,427 | | | | 11,738 | | | | 293 | |
Total | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | ) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net assets at March 31, 2007 | |
| | (in millions) | |
Premises | | Rs. | 21,158 | | | Rs. | 3,306 | | | Rs. | (889 | ) | | Rs. | 3,055 | | | Rs. | 20,520 | | | US$ | 513 | |
Other fixed assets (including furniture and fixes) | | | 22,521 | | | | 5,832 | | | | (732 | ) | | | 14,772 | | | | 12,849 | | | | 321 | |
Assets given on lease | | | 19,166 | | | | -- | | | | (820 | ) | | | 8,314 | | | | 10,032 | | | | 251 | |
Total | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | ) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net assets at March 31, 2008 | |
| | (in millions) | |
Premises | | Rs. | 23,574 | | | Rs. | 3,986 | | | Rs. | (325 | ) | | Rs. | 4,181 | | | Rs. | 23,054 | | | US$ | 576 | |
Other fixed assets (including furniture and fixes) | | | 27,621 | | | | 6,917 | | | | (686 | ) | | | 18,093 | | | | 15,759 | | | | 394 | |
Assets given on lease | | | 18,346 | | | | -- | | | | (57 | ) | | | 10,318 | | | | 7,971 | | | | 199 | |
Total | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | ) | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | |
Our capital expenditure on premises and other assets was Rs. 10.9 billion (US$ 272 million) for fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 9.1 billion (US$ 227 million) in fiscal 2007. Capital expenditure of Rs. 6.9 billion (US$ 172 million) on other fixed assets in fiscal 2008 included Rs. 1.5 billion (US$ 37 million) on software. Our capital expenditure on premises and other assets increased by 37.9% to Rs. 9.1 billion (US$ 227 million) for fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006.
Significant Changes
Except as stated in this annual report, no significant changes have occurred to us since the date of the fiscal 2008 consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report.
Segment Revenues and Assets
Our operations are classified into the following segments:
| · | Consumer and Commercial Banking comprising of the retail and corporate banking business of ICICI Bank and its subsidiaries i.e. ICICI Bank UK PLC, ICICI Bank Canada, ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC and ICICI Home Finance Company Limited. |
| · | Investment Banking comprising of the treasury operations of ICICI Bank and its banking subsidiaries i.e. ICICI Bank UK PLC, ICICI Bank Canada and ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC, and the operations of ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited (formerly ICICI Securities Limited), ICICI Securities Limited (formerly ICICI Brokerage Services Limited), ICICI Securities Inc., and ICICI Securities Holdings Inc., ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited, ICICI Eco-net Internet and Technology Fund, ICICI Equity Fund, ICICI Strategic Investments Fund, ICICI Emerging Sectors Fund and ICICI International Limited. |
| · | Insurance comprising of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited. |
| · | Others comprising of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited, ICICI Prudential Trust Limited, ICICI Property Trust, ICICI Investment Management Company Limited, ICICI Trusteeship Services Limited, TCW/ICICI Investment Partners LLC and TSI Ventures (India) Private Limited. |
Consumer and Commercial Banking Segment
Fiscal 2008 compared to Fiscal 2007
Profit before tax of the consumer and commercial banking segment decreased to Rs. 21.3 billion (US$ 532 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 25.1 billion (US$ 627 million) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to an increase in non-interest expenses and provisions, offset, in part, by an increase in non-interest income and net interest income.
Net interest income, increased by 8.3% to Rs. 64.8 billion (US$ 1.6 billion) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 59.8 billion (US$ 1.5 billion) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to an increase in the interest income on advances, offset, in part, by an increase in the interest expense on deposits and borrowings.
Non-interest income increased by 15.1% to Rs. 61.2 billion (US$ 1.5 billion) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 53.2 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to growth in fee income from structuring and advisory fees, third party distribution fees and loan processing fees. Commission, exchange and brokerage of our United Kingdom subsidiary increased primarily due to an increase in the advisory and structuring fees, which also contributed to higher non-interest income being reported in fiscal 2008.
Non-interest expenses increased by 16.0% to Rs. 75.9 billion (US$ 1.9 billion) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 65.5 billion (US$ 1.6 billion) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to an increase in salary and other staff expenses, rent taxes and lighting expenses, increase in repair & maintenance expenses and other administrative expenses. Employee expenses increased primarily due to increase in the number of employees, annual increase in the salaries and other employee benefits commensurate with growth in business.
Provisions and contingencies were Rs. 28.7 billion (US$ 717 million) in fiscal 2008 as compared to Rs. 22.4 billion (US$ 560 million), primarily due to a higher level of specific provisioning on retail and rural loans due to seasoning of the loan portfolio and the change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized retail loan resulting in higher yields and higher credit losses on such loans.
Fiscal 2007 compared to Fiscal 2006
Profit before tax of the consumer and commercial banking segment declined to Rs. 25.1 billion (US$ 627 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 26.0 billion (US$ 650 million) in fiscal 2006, primarily due to an increase in provisions and increase in non-interest expense, offset, in part by an increase in net interest income and non-interest income.
Net interest income increased by 35.0% to Rs. 59.8 billion (US$ 1.5 billion) for fiscal 2007 from Rs. 44.3 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) for fiscal 2006, primarily due to an increase in the interest income on advances and investments, offset, in part, by an increase in the interest expense on deposits.
Non-interest income increased by 55.9% to Rs. 53.2 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 34.1 billion (US$ 852 million) in fiscal 2006, primarily due to growth in fee income from retail products and services, including fee arising from retail assets products and retail liability related income like account servicing charges and third party distribution fees. Fees from corporate banking and international business also witnessed a strong growth. The increase was also due to increase in commission, exchange and brokerage income of our the United Kingdom banking subsidiary and investment banking subsidiary.
Non-interest expense increased 46.1% to Rs. 65.5 billion (US$ 1.6 billion) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 44.8 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) in fiscal 2006, primarily due to an increase in employee expenses and the growth in the retail
franchise, including maintenance of ATMs, credit card expenses, call center expenses and technology expenses. Employee expenses increased primarily due to increase in the number of employees, annual increase in the salaries and higher cost due to monetization of benefits on loan facilities available to employees at concessional rates of interests and other employee benefits. The increase in employees was commensurate with the growth in our retail businesses. Direct marketing agency expenses increased by 31.0% to Rs. 15.6 billion (US$ 390 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 11.9 billion (US$ 297 million) in fiscal 2006 in line with the growth in our retail credit business. We use marketing agents, called direct marketing agents or associates, for sourcing retail assets. These commissions are expensed upfront and not amortized over the life of the loan. We reduce direct marketing agency expenses incurred in connection with sourcing our automobile loans on an upfront basis from interest income.
Provisions and contingencies increased significantly to Rs. 22.4 billion (US$ 560 million) for fiscal 2007 as compared to Rs. 7.5 billion (US$ 187 million) for fiscal 2006 primarily due to higher provisions created on standard assets, in accordance with the revised guidelines issued by Reserve Bank of India, a higher level of specific provisioning on retail loans due to change in the portfolio mix towards non-collateralized loans and seasoning of the loan portfolio and lower level of write-backs. General provision on standard assets increased by 111.0% to Rs. 7.3 billion (US$ 182 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 3.5 billion (US$ 87 million) in fiscal 2006.
Investment Banking Segment
Fiscal 2008 compared to Fiscal 2007
Profit before tax of investment banking segment increased to Rs. 31.8 billion (US$ 795 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 13.9 billion (US$ 347 million) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to increase in net-interest income and non-interest income, offset, in part, by an increase in the non-interest expenses.
Net interest income was Rs. 15.0 billion (US$ 375 million) in fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 1.5 billion (US$ 37 million) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to increase in interest income from government securities, offset, in part, by an increase in interest expenses on inter-bank borrowings and funds. Premium amortization on government securities decreased to Rs. 9.0 billion (US$ 224 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 10.0 billion (US$ 250 million) in fiscal 2007.
Non-interest income increased to Rs. 34.6 billion (US$ 865 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 21.9 billion (US$ 547 million) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to higher level of gains from equity divestments and dividend from subsidiaries, offset, in part, by loss on exchange transactions and revaluation of investments. Commission, exchange and brokerage of our security broking and primary dealership subsidiaries increased primarily due to increase in equity brokerage and investment banking fees.
Profit on sale of investments increased by 142.1% to Rs. 34.0 billion (US$ 851 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 14.1 billion (US$ 352 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to divestments of equity investments by us and by funds managed by ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited. The net loss on revaluation of investments was Rs. 4.8 billion (US$ 120 million) in fiscal 2008 as compared to Rs. 1.8 billion (US$ 45 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to mark-to-market losses on investments. At year-end fiscal 2008, our overseas branches and banking subsidiaries had an investment portfolio of Rs. 257.9 billion (US$ 6.4 billion) comprising mainly of bonds, certificate of deposits, mortgage backed securities, treasury bills, credit linked notes and asset backed commercial paper. In fiscal 2008, the mark to market losses due to widening of credit spreads and other losses on the investment portfolio aggregating to Rs. 4.6 billion (US$ 115 million) was made through the income statement.
Income from foreign exchange transactions decreased by 84.8% to Rs. 1.3 billion (US$ 32 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 8.4 billion (US$ 210 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to mark-to-market and realized loss of Rs. 6.8 billion (US$ 170 million) on ICICI Bank’s credit derivative portfolio. At March 31, 2008, ICICI Bank had a credit derivative portfolio of Rs. 62.8 billion (US$ 1.6 billion), including funded investments of Rs. 12.2 billion (US$ 305 million) in credit derivative instruments such as credit default swaps, credit linked notes and collateralized debt obligations. The majority of the underlying exposure is to Indian corporates.
Non-interest expenses increased by 81.2% to Rs. 16.4 billion (US$ 410 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 9.1 billion (US$ 227 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase in payments to and provisions for employees and other administrative expenses.
Fiscal 2007 compared to Fiscal 2006
Profit before tax for the investment banking segment increased to Rs. 13.9 billion (US$ 347 million) in fiscal 2007 compared to Rs. 5.7 billion (US$ 142 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in non-interest income and net interest income, offset in part, by an increase in the non-interest expenses.
Net interest income was Rs. 1.5 billion (US$ 37 million) in fiscal 2007 compared to net interest expenses of Rs. 3.0 billion (US$ 75 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to 24.5% increase in premium amortization expenses on government securities to Rs. 10.0 billion (US$ 250 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 8.0 billion (US$ 200 million) in fiscal 2006 and increase in interest on inter-bank borrowings, offset in, part, by a increase in interest income from government securities.
Non-interest income increased by 42.5% to Rs. 21.9 billion (US$ 547 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 15.3 billion (US$ 382 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to higher level of gains from equity divestments, offset in part due to lower profits on proprietary trading as a result of the sharp fall in the equity markets in May 2006 and adverse conditions in debt markets. Commission, exchange and brokerage of our investment banking subsidiary increased primarily due to increase in the advisory fees offset by decrease in fee for equity capital market services.
Non-interest expense increased to Rs. 9.1 billion (US$ 227 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 5.7 billion (US$ 142 million) in fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in payments to and provisions for employees and other administrative expenses.
Insurance Segment
Fiscal 2008 compared to Fiscal 2007
The net loss of insurance segment was at Rs. 11.9 billion (US$ 297 million) for fiscal 2008 as compared to Rs. 3.9 billion (US$ 97 million) for fiscal 2007 primarily due to increase in the net loss of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited.
As would be typical for life insurance companies during the periods of high growth in their initial years, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited incurred a loss of Rs. 14.0 billion (US$ 350 million) primarily due to business set-up and customer acquisition costs as well as reserving for actuarial liability. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited’s new business premium (on weighted received premium basis) grew by 68.3% from Rs. 39.7 billion (US$ 992 million) in fiscal 2007 to Rs. 66.8 billion (US$ 1.7 billion) in fiscal 2008.
ICICI General’s gross written premium (excluding share of motor third party insurance pool) grew by 11.4% from Rs. 30.0 billion (US$ 750 million) in fiscal 2007 to Rs. 33.5 billion (US$ 837 million) in fiscal 2008. The industry witnessed a slowdown in growth on account of de-tariffication of the general insurance industry whereby insurance premiums were freed from price controls, resulting in a significant reduction in premium rates. The industry also witnessed the formation of the motor third party insurance pool for third party insurance of commercial vehicles. Accordingly, all insurance companies are required to cede 100% of premiums collected and claims incurred for this segment to the pool. At the end of the year, the results of the pool are shared by all insurance companies in proportion to their overall market share in the industry. The motor third party pool had a negative impact of Rs. 0.5 billion (US$ 12 million) on the profit of ICICI General. ICICI General is also required to expense
upfront, on origination of a policy, all sourcing expenses related to the policy. ICICI General achieved a profit after tax of Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) in fiscal 2008, a growth of 50.5% over fiscal 2007.
The employee expenses for ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company increased by 100.0% to Rs. 10.4 billion (US$ 260 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 5.2 billion (US$ 130 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to a 77.6% increase in number of employees to 28,973 at year-end fiscal 2008 from 16,317 at year-end fiscal 2007. The employee expenses for ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company increased by 29.2% to Rs. 3.1 billion (US$ 78 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 2.4 billion (US$ 60 million) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to a 16.8% increase in number of employees to 5,570 at year-end fiscal 2008 from 4,770 at year-end fiscal 2007. The increase in employees was commensurate with the growth in businesses. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited has increased its agency force from 234,725 at year-end fiscal 2007 to 290,993 as at year-end fiscal 2008. The number of branches and offices of our insurance subsidiary increased to 2,219 at year-end fiscal 2008 from 803 at year-end fiscal 2007.
Expenses pertaining to insurance business, representing provisions for claims, contribution to linked business, commissions paid and reserving for actuarial liability increased by 71.3% to Rs. 142.8 billion (US$ 3.6 billion) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 83.4 billion (US$ 2.1 billion) in fiscal 2007 primarily due to higher business levels in fiscal 2008. The provisions for claims are determined based on actuarial valuation.
Fiscal 2007 compared to Fiscal 2006
The net loss of insurance segment was at Rs. 3.9 billion (US$ 97 million) for fiscal 2007 as compared to Rs. 495 million (US$ 12 million) for fiscal 2006 primarily due to increase in the net loss of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited.
As would be typical for life insurance companies during the periods of high growth, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited incurred a loss of Rs. 6.5 billion (US$ 162 million) primarily due to business set-up and customer acquisition costs as well as reserving for actuarial liability. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited recorded a growth of 98.4% in total new business premium of Rs. 51.6 billion (US$ 1.3 billion) in fiscal 2007 as compared to Rs. 26.0 billion (US$ 650 million) in fiscal 2006. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited was the largest player in the retail segment of the private sector life insurance market with a market share of about 28% during fiscal 2007 (on weighted received premium basis).
There was an increase in the net loss of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited during fiscal 2007 primarily due to the timing differences in the recognition of premiums collected on policies sold and non-interest expenses and actuarial provisions created for future benefits under the policies, increase in non-interest expenses and appropriation of an amount of Rs 968 million (US$ 24 million) as Funds for Future Appropriation from the revenue account (policyholders account) during fiscal 2007 instead of the profit and loss account.
Life insurance premium is recognized as income when due and costs primarily related to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts including commissions and policy issue expenses are expensed in the year in which they are incurred. The liability for life policies in force and also policies in respect of which premium has been discontinued but a liability exists, is determined by the appointed actuary on the basis of an annual review of the life insurance business.
The non-interest expense of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited increased significantly in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 primarily due to an increase in the employee expenses and other administrative expenses. The employee expenses for ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company increased by 78.2% primarily due to an increase in number of employees to 16,317 at year-end fiscal 2007 from 7,704 at year-end fiscal 2006. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited has increased its agency force from approximately 72,000 at year-end fiscal 2006 to approximately 234,000 as at year-end fiscal 2007. The total number of branches has increased to 583 at year-end fiscal 2007 as compared to 309 at year-end fiscal 2006.
Pursuant to a notification issued by Insurance Regulatory Development Authority dated March 29, 2006, the appointed actuary of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited has determined as amount of Rs. 968 million (US$ 24 million) as release of actuarial reserves on policies which have lapsed in the earlier years. ICICI
Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited had in fiscal 2006 appropriated an amount of Rs. 792 million (US$ 20 million), relating to reserves on policies which lapsed in the earlier years, from the profit and loss account as funds for future appropriation. This resulted in a lower amount of transfer to the policyholders account, leading to lower losses in the profit and loss account for fiscal 2006. Based on the requirements of Insurance Regulatory Development Authority, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited has appropriated an amount of Rs. 968 million (US$ 24 million) as funds for future appropriation from the revenue account (policyholders’ account) during fiscal 2007. In case ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited had followed the policy of appropriating funds for future appropriation from the profit and loss account, the loss for the year would have been lower by Rs. 968 million (US$ 24 million) for fiscal 2007. However, neither the carrying value of funds for future appropriation nor the debit balance of the profit and loss account in the balance sheet is impacted by this change.
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited recorded growth of 88.7% in fiscal 2007 in total gross written premium to Rs. 30.0 billion (US$ 750 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 15.9 billion (US$ 397 million) in fiscal 2006. ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited was the largest private general insurer with a market share of 34% among the private sector general insurance companies during the fiscal 2007. The profits of ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited are impacted by business set up and customer acquisition costs, that are expensed as incurred under Indian GAAP.
The net income of ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited at year-end fiscal 2007 increased primarily due to increase in net premium earned by 102.1%, increase in income from investments by 52.8% and increase in commission income by 51.5%, offset, by increase in net claims incurred by 109.1% and other operating expenses. The increase in net written premium was commensurate with the growth in the businesses and in particular the retail business, where premium retentions are higher.
The employee expenses for ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited increased by 103.1% primarily due to an increase in the number of employees to 4,770 at year end fiscal 2007 from 2,283 at year end fiscal 2006. The increase in employees was commensurate with the growth in businesses.
Others Segment
Fiscal 2008 compared to Fiscal 2007
Profit before tax of the others segment increased to Rs. 1.4 billion (US$ 35 million) in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 528 million (US$ 13 million) in fiscal 2007, primarily due to increase in the profit before tax of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited and ICICI Home Finance Company Limited.
The profit before tax of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited increased primarily due to an increase in investment management and portfolio management fees, offset in part by an increase in the brokerage and incentives paid to agents and increase in marketing, advertisement and publicity expenses. The profit before tax of ICICI Home Finance Company Limited increased primarily due to an increase in fee income and interest income, offset in part, by increase in interest expenses and increase in provision against non-performing assets and standard assets.
Fiscal 2007 compared to Fiscal 2006
Profit before tax of the others segment increased to Rs. 528 million (US$ 13 million) in fiscal 2007 from Rs. 338 million (US$ 8 million) in fiscal 2006, primarily due to increase in the profit before tax of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited.
The profit before tax of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited increased primarily due to an increase in investment management and portfolio management fees, offset by an increase in the brokerage and incentives paid to agents and increase in marketing, advertisement and publicity expenses.
Investment management and portfolio management fees are recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the respective terms of contracts. Income on asset shield products under portfolio management scheme is accrued over the term. The unaccrued portion of income is carried forward as a current liability.
Brokerage and incentives are paid to agents based on the sales generated by them during the year on an accrual basis.
Related party transactions
During fiscal 2008, transactions of the Company with its related parties and key management personnel is given below:
Associates/other related entities
Financial Information Network & Operations Limited, I-Process Services (India) Private Limited, I-Solutions Providers (India) Private Limited, NIIT Institute of Finance, Banking and Insurance Training Limited, ICICI Venture Value Fund, Comm Trade Services Limited, Loyalty Solutions & Research Limited, Café Network Limited, Traveljini.com Limited and Firstsource Solutions Limited (Bank’s holding is 24.97% as on March 31, 2008).
With respect to entities, which have been identified as related parties from the fiscal 2008; previous year’s comparative figures have not been reported.
Key management personnel include whole-time directors. The following are the significant transactions of the Company with its associates/other related entities and key management personnel.
Insurance services
During fiscal 2008, the Company received insurance premium from associates/other related entities of Rs. 117 million (US$ 3 million). During fiscal 2008, the Company paid claims to its associates/other related entities of Rs. 94 million (US$ 2 million).
Fees and commission
During fiscal 2008, the Company received fees from its associates/other related entities of Rs. 107 million (US$ 3 million). During fiscal 2008, the Company received commission amounting to Rs. 7 million (US$ 174,913) from its associates/other related entities.
Lease of premises and facilities
During fiscal 2008, the Company charged an aggregate amount of Rs. 2 million (US$ 49,975) for lease of premises, facilities and other administrative costs to its associates/other related entities.
Secondment of employees
During fiscal 2008, the Company received Rs. 2 million (US$ 49,975) from its associates/other related entities for secondment of employees.
Redemption/buyback of investments
During fiscal 2008, consideration of Rs. 27 million (US$ 674,663) was received on account of buyback/capital reduction of equity shares from associates/other related entities.
Reimbursement of expenses
During fiscal 2008, the Company reimbursed expenses to its associates/other related entities amounting to Rs. 1 million (US$ 24,988).
Brokerage and fee expenses
During fiscal 2008, the Company paid fees to its associates/other related entities of Rs. 2,595 million (US$ 65 million).
Purchase of investments
During fiscal 2008, the Company invested in the equity and preference shares of its associates/other related entities amounting to Rs. 58 million (US$ 1 million) and during fiscal 2008, we purchased certain investments from our joint ventures amounting to Rs. Nil as compared to Rs. Nil in fiscal 2007 (fiscal 2006: Rs. 20 million (US$ 499,750).
Interest expenses
During fiscal 2008, the Company paid interest to its associates/other related entities amounting to Rs. 27 million (US$ 674,663).
Interest income
During fiscal 2008, the Company received interest from its associates/other related entities amounting to Rs. 21 million (US$ 524,738), and received interest from its key management personnel amounting to Rs. 1 million (US$ 24,988) as compared to Rs. 1 million (US$ 24,988) in fiscal 2007 (fiscal 2006: Rs. 1 million (US$ 24,988).
Dividend paid
During fiscal 2008, ICICI Bank paid dividend to its key management personnel amounting to Rs. 15 million (US$ 374,813) as compared to Rs. 4 million (US$ 99,950) in fiscal 2007 (fiscal 2006: Rs. 3 million (US$ 74,963).
Remuneration to whole-time directors
Remuneration paid to the whole-time directors of ICICI Bank during fiscal 2008 was Rs. 90 million (US$ 2 million) as compared to Rs. 87 million (US$ 2 million) in fiscal 2007 (fiscal 2006: Rs. 76 million (US$ 2 million).
Related party balances
The table below sets forth the balances payable to/receivable from its associates/other related entities included in the balance sheet as on March 31, 2008.
| | | |
| | (Rupees in million) | |
Deposits with the Company | | | 234 | |
Advances | | | 143 | |
Investments of the Company in related parties | | | 1,870 | |
Receivables | | | 174 | |
Payables | | | 377 | |
The table below sets forth the balances payable to/receivable from key management personnel as on March 31, 2008.
| | | |
Items | | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions) | |
Deposits | | Rs. | 41 | | | Rs. | 80 | | | Rs. | 25 | |
Advances | | | 14 | | | | 21 | | | | 15 | |
Investments | | | 9 | | | | 14 | | | | 4 | |
(1) Whole-time directors of the Board and their relatives.
Joint ventures and associates
From fiscal 2006, ICICI Bank started consolidating TSI Ventures as a Joint venture as per AS 27 on “Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures”. For fiscal 2008, fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006, TCW/ICICI Investment Partners LLC was classified as a joint venture. For fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2004, TCW/ICICI Investment Partners
LLC was classified as an associate as per AS 23 on ‘Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements’. For fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2004, ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited and ICICI Prudential Trust Limited were classified as joint ventures. From fiscal 2006, the financial statements of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited and ICICI Prudential Trust Limited which were jointly controlled entities were consolidated as per AS 21 on “Consolidated Financial Statements” consequent to the limited revision to AS 27 on “Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures”. From fiscal 2008, ICICI Bank started consolidating Financial Information Network and Operations Limited, I-Process Services (India) Private Limited, I-Solutions Providers (India) Private Limited, NIIT Institute of Finance, Banking and Insurance Training Limited and ICICI Venture Value Fund as associates as per AS 23 on ‘Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements’.
Reconciliation of net profit between Indian GAAP and US GAAP
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian GAAP, which differs, in certain significant aspects from US GAAP. The following discussion explains the significant adjustments to our consolidated profit after tax under Indian GAAP for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 that would result from the application of US GAAP instead of Indian GAAP.
Consolidated profit after tax as per Indian GAAP for the year ended March 31, 2008 of Rs. 34.0 billion (US$ 850 million) was higher than the net income as per US GAAP of Rs. 33.1 billion (US$ 827 million) primarily due to additional charges to the income statement under US GAAP on account of higher loan loss provisioning of Rs. 4.4 billion (US$ 110 million) and higher amortization of fees and costs of Rs. 4.8 billion (US$ 120 million) offset in part by lower losses in life insurance subsidiary amounting to Rs. 6.1 billion (US$ 152 million) and gains on derivative accounting of Rs. 2.3 billion (US$ 57 million).
Consolidated profit after tax as per Indian GAAP for the year ended March 31, 2007 of Rs. 27.6 billion (US$ 690 million) was lower than the net income as per US GAAP of Rs. 31.3 billion (US$ 782 million) primarily due to unrealized gains on venture capital investments accounted for in the income statement under US GAAP, lower losses for insurance subsidiaries due to release of actuarial reserves on policies which have lapsed in the earlier years from the income statement under US GAAP, gains of Rs. 1.4 billion (US$ 35 million) on differences in accounting for securitization, offset in part by amortization of loan origination fees, net of costs, of Rs. 2.3 billion (US$ 57 million) and compensation costs on employee stock options amounting to Rs. 0.8 billion (US$ 20 million).
Consolidated profit after tax as per Indian GAAP for the year ended March 31, 2006 of Rs. 24.2 billion (US$ 605 million) was higher than the net income as per US GAAP of Rs. 20.0 billion (US$ 500 million) primarily due to additional charges to the income statement under US GAAP on account of higher provisions for loan losses of Rs. 5.2 billion (US$ 130 million) on restructured and other impaired loans and differences in the accounting for business combinations of Rs. 1.1 billion (US$ 27 million), including amortization of intangible assets created on acquisitions, offset in part by amortization of loan origination costs, net of fees, of Rs. 3.2 billion (US$ 80 million).
For a further description of significant differences between Indian GAAP and US GAAP, a reconciliation of net income and stockholders’ equity to US GAAP and certain additional information required under US GAAP, see notes 22 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Critical Accounting Policies
In order to understand our financial condition and results of operations, it is important to understand our significant accounting policies and the extent to which we use judgments and estimates in applying those policies. Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with Indian GAAP and conform to standard accounting practices relevant to our products and services and the businesses in which we operate. Indian GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the reported period. Accordingly, we use a significant amount of judgment and estimates based on assumptions for which the actual results are uncertain when we make the estimation.
We have identified three critical accounting policies: accounting for investments, provisions/write offs on loans and other credit facilities and transfer and servicing of assets.
Accounting for Investments
We account for investments in accordance with the guidelines on investment classification and valuation issued by the Reserve Bank of India. We classify all our investments into held to maturity, available for sale and held for trading. Under each classification, we further categorize investments into (a) government securities, (b) other approved securities, (c) shares, (d) bonds and debentures, (e) subsidiaries and joint ventures and (f) others.
Held to Maturity securities are carried at their acquisition cost or at amortized cost, if acquired at a premium over the face value. Any premium over the face value of the securities acquired is amortized over its remaining period to maturity on a constant effective yield basis. We also evaluate our investments for any other than temporary diminution in its value.
We compute the market value of our securities classified as available for sale and held for trading in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India. We amortize the premium, if any, over the face value of our investments in government securities classified as available for sale over the remaining period to maturity on a constant effective yield basis. We compute the market value of our quoted investments based on the trades/quotes on the recognized stock exchanges, SGL account transactions, and price list of Reserve Bank of India or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association, periodically.
We compute the market value of our unquoted government securities included in the available for sale and held for trading categories as per the rates published by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association.
We compute the market value of non-government securities, other than those quoted on the stock exchanges, wherever linked to the Yield-to-Maturity (“YTM”) rates, with a mark-up (reflecting associated credit risk) over the yield to maturity rates for government securities published by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association.
We compute the market value of our unquoted equity shares at the book value, if the latest balance sheet (which is not more than one year prior to the date of the valuation) is available or, at Rupee 1.
We compute the market value of our securities scrip-wise and the depreciation/appreciation is aggregated for each category. Net appreciation in each category, if any, being unrealized, is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
We account for repurchase and reverse purchase transactions in accordance with extant guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India.
Provisions / write-offs on loans and other credit facilities
We classify our loans into standard, sub-standard and doubtful assets based on the number of days an account is overdue. We create provisions on our secured and unsecured corporate loans classified as sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India. Subject to the minimum provisioning levels prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India, provision on homogeneous loans relating to retail assets is assessed on a portfolio level, on the basis of days past due.
We create provisions for our restructured / rescheduled loans based on the present value of the interest sacrifice provided at the time of restructuring.
We upgrade a restructured non-performing loan to a standard account only after the specified period, i.e., a period of one year after the date on which the first payment of interest or of principal, whichever is earlier, is due, subject to satisfactory performance of the account during the period. We upgrade all other non-performing loans to a standard account if arrears of interest and principal are fully paid by the borrower.
In May 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued draft guidelines governing off-balance sheet exposures of banks. In August 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued final guidelines on prudential norms for off-balance sheet exposures of banks. The guidelines require banks to treat only unpaid amounts due for 90 days or more under derivative contracts as non-performing assets. Further, banks’ derivative and gold exposures would attract provisioning requirement as applicable to the loan assets in the standard asset category. Banks are also expected to compute their credit exposures, arising on account of the interest rate and foreign exchange derivative transactions and gold, using the current exposure method.
We also create general provisions on our standard loans based on the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India.
Additionally, we also create provisions on individual country exposures (other than for home country exposures). The countries are categorized into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provisioning is made on the exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the provisions are required to be held. We do not create provisions if the country exposure (net) in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of our total funded assets.
Transfer and servicing of assets
We transfer commercial and consumer loans through securitization transactions. The transferred loans are de-recognized and gains / losses, net of provisions, are accounted for only if we surrender the rights to benefits specified in the loan contract. Recourse and servicing obligations are deducted from proceeds of the sale. We measure the retained beneficial interests in the loans by allocating the carrying value of the loans between the assets sold and the retained interest, based on the relative fair value at the date of the securitization.
Effective February 1, 2006, we account for any loss arising on sale immediately at the time of sale and the profit/premium arising on account of sale is amortized
Recently Issued Accounting pronouncements
US GAAP
Fair value measurement
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. It establishes a single authoritative definition of fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value, and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements. The Statement applies only to fair value measurements that are already required or permitted and is expected to increase the consistency of those measurements. The Statement is effective for fair-value measures already required or permitted by other standards for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We believe that adoption of this statement will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159, Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The Statement allows companies to elect to measure specified financial instruments at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings each reporting period. The Statement applies to all reporting entities, contains financial-statement presentation and disclosure requirements, and is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this statement.
Loan Commitments
In November 2007, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 109 (SAB 109), which requires that the fair value of a written loan commitment that is marked to market through earnings should include the future cash flows related to the loan’s servicing rights. However, the fair value measurement of a written loan commitment still must exclude the expected net cash flows related to internally developed intangible assets (such as customer relationship
intangible assets). SAB 109 is effective for fiscal quarters beginning after December 15, 2007. We believe that adoption of this statement will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Business Combinations
In December 2007, FASB issued Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations. This Statement replaces Statement No. 141, Business Combinations. The statement requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed including contingencies and non-controlling interest in the acquiree, at the acquisition date, measured at their fair value, with limited exceptions specified in the statement. In a business combination achieved in stages, this Statement requires the acquirer to recognize the identifiable assets and liabilities as well as the non-controlling interest in the acquiree at full amounts of their fair values. This Statement requires the acquirer to recognize contingent consideration at the acquisition date, measured at its fair value at that date. We will be required to apply this new Statement prospectively to business combinations consummated in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this statement.
Non-controlling interests in Subsidiaries
In December 2007, FASB issued Statement No. 160, Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – An Amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51. This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This Statement requires the recognition of a non-controlling interest as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent’s equity. Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a change in control will be accounted for as equity transactions. We will be required to adopt this new Statement prospectively to all non-controlling interest, including any that arose before the effective date, for fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this statement.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
In March 2008, FASB issued Statement No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. This statement requires enhanced disclosures on derivative and hedging activities by requiring objectives to be disclosed for using derivative instruments in terms of underlying risk and accounting designation. This Statement requires disclosures on the need of using derivative instruments, accounting of derivative instruments and related hedged items, if any, under Statement No. 133 and the effect of such instruments and related hedge items, if any, on the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. We will be required to adopt this new Statement prospectively, for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this statement.
GAAP Hierarchy
In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement No 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. This Statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of non-governmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States (the GAAP hierarchy). We believe that adoption of this statement will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts
In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement No. 163, Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts. This Statement requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This Statement also clarifies the applicability of Statement No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Companies to financial guarantee insurance contracts, including the recognition and measurement to be used to account for premium revenue and claim liabilities. This Statement requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this statement.
Directors and Executive Officers
Our board of directors, consisting of 16 members at March 31, 2008, is responsible for the management of our business. Our organizational documents provide for a minimum of three directors and a maximum of 21 directors, excluding the government director and the debenture director (defined below), if any. We may, subject to the provisions of our organizational documents and the Companies Act, change the minimum or maximum number of directors by a resolution which is passed at a general meeting by a majority of the present and voting shareholders. In addition, under the Banking Regulation Act, the Reserve Bank of India may require us to convene a meeting of our shareholders for the purposes of appointing new directors to our board of directors.
The Banking Regulation Act requires that at least 51% of our directors should have special knowledge or practical experience in banking and areas relevant to banking including accounting, finance, agriculture and small scale industry. All of our directors are professionals with special knowledge of one or more of the above areas. Of the 16 directors, five are directors who are in our whole time employment, or whole time directors. The appointment of whole time directors requires the approval of the Reserve Bank of India and the shareholders. The government of India has appointed one representative, Mr. Arun Ramanathan, to our board. Of the remaining 10 independent directors, Mr. N. Vaghul is the non-executive chairman of our board and Mr. T.S. Vijayan is the Chairman of Life Insurance Corporation of India, which is one of ICICI Bank’s large institutional shareholders. One director is a consultant, one is a chartered accountant and business advisor, one is a professor of finance, two are retired company executives, one is from a financial holding company with investments in insurance and investment management and two are from industrial companies (including agriculture-based industries). Of the 11 non-whole time directors, three have specialized knowledge in respect of agriculture and rural economy or small-scale industry. The Reserve Bank of India has also prescribed ‘fit and proper’ criteria to be considered while appointing persons as directors of banking companies. Our directors (other than the government director) are required to make declarations confirming their ongoing compliance of the ‘fit and proper’ criteria. Our board of directors has reviewed the declarations received from the directors in this regard and determined that all our directors satisfy the ‘fit and proper’ criteria. The appointment of the chairman and all whole time directors requires the approval of the Reserve Bank of India.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Companies Act, at least two-thirds of the total number of directors are subject to retirement by rotation. The government director and the debenture director are not subject to retirement by rotation as per our organizational documents; One-third of the directors must retire from office at each annual meeting of shareholders. A retiring director is eligible for re-election. Pursuant to the provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, none of the directors other than whole time directors may hold office continuously for a period exceeding eight years. Pursuant to the Reserve Bank of India guidelines, a person would be eligible for appointment as director if he or she is between 35 and 70 years of age.
Our organizational documents also provide that we may execute trust deeds in respect of our debentures under which the trustee or trustees may appoint a director, known as the debenture director. The debenture director is not subject to retirement by rotation and may only be removed as provided in the relevant trust deed. Currently, there is no debenture director on our board of directors.
Mr. N. Vaghul was appointed as a director on March 27, 2002. He was appointed as non-whole time chairman of the board effective May 3, 2002 for a period of three years. The board at its meeting on April 30, 2005 reappointed him as non-whole time chairman of the board until April 30, 2009 which has been approved by the Reserve Bank of India.
Mr. K.V. Kamath, previously a non-whole time director, was appointed as Managing Director & CEO effective May 3, 2002. His current term as Managing Director & CEO expires on April 30, 2009. Ms. Chanda Kochhar was appointed as whole time director designated as Executive Director effective April 1, 2001 and designated as Deputy Managing Director effective April 29, 2006. While our shareholders have approved her term of office up to April 30, 2011, the Reserve Bank of India has approved her term of office up to April 30, 2009. Ms. Kochhar has been elevated to Joint Managing Director & Chief Financial Officer effective October 19, 2007. Mr. V. Vaidyanathan and Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch were appointed as whole time directors designated as Executive Directors, each for a period
of five years, effective October 24, 2006 and June 1, 2007 respectively. Mr. Sonjoy Chatterjee has been appointed as whole time director, designated as Executive Director, for a period of five years, effective October 22, 2007.
In order to comply with the provisions of the Companies Act and our organizational documents, Mr. V. Vaidyanathan, Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch and Sonjoy Chatterjee will be subject to retirement by rotation if at any time the number of non-rotational directors exceeds one-third of the total number of directors. If they are re-appointed as directors immediately upon retirement by rotation, they will continue to hold their offices as whole time directors, and the retirement by rotation and re-appointment shall not be deemed to constitute a break in their appointment. Our other executive officers may hold office until they retire, unless they are discharged earlier by us.
Ms. Kalpana Morparia completed her term as Joint Managing Director of ICICI Bank on May 31, 2007 and retired from our board of directors effective June 1, 2007. Dr. Nachiket Mor sought early retirement from ICICI Bank effective October 19, 2007 and has been appointed as President of the ICICI Foundation for Inclusive Growth, a not-for-profit institution established by us.
Our board of directors had the following members at March 31, 2008:
Name, Designation and Profession | Age (years) | Date of Appointment | Particulars of other Directorship(s) |
Mr. Narayanan Vaghul Chairman Chairman: Board Governance & Remuneration Committee Credit Committee Customer Service Committee Risk Committee Strategy Committee Profession: Development Banker | 71 | March 27, 2002 | Chairman Asset Reconstruction Company (India) Limited GIVE Foundation Himatsingka Seide Limited ICICI Knowledge Park Mahindra World City Developers Limited Institute for Financial Management and Research-Board of Governors Director Pratham India Education Initiative Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited Azim Premji Foundation Hemogenomics Private Limited IAL Airport Services Limited Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Arcelor Mittal Luxembourg (formerly known as Mittal Steel Company N.V.) Arcelor Mittal Europe National Aviation Company of India Limited Nicholas Piramal India Limited Trans-India Acquisition Corporation Wipro Limited Member National Institute of Public Finance & Policy-Governing Body LNM Institute of Information Technology |
| | | |
Name, Designation and Profession | Age (years) | Date of Appointment | Particulars of other Directorship(s) |
Mr. Sridar Iyengar Chairman: Audit Committee Profession: Business Advisor | 60 | April 30, 2005 | Director American Indian Foundation Foundation for Democratic Reforms in India Infosys BPO Limited Infosys Technologies Limited Kovair Software Inc. Onmobile Asia Pacific Private Limited Rediff.com India Limited Rediff Holdings Inc. Career Launchers India Limited |
| | | |
Mr. Lakshmi Niwas Mittal Profession: Industrialist | 57 | May 3, 2002 | Director Arcelor Mittal S.A. Arcelor Mittal USA Inc. ONGC Mittal Energy Limited ONGC Mittal Energy Mittal Services Limited Commonwealth Business Council Limited EADS N.V. (European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company) President Ispat Inland U.L.C |
| | | |
Mr. Narendra Murkumbi Profession: Company Executive | 38 | January 20, 2006 | Chairman KBK-Chem Engineering Private Limited Managing Director Shree Renuka Sugars Limited Director J. P. Mukherji & Associates Private Limited Murkumbi Bioagro Private Limited Murkumbi Industries Private Limited Shree Renuka Infraprojects Limited Director & CEO Renuka Commodities DMCC, Dubai |
| | | |
Mr. Anupam Pradip Puri Profession: Management Consultant | 62 | May 3, 2002 | Director Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Tech Mahindra Limited |
| | | |
Mr. Arun Ramanathan Profession: Government Service | 59 | January 18, 2008 | Director State Bank of India IDBI Bank Limited IDFC Limited Life Insurance Corporation of India India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited |
| | | |
Name, Designation and Profession | Age (years) | Date of Appointment | Particulars of other Directorship(s) |
Mr. Mahendra Kumar Sharma Chairman: Fraud Monitoring Committee Share Transfer & Shareholders’/Investors’ Grievance Committee Alternate Chairman: Audit Committee Profession: Retired Company Executive | 61 | January 31, 2003 | Director ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited Bata (India) Limited Sanmar Group of Companies- Advisory Board Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (India) Pvt. Limited |
| | | |
Mr. Priya Mohan Sinha Profession: Professional Manager | 67 | January 22, 2002 | Chairman Bata India Limited Director Indian Oil Corporation Limited Lafarge India Private Limited Wipro Limited |
| | | |
Prof. Marti Gurunath Subrahmanyam Profession: Professor | 61 | May 3, 2002 | Director ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited Infosys Technologies Limited International Schools of Business Management Limited Metahelix Life Sciences Private Limited Nomura Asset Management (U.S.A.), Inc. Usha Comm Tech Limited |
| | | |
Mr. T.S. Vijayan Profession: Company Executive | 55 | April 30, 2005 | Chairman Life Insurance Corporation of India Non-Executive Chairman LIC Housing Finance Limited LIC Mutual Fund Asset Management Company Limited LIC (International) (BSC)(C) Bahrain LIC (Nepal) Limited LIC (Lanka) Limited LIC (Mauritius) Offshore Limited LIC Pension Fund Limited Director General Insurance Corporation of India Kenindia Assurance Company Limited National Commodities & Derivatives Exchange Limited National Stock Exchange of India Limited |
| | | |
Name, Designation and Profession | Age (years) | Date of Appointment | Particulars of other Directorship(s) |
Mr. V. Prem Watsa Profession: Company Executive | 57 | January 29, 2004 | Chairman & CEO Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited Chairman Crum & Foster Holdings Corp. Northbridge Financial Corporation TIG Holdings, Inc. Director Cunningham Lindsey Group Inc. Odyssey Re Holdings Corp 1109519 Ontario Limited 810679 Ontario Limited FFHL Share Option 1 Corporation Hamblin Watsa Investment Council Limited FFHL Group Limited The Sixty Four Foundation The Sixty Three Foundation The Sixty Two Investment Company Limited |
| | | |
Mr. Kundapur Vaman Kamath Chairman: Committee of Directors Profession: Company Executive | 60 | April 17, 1996 | Chairman ICICI Bank Canada ICICI Bank UK PLC ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited ICICI Securities Limited Member—Governing Board Emergency Management & Research Institute Manipal University Pandeet Deendayal Petroleum University Governing Council The ICICI Foundation for Inclusive Growth-Chairman Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad- Member Indian School of Business |
| | | |
Name, Designation and Profession | Age (years) | Date of Appointment | Particulars of other Directorship(s) |
Ms. Chanda Kochhar Profession: Company Executive | 46 | April 1, 2001 | Chairperson ICICI Bank Eurasia Limited Liability Company ICICI Investment Management Company Limited Vice-Chairperson ICICI Bank UK PLC ICICI Bank Canada Director ICICI International Limited ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited Governing Council The ICICI Foundation for Inclusive Growth-Member |
| | | |
Mr. V. Vaidyanathan Profession: Company Executive | 40 | October 24, 2006 | Chairman ICICI Home Finance Company Limited Director ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited ICICI Securities Limited |
| | | |
Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch Executive Director Profession: Company Executive | 42 | June 1, 2007 | Director ICICI Prudential Trust Limited ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited |
| | | |
Mr. Sonjoy Chatterjee Profession: Company Executive | 40 | October 22, 2007 | Director ICICI Bank Canada ICICI Bank UK PLC ICICI Bank Eurasia Limited Liability Company |
Our executive officers at September 5, 2008 were as follows:
| | | | Designation and Responsibilities | | | | | Total remuneration in fiscal 2008(1) (in Rupees) | | | Bonus for fiscal 2008 (in Rupees) | | | Stock options granted in fiscal 2008 | | | Stock options granted in fiscal 2009 | | | Total stock options granted through September 5, 2008 | | | Total stock options outstanding at September 5, 2008(2) | | | Share- holdings at September 5, 2008(3) | |
Mr. K.V. Kamath | | | 60 | | Managing Director & CEO | | | 36 | | | | 22,294,699 | | | | 4,324,800 | | | | 300,000 | | | | 270,000 | | | | 1,845,000 | | | | 1,170,000 | | | | 490,000 | |
Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar | | | 46 | | Joint Managing Director & CFO | | | 24 | | | | 12,857,244 | | | | 2,244,000 | | | | 175,000 | | | | 180,000 | | | | 985,000 | | | | 655,000 | | | | 268,925 | |
Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch | | | 42 | | Executive Director | | | 18 | | | | 12,888,225 | | | | 1,700,000 | | | | 100,000 | | | | 125,000 | | | | 579,900 | | | | 405,000 | | | | 98,861 | |
Mr.V. Vaidyanathan | | | 40 | | Executive Director | | | 17 | | | | 11,282,191 | | | | 2,040,000 | | | | 150,000 | | | | 125,000 | | | | 609,900 | | | | 455,000 | | | | 16,810 | |
Mr. Sonjoy Chatterjee | | | 40 | | Executive Director | | | 15 | | | | 3,663,251 | | | | 841,639 | | | | 75,000 | | | | 125,000 | | | | 346,850 | | | | 250,625 | | | | 30,925 | |
Mr. K. Ramkumar | | | 46 | | Group Chief Human Resources Officer | | | 23 | | | | 10,657,968 | | | | 2,541,639 | | | | 100,000 | | | | 125,000 | | | | 480,000 | | | | 382,500 | | | | 22,000 | |
Mr. Pravir Vohra | | | 54 | | Group Chief Technology Officer | | | 33 | | | | 9,445,477 | | | | 2,541,639 | | | | 100,000 | | | | 125,000 | | | | 404,500 | | | | 320,500 | | | | 47,500 | |
(1) | Including ICICI Bank’s contribution to the superannuation fund, provident fund and leave travel allowance and excluding bonus payable for fiscal 2007 which was paid in fiscal 2008. Includes aggregate leave travel allowance availed during the year: K.V. Kamath – Rs. 2,650,000 (US$ 66,217), Chanda D. Kochhar – Rs. 2,500,000 (US$ 62,469), Madhabi Puri-Buch – Rs. 1,950,000 (US$ 48,726), V. Vaidyanathan - Rs. 1,250,000 (US$ 31,234), Sonjoy Chatterjee - Rs. NIL and all other executive officers - Rs. 2,080,822 (US$ 51,995); |
(2) | Each stock option, once exercised, is equivalent to one equity share of ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank granted these stock options to its executive officers at no cost. See “— Compensation and Benefits to Directors and Officers — Employee Stock Option Scheme” for a description of the other terms of these stock options. In accordance with the Scheme of Amalgamation, directors and employees of ICICI have received stock options in ICICI Bank equal to half the number of the outstanding unexercised stock options they held in ICICI with the exercise price of these options being equal to twice the exercise price for the ICICI stock options exchanged. The stock options mentioned above include ICICI stock options converted into ICICI Bank stock options on this basis. |
(3) | Executive officers and directors (including non-executive directors) as a group held about 0.5% of ICICI Bank’s equity shares as of this date. |
Mr. K.V. Kamath has a degree in mechanical engineering and a post-graduate degree in management from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He joined ICICI in 1971 and worked in the areas of project finance, leasing, resources and corporate planning. In 1988, he left ICICI to join the Asian Development Bank, where he worked for six years. In January 1995, he joined a private sector group in Indonesia as advisor to its chairman. Mr. Kamath joined the board of directors of ICICI in October 1995. He was appointed Managing Director & CEO of ICICI in May 1996 and was re-appointed in May 2001. Mr. Kamath was a non-whole time director on the board of ICICI Bank from April 1996. Effective May 3, 2002 our board appointed Mr. Kamath as Managing Director & CEO.
Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar has a post-graduate degree in management from the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai and a degree in cost and works accountancy from the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India. She started her career in 1984 with ICICI in its project finance department and has worked in
the areas of corporate credit, infrastructure financing, e-commerce, strategy and retail finance. She was appointed to our board as an Executive Director in April 2001. Our board designated her as Deputy Managing Director in April 2006 and as Joint Managing Director & Chief Financial Officer in October 2007. She is currently responsible for the corporate centre.
Mr. V. Vaidyanathan has a post-graduate degree in business administration from Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Ranchi. He worked in Citibank before joining ICICI in 2000 in the personal financial services division. Our board of directors appointed him as a whole time director designated as Executive Director in October 2006. He is responsible for retail banking and the rural, micro-banking and agricultural business.
Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch is a graduate in mathematical economics and has a post-graduate degree in management from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. She joined ICICI in 1989 in the project finance department. She left ICICI in 1992 and worked in ANZ Grindlays Bank and ORG MARG Research before joining ICICI again in January 1997 in the planning and treasury department. Our board of directors appointed her as a whole time director designated as Executive Director in June 2007. She is responsible for operations, global markets and the corporate brand.
Mr. Sonjoy Chatterjee has a degree in chemical engineering and a post-graduate degree in management from the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. He joined ICICI in 1994 in the project finance department. He has worked in the areas of project finance, corporate banking, strategy and international banking. From 2003 to 2007, he was the chief executive of ICICI Bank UK PLC. Our board of directors appointed him as a whole time director designated as Executive Director in October 2007. He is currently responsible for wholesale banking, government banking and international banking.
Mr. K. Ramkumar is a science graduate from Madras University with a post-graduate diploma in industrial relations and labor laws. He worked with ICI India before joining ICICI in 2001 in the human resources department. In 2006 he was designated as Group Chief Human Resources Officer.
Mr. Pravir Vohra is a post-graduate in economics from Delhi University. He was Joint President in 3i Infotech Limited (formerly ICICI Infotech Limited) before he joined ICICI Bank in 2002. He was designated as Group Chief Technology Officer in 2006.
Corporate Governance
Our corporate governance policies recognize the accountability of the board and the importance of making the board transparent to all its constituents, including employees, customers, investors and the regulatory authorities, and to demonstrate that the shareholders are the ultimate beneficiaries of our economic activities.
Our corporate governance framework is based on an effective independent board, the separation of the board’s supervisory role from the executive management and the constitution of board committees, generally comprising a majority of independent directors and chaired by an independent director, to oversee critical areas and functions of executive management.
Our corporate governance philosophy encompasses not only regulatory and legal requirements, such as the terms of listing agreements with stock exchanges, but also several voluntary practices aimed at a high level of business ethics, effective supervision and enhancement of value for all stakeholders.
Our board’s role, functions, responsibility and accountability are clearly defined. In addition to its primary role of monitoring corporate performance, the functions of our board include:
| · | approving corporate philosophy and mission; |
| · | participating in the formulation of strategic and business plans; |
| · | reviewing and approving financial plans and budgets; |
| · | monitoring corporate performance against strategic and business plans, including overseeing operations; |
| · | ensuring ethical behavior and compliance with laws and regulations; |
| · | reviewing and approving borrowing limits; |
| · | formulating exposure limits; and |
| · | keeping shareholders informed regarding plans, strategies and performance. |
To enable our board of directors to discharge these responsibilities effectively, executive management gives detailed reports on our performance to the board on a quarterly basis.
Our board functions either as a full board or through various committees constituted to oversee specific operational areas. These board committees meet regularly. The constitution and main functions of the various committees are given below.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee comprises three independent directors – Mr. Sridar Iyengar, who is a Chartered Accountant, Mr. M.K. Sharma and Mr. Narendra Murkumbi. Mr. Sridar Iyengar is the Chairman of the Committee and Mr. M.K. Sharma is the Alternate Chairman.
Our board of directors has also determined that Mr. Sridar Iyengar qualifies as an audit committee financial expert.
The Committee provides direction to the audit function and monitors the quality of the internal and statutory audit. The responsibilities of the Audit Committee include overseeing of the financial reporting process to ensure fairness, sufficiency and credibility of financial statements, recommendation of appointment and removal of central and branch statutory auditors as also chief internal auditor and fixation of their remuneration, approval of payment to statutory auditors for other services rendered by them, review of functioning of Whistle Blower Policy, review of the quarterly and annual financial statements before submission to board, review of the adequacy of internal control systems and the internal audit function, review of compliance with inspection and audit reports and reports of statutory auditors, review of the findings of internal investigations, review of statement of significant related party transactions, review of Management letters/letter of internal control weaknesses issued by statutory auditors, reviewing with the management, the statement of uses/application of funds raised through an issue (public issue, rights issue, preferential issue, etc.), the statement of funds utilized for the purposes other than those stated in the offer document/prospectus/notice and the report submitted by the monitoring agency, monitoring the utilization of proceeds of a public or rights issue and making appropriate recommendations to the Board to take steps in this matter, discussion on the scope of audit with external auditors and examination of reasons for substantial defaults, if any, in payment to stakeholders. The Committee provides direction to the internal audit function and monitors the quality of internal and statutory audit. The Committee is also empowered to appoint/oversee the work of any registered public accounting firm, establish procedures for receipt and treatment of complaints received regarding accounting and auditing matters, engage independent counsel as also provide for appropriate funding for compensation to be paid to any firm/advisors. In addition, the Audit Committee also exercises oversight on the compliance risk management framework by providing directions to the regulatory compliance function of ICICI Bank.
All audit and non-audit services to be provided by our principal accountants are pre-approved by the Audit Committee before such services are provided to us.
Board Governance & Remuneration Committee
The Board Governance & Remuneration Committee comprises five independent directors - Mr. N. Vaghul, Mr. Anupam Puri, Mr. M K. Sharma, Mr. P. M. Sinha and Prof. Marti G Subrahmanyam. Mr. N. Vaghul is the Chairman of the Committee.
The functions of the Committee include recommendation of appointments to the board, evaluation of the performance of the Managing Director & CEO and other whole-time Directors on pre-determined parameters, recommendation to our board of the remuneration (including performance bonus and perquisites) to whole-time Directors, approval of the policy for and quantum of bonus payable to the members of the staff, framing of guidelines for the Employees Stock Option Scheme and recommendation of grant of ICICI Bank stock options to the employees and the whole time Directors of ICICI Bank and its subsidiary companies.
Credit Committee
The Credit Committee comprises five directors – Mr. N. Vaghul, Mr. Narendra Murkumbi, Mr. M. K. Sharma, Mr. P. M. Sinha and Mr. K. V. Kamath. The majority of the members of the Committee are independent directors. Mr. N. Vaghul is the Chairman of the Committee.
The functions of the Committee include review of developments in key industrial sectors and approval of credit proposals in accordance with the authorization approved by the board.
Customer Service Committee
The Customer Service Committee comprises five directors – Mr. N. Vaghul, Mr. Narendra Murkumbi, Mr. M. K. Sharma, Mr. P. M. Sinha and Mr. K. V. Kamath. The majority of the members of the Committee are independent directors. Mr. N. Vaghul is the Chairman of the Committee. The functions of the Committee include review of customer service initiatives, overseeing the functioning of the Customer Service Council and evolving innovative measures for enhancing the quality of customer service and improvement in the overall satisfaction level of customers.
Fraud Monitoring Committee
The Fraud Monitoring Committee comprises of the following directors - Mr. M.K. Sharma, Mr. Narendra Murkumbi, Mr. K.V. Kamath, Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar and Mr. V. Vaidyanathan. Mr. M. K. Sharma is the Chairman of the Committee.
The functions of the Committee include monitoring and review of all instances of frauds involving an amount of Rs.10 million and above.
Risk Committee
The Risk Committee comprises five directors – Mr. N. Vaghul, Mr. Sridar Iyengar, Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Mr. V. Prem Watsa and Mr. K. V. Kamath. The majority of the members of the Committee are independent directors. Mr. N. Vaghul is the Chairman of the Committee. The Committee reviews ICICI Bank’s risk management policies in relation to various risks (portfolio, liquidity, interest rate, off-balance sheet and operational risks), investment policies and strategy and regulatory and compliance issues in relation thereto. The Committee also reviews key risk indicators covering areas such as credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, foreign exchange risk and internal audit
Share Transfer & Shareholders’/Investors’ Grievance Committee
The Share Transfer & Shareholders’/Investors’ Grievance Committee comprises of the following directors – Mr. M.K. Sharma, Mr. Narendra Murkumbi, Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar and Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch. Mr. M. K. Sharma, an independent director, is the Chairman of the Committee.
The functions of the Committee include approval and rejection of transfer or transmission of equity and preference shares, bonds, debentures and securities, issue of duplicate certificates, allotment of shares and securities issued from time to time, including those under stock options, review and redressal of shareholders’ and investors’ complaints, delegation of authority for opening and operation of bank accounts for payment of interest, dividend and redemption of securities and the listing of securities on stock exchanges.
Strategy Committee
The Strategy Committee was constituted by the Board at its meeting held on March 7-8, 2008. The Strategy Committee comprises five Directors – Mr. N Vaghul, Mr. M. K. Sharma, Mr. Narendra Murkumbi, Mr. K.V. Kamath and Ms. Chanda Kochhar. The Committee is chaired by Mr. N. Vaghul.
The functions of the Committee are to evaluate various strategic opportunities, including acquisitions/ divestitures, restructuring and other strategic initiatives for ICICI Bank and its subsidiaries and recommend the same to the Board.
Committee of Directors
The Committee of Directors comprises all five whole time directors and Mr. K.V. Kamath, Managing Director & CEO is the Chairman of the Committee.
The powers of the Committee include approval of credit proposals as per authorization approved by the board, approvals in respect of borrowing and treasury operations and premises and property related matters.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for our directors and all our employees, which are filed as an exhibit to this report. In fiscal 2008, the Code was updated and amended. The revisions to the Code are primarily focused on the following issues:
| · | Conflicts of Interest and outside activities |
| · | Know your Customer/Anti-money Laundering |
| · | Accuracy of Company Records and reports |
| · | Work Place Responsibility |
| · | Raising Ethical Issues within ICICI Bank |
| · | Special responsibility of Superiors and Managers |
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The total fees to our principal accountant relating to audit of consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2008 and the fees for other professional services billed in fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2008 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | (in millions) | | | | |
Audit | | | | | | | | | |
Audit of ICICI Bank Limited and its subsidiaries | | Rs. | 60.6 | | | Rs. | 110.6 | | | US$ | 2,763,618 | |
Audit-related services | | | | | | | | | |
Opinion on non-statutory accounts presented in Indian Rupees | | | 14.1 | | | | 5.4 | | | | 134,933 | |
Others | | | 25.1 | | | | 33.1 | | | | 827,086 | |
Sub-total | | | 99.8 | | | | 149.1 | | | | 3,725,637 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-audit services | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax services | | | - | | | | - | | | | | |
Tax compliance | | | 1.0 | | | | 11.1 | | | | 277,361 | |
Other services | | | 20.4 | | | | 3.0 | | | | 74,963 | |
Sub-total | | | 21.4 | | | | 14.1 | | | | 352,324 | |
Total | | Rs. | | | | Rs. | | | | US$ | | |
Fees for “other services” under the non-audit services category are principally fees related to certification services. Our Audit Committee approved the fees paid to our principal accountant relating to audit of consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2008 and fees for other professional services billed in fiscal 2008. Our Audit Committee pre-approves all significant assignments undertaken for us by our principal accountant.
Summary Comparison of Corporate Governance Practices
The following is a summary comparison of significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those required by the New York Stock Exchange for United States issuers.
Independent directors. A majority of our board are independent directors, as defined under applicable Indian legal requirements. Under these requirements, directors are not independent if they have any material pecuniary relationship or transactions with us, our management or our subsidiaries. We have not made a determination as to whether our directors would be considered independent under the New York Stock Exchange rules. Though the judgment on independence must be made by our board, there is no requirement that our board affirmatively make such determination, as required by the New York Stock Exchange rules. Further, one of our directors is a representative of the Indian government, as required by the terms of the loan and guarantee facilities provided by the Indian government.
Non-management directors meetings. Though there is no such requirement under applicable Indian legal requirements, our non-management directors meet separately before each board meeting.
Board Governance and Remuneration Committee and the Audit Committee. The members of our Board Governance and Remuneration Committee are independent, as defined under applicable Indian legal requirements. All members of our Audit Committee are independent under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. The constitution and main functions of these committees as approved by our board are described above and comply with the spirit of the New York Stock Exchange requirements for United States issuers.
Corporate Governance Guidelines. Under New York Stock Exchange rules, United States issuers are required to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines addressing matters such as standards of director qualification, responsibilities of directors, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, management succession and annual performance review of the board of directors. As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to adopt such guidelines.
Compensation and Benefits to Directors and Officers
Remuneration
Under our organizational documents, each non-whole time director, except the government director, is entitled to receive remuneration for attending each meeting of our board or of a board committee. The amount of remuneration payable to non-whole time directors is set by our board from time to time in accordance with limitations prescribed by the Indian Companies Act or the government of India. The remuneration for attending each board or committee meeting is currently fixed at Rs. 20,000 (US$ 500). In addition, we reimburse directors for travel and related expenses in connection with board and committee meetings and related matters. If a director is required to perform services for us beyond attending meetings, we may remunerate the director as determined by our board of directors and this remuneration may be either in addition to or as substitution for the remuneration discussed above. We have not paid any remuneration to non-whole time directors other than the remuneration for attending each meeting of our board or of a board committee. Non-whole time directors are not entitled to the payment of any benefits at the end of their term of office.
Our board or any committee thereof may fix, within the range approved by our shareholders, the salary payable to the whole time directors. We are required to obtain specific approval of the Reserve Bank of India for the actual monthly salary and performance bonus paid each year to the whole time directors.
The following table sets forth the currently applicable monthly salary ranges.
| |
Mr. K. V. Kamath Managing Director & CEO | 700,000 - 1,350,000 (US$ 17,491- US$ 33,733) |
Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar Joint Managing Director & CFO | 400,000 - 1,050,000 (US$ 9,995- US$ 26,237) |
Mr. V. Vaidyanathan Executive Director | 300,000 - 1,000,000 (US$ 7,496- US$ 24,988) |
Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch Executive Director | 300,000 - 1,000,000 (US$ 7,496- US$ 24,988) |
Mr. Sonjoy Chatterjee Executive Director | 300,000 - 1,000,000 (US$ 7,496- US$ 24,988) |
The whole time directors are entitled to perquisites (evaluated pursuant to Indian Income-tax Rules, wherever applicable, and otherwise at actual cost to ICICI Bank), such as furnished accommodation, gas, electricity, water and furnishings, club fees, personal insurance, use of car and telephone at residence or reimbursement of expenses in lieu thereof, payment of income-tax on perquisites by ICICI Bank to the extent permissible under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1961 and the Rules framed there under, medical reimbursement, leave and leave travel concession, education benefits, provident fund, superannuation fund, gratuity and other retirement benefits, in accordance with the scheme(s) and rule(s) applicable to employees of ICICI Bank from time to time. Where accommodation is not provided, each of the whole time directors is eligible for a house rent allowance of Rs. 100,000 (US$ 2,499) per month and maintenance of accommodation including furniture, fixtures and furnishings, as may be provided by ICICI Bank.
None of the service contracts with our directors provide for benefits upon termination of engagement.
The total compensation paid by ICICI Bank to its whole time directors and executive officers, Mr. K.V. Kamath, Ms. Kalpana Morparia, Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar, Dr. Nachiket Mor, Mr. V. Vaidyanathan, Ms. Madhabi Puri-Buch, Mr. Sonjoy Chatterjee, Mr. K. Ramkumar and Mr. Pravir Vohra in fiscal 2008, including bonus for fiscal 2007, was Rs. 122 million (US$ 3 million).
Bonus
Each year, our board of directors awards discretionary bonuses to employees and whole time directors on the basis of performance and seniority. The performance of each employee is evaluated through a performance management appraisal system. The aggregate amount accrued by ICICI Bank for bonuses to all eligible employees for fiscal 2008 was Rs. 2.0 billion (US$ 50 million). This amount was paid in fiscal 2009.
Employee Stock Option Scheme
ICICI Bank has an Employee Stock Option Scheme in terms of which up to 5.0% of our issued equity shares may be allocated to employee stock options. Permanent employees and directors of ICICI Bank, its subsidiaries and its holding company are eligible employees for grant of stock options. ICICI Bank has no holding company. The maximum number of options granted to any eligible employee in a year is restricted to 0.05% of our issued equity shares at the time of the grant.
Under the stock option scheme, eligible employees are entitled to apply for equity shares. The options granted for fiscal 2003 and earlier vest annually in a graded manner over a three-year period, with 20.0%, 30.0% and 50.0% of the grants vesting each year, commencing not earlier than 12 months from the date of grant. Options granted for fiscal 2004 through fiscal 2008, and other grants made during fiscal 2009 vest in a graded manner over a four-year period with 20.0%, 20.0%, 30.0% and 30.0% of grants vesting each year, commencing from the end of 12 months from the date of grant. The options can be exercised within 10 years from the date of grant or five years from the date of vesting, whichever is later.
The exercise price for options granted prior to June 30, 2003 is equal to the market price of our equity shares on the date of grant on the stock exchange, which recorded the highest trading volume on the date of grant. On June 30, 2003, the Securities and Exchange Board of India revised its guidelines on employee stock options. While the revised guidelines provided that companies were free to determine the exercise price of stock options granted by them, they prescribed accounting rules and other disclosures, including expensing of stock options in the income statement, which are applicable to our Indian GAAP financial statements, in the event the exercise price was not equal to the average of the high and low market price of the equity shares in the two week period preceding the date of grant of the options, on the stock exchange which recorded the highest trading volume during the two week period. Effective July 22, 2004, the Securities and Exchange Board of India revised this basis of pricing to the latest available closing price, prior to the date of the meeting of the board of directors, in which options are granted, on the stock exchange which recorded the highest trading volume on that date. The exercise price for options granted by ICICI Bank on or after June 30, 2003, but before July 22, 2004 is equal to the average of the high and low market price of the equity shares in the two week period preceding the date of grant of the options, on the stock exchange which recorded the highest trading volume during the two week period. The exercise price of options granted on or after July 22, 2004 is equal to the closing price on the stock exchange which recorded the highest trading volume preceding the date of grant of options.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the stock option grants ICICI Bank has made under its employee stock option scheme. ICICI Bank granted all of these stock options at no cost to its employees. ICICI Bank has not granted any stock options to its non-whole time directors.
| | | | | | |
February 21, 2000 | | | 1,713,000 | | | Rs. | 171.90 | | | US$ | 4.30 | |
April 26, 2001 | | | 1,580,200 | | | | 170.00 | | | | 4.25 | |
March 27, 2002 | | | 3,155,000 | | | | 120.35 | | | | 3.01 | |
April 25, 2003 | | | 7,338,300 | | | | 132.05 | | | | 3.30 | |
July 25, 2003 | | | 147,500 | | | | 157.03 | | | | 3.92 | |
October 31, 2003 | | | 6,000 | | | | 222.40 | | | | 5.56 | |
April 30, 2004 | | | 7,539,500 | | | | 300.10 | | | | 7.50 | |
September 20, 2004 | | | 15,000 | | | | 275.20 | | | | 6.88 | |
April 30, 2005 | | | 4,906,180 | | | | 359.95 | | | | 8.99 | |
August 20, 2005 | | | 70,600 | | | | 498.20 | | | | 12.45 | |
| | | | | | |
January 20, 2006 | | | 5,000 | | | | 569.55 | | | | 14.23 | |
April 29, 2006 | | | 6,267,400 | | | | 576.80 | | | | 14.41 | |
July 22, 2006 | | | 29,000 | | | | 484.75 | | | | 12.11 | |
October 24, 2006 | | | 78,500 | | | | 720.55 | | | | 18.00 | |
January 20, 2007 | | | 65,000 | | | | 985.40 | | | | 24.62 | |
April 28, 2007 | | | 4,820,300 | | | | 935.15 | | | | 23.37 | |
July 21, 2007 | | | 11,000 | | | | 985.85 | | | | 24.63 | |
October 19, 2007 | | | 46,000 | | | | 1,036.50 | | | | 25.90 | |
January 19, 2008 | | | 40,000 | | | | 1,248.85 | | | | 31.21 | |
March 8, 2008 | | | 39,000 | | | | 893.40 | | | | 22.32 | |
April 26, 2008 | | | 5,583,500 | | | | 915.65 | | | | 22.88 | |
ICICI also had an employee stock option scheme for its directors and employees and the directors and employees of its subsidiary companies, the terms of which were substantially similar to the employee stock option scheme of ICICI Bank. The following table sets forth certain information regarding the stock option grants made by ICICI under its employee stock option scheme prior to the amalgamation. ICICI granted all of these stock options at no cost to its employees. ICICI had not granted any stock options to its non-whole time directors.
| | | | | | |
August 3, 1999 | | | 2,323,750 | | | Rs. | 85.55 | | | US$ | 2.14 | |
April 28, 2000 | | | 2,902,500 | | | | 133.40 | | | | 3.33 | |
November 14, 2000 | | | 20,000 | | | | 82.90 | | | | 2.07 | |
May 3, 2001 | | | 3,145,000 | | | | 82.00 | | | | 2.05 | |
August 13, 2001 | | | 60,000 | | | | 52.50 | | | | 1.31 | |
March 27, 2002 | | | 6,473,700 | | | | 60.25 | | | | 1.51 | |
(1) | The exercise price is equal to the market price of ICICI’s equity shares on the date of grant. |
In accordance with the Scheme of Amalgamation, directors and employees of ICICI and its subsidiary companies received stock options in ICICI Bank equal to half the number of their outstanding unexercised stock options in ICICI. The exercise price for these options is equal to twice the exercise price for the ICICI stock options. All other terms and conditions of these options are similar to those applicable to ICICI Bank’s stock options pursuant to its employee stock option scheme.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the options granted by ICICI Bank (including options granted by ICICI adjusted in accordance with the Scheme of Amalgamation) at June 1, 2008.
| | | |
Options granted | | | 50,918,455 | |
Options vested | | | 31,944,924 | |
Options exercised | | | 23,990,047 | |
Options forfeited/lapsed | | | 6,137,206 | |
Extinguishment or modification of options | | [None] | |
Amount realized by exercise of options | | Rs. | 4,585,628,738 | |
Total number of options in force | | | 20,791,202 | |
Among the subsidiaries of ICICI Bank, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company, ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company and ICICI Securities Limited have employee stock option plans for their whole time directors and employees.
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company has an Employee Stock Option Scheme in terms of which up to 3.0% of the paid up capital of the Company may be allocated to employee stock options. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company had 18,546,952 stock options outstanding at June 30, 2008. ICICI Bank and Prudential Plc have approved a scheme of liquidity to be provided to the employee stock option holders to the extent of shares exercised against options vested on or before March 31, 2007, aggregating to a maximum of 2.48 million shares. The shares would be bought at a price determined by an independent external valuation of the shares and would be in line with the grant price for new stock options being granted. The shares would be bought by the joint venture partners from the employee stock option holders in the proportion of their share holding. Since year-end fiscal 2008 through September 12, 2008, ICICI Bank has purchased 1,704,062 shares of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company pursuant to this scheme.
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company has an Employee Stock Option Scheme in terms of which up to 5.0% of the paid up capital of the Company may be allocated to employee stock options. ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company had 16,681,660 employee stock options outstanding at June 30, 2008. ICICI Bank and Fairfax Financials Holdings Limited, Canada have approved a scheme of liquidity to be provided to the employee stock option holders to the extent of shares exercised against options vested on or before March 31, 2007, aggregating to a maximum of 1.12 million shares. The shares would be bought at a price determined by an independent external valuation of the shares and would be in line with the grant price for new stock options being granted. The shares would be bought by the joint venture partners from the employee stock option holders in the proportion of their share holding. Since year-end fiscal 2008 through September 12, 2008, ICICI Bank has purchased 442,950 shares of ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company pursuant to this scheme.
ICICI Securities has an Employee Stock Option Scheme in terms of which up to 10.0% of the issued equity share capital of the Company may be allocated to employee stock options. ICICI Securities had 8,305,000 employee stock options outstanding at June 30, 2008. In June 2008, the company approved a cash-out option for the vested options. The total number of stock options so encashed were 2,076,250.
Loans
ICICI Bank has internal rules for grant of loans to employees and whole time directors to acquire certain assets such as property, vehicles and other consumer durables. ICICI Bank’s loans to employees have been made at interest rates ranging from 2.5% to 3.5% per annum and are repayable over fixed periods of time. The loans are generally secured by the assets acquired by the employees. Pursuant to the Banking Regulation Act, ICICI Bank’s non-whole time directors are not eligible for any loans. At year-end fiscal 2008, there were loans of Rs. 9.0 billion (US$ 225 million), compared to loans of Rs. 6.5 billion (US$ 162 million) at year-end fiscal 2007, outstanding to ICICI Bank employees. This amount included loans of Rs. 14 million (US$ 349,825), compared to Rs. 45 million (US$ 1 million) at year-end fiscal 2007, to certain of its directors and executive officers, made on the same terms, including as to interest rates and collateral, as loans to other employees.
Gratuity
Under Indian law, ICICI Bank is required to pay a gratuity to employees who retire or resign after at least five years of continuous service. ICICI Bank makes contributions to four separate gratuity funds, for employees inducted from ICICI, employees inducted from Bank of Madura, employees inducted from Sangli Bank and employees of ICICI Bank other than employees inducted from ICICI, Bank of Madura and Sangli Bank.
The gratuity funds for employees inducted from ICICI, Bank of Madura and Sangli Bank are separate gratuity funds managed by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. Actuarial valuation of the gratuity liability is determined by an actuary appointed by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. The investments of the funds are made according to rules prescribed by the government of India. The accounts of the funds are audited by independent auditors. The total corpus of these funds at year-end fiscal 2008 based on their unaudited financial statements was Rs. 623 million (US$ 16 million).
The gratuity fund for employees of ICICI Bank other than employees inducted from ICICI, Bank of Madura and Sangli Bank is administered jointly by the Life Insurance Corporation of India and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company. In accordance with the gratuity fund’s rules, actuarial valuation of gratuity liability is calculated based on certain assumptions regarding rate of interest, salary growth, mortality and staff turnover. The total corpus of the funds at year-end fiscal 2008 was Rs. 506 million (US$ 13 million) compared to Rs. 390 million (US$ 10 million) at year-end fiscal 2007.
Superannuation Fund
ICICI Bank contributes 15.0% of the total annual salary of each employee to a superannuation fund for ICICI Bank employees. ICICI Bank’s employees get an option on retirement or resignation to receive one-third of the total balance and a monthly pension based on the remaining two-third balance. In the event of death of an employee, his or her beneficiary receives the remaining accumulated balance of 66.7%. ICICI Bank also gives a cash option to its employees, allowing them to receive the amount contributed by ICICI Bank in their monthly salary during their employment. From fiscal 2006, the superannuation fund is being administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. Employees have the option to retain the existing balance with the Life Insurance Corporation of India or ICICI Prudential Insurance Company Limited. The total corpus of the superannuation fund was Rs. 1,218 million (US$ 30 million) at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 1,047 million (US$ 26 million) at year-end fiscal 2007.
Provident Fund
ICICI Bank is statutorily required to maintain a provident fund as a part of its retirement benefits to its employees. There are separate provident funds for employees inducted from Bank of Madura and Sangli Bank (other than those employees who have opted for pensions), and for other employees of ICICI Bank. These funds are managed by in-house trustees. Each employee contributes 12.0% of his or her basic salary (10.0% for clerks and sub-staff of Bank of Madura) and ICICI Bank contributes an equal amount to the funds. The investments of the funds are made according to rules prescribed by the government of India. The accounts of the funds are audited by independent auditors. The total corpuses of the funds for employees inducted from Bank of Madura, Sangli Bank and other employees of ICICI Bank at year-end fiscal 2008 based on their unaudited financial statements were Rs. 559 million (US$ 14 million), Rs. 895 million (US$ 22 million) and Rs. 4.1 billion (US$ 102 million) respectively. ICICI Bank made aggregate contributions of Rs. 769 million (US$ 19 million) to these funds during fiscal 2008, compared to Rs. 756 million (US$ 19 million) in fiscal 2007.
Pension Fund
Out of the employees inducted from Bank of Madura and employed with ICICI Bank at year-end fiscal 2008, 280 employees had opted for pensions and 620 employees had opted for a provident fund and employees inducted from Sangli Bank and employed with ICICI Bank at year-end fiscal 2008, 1,250 employees had opted for pensions and 407 employees had opted for a provident fund. For employees who opted for a provident fund, ICICI Bank’s contribution of 12.0% of his or her basic salary (10% for clerks and sub-staff) is credited to the provident fund every month. For employees who opted for pensions, ICICI Bank’s contribution of 12.0% of his or her basic salary (10% for clerks and sub-staff) is credited to the pension fund every month. These funds are managed by in-house trustees through ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. The investments of the funds are made according to rules prescribed by the government of India. The accounts of the fund are audited by independent auditors. The employees who opted for pensions are entitled to a monthly pension from the day after their retirement. ICICI Bank also gives a cash option to employees, allowing them to receive the present value of one-third of their monthly pension in total satisfaction. Upon death of an employee, family members are entitled to payment of a family pension pursuant to the rules in this regard. The corpus of the fund at year-end fiscal 2008 was Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million), compared to Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) at year-end fiscal 2007 of Bank of Madura and Rs. 1.7 billion (US$ 42 million) of Sangli Bank at year-end fiscal 2008.
Interest of Management in Certain Transactions
Except as otherwise stated in this annual report, no amount or benefit has been paid or given to any of our directors or executive officers.
The information in this section has been extracted from publicly available documents from various sources, including officially prepared materials from the government of India and its various ministries and the Reserve Bank of India, and has not been prepared or independently verified by us. This is the latest available information to our knowledge at September 22, 2008.
Introduction
Reserve Bank of India, the central banking and monetary authority of India is the central regulatory and supervisory authority for the Indian financial system. A variety of financial intermediaries in the public and private sectors participate in India’s financial sector, including the following:
| · | long-term lending institutions; |
| · | non-bank finance companies, including housing finance companies; |
| · | other specialized financial institutions, and state-level financial institutions; |
| · | insurance companies; and |
Until the early 1990s, the Indian financial system was strictly controlled. Interest rates were administered, formal and informal parameters governed asset allocation, and strict controls limited entry into and expansion within the financial sector. The government of India’s economic reform program, which began in 1991, encompassed the financial sector. The first phase of the reform process began with the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee on the Financial System, the Narasimham Committee I. The second phase of the reform process began in 1999. See “Banking Sector Reform—Committee on Banking Sector Reform (Narasimham Committee II)”.
This discussion presents an overview of the role and activities of the Reserve Bank of India and of each of the major participants in the Indian financial system, with a focus on the commercial banks. This is followed by a brief summary of the banking reform process along with the recommendations of various committees that have played a key role in the reform process. A brief discussion on the impact of the liberalization process on long-term lending institutions and commercial banks is then presented. Finally, reforms in the non-banking financial sector are briefly reviewed.
Reserve Bank of India
The Reserve Bank of India, established in 1935, is the central banking and monetary authority in India. The Reserve Bank of India manages the country’s money supply and foreign exchange and also serves as a bank for the government of India and for the country’s commercial banks. In addition to these traditional central banking roles, the Reserve Bank of India undertakes certain developmental and promotional roles.
The Reserve Bank of India issues guidelines on exposure limits, income recognition, asset classification, provisioning for non-performing and restructured assets, investment valuation and capital adequacy for commercial banks, long-term lending institutions and non-bank finance companies. The Reserve Bank of India requires these institutions to furnish information relating to their businesses to it on a regular basis. For further discussion regarding the Reserve Bank of India’s role as the regulatory and supervisory authority of India’s financial system and its impact on ICICI Bank, see “Supervision and Regulation”.
Commercial Banks
Commercial banks in India have traditionally focused only on meeting the short-term financial needs of industry, trade and agriculture. At March 31, 2008, there were 169 scheduled commercial banks in the country, with a network of 74,326 branches serving approximately Rs. 32.29 trillion (US$ 806.8 billion) in deposit accounts. Scheduled commercial banks are banks that are listed in the schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, and are further categorized as public sector banks, private sector banks and foreign banks. Scheduled commercial banks have a presence throughout India, with approximately 64.5% of bank branches located in rural or semi-urban areas of the country. A large number of these branches belong to the public sector banks.
Public Sector Banks
Public sector banks make up the largest category in the Indian banking system. They include the State Bank of India and its seven associate banks, 19 nationalized banks and 95 regional rural banks. Excluding the regional rural banks, the remaining public sector banks have 51,757 branches, and accounted for 71.1% of the outstanding gross bank credit and 71.0% of the aggregate deposits of the scheduled commercial banks at March 31, 2008. The public sector banks’ large network of branches enables them to fund themselves out of low cost deposits.
State Bank of India is the largest bank in India in terms of total assets. At March 31, 2008, State Bank of India and its seven associate banks had 14,701 branches. They accounted for 22.6% of aggregate deposits and 22.8% of outstanding gross bank credit of all scheduled commercial banks.
Regional rural banks were established from 1976 to 1987 by the central government, state governments and sponsoring commercial banks jointly with a view to develop the rural economy. Regional rural banks provide credit to small farmers, artisans, small entrepreneurs and agricultural laborers. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is responsible for regulating and supervising the functions of the regional rural banks. In 1986 the Kelkar Committee made comprehensive recommendations covering both the organizational and operational aspects of regional rural banks, several of which were incorporated as amendments to the Regional Rural Banking Act, 1976. As part of comprehensive restructuring program, recapitalization of the regional rural banks was initiated in fiscal 1995, a process which continued until fiscal 2000 and covered 187 regional rural banks with aggregate financial support of Rs. 21.9 billion (US$ 547 million) from the stakeholders. Simultaneously, prudential norms on income recognition, asset classification and provisioning for loan losses following customary banking benchmarks were introduced.
Currently, there are 95 regional rural banks and at March 31, 2008 regional rural banks had 14,558 branches, accounted for 3.0% of aggregate deposits and 2.4% of gross bank credit outstanding of scheduled commercial banks.
Private Sector Banks
After the first phase of bank nationalization was completed in 1969, public sector banks made up the largest portion of Indian banking. The focus on public sector banks was maintained throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In addition, existing private sector banks that showed signs of an eventual default were merged with state-owned banks. In July 1993, as part of the banking reform process and as a measure to induce competition in the banking sector, the Reserve Bank of India permitted entry of the private sector into the banking system. This resulted in the introduction of private sector banks, including ICICI Bank. These banks are collectively known as the “new” private sector banks. At year-end fiscal 2008, there were eight “new” private sector banks. In addition, 18 old private sector banks existing prior to July 1993 were operating at year-end fiscal 2008. The Sangli Bank Limited, an unlisted “old” private sector bank merged with ICICI Bank effective April 19, 2007. Subsequent to year-end fiscal 2008, the Centurion Bank of Punjab merged with HDFC Bank.
At March 31, 2008, private sector banks accounted for approximately 20.3% of aggregate deposits and 19.7% of gross bank credit outstanding of the scheduled commercial banks. Their network of 7,751 branches accounted for 10.4% of the total branch network of scheduled commercial banks in the country.
Foreign Banks
Currently, there are 29 foreign banks and at March 31, 2008, foreign banks had 260 branches operating in India. Foreign banks accounted for 5.6% of aggregate deposits and 6.8% of outstanding gross bank credit of scheduled commercial banks at March 31, 2008. As part of the liberalization process, the Reserve Bank of India has permitted foreign banks to operate more freely, subject to requirements largely similar to those imposed on domestic banks. The primary activity of most foreign banks in India has been in the corporate segment. However, some of the larger foreign banks have made consumer financing a larger part of their portfolios. These banks offer products such as automobile finance, home loans, credit cards and household consumer finance. Foreign banks operate in India through branches of the parent bank. Certain foreign banks also have wholly-owned non-bank finance company subsidiaries or joint ventures for both corporate and retail lending. In a circular dated July 6, 2004, the Reserve Bank of India stipulated that banks should not acquire any fresh stake in a bank’s equity shares, if by such acquisition, the investing bank’s
holding exceeded 5.0% of the investee bank’s equity capital. This also applies to holdings of foreign banks with a presence in India, in Indian banks.
The Reserve Bank of India issued a notification on “Roadmap for presence of foreign banks in India” on February 28, 2005, announcing the following measures with respect to the presence of foreign banks:
| · | During the first phase (up to March 2009), foreign banks will be allowed to establish a presence by setting up wholly-owned subsidiaries or by converting existing branches into wholly-owned subsidiaries. |
| · | In addition, during the first phase, foreign banks would be allowed to acquire a controlling stake in a phased manner only in private sector banks that are identified by the Reserve Bank of India for restructuring. |
| · | For new and existing foreign banks, it has been proposed to go beyond the existing World Trade Organization commitment of allowing increases of 12 branches per year. A more liberal policy will be followed for under-banked areas. |
| · | During the second phase (from April 2009 onwards), after a review of the first phase, foreign banks would be allowed to acquire up to 74.0% in private sector banks in India. |
Cooperative Banks
Cooperative banks cater to the financing needs of agriculture, small industry and self-employed businessmen in urban and semi-urban areas of India. The state land development banks and the primary land development banks provide long-term credit for agriculture. In the light of liquidity and insolvency problems experienced by some cooperative banks in fiscal 2001, the Reserve Bank of India undertook several interim measures, pending formal legislative changes, including measures related to lending against shares, borrowings in the call market and term deposits placed with other urban cooperative banks. Presently the Reserve Bank of India is responsible for supervision and regulation of urban cooperative banks, and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development for state cooperative banks and district central cooperative banks. The Banking Regulation (Amendment) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 2004 provides for the regulation of all cooperative banks by the Reserve Bank of India. See also “— Recent Structural Reforms — Proposed Amendments to the Banking Regulation Act”. A task force appointed by the government of India to examine the reforms required in the cooperative banking system submitted its report in December 2004. It recommended several structural, regulatory and operational reforms for cooperative banks, including the provision of financial assistance by the government for revitalizing this sector. In the Union Budget for fiscal 2006, the Finance Minister accepted the recommendations of the Task Force in principle and proposed to call state governments for consultation and begin to implement the recommendations in the states willing to do so. During fiscal 2006 the Reserve Bank of India outlined a Medium-Term Framework for urban cooperative banks. Subsequently a Task Force for urban co-operative banks has been set up in select states for identification of and drawing up of a time bound action plan for revival of potentially viable urban co-operative banks and for non-disruptive exit for non-viable urban co-operative banks.
Long-Term Lending Institutions
The long-term lending institutions were established to provide medium-term and long-term financial assistance to various industries for setting up new projects and for the expansion and modernization of existing facilities. These institutions provided fund-based and non-fund-based assistance to industry in the form of loans, underwriting, and direct subscription to shares, debentures and guarantees. The primary long-term lending institutions included Industrial Development Bank of India (now a bank), IFCI Limited, and Industrial Investment Bank of India as well as ICICI prior to the amalgamation.
The long-term lending institutions were expected to play a critical role in Indian industrial growth and, accordingly, had access to concessional government funding. However, in recent years, the operating environment of the long-term lending institutions has changed substantially. Although the initial role of these institutions was largely limited to providing a channel for government funding to industry, the reform process required them to expand the scope of their business activities, including into:
| · | fee-based activities like investment banking and advisory services; and |
| · | short-term lending activity including making corporate finance and working capital loans. |
Pursuant to the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee II and the Khan Working Group, a working group created in 1999 to harmonize the role and operations of long-term lending institutions and banks, the Reserve Bank of India, in its mid-term review of monetary and credit policy for fiscal 2000, announced that long-term lending institutions would have the option of transforming themselves into banks subject to compliance with the prudential norms as applicable to banks. In April 2001, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on several operational and regulatory issues which were required to be addressed in evolving the path for transition of a long-term lending institution into a universal bank. In April 2002, ICICI merged with ICICI Bank. The Industrial Development Bank (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2003 converted the Industrial Development Bank of India into a banking company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on September 27, 2004, with exemptions from certain statutory and regulatory norms applicable to banks, including an exemption for a certain period from the statutory liquidity ratio. IDBI Bank Limited, a new private sector bank that was a subsidiary of the Industrial Development Bank of India, was merged with the Industrial Development Bank of India in April 2005.
Non-Bank Finance Companies
There are about 13,000 non-bank finance companies in India, mostly in the private sector. All non-bank finance companies are required to register with the Reserve Bank of India. The non-bank finance companies may be categorized into entities which take public deposits and those which do not. The companies which take public deposits are subject to strict supervision and capital adequacy requirements of the Reserve Bank of India. ICICI Securities Limited, ICICI Bank’s subsidiary, is a non-bank finance company, which does not accept public deposits. The primary activities of the non-bank finance companies are consumer credit, including automobile finance, home finance and consumer durable products finance, wholesale finance products such as bill discounting for small and medium-sized companies, and fee-based services such as investment banking and underwriting. In 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance Limited, a large non-bank finance company was granted a banking license by the Reserve Bank of India and converted itself into Kotak Mahindra Bank.
Over the past few years, certain non-bank finance companies have defaulted to investors and depositors, and consequently actions (including bankruptcy proceedings) have been initiated against them, many of which are currently pending. See also “— Recent Structural Reforms—Reforms of the Non-Bank Finance Companies”.
Housing Finance Companies
Housing finance companies form a distinct sub-group of the non-bank finance companies. As a result of the various incentives given by the government for investing in the housing sector in recent years, the scope of this business has grown substantially. Until recently, Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited was the premier institution providing housing finance in India. In recent years, several other players including banks have entered the housing finance industry. ICICI Bank is a major housing finance provider and also has a housing finance subsidiary, ICICI Home Finance Company Limited. The National Housing Bank and the Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited are the two government-controlled financial institutions created to improve the availability of housing finance in India. The National Housing Bank Act provides for securitization of housing loans, foreclosure of mortgages and setting up of the Mortgage Credit Guarantee Scheme.
Other Financial Institutions
Specialized Financial Institutions
In addition to the long-term lending institutions, there are various specialized financial institutions which cater to the specific needs of different sectors. They include the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, Export Import Bank of India, Small Industries Development Bank of India, Risk Capital and Technology Finance Corporation Limited, Tourism Finance Corporation of India Limited, National Housing Bank, Power Finance
Corporation Limited, Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation Limited and India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited.
State Level Financial Institutions
State financial corporations operate at the state level and form an integral part of the institutional financing system. State financial corporations were set up to finance and promote small and medium-sized enterprises. The state financial institutions are expected to achieve balanced regional socio-economic growth by generating employment opportunities and widening the ownership base of industry. At the state level, there are also state industrial development corporations, which provide finance primarily to medium-sized and large-sized enterprises.
Insurance Companies
Currently, there are 40 insurance companies in India, of which 19 are life insurance companies, 20 are general insurance companies and one is a re-insurance company. Of the 19 life insurance companies, 18 are in the private sector and one is in the public sector. Among the general insurance companies, 14 are in the private sector and six (including the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Limited and the Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited) are in the public sector. The re-insurance company, General Insurance Corporation of India, is in the public sector. Life Insurance Corporation of India, General Insurance Corporation of India and public sector general insurance companies also provide long-term financial assistance to the industrial sector.
The insurance sector in India is regulated by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority. In December 1999, the Indian parliament passed the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 which also amended the Insurance Act, 1938. This opened up the Indian insurance sector for foreign and private investors. The Insurance Act allows foreign equity participation in new insurance companies of up to 26.0%. A new company should have a minimum paid up equity capital of Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) to carry on the business of life insurance or general insurance or Rs. 2.0 billion (US$ 50 million) to carry on exclusively the business of reinsurance.
In the monetary and credit policy for fiscal 2001, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines governing the entry of banks and financial institutions into the insurance business. The guidelines permit banks and financial institutions to enter the business of insurance underwriting through joint ventures provided they meet stipulated criteria relating to their net worth, capital adequacy ratio, profitability track record, level of non-performing loans and the performance of their existing subsidiary companies. The promoters of insurance companies have to divest in a phased manner their shareholding in excess of 26.0% (or such other percentage as may be prescribed), after a period of 10 years from the date of commencement of business or within such period as may be prescribed by the Indian government. The Indian government, while presenting its budget for fiscal 2005, proposed an increase in the limit on foreign equity participation in private sector insurance companies from 26.0% to 49.0%. However, this requires an amendment to the insurance laws and the foreign investment policy has not been implemented as yet.
In fiscal 2008, first year weighted individual premium underwritten by the life insurance sector increased by 30.7% to Rs. 526.6 billion (US$ 13.2 billion) compared to Rs. 402.8 billion (US$ 10.1 billion) in fiscal 2007. The share of the private sector increased from 35.5% in fiscal 2007 to 50.5% in fiscal 2008. Gross premium underwritten in the general insurance sector increased by 12.6% to Rs. 281.3 billion (US$ 7.0 billion) in fiscal 2008 as against Rs. 249.8 billion (US$ 6.2 billion) in fiscal 2007. The share of private sector increased from 34.9% in fiscal 2007 to 39.9% in fiscal 2008. Gross premiums underwritten by general insurance companies moderated in fiscal 2008 owing to de-tariffing of the general insurance sector. Until January 1, 2007, almost 70.0% of the general insurance market was subject to price controls under a tariffing regime. With the commencement of a tariff free regime effective January 1, 2007, the resultant competitive pricing has led to a significant decrease in premium rates across the industry leading to moderate premium growth during fiscal 2008 despite a significant increase in underwriting volume in the same period. We have joint ventures in each of the life insurance and the general insurance sectors. Our life insurance joint venture, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, and general insurance joint venture, ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited, are both major players in their respective segments.
Mutual Funds
At the end of July 2008, there were 35 mutual funds in India with average assets under management for July 2008 of Rs. 5,296.3 billion (US$ 132.3 billion). Total assets under management of all mutual funds increased by 65.0% from Rs. 3,263.9 billion (US$ 81.6 billion) at year-end fiscal 2007 to Rs. 5,385.1 billion (US$ 134.6 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008. From 1963 to 1987, Unit Trust of India was the only mutual fund operating in the country. It was set up in 1963 at the initiative of the government and the Reserve Bank of India. From 1987 onwards, several other public sector mutual funds entered this sector. These mutual funds were established by public sector banks, the Life Insurance Corporation of India and General Insurance Corporation of India. The mutual funds industry was opened up to the private sector in 1993. The industry is regulated by the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulation, 1996. At the end of July 2008, there were 29 private sector mutual funds with an 81.6% market share in terms of average assets under management for July 2008. The Bank’s asset management joint venture, ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited had total assets under management of Rs. 551.1 billion (US$ 13.8 billion) at year-end fiscal 2008.
In 2001, Unit Trust of India, with a high level of investment in equity securities, started to face difficulties in meeting redemption and assured return obligations due to a significant decline in the market value of its securities portfolio. In response, the government of India implemented a package of reform measures for Unit Trust of India, including guaranteeing redemption and assured return obligations to the unit holders, subject to restrictions on the maximum permissible redemption amount. As part of the reforms, Unit Trust of India was divided into two mutual funds structured in accordance with reform to the law under which UTI was constituted and also in accordance with the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India, one comprising assured return schemes and the other comprising net asset value based schemes.
Impact of Liberalization on the Indian Financial Sector
Until 1991, the financial sector in India was heavily controlled and commercial banks and long-term lending institutions, the two dominant financial intermediaries, had mutually exclusive roles and objectives and operated in a largely stable environment, with little or no competition. Long-term lending institutions were focused on the achievement of the Indian government’s various socio-economic objectives, including balanced industrial growth and employment creation, especially in areas requiring development. Long-term lending institutions were extended access to long-term funds at subsidized rates through loans and equity from the government of India and from funds guaranteed by the government of India originating from commercial banks in India and foreign currency resources originating from multilateral and bilateral agencies.
The focus of the commercial banks was primarily to mobilize household savings through demand and time deposits and to use these deposits to meet the short-term financial needs of borrowers in industry, trade and agriculture. In addition, the commercial banks provided a range of banking services to individuals and business entities.
However, since 1991, there have been comprehensive changes in the Indian financial system. Various financial sector reforms, implemented since 1991, have transformed the operating environment of the banks and long-term lending institutions. In particular, the deregulation of interest rates, emergence of a liberalized domestic capital market, and entry of new private sector banks, along with the broadening of long-term lending institutions’ product portfolios, have progressively intensified the competition between banks and long-term lending institutions. The Reserve Bank of India has permitted the transformation of long-term lending institutions into banks subject to compliance with the prudential norms applicable to banks.
Banking Sector Reform
Most large banks in India were nationalized in 1969 and thereafter were subject to a high degree of control until reform began in 1991. In addition to controlling interest rates and entry into the banking sector, these regulations also channeled lending into priority sectors. Banks were required to fund the public sector through the mandatory acquisition of low interest-bearing government securities or statutory liquidity ratio bonds to fulfill statutory liquidity requirements. As a result, bank profitability was low, impaired assets were comparatively high, capital adequacy was diminished, and operational flexibility was hindered.
Committee on the Financial System (Narasimham Committee I)
The Committee on the Financial System (The Narasimham Committee I) was set up in August 1991 to recommend measures for reforming the financial sector. Many of the recommendations made by the committee, which addressed organizational issues, accounting practices and operating procedures, were implemented by the government of India. The major recommendations that were implemented included the following:
| · | with fiscal stabilization and the government increasingly resorting to market borrowing to raise resources, the statutory liquidity ratio or the proportion of the banks’ net demand and time liabilities that were required to be invested in government securities was reduced from 38.5% in the pre-reform period to 25.0% in October 1997; |
| · | similarly, the cash reserve ratio or the proportion of the bank’s net demand and time liabilities that were required to be deposited with the Reserve Bank of India was reduced from 15.0% in the pre-reform period to low of 4.5%. Cash Reserve Ratio has since been increased to 8.75% and effective August 30, 2008 will be 9.0%. |
| · | special tribunals were created to resolve bad debt problems; |
| · | most of the restrictions on interest rates for deposits were removed. Commercial banks were allowed to set their own level of interest rates for all deposits except savings bank deposits; and |
| · | substantial capital infusion to several state-owned banks was approved in order to bring their capital adequacy closer to internationally accepted standards. By the end of fiscal 2002, aggregate recapitalization amounted to Rs. 217.5 billion (US$ 5.4 billion). The stronger public sector banks were given permission to issue equity to further increase capital. |
Committee on Banking Sector Reform (Narasimham Committee II)
The second Committee on Banking Sector Reform (Narasimham Committee II) submitted its report in April 1998. The major recommendations of the committee were in respect of capital adequacy requirements, asset classification and provisioning, risk management and merger policies. The Reserve Bank of India accepted and began implementing many of these recommendations in October 1998.
Recent Structural Reforms
Amendments to the Banking Regulation Act
The Indian Parliament has approved amendments to the Banking Regulation Act removing the statutory minimum liquidity ratio requirement and giving the Reserve Bank of India the ability to set the statutory minimum liquidity ratio without any floor.
Amendments to the Reserve Bank of India Act
The Indian Parliament has approved amendments to the Reserve Bank of India Act removing the minimum cash reserve ratio requirement of 3.0%, giving the Reserve Bank of India discretion to reduce the cash reserve ratio to less than 3.0%. Further, the amendments also created a legal and regulatory framework for derivative instruments.
Recent Amendments to Laws Governing Public Sector Banks
The Indian Parliament recently amended the laws governing India’s public sector banks permitting such banks to issue preference shares and make preferential allotments or private placements of equity. The amendments also empower the Reserve Bank of India to prescribe ‘fit and proper’ criteria for directors of such banks, and permit supercession of their boards and appointment of administrators in certain circumstances.
Proposed Amendments to the Banking Regulation Act
Legislation seeking to amend the Banking Regulation Act has been introduced in the Indian Parliament. As presently drafted, the main amendments propose to:
· | permit all banking companies to issue preference shares that will not carry any voting rights; |
· | make prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India mandatory for the acquisition of more than 5.0% of a banking company’s paid up capital or voting rights by any individual or firm or group; |
· | remove the 10.0% limit on the maximum voting power exercisable by a shareholder in a banking company. |
Legislative Framework for Recovery of Debts due to Banks
In fiscal 2003, the Indian Parliament passed the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002. This Act provides that a secured creditor may, in respect of loans classified as non-performing in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India guidelines, give notice in writing to the borrower requiring it to discharge its liabilities within 60 days, failing which the secured creditor may take possession of the assets constituting the security for the loan, and exercise management rights in relation thereto, including the right to sell or otherwise dispose of the assets. This Act also provides for the setting up of asset reconstruction companies regulated by the Reserve Bank of India to acquire assets from banks and financial institutions. The Reserve Bank of India has issued guidelines for asset reconstruction companies in respect of their establishment, registration and licensing by the Reserve Bank of India, and operations. Asset Reconstruction Company (India) Limited, set up by ICICI Bank, Industrial Development Bank of India, State Bank of India and certain other banks and institutions, has received registration from the Reserve Bank of India and commenced operation in August 2003. Foreign direct investment is now permitted in the equity capital of asset reconstruction companies and investment by Foreign Institutional Investors registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India is permitted in security receipts issued by asset reconstruction companies, subject to certain conditions and restrictions.
Several petitions challenging the constitutional validity of the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 were filed before the Indian Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, in April 2004, upheld the constitutionality of the Act, other than the requirement originally included in the Act that the borrower deposit 75.0% of the dues with the debt recovery tribunal as a pre-condition for appeal by the borrower against the enforcement measures. In November 2004, the government of India issued an ordinance amending the Securitization Act. The Indian Parliament has subsequently passed this ordinance as an Act. This Act, as amended, now provides that a borrower may make an objection or representation to a secured creditor after a notice is issued by the secured creditor to the borrower under the Act demanding payment of dues. The secured creditor has to give reasons to the borrower for not accepting the objection or representation. The Act also introduces a deposit requirement for borrowers if they wish to appeal the decision of the debt recovery tribunal. Further, the Act permits a lender to take over the business of a borrower under the Securitization Act under certain circumstances (unlike the earlier provisions under which only assets could be taken over). See “Supervision and Regulation—Reserve Bank of India Regulations—Regulations relating to Sale of Assets to Asset Reconstruction Companies.”
Earlier, following the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee, the Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 was enacted. This legislation provides for the establishment of a tribunal for speedy resolution of litigation and recovery of debts owed to banks or financial institutions. The Act creates tribunals before which the banks or the financial institutions can file a suit for recovery of the amounts due to them. However, if a scheme of reconstruction is pending before the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction, under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provision) Act, 1985, no proceeding for recovery can be initiated or continued before the tribunals. This protection from creditor action ceases if the secured creditor takes action under Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act. While presenting its budget for fiscal 2002, the government of India announced measures for the setting up of more debt recovery tribunals and the
eventual repeal of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provision) Act, 1985. To date, however, this Act has not been repealed.
Corporate Debt Restructuring Forum
To put in place an institutional mechanism for the restructuring of corporate debt, the Reserve Bank of India has devised a corporate debt restructuring system. The objective of this framework is to ensure a timely and transparent mechanism for the restructuring of corporate debts of viable entities facing problems, outside the purview of the Board of Industrial and Financial Rehabilitation, debt recovery tribunals and other legal proceedings. In particular, this framework aims to preserve viable corporates that are affected by certain internal and external factors and minimize the losses to the creditors and other stakeholders through an orderly and coordinated restructuring program. The corporate debt restructuring system is a non-statutory mechanism and a voluntary system based on debtor-creditor and inter-creditor agreements.
Pension Reforms
Currently, there are three categories of pension schemes in India: pension schemes for government employees, pension schemes for employees in the organized sector and voluntary pension schemes. In case of pension schemes for government employees, the government pays its employees a defined periodic benefit upon their retirement. Further, the contribution towards the pension scheme is funded solely by the government and not matched by a contribution from the employees. The Employees Provident Fund, established in 1952, is a mandatory program for employees of certain establishments. It is a contributory program that provides for periodic contributions of 10.0% to 12.0% of the basic salary by both the employer and the employees. The contribution is invested in prescribed securities and the accumulated balance in the fund (including the accretion thereto) is paid to the employee as a lump sum on retirement. Besides these, there are voluntary pension schemes administered by the government (the Public Provident Fund to which contribution may be made up to a maximum of Rs. 70,000 (US$ 1,749) or offered by insurance companies, where the contribution may be made on a voluntary basis. Such voluntary contributions are often driven by tax benefits offered under the scheme.
In 1998, the government commissioned the Old Age Social and Income Security (OASIS) project and nominated an expert committee to suggest changes to the existing policy framework. The committee submitted its report in January 2000, recommending a system for private sector management of pension funds to provide market-linked returns. It also recommended the establishment of a separate pension regulatory authority to regulate the pensions system. Subsequently, in the budget for fiscal 2001, the government announced that a high level committee would be formulated to design a contribution-based pension scheme for new government recruits. The government also requested the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority to draw up a roadmap for implementing the Old Age Social and Income Security Report (OASIS). The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority submitted its report in October 2001. The report suggested that pension fund managers should constitute a separate legal entity to conduct their pension business. In August 2003, the government announced that it would be mandatory for its new employees (excluding defense personnel) to join a new defined contribution pension scheme where both the government and the employee would make monthly contributions of 10.0% of the employee’s salary. The government also announced that a Pension Fund Development and Regulatory Authority would be set up to regulate the pension industry. The government constituted the interim Pension Fund Development and Regulatory Authority on October 11, 2003. In December 2003, the government announced that the new pension scheme would be applicable to all new recruits to Indian government service (excluding defense personnel) from January 1, 2004. Further, on December 30, 2004, the government promulgated an ordinance establishing the statutory regulatory body, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) to undertake promotional, developmental and regulatory functions with respect to the pension sector. In March 2005, the government tabled the Pension Fund and Development Authority Bill in Parliament. The union budget for fiscal 2006 recognized the opportunities for foreign direct investment in the pension sector and it has also announced that the government would issue guidelines for such investment. In August 2008, the Employee Provident Fund Organization opened the management of its corpus to the private sector and appointed three private sector asset management companies as fund managers.
Credit Policy Measures
The Reserve Bank of India issues an annual policy statement setting out its monetary policy stance and announcing various regulatory measures. It issues a review of the annual policy statement on a quarterly basis.
Annual Policy Statement for Fiscal 2009
In its annual policy statement for fiscal 2009 announced in April 2008, the Reserve Bank of India:
| · | Increased the cash reserve ratio by 25 basis points to 8.25% effective May 24, 2008. |
| · | Enhanced the limit of bank loans for housing for applicability of reduced risk weights at 50.0% from Rs. 2 million to Rs. 3 million (US$ 49,975 to US$ 74,963). |
| · | Proposed to introduce Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (STRIPS) in government securities by the end of fiscal 2009 letting investors hold and trade the individual interest and principal components of eligible government notes and bonds as separate securities. |
· | Proposed that the shortfall in lending to weaker sections by the domestic scheduled commercial banks would be taken into account for the purpose of allocating amounts for contribution to Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) or funds with other financial institutions as specified by the Reserve Bank of India from April 2009. |
During June and July 2008, the Reserve Bank of India increased the repo rate by 75 basis points to 8.50% and the cash reserve ratio by 50 basis points to 8.75%.
First Quarter Review of Annual Policy Statement for Fiscal 2009
In its first quarter review of the annual policy statement announced on July 29, 2008, the Reserve Bank of India raised the cash reserve ratio by 25 basis points to 9.0% effective August 30, 2008 and increased the repo rate by 50 basis points to 9.0% effective July 29, 2008.
Reforms of the Non-Bank Finance Companies
Standards relating to income recognition, provisioning and capital adequacy were prescribed for non-bank finance companies in June 1994. Registered non-bank finance companies were required to achieve a minimum capital adequacy of 6.0% by year-end fiscal 1995 and 8.0% by year-end fiscal 1996 and to obtain a minimum credit rating. To encourage the companies complying with the regulatory framework, the Reserve Bank of India announced in July 1996 certain liberalization measures under which the non-bank finance companies registered with it and complying with the prudential norms and credit rating requirements were granted freedom from the ceiling on interest rates on deposits and amount of deposits. Other measures introduced include requiring non-bank finance companies to maintain a certain percentage of liquid assets and to create a reserve fund. The percentage of liquid assets to be maintained by non-bank finance companies has been revised uniformly upwards and, since April 1999, 15.0% of public deposits must be maintained. From January 1, 2000 the requirement should not be less than 10.0% in approved securities and the remaining in unencumbered term deposits in any scheduled commercial bank, the aggregate of which shall not be less than 15.0% of the public deposits outstanding at the close of business on the last working day of the second preceding quarter. The maximum rate of interest that non-bank finance companies could pay on their public deposits was reduced from 12.5% per annum to 11.0% per annum effective March 4, 2003.
Efforts have also been made to integrate non-bank finance companies into the mainstream financial sector. The first phase of this integration covered measures relating to registrations and standards. The focus of supervision has now shifted to non-bank finance companies accepting public deposits. This is because companies accepting public deposits are required to comply with all the directions relating to public deposits, prudential norms and liquid assets. A task force on non-bank finance companies set up by the government of India submitted its report in October 1998, and recommended several steps to rationalize the regulation of non-bank finance companies. Accepting these
recommendations, the Reserve Bank of India issued new guidelines for non-bank finance companies, which were as follows:
| · | a minimum net owned fund of Rs. 2.5 million (US$ 62,469) is mandatory before existing non-bank finance companies may accept public deposits; |
| · | a minimum investment grade rating is compulsory for loan and investment companies accepting public deposits, even if they have the minimum net owned funds; |
| · | permission to accept public deposits was also linked to the level of capital to risk assets ratio. Different capital to risk assets ratio levels for non-bank finance companies with different ratings were specified; and |
| · | non-bank finance companies were advised to restrict their investments in real estate to 10.0% of their net owned funds. |
In the monetary and credit policy for fiscal 2000, the Reserve Bank of India stipulated a minimum capital base of Rs. 20 million (US$ 499,750) for all new non-bank finance companies. In the government of India’s budget for fiscal 2002, the procedures for foreign direct investment in non-bank finance companies were substantially liberalized.
During fiscal 2003, the Reserve Bank of India introduced a number of measures to enhance the regulatory and supervisory standards of non-bank finance companies, especially in order to bring them at par with commercial banks, in select operations, over a period of time. Other regulatory measures adopted and subsequently revised in November 2004 included aligning interest rates in this sector with the rates prevalent in the rest of the economy, tightening prudential norms and harmonizing supervisory directions with the requirements of the Companies Act, procedural changes in nomination facilities, issuance of a Know Your Customer policy and allowing non-bank finance companies to take up insurance agency business.
In 2005, the Reserve Bank of India introduced stricter regulatory measures for non-bank finance companies, including stringent reporting requirements and revised Know Your Customer guidelines.
On December 12, 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on the financial regulation of systemically important non-banking financial companies and banks' relationships with them with a view to remove the possibility of regulatory arbitrage leading to an uneven playing field and potential systemic risk. Within non-deposit taking non-banking financial companies, the guidelines classify those with an asset size above Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) as per the last audited balance sheet as systemically important. These non-banking financial companies are required to maintain a minimum capital to risk weighted assets ratio (CRAR) of 10.0%, in addition to conforming to single and group exposure norms. The guidelines restrict banks’ holdings in a deposit taking non-banking financial company, excluding housing finance companies, to 10.0% of the paid up equity capital of the non-banking financial company. The total exposure to a single non-banking financial company has been limited to 10.0% of the bank’s capital funds (15.0% in the case of an asset finance company). The limit may be increased to 15.0% and 20.0%, respectively, provided that the excess exposure is on account of funds lent by the non-banking financial company to the infrastructure sector. In June 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued draft guidelines covering non-deposit taking non-banking financial companies. Non-deposit taking non-banking financial companies with asset size of Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) and above will have to maintain capital to risk weighted assets ratio (CRAR) of 12.0% against the current minimum of 10.0%. The capital adequacy ratio will be increased to 15.0% from April 2009.
As per existing instructions of the Reserve Bank of India, non-banking finance companies in India having assets of Rs. 500 million (US$ 13 million) and above as per their last audited results are required to constitute an audit committee, consisting of no less than three members of its board of directors. In May 2007, the Reserve Bank of India announced that non-banking finance companies with deposit base of Rs. 200 million (US$ 5 million) and above may also consider constituting an audit committee on similar lines. Further, the Reserve Bank of India has also instructed non-banking finance companies with public deposits of Rs. 200 million (US$ 5 million) and above or having an asset size of Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) or above to form a nomination committee to ensure 'fit and proper' status of proposed/existing directors for such companies. The Reserve Bank of India also instructed such non-banking finance companies to form a risk management committee to manage integrated risk. Additionally, the
Reserve Bank of India also prohibited such non-banking finance companies from extending loans, advances or non-fund based facilities or any other financial accommodation/ facilities to their directors and/ or certain other connected persons.
The main legislation governing commercial banks in India is the Banking Regulation Act. Other important laws include the Reserve Bank of India Act, the Negotiable Instruments Act and the Banker’s Books Evidence Act. Additionally, the Reserve Bank of India, from time to time, issues guidelines to be followed by banks. Compliance with all regulatory requirements is evaluated with respect to financial statements under Indian GAAP. Banking companies in India are also subject to the purview of the Companies Act and if such companies are listed on a stock exchange in India then various regulations of the Securities Exchange Board of India would additionally apply to such companies.
Reserve Bank of India Regulations
Commercial banks in India are required under the Banking Regulation Act to obtain a license from the Reserve Bank of India to carry on banking business in India. Before granting the license, the Reserve Bank of India must be satisfied that certain conditions are complied with, including (i) that the bank has the ability to pay its present and future depositors in full as their claims accrue; (ii) that the affairs of the bank will not be or are not likely to be conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests of present or future depositors; (iii) that the bank has adequate capital and earnings prospects; and (iv) that the public interest will be served if such license is granted to the bank. The Reserve Bank of India can cancel the license if the bank fails to meet the above conditions or if the bank ceases to carry on banking operations in India.
ICICI Bank, being licensed as a banking company is regulated and supervised by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank of India requires ICICI Bank to furnish statements and information relating to its business. It has issued guidelines for commercial banks on recognition of income, classification of assets, valuation of investments, maintenance of capital adequacy and provisioning for non-performing assets. The Reserve Bank of India has set up a Board for Financial Supervision, under the chairmanship of the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. The appointment of the auditors of banks is subject to the approval of the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank of India can direct a special audit in the interest of the depositors or in the public interest.
Regulations relating to the Opening of Branches
Section 23 of the Banking Regulation Act provides that banks must obtain the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India to open new branches. Permission is granted based on factors such as the financial condition and history of the banking company, its management, adequacy of capital structure and earning prospects and the public interest. The Reserve Bank of India may cancel the license for violations of the conditions under which it was granted. Under the banking license granted to ICICI Bank by the Reserve Bank of India, ICICI Bank is required to have at least 25.0% of its branches located in rural and semi-urban areas. A rural area is defined as a center with a population of less than 10,000. A semi-urban area is defined as a center with a population of greater than 10,000 but less than 100,000. These population figures relate to the 2001 census conducted by the government of India. In September 2005, the Reserve Bank of India issued a new branch authorization policy in terms of which the system of granting authorizations for opening individual branches from time to time was replaced by a system of aggregated approvals on an annual basis. The Reserve Bank of India discusses with individual banks their branch expansion strategies and plans over the medium term. The term “branch” for this purpose would include a full-fledged branch, an extension counter, off-site ATMs, administrative offices, and back offices. While processing authorization requests, the Reserve Bank of India gives importance to the nature and scope of banking services particularly in under-banked areas, credit flow to the priority sector and efforts to promote financial inclusion, the need to induce enhanced competition in the banking sector, the bank’s regulatory compliance, quality of governance, risk management and relationships with subsidiaries and affiliates.
Capital Adequacy Requirements
We are required to comply with the capital adequacy guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India. In April 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for the implementation of a capital adequacy framework based on the revised framework approved by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or Basel II. These guidelines became applicable to banks that have an international presence, like us, effective year-end fiscal 2008 and will apply
to all other banks effective year-end fiscal 2009. These guidelines require banks to maintain a minimum capital to risk weighted asset ratio of 9.0%, of which a minimum of 6.0% (an increase from 4.5% required by the earlier Basel I guidelines) must be Tier I capital. The guidelines stipulate that investments above 30.0% in the paid up equity of subsidiaries and associates which are not consolidated for capital purposes and investments in other instruments eligible for regulatory capital status in those entities must be deducted to the extent of 50.0% from Tier I capital and 50.0% from Tier II capital. The guidelines also introduce a capital charge for operational risk. For the current year, we are required to maintain capital at the level required by Basel I or Basel II, whichever is higher.
Risk adjusted assets and off-balance sheet items considered for determining the capital adequacy ratio are the risk weighted total of funded and non-funded exposures. Degrees of credit risk expressed as percentage weighting have been assigned to various balance sheet asset items and off-balance sheet items. The credit equivalent value of off-balance sheet items is determined by applying conversion factors to the notional amount of the off-balance sheet items. The conversion factor ranges between 20.0% to 100.0% depending on the nature and maturity of the off-balance sheet item. The value of each item is multiplied by the relevant risk weight (and conversion factor for off-balance sheet items) to produce risk-adjusted values of assets and off-balance sheet items. The risk weights are set at 125.0% for consumer credit and capital market exposure and 75.0% for residential mortgages (50.0% for residential mortgage loans of less than Rs. 3 million (US$ 74,963). Exposure to commercial real estate and venture capital funds are weighted at 150.0% and other unrated loans/credit exposures at 100.0%. Credit exposures to rated corporates are risk weighted based on the external credit ratings at a facility level. Further, the Reserve Bank of India has stipulated that for fiscal 2009, all fresh sanctions or renewals in respect of unrated claims on corporates in excess of Rs. 500 million (US$ 12 million) would attract a risk weight of 150.0%. With effect from April 1, 2009, all fresh sanctions or renewals in respect of unrated claims on corporates in excess of Rs. 100 million (US$ 2 million) will attract a risk weight of 150.0%. Banks are also required to maintain a capital charge for market risk in respect of their trading book exposure (including derivatives) and securities included in the available for sale category. All open foreign exchange positions carry a 100.0% risk weight. Capital requirements have also been prescribed for open positions in gold. Banks are also expected to compute their credit exposures, arising on account of interest rate and foreign exchange derivative transactions and gold, using the current exposure method.
The Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on securitization of standard assets on February 1, 2006. The guidelines define true sales, criteria to be met by special purpose vehicles set up for securitization, policy on provision of credit enhancement facilities, liquidity facilities, underwriting facilities and provision of services. The guidelines also cover capital requirements on securitization, prudential norms for investment in securities issued by special purpose vehicles, accounting treatment of the securitization transactions and disclosure requirements. In April 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued prudential guidelines pursuant to which securitization exposures, which need to be deducted from regulatory capital, will have to be deducted 50.0% from Tier I and 50.0% from Tier II capital. The guidelines have also specified differential risk weight mapping based on the rating of the securitization exposure taken by the originator/investor.
The total capital of a bank is classified into Tier I and Tier II capital. Tier I capital, the core capital, provides the most permanent and readily available support against unexpected losses. It comprises paid-up capital, reserves consisting of any statutory reserves, other disclosed free reserves and innovative perpetual debt instruments issued in compliance with extant regulations issued by the Reserve Bank of India for inclusion in Tier I capital as reduced by equity investments in subsidiaries, intangible assets and losses in the current period and those brought forward from the previous period. In fiscal 2003, the Reserve Bank of India issued a guideline requiring a bank’s deferred tax asset to be treated as an intangible asset and deducted from its Tier I capital.
Tier II capital includes undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves (at a discount of 55.0%), general provisions and loss reserves (allowed up to a maximum of 1.25% of risk weighted assets), hybrid debt capital instruments (which combine certain features of both equity and debt securities and are able to support losses on an ongoing basis without triggering liquidation), and subordinated debt. Any subordinated debt is subject to progressive discounts each year for inclusion in Tier II capital and total subordinated debt considered as Tier II capital cannot exceed 50.0% of Tier I capital. Tier II capital cannot exceed Tier I capital.
The Reserve Bank of India has issued guidelines permitting banks to issue perpetual debt with a call option which may be exercised after not less than 10 years, with its prior approval, for inclusion in Tier I capital up to a maximum of 15.0% of total Tier I capital. The Reserve Bank of India has also permitted banks to issue debt instruments with a minimum maturity of 15 years and a call option after not less than 10 years, to be exercised with its prior approval, for inclusion in Tier II capital. In July 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines permitting the issuance of Tier I and Tier II debt instruments denominated in foreign currencies. In October 2007, to enhance the range of eligible instruments available to banks for capital adequacy purposes, the Reserve Bank of
India issued guidelines permitting banks to issue preference shares as part of regulatory capital. Banks have been allowed to issue perpetual non-cumulative preference shares as part of Tier I capital and perpetual cumulative preference shares, redeemable non-cumulative preference shares and redeemable cumulative preference shares as part of Tier II capital. Further, the Indian Parliament recently amended the laws governing India’s public sector banks permitting these banks to issue preference shares and make preferential allotments or private placements of equity. According to current provisions private sector banks in India are not permitted to issue preference shares. Legislation has been introduced in the Indian Parliament to amend the Banking Regulation Act to allow all banks to issue redeemable and non-redeemable preference shares. See also “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Capital Resources”.
In March 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines pertaining to the Supervisory Regulatory Process and the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process under Basel II. The guidelines require banks to develop and put in place, with approval of their boards, an Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process commensurate with their size, level of complexity, risk profile and scope of operations.
Loan Loss Provisions and Non-Performing Assets
In April 1992, the Reserve Bank of India issued formal guidelines on income recognition, asset classification, provisioning standards and valuation of investments, which are revised from time to time.
The principal features of these Reserve Bank of India guidelines, which have been implemented with respect to ICICI Bank’s loans, debentures, lease assets, hire purchases and bills are set forth below.
Asset Classification
A non-performing asset is an asset in respect of which any amount of interest or principal is overdue for more than 90 days (180 days until year-end fiscal 2003). In particular, an advance is a non-performing asset where:
| · | interest and/or installment of principal remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of a term loan; |
| · | the account remains “out-of-order” (as defined below) for a period of more than 90 days in respect of an overdraft or cash credit; |
| · | the bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in case of bills purchased and discounted; |
| · | installment of principal or interest remains overdue for two harvest seasons for short duration crops or for one harvest season for long duration crops; or |
| · | any amount to be received remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of other accounts. |
In May 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued draft guidelines governing off-balance sheet exposures of banks. In August 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued final guidelines on prudential norms for off-balance sheet exposures of banks. The guidelines require banks to treat only unpaid amounts due for 90 days or more under derivative contracts as non-performing assets. Further, banks’ derivative and gold exposures would attract provisioning requirement as applicable to the loan assets in the standard asset category.
An account should be treated as “out-of-order” if the outstanding balance remains continuously in excess of the sanctioned drawing limit. In circumstances where the outstanding balance in the principal operating account is less than the sanctioned drawing limit, but (i) there are no credits continuously for a period of 90 days as of the date the balance sheet of the bank or (ii) the credits are not sufficient to cover the interest debited during the same period, these accounts should be treated as “out-of-order”.
Interest in respect of non-performing assets is not recognized or credited to the income account unless collected.
Non-performing assets are classified as described below.
Sub-Standard Assets: Assets that are non-performing assets for a period not exceeding 12 months (18 months until year-end fiscal 2004). In such cases, the current net worth of the borrower/guarantor or the current market value of the security charged is not enough to ensure recovery of dues to the banks in full. Such an asset has well-defined credit weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss, if deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful Assets: Assets that are non-performing assets for more than 12 months (18 months until year-end fiscal 2004). A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in assets that are classified as sub-standard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loss Assets: Assets on which losses have been identified by the bank or internal or external auditors or the Reserve Bank of India inspection but the amount has not been written off fully.
There are separate guidelines for classification of loans for projects under implementation which are based on the achievement of financial closure and the date of approval of the project financing.
The Reserve Bank of India also has separate guidelines for restructured loans. A fully secured restructured standard loan can be restructured by rescheduling of principal repayment and/or the interest element, but must be separately disclosed as a restructured loan. The amount of sacrifice, if any, in the element of interest, measured in present value terms, is either written off or provision is made to the extent of the sacrifice involved. Similar guidelines are applicable to sub-standard assets. The sub-standard accounts which have been subjected to restructuring, whether in respect of principal installment or interest amount, by whatever modality, are eligible to be upgraded to the standard category only after the specified period, i.e., a period of one year after the date when first payment of interest or of principal, whichever is earlier, falls due, subject to satisfactory performance during the period. The Reserve Bank of India has issued separate guidelines concerning debt-restructuring mechanisms for small and medium enterprises. The Reserve Bank of India has recently issued revised guidelines on rescheduling of loans covering all categories of loans.
To put in place an institutional mechanism for the restructuring of corporate debt, the Reserve Bank of India has devised a corporate debt restructuring system. See “Overview of the Indian Financial Sector—Recent Structural Reforms—Corporate Debt Restructuring Forum”.
Provisioning and Write-Offs
Provisions are based on guidelines specific to the classification of the assets. The following guidelines apply to the various asset classifications:
| · | Standard Assets: A general provision of 0.40% (0.25% up to fiscal 2005) is required, other than for direct advances to the agriculture and small and medium enterprise sectors for which the requirement continues to be 0.25%. In fiscal 2007, the Reserve Bank of India increased the general provisioning requirement for standard advances in specific sectors including residential housing loans greater than Rs 2.0 million (US$ 49,975) from 0.40% to 1.0%. In January 2007, the Reserve Bank of India increased the general provisioning requirement for real estate sector loans (excluding residential housing loans), credit card receivables, loans and advances qualifying as capital market exposure, personal loans and exposures to non-deposit taking systemically important non-bank financial companies to 2.0%. |
| · | Sub-Standard Assets: A general provision of 10.0% of the total outstanding is required. However, unsecured exposures which are identified as sub-standard attract an additional provision of 10.0%, i.e., a total of 20.0% on the outstanding balance. |
| · | Doubtful Assets: A 100.0% write-off is required to be taken against the unsecured portion of the doubtful asset and charged against income. The value assigned to the collateral securing a loan is the amount |
reflected on the borrower’s books or the realizable value determined by third party appraisers. For the secured portion of assets classified as doubtful 20.0% provision is required to be made for assets that have been classified as doubtful for a year, 30.0% for assets that have been classified as doubtful for one to three years and 100.0% assets classified as doubtful for more than three years.
| · | Loss Assets: The entire asset is required to be written off or provided for, i.e., a 100.0% provision. |
| · | Restructured Loans: The amount of sacrifice, if any, in the element of interest, measured in present value terms, is either written off or provision is made to the extent of the sacrifice involved. |
In June 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued prudential norms on creation and utilization of floating provisions (i.e., provisions which are not made in respect of specific non-performing assets or are made in excess of regulatory requirements for provisions for standard assets). The norms state that floating provisions can be used only for contingencies under extraordinary circumstances for making specific provisions against impaired accounts after obtaining approval from the board of directors and with the prior permission of the Reserve Bank of India. Floating provisions for advances and investments must be held separately and cannot be reversed by credit to the profit and loss account. Until utilization of such provisions, they can be netted off from gross non-performing assets to compute the net non-performing assets. Alternatively, floating provisions can be treated as part of Tier II capital within the overall ceiling of 1.25% of total risk-weighted assets for inclusion of general provisions and loss reserves in Tier II capital. Floating provisions do not include specific voluntary provisions made by banks for advances where such provisions are higher than the minimum provision stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India guidelines.
Regulations relating to Making Loans
The provisions of the Banking Regulation Act govern the making of loans by banks in India. The Reserve Bank of India also issues directions covering the loan activities of banks. Some of the major guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India, which are now in effect, are as follows:
| · | The Reserve Bank of India has prescribed norms for bank lending to non-bank financial companies and financing of public sector disinvestment. |
| · | Banks are free to determine their own lending rates but each bank must declare its prime lending rate as approved by its board of directors. Banks are required to declare a benchmark prime lending rate based on various parameters including cost of funds, non-interest expense, capital charge and profit margin. Each bank should also indicate the maximum spread over the prime lending rate for all credit exposures other than retail loans. The interest charged by banks on advances up to Rs. 200,000 (US$ 4,998) to any one entity (other than certain permitted types of loans including loans to individuals for acquiring residential property, loans for purchase of consumer durables and other non-priority sector personal loans) must not exceed the prime lending rate. Banks are also given freedom to lend at a rate below the prime lending rate in respect of creditworthy borrowers and exposures. Interest rates for certain categories of advances are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. |
| · | Section 21A of the Banking Regulation Act provides that the rate of interest charged by a bank shall not be reopened by any court on the ground that the rate of interest charged by a bank is excessive. In May 2007, the Reserve Bank of India notified that the boards of banks should lay down internal principles and procedures so that interest rates charged by banks are in conformity with normal banking prudence and are not usurious. |
In terms of Section 20(1) of the Banking Regulation Act, a bank cannot grant any loans and advances against the security of its own shares, a banking company is prohibited from entering into any commitment for granting any loans or advances to or on behalf of any of its directors, or any firm in which any of its directors is interested as partner, manager, employee or guarantor, or any company (not being a subsidiary of the banking company or a company registered under Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956, or a government company) of which, or the subsidiary or the holding company of which any of the directors of the bank is a director, managing agent, manager, employee or guarantor or in which he holds substantial interest, or any individual in respect of whom any
of its directors is a partner or guarantor. There are certain exemptions in this regard as the explanation to the section provides that ‘loans or advances’ shall not include any transaction which the Reserve Bank of India may specify by general or special order as not being a loan or advance for the purpose of such section.
There are guidelines on loans against equity shares in respect of amount, margin requirement and purpose.
In June 2005, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines requiring banks to put in place a policy for exposure to real estate with the approval of their boards. The policy is required to include exposure limits, collaterals to be considered, collateral cover and margins and credit authorization. The Reserve Bank of India has also permitted banks to extend financial assistance to Indian companies for acquisition of equity in overseas joint ventures or wholly owned subsidiaries or in other overseas companies, new or existing, as strategic investment. Banks are not permitted to finance acquisitions by companies in India.
In February 2008, the government of India in its Union Budget for fiscal 2009 announced a debt waiver for small and marginal farmers. In respect of other farmers, the scheme proposes a one-time settlement of all overdue loans at 75.0% of the loan amount. In May 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for the implementation of this scheme, requiring all banks to implement the scheme by June 30, 2008.
Guidelines relating to use of Recovery Agents by Banks
In April 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for banks engaging recovery agents. The Reserve Bank of India has asked banks to put in place a due diligence process for engagement of recovery agents, structured to cover individuals involved in the recovery process. Banks are expected to communicate details of recovery agents to borrowers and have in place a grievance redressal mechanism pertaining to the recovery process. The Reserve Bank of India has advised banks to initiate a training course for current and prospective recovery agents to ensure prudent recovery practices.
Regulations relating to Sale of Assets to Asset Reconstruction Companies
The Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002, as amended, provide for sale of financial assets by banks and financial institutions to asset reconstruction companies. The Reserve Bank of India has issued guidelines to banks on the process to be followed for sale of financial assets to asset reconstruction companies. These guidelines provide that a bank may sell financial assets to an asset reconstruction company provided the asset is a non-performing asset. These assets are to be sold on ‘without recourse’ basis only. A bank may sell a standard asset only if the borrower has a consortium or multiple banking arrangements, at least 75.0% by value of the total loans to the borrower are classified as non-performing and at least 75.0% by value of the banks and financial institutions in the consortium or multiple banking arrangements agree to the sale. The banks selling financial assets should ensure that there is no known liability devolving on them and that they do not assume any operational, legal or any other type of risks relating to the financial assets sold. Further, banks may not sell financial assets at a contingent price with an agreement to bear a part of the shortfall on ultimate realization. However, banks may sell specific financial assets with an agreement to share in any surplus realized by the asset reconstruction company in the future. While each bank is required to make its own assessment of the value offered in the sale before accepting or rejecting an offer for purchase of financial assets by an asset reconstruction company, in consortium or multiple banking arrangements where more than 75.0% by value of the banks or financial institutions accept the offer, the remaining banks or financial institutions are obliged to accept the offer. Consideration for the sale may be in the form of cash, bonds or debentures or security receipts or pass through certificates issued by the asset reconstruction company or trusts set up by it to acquire the financial assets. See also “Overview of the Indian Financial Sector—Recent Structural Reforms—Legislative Framework for Recovery of Debts Due to Banks”.
Guidelines on Sale and Purchase of Non-performing Assets
In July 2005, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on sales and purchases of non-performing assets between banks, financial institutions and non-bank finance companies. These guidelines require that the board of directors of the bank must establish a policy for purchases and sales of non-performing assets. Purchases and sales of non-performing assets must be without recourse to the seller and on a cash basis, with the entire consideration
being paid upfront. An asset must have been classified as non-performing for at least two years by the seller to be eligible for sale. The purchasing bank must hold the non-performing asset on its books for at least 15 months before it can sell the asset to another bank. The asset cannot be sold back to the original seller.
In October 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines regarding valuation of non-performing assets being put up for sale. Banks have been instructed to work out the net present value of the estimated cash flows associated with the realizable value of the available asset net of the cost of realization. The sale price should not be lower than the net present value. The Reserve Bank of India has instructed banks to follow the same procedure in case of compromise settlements as well.
Directed Lending
Priority Sector Lending
Till year-end fiscal 2007, the Reserve Bank of India’s directed lending norms required commercial banks to lend a certain percentage of their net bank credit to specific sectors (the priority sectors), such as agriculture, small-scale industry, small businesses and housing finance. Total priority sector advances were set at 40.0% of net bank credit with agricultural advances required to be 18.0% of net bank credit and advances to weaker sections required to be at 10.0% of the net bank credit, and 1.0% of the previous year’s total advances outstanding is required to be lent under the Differential Rate of Interest scheme. In April 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued revised guidelines on lending to the priority sector. The Reserve Bank of India has linked the priority sector lending targets to adjusted net bank credit (net bank credit plus investments made by banks in non-statutory liquidity bonds included in the held to maturity category and excluding recapitalization bonds floated by the government) or credit equivalent amount of off-balance sheet exposure, whichever is higher as of previous fiscal years. Under the revised guidelines the limit on the housing loans eligible for priority sector lending has been increased from Rs. 1.5 million (US$ 37,481) to Rs. 2.0 million (US$ 49,975) per borrower. The guidelines have capped eligible direct agriculture finance to non-individuals (i.e. partnership firms, corporates and institutions) at Rs 10.0 million (US$ 249,875) per borrower. One-third of loans in excess of Rs.10.0 million (US$ 249,875) per borrower would also be considered as direct finance while the remaining two-thirds would constitute indirect finance.
In May 2007 the Reserve Bank of India issued revised guidelines on lending to the priority sector. According to the revised guidelines, loans given to people forming part of weaker sections of minority communities (as may be notified by the government of India from time to time) have been brought within the purview of priority sector loans. Within the priority sector lending target, a sub-target of 10.0% of net bank credit was set for advances to the weaker sections. In May 2008, in order to ensure that the sub-target of lending to the weaker sections within priority sector is achieved, the Reserve Bank of India decided to take into account the shortfall in lending to weaker sections even if overall priority sector targets were met also, for the purpose of allocating amounts to the domestic banks for contribution to the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) maintained with the National Bank for Agriculture and the Rural Development or funds with other financial institutions.
In addition, investments made by banks after year-end fiscal 2007 in bonds issued by the National Bank for Agriculture and the Rural Development in lieu of non-achievement of priority sector lending targets will no longer be considered as indirect finance. However, existing investments in such bonds would continue to be classified as indirect agriculture finance till fiscal 2010.
Prior to the amalgamation, the advances of ICICI were not subject to the requirement applicable to banks in respect of priority sector lending. Pursuant to the terms of the Reserve Bank of India’s approval of the amalgamation, ICICI Bank is required to maintain a total of 50.0% of its domestic adjusted net bank credit (net bank credit till year-end fiscal 2007) on the residual portion of its advances (i.e., the portion of ICICI Bank’s total advances excluding advances of ICICI) in the form of priority sector advances. This additional requirement of 10.0% by way of priority sector advances will apply until such time as the aggregate priority sector advances reach a level of 40.0% of ICICI Bank’s total adjusted net bank credit. Any shortfall in the amount required to be lent to the priority sectors may be required to be deposited with the National Bank for Agriculture and the Rural Development. These deposits have a maturity period of up to seven years. However, deposits made after year-end fiscal 2007 will no longer be considered as indirect agriculture finance.
Export Credit
The Reserve Bank of India also requires commercial banks to make loans to exporters at concessional rates of interest. This enables exporters to have access to an internationally competitive financing option. Pursuant to existing guidelines, 12.0% of a bank’s net bank credit is required to be in the form of export credit. ICICI Bank provides export credit for pre-shipment and post-shipment requirements of exporter borrowers in rupees and foreign currencies.
Credit Exposure Limits
As a prudent measure aimed at better risk management and avoidance of concentration of credit risk, the Reserve Bank of India has prescribed credit exposure limits for banks and long-term lending institutions in respect of their lending to individual borrowers and to all companies in a single group (or sponsor group).
The limits currently set by the Reserve Bank of India are as follows:
| · | The exposure ceiling for a single borrower is 15.0% of capital funds and group exposure limit is 40.0% of capital funds. In case of financing for infrastructure projects, the exposure limit to a single borrower is extendable by another 5.0%, i.e., up to 20.0% of capital funds and the group exposure limit is extendable by another 10.0%, i.e., up to 50.0% of capital funds. In May 2008, the Reserve Bank of India increased the single borrower exposure limit for oil companies that have been issued oil bonds at 25.0%. Banks may, in exceptional circumstances, with the approval of their board of directors, consider enhancement of the exposure to a borrower up to a maximum of further 5.0% of capital funds, subject to the borrower consenting to the banks making appropriate disclosures in their annual reports. |
| · | Capital funds are the total capital as defined under capital adequacy norms (Tier I and Tier II capital). |
| · | Exposure shall include credit exposure (funded and non-funded credit limits) and investment exposure (including underwriting and similar commitments). Non-fund based exposures are calculated at 100.0% and in addition, banks include forward contracts in foreign exchange and other derivative products, like currency swaps and options, at their replacement cost value in determining individual or group borrower exposure ceilings, effective April 1, 2003. |
To ensure that exposures are evenly spread, the Reserve Bank of India requires banks to fix internal limits of exposure to specific sectors. These limits are subject to periodical review by the banks. ICICI Bank has fixed a ceiling of 15.0% on its exposure to any one industry (other than retail loans) and monitors its exposures accordingly.
Limits on exposure to Non-Banking Finance Companies
During fiscal 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on the financial regulation of systemically important non-banking financial companies and banks' relationship with them with a view to remove the possibility of regulatory arbitrage leading to an uneven playing field and potential systemic risk. Within non-deposit taking non-banking financial companies, the guidelines classify those with an asset size above Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) as per the last audited balance sheet as systemically important. These non-banking financial companies are required to maintain a minimum capital to risk weighted assets ratio of 10.0%, in addition to conforming to single and group exposure norms. In August 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines covering non-deposit taking non-banking financial companies. Non-deposit taking non-banking financial companies with asset size of Rs. 1.0 billion (US$ 25 million) and above will have to maintain capital to risk weighted assets ratio of 12.0% by March 31, 2009 against the current 10.0%. The capital adequacy ratio will be increased to 15.0% from March 31, 2010. A banks' holding in a deposit taking non-banking financial company, excluding housing finance companies, is restricted to 10.0% of the paid up equity capital of the entity. The total exposure to a single non-banking financial company has been limited to 10.0% of the bank's capital funds while exposure to a non-banking asset finance company has been restricted to 15.0% of the bank's capital funds. The limit may be increased to 15.0% and 20.0% respectively provided that the excess exposure is on account of funds lent by the non-banking finance company to infrastructure sectors.
Regulations relating to Investments and Capital Market Exposure Limits
Pursuant to the Reserve Bank of India guidelines, a bank’s exposure to capital markets by way of investments in shares, convertible debentures, units of equity oriented mutual funds and loans to brokers, should not exceed 40% of its net worth on a standalone and consolidated basis. Within this limit direct investments in shares, convertible bonds/ debentures, units of equity oriented mutual funds and all exposures to venture capital funds have been restricted to 20.0% of their net worth.
In December 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued a guideline stating that a bank lending to mutual funds would only be towards the mutual funds´ temporary liquidity requirements for a period not exceeding six months. Such lending would constitute a part of the bank’s capital market exposure in case of loans extended to equity-linked mutual funds. The guideline will become effective in January 2009.
In November 2003, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on investments by banks in non-Statutory Liquidity Ratio securities issued by companies, banks, financial institutions, central and state government sponsored institutions and special purpose vehicles. These guidelines apply to primary market subscriptions and secondary market purchases. Pursuant to these guidelines, banks are prohibited from investing in non-Statutory Liquidity Ratio securities with an original maturity of less than one year, other than commercial paper and certificates of deposits. Banks are also prohibited from investing in unrated securities. A bank’s investment in unlisted non-Statutory Liquidity Ratio securities may not exceed 10.0% of its total investment in non-Statutory Liquidity Ratio securities as at the end of the preceding fiscal year with a sub-ceiling of 5.0% for investments in bonds of public sector undertakings. These guidelines do not apply to investments in security receipts issued by securitization or reconstruction companies registered with the Reserve Bank of India and asset backed securities and mortgage backed securities with a minimum investment grade credit rating. These guidelines were effective April 1, 2004, with provision for compliance in a phased manner by January 1, 2005. In December 2007, the Reserve Bank of India permitted banks to invest in un-rated bonds of corporates engaged in infrastructure activities within the ceiling of 10.0% for unlisted non-Statutory Liquidity Ratio securities in order to encourage flow of credit to infrastructure sector. In June 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for the valuation of non-Statutory Liquidity Ratio securities asking banks to value such securities issued by the government of India at a spread of 25 basis points above the corresponding yield on government of India securities from an earlier spread of 50 basis points above the corresponding yield on government of India securities.
The Reserve Bank of India requires that the investment by a bank in subordinated debt instruments, representing Tier II capital, issued by other banks and financial institutions should not exceed 10.0% of the investing bank’s capital including Tier II capital and free reserves. In July 2004, the Reserve Bank of India imposed a ceiling of 10.0% of capital funds (Tier I plus Tier II capital) on investments by banks and financial institutions in equity shares, preference shares eligible for capital status, subordinated debt instruments, hybrid debt capital instruments and any other instrument approved as in the nature of capital, issued by other banks and financial institutions. Investments in the instruments which are not deducted from Tier I capital of the investing bank or financial institution, are subject to a 100.0% risk weight for credit risk for capital adequacy purposes. The risk weight for credit risk exposure in capital markets has been increased to 125.0% from 100.0% in July 2005. Further, banks and financial institutions cannot acquire any fresh stake in a bank’s equity shares, if by such acquisition, the investing bank’s or financial institution’s holding exceeds 5.0% of the investee bank’s equity capital. Banks with investments in excess of the prescribed limits were required to apply to the Reserve Bank of India with a roadmap for reduction of the exposure.
Consolidated Supervision Guidelines
In fiscal 2003, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for consolidated accounting and consolidated supervision for banks. These guidelines became effective April 1, 2003. The principal features of these guidelines are:
Consolidated Financial Statements: Banks are required to prepare consolidated financial statements intended for public disclosure.
Consolidated Prudential Returns: Banks are required to submit to the Reserve Bank of India, consolidated prudential returns reporting their compliance with various prudential norms on a consolidated basis, excluding insurance subsidiaries. Compliance on a consolidated basis is required in respect of the following main prudential norms:
| · | Single borrower exposure limit of 15.0% of capital funds (20.0% of capital funds provided the additional exposure of up to 5.0% is for the purpose of financing infrastructure projects); |
| · | Borrower group exposure limit of 40.0% of capital funds (50.0% of capital funds provided the additional exposure of up to 10.0% is for the purpose of financing infrastructure projects); |
| · | Deduction from Tier I capital of the bank, of any shortfall in capital adequacy of a subsidiary for which capital adequacy norms are specified; and |
| · | Consolidated capital market exposure limit of 40.0% of consolidated net worth with a direct investment limit of 20.0% of consolidated net worth (applicable from fiscal 2008). Till year-end fiscal 2007 the capital market exposure limit was limited to 2.0% of consolidated total assets and 10.0% of consolidated net worth. |
At year-end fiscal 2008, we were in compliance with these guidelines. Effective April 1, 2007, the Reserve Bank of India has revised norms for capital market exposure. As per the new guidelines, consolidated capital market exposure by way of investment in shares, convertible debentures, and units of equity oriented mutual funds and loans to brokers should not exceed 40.0% of consolidated net worth. Within this limit direct investment in shares, convertible bonds/debentures, units of equity oriented mutual funds and all exposures to ventures capital funds have been restricted to 20.0% of consolidated net worth. See also “—Credit Exposure Limits”.
In June 2004, the Reserve Bank of India published the report of a working group on monitoring of financial conglomerates, which proposed the following framework:
| · | identification of financial conglomerates that would be subjected to focused regulatory oversight; |
| · | monitoring intra-group transactions and exposures and large exposures of the group to outside counter parties; |
| · | identifying a designated entity within each group that would collate data in respect of all other group entities and furnish the same to its regulator; and |
| · | formalizing a mechanism for inter-regulatory exchange of information. |
The framework covers entities under the jurisdiction of the Reserve Bank of India, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority and the National Housing Bank and would in due course be extended to entities regulated by the proposed Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority. The Reserve Bank of India has identified ICICI Bank and its related entities as a financial conglomerate with ICICI Bank as the designated entity responsible for reporting to the Reserve Bank of India.
Banks’ Investment Classification and Valuation Norms
The key features of the Reserve Bank of India guidelines on categorization and valuation of banks’ investment portfolio are given below.
| · | The entire investment portfolio is required to be classified under three categories: (a) held to maturity, (b) held for trading and (c) available for sale. Held to maturity includes securities acquired with the intention of being held up to maturity; held for trading includes securities acquired with the intention of being traded to take advantage of the short-term price/interest rate movements; and available for sale |
includes securities not included in held to maturity and held for trading. Banks should decide the category of investment at the time of acquisition.
| · | Held to maturity investments compulsorily include (a) recapitalization bonds received from the government of India towards their recapitalization requirement and held in their investment portfolio, (b) investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures and (c) investments in debentures deemed as advance. Held to maturity investments also include any other investment identified for inclusion in this category subject to the condition that such investments cannot exceed 25.0% of the total investment excluding recapitalization bonds and debentures. |
| · | Profit on the sale of investments in the held to maturity category, net of tax and statutory reserve, is appropriated to the capital reserve account after being taken in the income statement. Loss on any sale is recognized in the income statement. |
| · | The market price of the security available from the stock exchange, the price of securities in subsidiary general ledger transactions, the Reserve Bank of India price list or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India jointly with the Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India serves as the “market value” for investments in available for sale and held for trading securities. |
| · | Investments under the held for trading category should be sold within 90 days; in the event of inability to sell due to adverse factors including tight liquidity, extreme volatility or a unidirectional movement in the market, the unsold securities should be shifted to the available for sale category. |
| · | Profit or loss on the sale of investments in both held for trading and available for sale categories is taken in the income statement. |
| · | Shifting of investments from or to held to maturity may be done with the approval of the board of directors once a year, normally at the beginning of the accounting year; shifting of investments from available for sale to held for trading may be done with the approval of the board of directors, the Asset Liability Management Committee or the Investment Committee; shifting from held for trading to available for sale is generally not permitted. |
In September 2004, the Reserve Bank of India announced that it would set up an internal group to review the investment classification guidelines to align them with international practices and the current state of risk management practices in India, taking into account the unique requirement applicable to banks in India of maintenance of a statutory liquidity ratio equal to 25.0% of their demand and time liabilities. In the meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of India has permitted banks to exceed the limit of 25.0% of investments for the held to maturity category provided the excess comprises only statutory liquidity ratio investments and the aggregate of such investments in the held to maturity category do not exceed 25.0% of the demand and time liabilities. The Reserve Bank of India permitted banks to transfer additional securities to the held to maturity category as a one time measure, in addition to the transfer permitted under the earlier guidelines. The transfer had to be done at the lower of acquisition cost, book value or market value on the date of transfer and the depreciation needed to be fully provided for.
Held to maturity securities are not marked to market and are carried at acquisition cost or at an amortized cost if acquired at a premium over the face value.
Available for sale and held for trading securities are valued at market or fair value as at the balance sheet date. Depreciation or appreciation for each basket within the available for sale and held for trading categories is aggregated. Net appreciation in each basket, if any, which is not realized, is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
Investments in security receipts or pass through certificates issued by asset reconstruction companies or trusts set up by asset reconstruction companies should be valued at the net asset value announced periodically by the asset reconstruction company based on the valuation of the underlying assets.
Limit on Transactions through Individual Brokers
Guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India require banks to empanel brokers for transactions in securities. These guidelines also require that a disproportionate part of the bank’s business should not be transacted only through one broker or a few brokers. The Reserve Bank of India specifies that not more than 5.0% of the total transactions through empanelled brokers can be transacted through one broker. If for any reason this limit is breached, the Reserve Bank of India has stipulated that the board of directors of the bank concerned should ratify such action.
Prohibition on Short-Selling
The Reserve Bank of India does not permit short selling of securities by banks excluding intra-day short selling in central government securities. The Reserve Bank of India has permitted banks to sell government of India securities already contracted for purchase provided the purchase contract is confirmed and the contract is guaranteed by Clearing Corporation of India Limited or the security is contracted for purchase from the Reserve Bank of India. Each security is deliverable or receivable on a net basis for a particular settlement cycle.
In February 2006, the Reserve Bank of India introduced intra-day short selling in central government securities as a measure to develop the central government securities market. In its Annual Policy Statement for fiscal 2007, the Reserve Bank of India proposed to introduce a ‘when issued’ market in government securities in order to further strengthen the debt management framework. In January 2007 the Reserve Bank of India permitted Scheduled Commercial Banks and Primary Dealers (PDs) to undertake short sale of central government dated securities, subject to the short position being covered within a maximum period of five trading days, including the day of trade. The short positions shall have to be covered only by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security.
Subsidiaries and Other Financial Sector Investments
ICICI Bank needs the prior permission of the Reserve Bank of India to incorporate a subsidiary. ICICI Bank is required to maintain an “arms’ length” relationship with its subsidiaries and with mutual funds sponsored by it in regard to business parameters such as not taking undue advantage in borrowing/ lending funds, transferring/ selling/ buying of securities at rates other than market rates, giving special consideration for securities transactions, in supporting/financing the subsidiary or financing its clients through them when ICICI Bank is not able or not permitted to do so itself. ICICI Bank has to observe the prudential norms stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India, from time to time, in respect of its underwriting commitments. Pursuant to such prudential norms, ICICI Bank’s underwriting or the underwriting commitment of its subsidiaries under any single obligation shall not exceed 15.0% of an issue. ICICI Bank also needs the prior specific approval of the Reserve Bank of India to participate in the equity of financial services ventures including stock exchanges and depositories notwithstanding the fact that such investments may be within the ceiling (the lower of 30.0% of the paid-up capital of the investee company and 30.0% of the investing bank’s own paid up capital and reserves) prescribed under Section 19(2) of the Banking Regulation Act. ICICI Bank’s investment in a subsidiary company, financial services company, financial institution and stock and other exchanges cannot exceed 10.0% of its paid-up capital and reserves and ICICI Bank’s aggregate investments in all such companies, financial institutions, stock and other exchanges put together cannot exceed 20.0% of its paid-up capital and reserves. In August 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines which included banks’ investments in venture capital funds in this limit. Subsequently the Reserve Bank of India has clarified that investments in overseas banking subsidiaries may be excluded from this limit.
Holding Companies
In August 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued a discussion paper on holding companies in banking groups, on which it had invited comments. In the discussion paper, the Reserve Bank of India has stated that there are
advantages in having a financial or bank holding company structure, for which a proper legal framework needs to be created. However, it has stated that it would be desirable to avoid intermediate holding company structures, of the type proposed by us for our insurance and asset management subsidiaries. In November 2007, the Reserve Bank of India communicated that it would study the feedback received on the discussion paper from a legal and regulatory perspective before initiating further action.
Regulations relating to Deposits
The Reserve Bank of India has permitted banks to independently determine rates of interest offered on term deposits. However, banks are not permitted to pay interest on current account deposits. Further, banks may only pay interest of up to 3.5% per annum on savings deposits. In respect of savings and time deposits accepted from employees, ICICI Bank is permitted by the Reserve Bank of India to pay an additional interest of 1.0% over the interest payable on deposits from the public.
Domestic time deposits have a minimum maturity of seven days. Time deposits from non-resident Indians denominated in foreign currency have a minimum maturity of one year and a maximum maturity of three years.
Starting April 1998, the Reserve Bank of India has permitted banks the flexibility to offer varying rates of interests on domestic deposits of the same maturity subject to the following conditions:
| · | Time deposits are of Rs.1.5 million (US$ 37,481) and above; and |
| · | Interest on deposits is paid in accordance with the schedule of interest rates disclosed in advance by the bank and not pursuant to negotiation between the depositor and the bank. |
ICICI Bank stipulates a minimum balance of Rs. 10,000 (US$ 250) for a non-resident rupee savings deposit. In September 2008, the Reserve Bank of India increased the limit on interest rates on non-resident rupee term deposits of one to three years maturity to LIBOR/SWAP rate plus 50 basis points for US dollar of corresponding maturity from the earlier limit of LIBOR/SWAP rate. The interest rate on non-resident savings deposits is at the rate applicable to domestic savings deposits.
In October 2007, the Reserve Bank of India instructed banks to discontinue special deposit schemes, with lock-in periods and other features that do not conform to deposit regulations of the Reserve Bank of India.
Regulations relating to Knowing the Customer and Anti-Money Laundering
The Reserve Bank of India issued a notification in November 2004 prescribing guidelines for Know Your Customer and anti money laundering procedures. Banks are required to have a customer acceptance policy laying down explicit criteria for acceptance of customers and defining risk parameters. A profile of the customers should be prepared based on risk categorization. Banks have been advised to apply enhanced due diligence for high-risk customers. The guidelines provide that banks should undertake customer identification procedures while establishing a banking relationship or carrying out a financial transaction or when the bank has a doubt about the authenticity or the adequacy of the previously obtained customer identification data. Banks need to obtain sufficient information necessary to establish the identity of each new customer and the purpose of the intended banking relationship. The guidelines also provide that banks should monitor transactions depending on the account’s risk sensitivity. In February 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on the obligations of banks under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. The Reserve Bank of India also issued anti money laundering guidelines to other entities such as non-bank finance companies and authorized money changers.
In August 2005, the Reserve Bank of India has simplified the KYC procedure for opening accounts for those persons who intend to keep balances not exceeding Rs. 50,000 (US$ 1,249) in all their accounts taken together and the total credit in all the accounts taken together is not expected to exceed Rs. 100,000 (US$ 2,499) in a year in order to ensure that the implementation of the KYC guidelines do not result in the denial of the banking services to those who are financially or socially disadvantaged.
The Indian Parliament had enacted the Prevention of Money Laundering Act in 2002. Effective July 1, 2005, the provisions of this Act have come into force. The Act seeks to prevent money laundering and to provide for confiscation of property derived from, or involved in, money laundering. In addition, the applicable exchange control regulations prescribe reporting mechanisms for transactions in foreign exchange and require authorized dealers to report identified suspicious transactions to the Reserve Bank of India. In December 2004, the Indian Parliament passed the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Ordinance/Act, 2004 incorporating the provisions considered necessary to deal with various facets of terrorism. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 deals with proceeds of drug related crime.
Regulations on Asset Liability Management
At present, the Reserve Bank of India’s regulations for asset liability management require banks to draw up asset-liability gap statements separately for rupee and for four major foreign currencies. These gap statements are prepared by scheduling all assets and liabilities according to the stated and anticipated re-pricing date, or maturity date. These statements have to be submitted to the Reserve Bank of India on a quarterly basis. The Reserve Bank of India has advised banks to actively monitor the difference in the amount of assets and liabilities maturing or being re-priced in a particular period and place internal prudential limits on the gaps in each time period, as a risk control mechanism. Additionally, the Reserve Bank of India has asked banks to manage their asset-liability structure such that the negative liquidity gap in the 1-14 day and 15–28 day time periods does not exceed 20.0% of cash outflows in these time periods. This 20.0% limit on negative gaps was made mandatory with effect from April 1, 2000. In respect of other time periods, up to one year, the Reserve Bank of India has directed banks to lay down internal norms in respect of negative liquidity gaps. In April 2006, the Reserve Bank of India issued draft guidelines on improvements to banks’ asset liability management framework.
In March 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines regarding prudential limits for inter-bank liabilities. Inter-bank liabilities of a bank cannot exceed 200.0% of its net worth as on the last day of the previous fiscal year. Individual banks have been permitted, with the approval of their boards of directors, to fix a lower limit for their inter-bank liabilities, keeping in view their business model. However banks whose capital to risk assets ratio is at least 25.0% more than the minimum capital to risk assets ratio (currently 9.0%) i.e. 11.25% as on the last day of the previous fiscal year are allowed a higher limit with respect to inter-bank liability of up to 300.0% of their net worth. It may be noted that the limits prescribed above would include only fund based inter-bank liabilities within India (including inter-bank liabilities in foreign currency to banks operating within India) and inter-bank liabilities outside India are excluded. The Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines also stipulates that existing limits on call-money borrowing shall form a sub-limit of the above-mentioned limit.
In October 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued amendments to guidelines on asset-liability management to improve management of liquidity by banks and to provide a stimulus for development of the term-money market. The Reserve Bank of India has advised banks to adopt a more detailed approach to measurement of liquidity risk effective January 1, 2008 by splitting the first time period (1-14 days at present) in the statement of structural liquidity into three time periods — next day, 2-7 days and 8-14 days. The net cumulative negative liquidity mismatches during the next day, 2-7 days, 8-14 days and 15-28 days periods should not exceed 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0% of the cumulative cash outflows in the respective time periods in order to recognize the cumulative impact on liquidity. Banks have also been permitted to undertake dynamic liquidity management and prepare the structural liquidity statement on a daily basis.
Foreign Currency Dealership
The Reserve Bank of India has granted ICICI Bank a full-fledged authorized dealers’ license to deal in foreign exchange through its designated branches. Under this license, ICICI Bank has been granted permission to:
| · | engage in foreign exchange transactions in all currencies; |
| · | open and maintain foreign currency accounts abroad; |
| · | raise foreign currency and rupee denominated deposits from non resident Indians; |
| · | grant foreign currency loans to on-shore and off-shore corporations; |
| · | open documentary credits; |
| · | grant import and export loans; |
| · | handle collection of bills, funds transfer services; |
| · | enter into derivative transactions and risk management activities that are incidental to its normal functions authorized under its organizational documents. |
Further, ICICI Bank has been permitted to hedge foreign currency loan exposures of Indian corporations in the form of interest rate swaps, currency swaps and forward rate agreements, subject to certain conditions. In the annual policy statement for fiscal 2008 the Reserve Bank of India permitted banks and primary dealers to begin transactions in single-entity credit default swaps and has issued draft guidelines regarding these transactions. Further in April 2007 the Reserve Bank of India published comprehensive guidelines on derivatives.
In August 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines permitting banks in the authorized dealer category to become trading or clearing members of the currency derivatives segment to be set up by stock exchanges recognized by SEBI, subject to their fulfilling the requirements of (i) minimum net worth of Rs. 5.0 billion (US$ 125 million) (ii) minimum capital adequacy ratio of 10.0% (iii) net NPA not exceeding 3.0% and (iv) net profit for last three years.
ICICI Bank’s foreign exchange operations are subject to the guidelines specified by the Reserve Bank of India in the exchange control manual. As an authorized dealer, ICICI Bank is required to enroll as a member of the Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India, which prescribes the rules relating to foreign exchange business in India.
Authorized dealers, like ICICI Bank, are required to determine their limits on open positions and maturity gaps in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines and these limits are approved by the Reserve Bank of India.
Ownership Restrictions
The government of India regulates foreign ownership in Indian banks. The total foreign ownership in a private sector bank, like ICICI Bank, cannot exceed 74.0% of the paid-up capital and shares held by foreign institutional investors under portfolio investment schemes through stock exchanges cannot exceed 49.0% of the paid-up capital.
The Reserve Bank of India’s acknowledgement is required for the acquisition or transfer of a bank’s shares which will take the aggregate holding (direct and indirect, beneficial or otherwise) of an individual or a group to the equivalent of 5.0% or more of its total paid up capital. The Reserve Bank of India, while granting acknowledgement, may take into account all matters that it considers relevant to the application, including ensuring that shareholders whose aggregate holdings are above specified thresholds meet fitness and propriety tests. In determining whether the acquirer or transferee is fit and proper to be a shareholder, the Reserve Bank of India may take into account various factors including, but not limited to, the acquirer or transferee’s integrity, reputation and track record in financial matters and compliance with tax laws, proceedings of a serious disciplinary or criminal nature against the acquirer or transferee and the source of funds for the investment.
While granting acknowledgement for acquisition or transfer of shares that takes the acquirer’s shareholding to 10.0% or more and up to 30.0% of a private sector bank’s paid-up capital, the Reserve Bank of India may consider additional factors, including but not limited to:
| · | the source and stability of funds for the acquisition and ability to access financial markets as a source of continuing financial support for the bank, |
| · | the business record and experience of the applicant including any experience of acquisition of companies, |
| · | the extent to which the acquirer’s corporate structure is in consonance with effective supervision and regulation of its operations; and |
| · | in case the applicant is a financial entity, whether the applicant is a widely held entity, publicly listed and a well established regulated financial entity in good standing in the financial community. |
While granting acknowledgment for acquisition or transfer of shares that takes the acquirer’s shareholding to 30.0% or more of a private sector bank’s paid-up capital, the Reserve Bank of India may consider additional factors, including but not limited to, whether or not the acquisition is in the public interest, and shareholder agreements and their impact on the control and management of the bank’s operations.
In February 2005, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on ownership and governance in private sector banks. The key provisions of the guidelines on ownership are:
| · | No single entity or group of related entities would be permitted to directly or indirectly hold or control more than 10.0% of the paid up equity capital of a private sector bank and any higher level of acquisition would require the Reserve Bank of India’s prior approval; |
| · | In respect of corporate shareholders, the objective will be to ensure that no entity or group of related entities has a shareholding in excess of 10.0% in the corporate shareholder. In case of shareholders that are financial entities, the objective will be to ensure that it is widely held, publicly listed and well regulated; |
| · | The Reserve Bank of India may permit a higher level of shareholding in case of restructuring of problem banks or weak banks or in the interest of consolidation in the banking industry; |
| · | Banks would be responsible for compliance with the “fit and proper” criteria for shareholders on an ongoing basis; and |
| · | Banks where shareholders holdings are in excess of the prescribed limit would have to indicate a plan for compliance. |
The Reserve Bank of India has recently announced guidelines stating that these regulations would also apply in the event an existing shareholder’s shareholding exceed the specified limit as a result of a rights issue of shares where other shareholders do not subscribe to the issue.
A legislation has been introduced in the Parliament to amend the Banking Regulation Act making the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India mandatory for the acquisition of more than 5.0% of a banking company’s paid up capital or voting rights by any individual or firm or group.
Restrictions on Payment of Dividends
In May 2005, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines stating that a bank may declare dividends only if all of the following conditions are met:
| · | Capital adequacy ratio is at least 9.0% for the preceding two completed years and the accounting year for which the bank proposes to declare a dividend. |
| · | Net non-performing asset ratio is less than 7.0%. |
| · | ICICI Bank is in compliance with the prevailing regulations and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India, including the creation of adequate provision for the impairment of assets, staff retirement benefits, transfer of profits to statutory reserves, etc. |
| · | The proposed dividend will be paid out of the current year’s profit. |
| · | The Reserve Bank of India has not placed any explicit restrictions on the bank for declaration of dividends. |
| · | ICICI Bank is in compliance with sections 15 and 17 of the Banking Regulation Act that require banks to completely write off capitalized expenses and transfer 25.0% of the disclosed yearly profit to a reserve account before declaring a dividend. |
In case a bank does not meet the capital adequacy norms for two consecutive years, but has a capital adequacy ratio of at least 9.0% for the accounting year for which it proposes to declare a dividend, it would be eligible to do so if its net non-performing asset ratio is less than 5.0%.
Banks that are eligible to declare dividends under the above rules can do so subject to the following:
| · | The dividend payout ratio (calculated as a percentage of dividend payable in a year to net profit during the year) must not exceed 40.0%. The maximum permissible dividend payout ratio would vary from bank to bank, depending on the capital adequacy ratio in each of the last three years and the net non-performing asset ratio. |
| · | In case the profit for the relevant period includes any extraordinary income, the payout ratio must be calculated after excluding that income for compliance with the prudential payout ratio. |
| · | The financial statements pertaining to the financial year for which the bank is declaring a dividend should be free of any qualification by the statutory auditors, which might have an adverse effect on the profit during that year. In case there are any such qualifications, the net profit should be suitably adjusted while computing the dividend payout ratio. |
Moratorium, Reconstruction & Amalgamation of Banks
The Reserve Bank of India can apply to the government of India for suspension of business by a banking company. The government of India after considering the application of the Reserve Bank of India may order a moratorium staying commencement of action or proceedings against such company for a maximum period of six months. During such period of moratorium, the Reserve Bank of India may (a) in the public interest; or (b) in the interest of the depositors; or (c) in order to secure the proper management of the bank; or (d) in the interests of the banking system of the country as a whole, prepare a scheme for the reconstruction of the bank or amalgamation of the bank with any other bank. In circumstances entailing reconstruction of the bank or amalgamation of the bank with another bank, the Reserve Bank of India invites suggestions and objections on the draft scheme prior to placing the scheme before the government of India for its sanction. The central government may sanction the scheme with or without modifications. The law does not require consent of the shareholders or creditors of such banks.
Regulations on Mergers of Private Sector Banks and Banks and Non-banking Finance Companies
In May 2005, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on mergers between private sector banks and between banks and non-banking finance companies. The guidelines particularly emphasize the examination of the rationale for amalgamation, the systemic benefits arising from it and the advantages accruing to the merged entity. With
respect to a merger between two private sector banks, the guidelines require the draft scheme of amalgamation to be approved by the shareholders of both banks with a two-thirds majority after approval by the boards of directors of the two banks concerned. The draft scheme should also consider the impact of amalgamation on the valuation, profitability and capital adequacy ratio of the amalgamating bank and verify that the reconstituted board conforms to the Reserve Bank of India norms. The approved scheme needs to be submitted to the Reserve Bank of India for valuation and sanction in accordance with the Banking Regulation Act, along with other documentation such as the draft document of proposed merger, copies of all relevant notices and certificates, swap ratio, share prices, etc. With respect to a merger of a bank and a non-banking company, the guidelines specify that the non-banking finance company has to comply with Know Your Customer norms for all accounts and all relevant norms issued by the Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India. The non-banking finance company should also conform to insider trading norms issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, whether it is listed or not, in order to regulate the promoter’s trading of shares before and after the amalgamation discussion period.
Credit Information Bureaus
The Parliament of India has enacted the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005, pursuant to which every credit institution, including a bank, has to become a member of a credit information bureau and furnish to it such credit information as may be required of the credit institution by the credit information bureau about persons who enjoy a credit relationship with it. Other credit institutions, credit information bureaus and such other persons as the Reserve Bank of India specifies may access such disclosed credit information.
Deposit Insurance
Demand and time deposits of up to Rs. 100,000 (US$ 2,499) accepted by Indian banks have to be mandatorily insured with the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India. Banks are required to pay the insurance premium for the eligible amount to the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation on a semi-annual basis. The cost of the insurance premium cannot be passed on to the customer.
Statutes Governing Foreign Exchange and Cross-Border Business Transactions
Foreign exchange and cross border transactions undertaken by banks are subject to the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act. We monitor transactions of customers based on pre-defined rules using a risk-based approach. The transaction monitoring system envisages identification of unusual transactions, undertaking due diligence on such transactions and, if confirmed as suspicious, reporting to the financial intelligence unit of the respective jurisdiction. Our transaction monitoring system is periodically reviewed and is being supplemented with appropriate anti-money laundering software technology solutions.
The Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on External Commercial Borrowings via its Master Circular in July 2005, which stated that no financial intermediary, including banks, will be permitted to raise such borrowings or provide guarantees in favor of overseas lenders for such borrowings. Eligible borrowers may raise such borrowings to finance the import of equipment and to meet foreign exchange needs of infrastructure projects. In a guideline dated August 1, 2005 the Reserve Bank of India announced that external commercial borrowing proceeds can be utilized for overseas direct investment in joint ventures/wholly owned subsidiaries subject to the existing guidelines on Indian Direct Investment in joint ventures/wholly owned subsidiaries abroad. Further utilization of external commercial borrowing proceeds is not permitted for lending, capital market investments or acquisitions in India or real estate investments (including integrated townships). In May 2007, the Reserve Bank of India decided to reduce the all-in-cost ceilings for External Commercial Borrowings from LIBOR plus 350 basis points to LIBOR plus 250 basis points (for External Commercial Borrowings with an average maturity period of over five years).
In March 2006, in view of enhanced stability in India’s external and financial sectors and increased integration of the financial sector in the global economy, the Reserve Bank of India constituted a Committee to set out a roadmap towards fuller capital account convertibility. The Committee has submitted its report in July 2006.
In October 2006, the Reserve Bank of India proposed to allow banks to borrow funds from their overseas branches and correspondent banks (including borrowings for financing export credit, External Commercial
Borrowings and overdrafts from their Head Office/Nostro account) up to a limit of 50.0% of unimpaired Tier I capital or US$ 10 million, whichever is higher, as against the earlier overall limit of 25.0% (excluding borrowings for financing export credit). However, short-term borrowings up to a period of one year or less should not exceed 20.0% of unimpaired Tier I capital within the overall limit of 50.0%. Capital funds raised by issue of innovative perpetual debt instruments and other overseas borrowings with the specific approval of the Reserve Bank of India would continue to be outside the limit of 50.0%. In April 2007, the Reserve Bank of India issued a circular deferring the implementation of the above guidelines till further notice. In August 2007, the Reserve Bank of India decided to modulate capital inflows coming in through external commercial borrowings. External commercial borrowings of more than US$ 20 million per company are now permitted only for foreign currency expenditure. In addition, external commercial borrowings of more than US$ 20 million need to be parked overseas until there is an actual requirement of funds. For rupee expenditure, external commercial borrowings are permitted only up to US$ 20 million with the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India.
In May 2008, the Reserve Bank of India enhanced the external commercial borrowings limit from US$ 20 million to US$ 50 million for incurring rupee expenditure for permissible end uses. The Reserve Bank of India also permitted companies in the infrastructure sector to raise up to US$ 100 million through external commercial borrowings. Additionally, the all-in-cost ceilings for external commercial borrowings for borrowings have been enhanced. For borrowings with average maturity of three to five years, the all-in-cost ceiling over six-month LIBOR has been raised from 150 basis points to 200 basis points. Further the Reserve Bank of India decided to enhance the all-in-cost ceilings for External Commercial Borrowings from LIBOR plus 150 basis points to LIBOR plus 200 basis points (for External Commercial Borrowings with an average maturity period of up to five years) and from LIBOR plus 250 basis points to 350 basis points in the case of borrowings with a maturity period of over five years. In June 2008, the Reserve Bank of India permitted service sector companies, belonging to the hotels, hospitals and software sectors to avail external commercial borrowing up to US$ 100 million per financial year for import of capital goods under the automatic approval route. In September 2008, the Reserve Bank of India further enhanced the limit on external commercial borrowings for infrastructure companies to US$ 500 million while mandating borrowings above US$ 100 million to have a minimum average maturity of seven years. For borrowings with an average maturity more than seven years, the all-in-cost ceiling over six-month LIBOR has been raised from 350 basis points to 450 basis points.
Legal Reserve Requirements
Cash Reserve Ratio
A bank is required to maintain a specified percentage of its net demand and time liabilities, excluding inter-bank deposits, by way of cash reserve with itself and by way of balance in current account with the Reserve Bank of India. Following the enactment of the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Bill 2006, the floor and ceiling rates (earlier 3.0% and 20.0% respectively) on the cash reserve ratio were removed.
The following liabilities are excluded from the calculation of the demand and time liabilities to determine the cash reserve ratio:
| · | liabilities to primary dealers; |
| · | refinancing from the Reserve Bank of India and other institutions permitted to offer refinancing to banks; and |
| · | perpetual debt qualifying for lower Tier I capital treatment. |
The cash reserve ratio is 8.75% effective July 19, 2008. The Reserve Bank of India has further increased the cash reserve ratio to 9.0% effective August 30, 2008. Effective April 13, 2007 the Reserve Bank of India does not pay any interest on cash reserve ratio balances.
The cash reserve ratio has to be maintained on an average basis for a fortnightly period and should not be below 70.0% of the required cash reserve ratio on any day of the fortnight.
Statutory Liquidity Ratio
In addition to the cash reserve ratio, a bank is required to maintain a specified percentage of its net demand and time liabilities by way of liquid assets like cash, gold or approved unencumbered securities. The percentage of this statutory liquidity ratio is fixed by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time. This was previously subject to a minimum of 25.0% and a maximum of 40.0% pursuant to section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act. The Indian Parliament has approved amendments to the Banking Regulation Act removing the minimum statutory liquidity ratio requirement and giving the Reserve Bank of India the ability to set the minimum statutory liquidity ratio without any floor. At present, the Reserve Bank of India requires banking companies to maintain a liquidity ratio of 25.0%. See also “Overview of the Indian Financial Sector—Recent Structural Reforms—Proposed Amendments to the Banking Regulation Act..
Requirements of the Banking Regulation Act
Prohibited Business
The Banking Regulation Act specifies the business activities in which a bank may engage. Banks are prohibited from engaging in business activities other than the specified activities.
Reserve Fund
Any bank incorporated in India is required to create a reserve fund to which it must transfer not less than 25.0% of the profits of each year before dividends. If there is an appropriation from this account, the bank is required to report the same to the Reserve Bank of India within 21 days, explaining the circumstances leading to such appropriation. The government of India may, on the recommendation of the Reserve Bank of India, exempt a bank from requirements relating to its reserve fund.
Payment of Dividend
Pursuant to the provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, a bank can pay dividends on its shares only after all its capitalized expenses (including preliminary expenses, share selling commission, brokerage, amounts of losses and any other item of expenditure not represented by tangible assets) have been completely written off. The Indian government may exempt banks from this provision by issuing a notification on the recommendation of the Reserve Bank of India. ICICI Bank has been exempted from this provision in respect of expenses relating to the Early Retirement Option offered by ICICI Bank in fiscal 2004. ICICI Bank has obtained permission from the Reserve Bank of India to write off these expenses over a five-year period in our Indian GAAP accounts. Further, the payment of the dividend by banks is subject to the eligibility criteria specified by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time.
Restriction on Share Capital and Voting Rights
Banks can issue only ordinary shares. The Banking Regulation Act currently specifies that no shareholder in a banking company can exercise voting rights on poll in excess of 10.0% of total voting rights of all the shareholders of the banking company.
Only banks incorporated before January 15, 1937 can issue preference shares. Prior to the amalgamation, ICICI had preference share capital of Rs. 3.5 billion (US$ 87 million) redeemable in 2018. The government of India, on the recommendation of the Reserve Bank of India, had granted an exemption to ICICI Bank which allows the inclusion of preference capital in the capital structure of ICICI Bank for a period of five years. ICICI Bank has sought extension of this exemption.
Legislation has been introduced in the Indian parliament to amend the Banking Regulation Act to remove the limit of 10.0% on the maximum voting power exercisable by a shareholder in a banking company and allow banks to issue redeemable and non-redeemable preference shares. See also “Overview of the Indian Financial Sector—Recent Structural Reforms—Proposed Amendments to the Banking Regulation Act.”
Restrictions on Investments in a Single Company
No bank may hold shares, as a pledgee, mortgagee or absolute owner in any company other than a subsidiary, exceeding 30.0% of the paid up share capital of that company or 30.0% of its own paid up share capital and reserves, whichever is less.
Regulatory Reporting and Examination Procedures
The Reserve Bank of India is empowered under the Banking Regulation Act to inspect a bank. The Reserve Bank of India monitors prudential parameters at quarterly intervals. To this end and to enable off-site monitoring and surveillance by the Reserve Bank of India, banks are required to report to the Reserve Bank of India on aspects such as:
| · | assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet exposures; |
| · | the risk weighting of these exposures, the capital base and the capital adequacy ratio; |
| · | the unaudited operating results for each quarter; |
| · | concentration of exposures; |
| · | connected and related lending and the profile of ownership, control and management; and |
| · | other prudential parameters. |
The Reserve Bank of India also conducts periodical on-site inspections on matters relating to the bank’s portfolio, risk management systems, internal controls, credit allocation and regulatory compliance, at intervals ranging from one to three years. ICICI Bank has been and, at present is, subject to the on-site inspection by the Reserve Bank of India at yearly intervals. The inspection report, along with the report on actions taken by ICICI Bank, has to be placed before our board of directors. On approval by our board of directors, we are required to submit the report on actions taken by ICICI Bank to the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank of India also discusses the report with the management team including the Managing Director & CEO.
The Reserve Bank of India also conducts on-site supervision of selected branches with respect to their general operations and foreign exchange related transactions.
Appointment and Remuneration of the Chairman, Managing Director and Other Directors
ICICI Bank is required to obtain prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India before it appoints its chairman and managing director and any other whole time directors and fixes their remuneration. The Reserve Bank of India is empowered to remove an appointee to the posts of chairman, managing director and whole time directors on the grounds of public interest, interest of depositors or to ensure the proper management of ICICI bank. Further, the Reserve Bank of India may order meetings of our board of directors to discuss any matter in relation to ICICI Bank appoint observers to such meetings and in general may make such changes to the management as it may deem necessary and may also order the convening of a general meeting of its shareholders to elect new directors. ICICI Bank cannot appoint as a director any person who is a director of another banking company. In July 2004, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines on ‘fit and proper’ criteria for directors of banks.
Penalties
The Reserve Bank of India may impose penalties on banks and its employees in case of infringement of regulations under the Banking Regulation Act. The penalty may be a fixed amount or may be related to the amount involved in any contravention of the regulations. The penalty may also include imprisonment. A press release has been issued by the Reserve Bank of India giving details of the circumstances under which the penalty is imposed on the bank along with the communication on the imposition of the penalty in public domain. The banks are also required to disclose the penalty in their annual report. In April 2008, the Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for banks engaging recovery agents. Under these guidelines, the Reserve Bank of India may ban banks from engaging recovery agents in a particular area, either jurisdictional or functional, for a limited period, in case of complaints received by the reserve bank regarding violation of the above guidelines and adoption of abusive practices followed by banks’ recovery agents. In case of persistent breach of above guidelines, the Reserve Bank of India may consider extending the period of ban or the area of ban. Similar supervisory action could be attracted when the High Courts or the Supreme Court pass strictures or impose penalties against any bank or its Directors/ Officers/ agents with regard to policy, practice and procedure related to the recovery process.
Assets to be Maintained in India
Every bank is required to ensure that its assets in India (including import-export bills drawn in India and Reserve Bank of India approved securities, even if the bills and the securities are held outside India) are not less than 75.0% of its demand and time liabilities in India.
Restriction on Creation of Floating Charge
Prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India is required for creating floating charge on ICICI Bank’s undertaking or property. Currently, all ICICI Bank borrowings including bonds are unsecured.
Maintenance of Records
ICICI Bank is required to maintain books, records and registers. The Banking Regulation Act specifically requires banks to maintain books and records in a particular manner and file the same with the Registrar of Companies on a periodic basis. The provisions for production of documents and availability of records for inspection by shareholders as stipulated under the Companies Act and the rules thereunder would apply to ICICI Bank as in the case of any company. The Know Your Customer Guidelines framed by the Reserve Bank of India also provide for certain records to be maintained for a minimum period of five years. As per the Prevention of Money Laundering Act records are to be preserved for 10 years from the cessation of a relationship between a customer and a bank.
Secrecy Obligations
ICICI Bank’s obligations relating to maintaining secrecy arise out of common law principles governing its relationship with its customers. ICICI Bank cannot disclose any information to third parties except under clearly defined circumstances. The following are the exceptions to this general rule:
| · | where disclosure is required to be made under any law; |
| · | where there is an obligation to disclose to the public; |
| · | where ICICI Bank need to disclose information in its interest; and |
| · | where disclosure is made with the express or implied consent of the customer. |
ICICI Bank is also required to disclose information if ordered to do so by a court. The Reserve Bank of India may, in the public interest, publish the information obtained from the bank. Under the provisions of the Banker’s Books Evidence Act, a copy of any entry in a bankers’ book, such as ledgers, day books, cash books and account
books certified by an officer of the bank may be treated as prima facie evidence of the transaction in any legal proceedings.
Regulations governing Offshore Banking Units
The government and the Reserve Bank of India have permitted banks to set up Offshore Banking Units in Special Economic Zones, which are specially delineated duty free enclaves deemed to be foreign territory for the purpose of trade operations, duties and tariffs. ICICI Bank has an Offshore Banking Unit located in the Santacruz Electronic Exports Promotion Zone, Mumbai. The key regulations applicable to offshore bank units include, but are not limited to, the following:
| · | No separate assigned capital is required. However, the parent bank is required to provide a minimum of US$ 10 million to its offshore banking unit. |
| · | Offshore Banking Units are exempt from cash reserve ratio requirements. |
| · | The Reserve Bank of India may exempt a bank’s offshore banking unit from statutory liquidity ratio requirements on specific application by the bank. |
| · | An offshore banking unit may not enter into any transactions in foreign exchange with residents in India, unless such a person is eligible to enter into or undertake such transactions under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. |
| · | All prudential norms applicable to overseas branches of Indian banks apply to Offshore Banking Units. |
| · | Offshore banking units are required to adopt liquidity and interest rate risk management policies prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India in respect of overseas branches of Indian banks as well as within the overall risk management and asset and liability management framework of the bank subject to monitoring by the bank’s board of directors at prescribed intervals. Further, the bank’s board would be required to set comprehensive overnight limits for each currency for these branches, which would be separate from the open position limit of the parent bank. |
| · | Offshore banking units may raise funds in convertible foreign currency as deposits and borrowings from non-residents including non-resident Indians but excluding overseas corporate bodies. |
| · | Offshore banking units may operate and maintain balance sheets only in foreign currency. |
| · | The loans and advances of Offshore Banking Units would not be reckoned as net bank credit for computing priority sector lending obligations. |
| · | Offshore banking units must follow the Know Your Customer guidelines and must be able to establish the identity and address of the participants in a transaction, the legal capacity of the participants and the identity of the beneficial owner of the funds. |
The Special Economic Zone Act 2005 permitted Offshore Banking Units to additionally undertake the following activities:
| · | Lend outside India and take part in international syndications/consortiums at par with foreign offices. |
| · | Invest in foreign currency denominated debt of Indian units. |
| · | Extend facilities to subsidiaries/units of Indian entities, located outside India. |
Regulations and Guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Board of India
The Securities and Exchange Board of India was established to protect the interests of public investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate, the Indian securities market. ICICI Bank and its subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to the Securities and Exchange Board of India regulations for public capital issuances, as well as underwriting, custodial, depositary participant, investment banking, registrar and transfer agents, brokering, asset management and debenture trusteeship activities. These regulations provide for its registration with the Securities and Exchange Board of India for each of these activities, functions and responsibilities. ICICI Bank and its subsidiaries are required to adhere to codes of conduct applicable for these activities.
Special Status of Banks in India
The special status of banks is recognized under various statutes including the Sick Industrial Companies Act, 1985, Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993, and the Securitization Act. As a bank, ICICI Bank is entitled to certain benefits under various statutes including the following:
| · | The Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 provides for establishment of Debt Recovery Tribunals for expeditious adjudication and recovery of debts due to any bank or Public Financial Institution or to a consortium of banks and Public Financial Institutions. Under this Act, the procedures for recoveries of debt have been simplified and time frames have been fixed for speedy disposal of cases. Upon establishment of the Debt Recovery Tribunal, no court or other authority can exercise jurisdiction in relation to matters covered by this Act, except the higher courts in India in certain circumstances. |
| · | The Sick Industrial Companies Act, 1985, provides for reference of sick industrial companies to the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction. Under the Act, other than the board of directors of a company, a scheduled bank (where it has an interest in the sick industrial company by any financial assistance or obligation, rendered by it or undertaken by it) may refer the company to the BIFR. |
| · | The Securitization Act focuses on improving the rights of banks and financial institutions and other specified secured creditors as well as asset reconstruction companies by providing that such secured creditors can take over management control of a borrower company upon default and/or sell assets without the intervention of courts, in accordance with the provisions of the Securitization Act. |
Income Tax Benefits
As a banking company, we are entitled to certain tax benefits under the Indian Income-Tax Act including the following:
| · | ICICI Bank is allowed a deduction of up to 20% of the profits derived from the business of providing long-term financing (defined as loans and advances extended for a period of not less than five years) computed in the manner specified under the Indian Income-Tax Act and carried to a Special Reserve account. The deduction is allowed subject to the aggregate of the amounts transferred to the Special Reserve Account for this purpose from time to time not exceeding twice our paid-up share capital and general reserves. The amount withdrawn from such a Special Reserve Account would be chargeable to income tax in the year of withdrawal, in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act. |
| · | ICICI Bank is entitled to a tax deduction on the provisioning towards bad and doubtful debts equal to 7.5% of its total business income, computed before making any deductions permitted pursuant to Chapter VIA of the Indian Income-tax Act, and to the extent of 10.0% of the aggregate average advances made by ICICI Bank’s rural branches computed in the manner prescribed. ICICI Bank has the option of claiming a deduction in excess of the specified limits, for an amount not exceeding the income derived from redemption of securities in accordance with the scheme framed by the central government. |
| · | ICICI Bank is entitled to a tax deduction, for income from an offshore banking unit in a special economic zone, at the rate of 100% for a period of five consecutive years beginning with the year in which permission under Banking Regulation Act, 1949 is obtained, i.e., up to March 31, 2008 for an Offshore Banking Unit in Santacruz Electronic Exports Promotion Zone, Mumbai and 50% deduction for a period of five consecutive years thereafter in accordance with and subject to the conditions prescribed therein. |
| · | Subject to application for and receipt of certain approvals, ICICI Bank is eligible to issue tax saving bonds approved in accordance with and subject to the provisions of the Indian Income-tax Act and is also eligible to issue zero coupon bonds in accordance with the applicable guidelines. |
| · | For income tax purposes, ICICI Bank’s bonds are prescribed modes of investing and depositing surplus money by charitable and religious trusts subject to and in accordance with the provisions contained therein. |
Regulations governing Insurance Companies
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company, the subsidiaries of ICICI Bank offering life insurance and non-life insurance respectively, are subject to the provisions of the Insurance Act, 1938 and the various regulations prescribed by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority. These regulations regulate and govern, among other things, registration as an insurance company, investment, solvency margin requirements, licensing of insurance agents, advertising, sale and distribution of insurance products and services and protection of policyholders’ interests. In May 2002, the Indian Parliament approved the Insurance (Amendment) Act 2002, which facilitates the appointment of corporate agents by insurance companies and prohibits intermediaries and brokers from operating as surrogate insurance agents. The Indian government, while presenting its budget for fiscal 2005, has proposed an increase in the limit on foreign equity participation in private sector insurance companies from 26.0% to 49.0%. However, this would require an amendment to the insurance laws and the foreign direct investment policy and has not yet been implemented.
Regulations governing International Operations
Our international operations are governed by regulations in the countries in which the Bank has a presence.
Overseas Banking Subsidiaries
Our wholly-owned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, ICICI Bank UK PLC is authorized and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA), which granted our application under Part IV of the Financial Services and Markets Act, 2000. The United Kingdom subsidiary has established a branch in Antwerp, Belgium under the European Union Passporting arrangements and has also recently opened a branch in Frankfurt, Germany. Our wholly owned subsidiary in Canada, ICICI Bank Canada (a Schedule II Bank in Canada), is regulated by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, which provided it with an Order to Commence and Carry On Business, on November 25, 2003. ICICI Bank Canada’s wholly owned subsidiary, ICICI Wealth Management Inc., is regulated by the Ontario Securities Commission, which licensed it as a Limited Market Dealer, on March 2, 2007. Our wholly-owned subsidiary in Russia, ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC, is regulated by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
Offshore Branches
In Singapore, we have an offshore branch, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The Singapore branch is allowed to accept foreign currency deposits from Singapore non-bank-residents whose initial deposit is not less than US$ 100,000. The Singapore branch is currently engaged in corporate & institutional banking, private banking and treasury related activities. In Bahrain, we have an offshore branch, regulated by the Central Bank of Bahrain. The Bahrain branch is permitted to transact banking business with approved financial institutions within Bahrain, individuals or institutions outside Bahrain. It is also permitted to offer banking services to non-resident Indians in Bahrain. Our branch in Hong Kong is regulated by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and is permitted to undertake banking business in that jurisdiction with certain restrictions. Our branch in Sri Lanka is regulated by
the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Our branch in the Dubai is regulated by the Dubai International Financial Services Authority and is licensed to engage in the arrangement of credit or investment and to provide advice on financial products and services. In addition we also have an Offshore Banking Unit located in the Santacruz Electronic Exports Promotion Zone, Mumbai. The Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority regulates our branch in Qatar. Our branch in New York is regulated by the State of New York Banking Department, the Federal Reserve Board and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).
Representative Offices
Our representative office in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates is regulated by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates. Our representative office in Shanghai, China is regulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The representative office in Bangladesh is regulated by the Bangladesh Bank. Our representative office in South Africa is regulated by the South African Reserve Bank. Our representative office in Malaysia is regulated by Bank Negara Malaysia. Our representative office in Indonesia is regulated by Bank Indonesia. Bank of Thailand regulates our representative office in Thailand.
Restrictions on Conversion of Rupees
There are restrictions on the conversion of rupees into dollars. Before February 29, 1992, the Reserve Bank of India determined the official value of the rupee in relation to a weighted basket of currencies of India’s major trading partners. In the February 1992 budget, a new dual exchange rate mechanism was introduced by allowing conversion of 60.0% of the foreign exchange received on trade or current account at a market-determined rate and the remaining 40.0% at the official rate. All importers were, however, required to buy foreign exchange at the market rate except for certain specified priority imports. In March 1993, the exchange rate was unified and allowed to float. In February 1994 and again in August 1994, the Reserve Bank of India announced relaxations in payment restrictions in case of a number of transactions. Since August 1994, the government of India has substantially complied with its obligations owed to the International Monetary Fund, under which India is committed to refrain from using exchange restrictions on current international transactions as an instrument in managing the balance of payments. Effective July 1995, the process of current account convertibility was advanced by relaxing restrictions on foreign exchange for various purposes, such as foreign travel and medical treatment.
In December 1999, the Indian Parliament passed the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, which became effective on June 1, 2000, replacing the earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973. This legislation indicated a major shift in the policy of the government with regard to foreign exchange management in India. While the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 was aimed at the conservation of foreign exchange and its utilization for the economic development of the country, the objective of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 was to facilitate external trade and promote the orderly development and maintenance of the foreign exchange market in India.
The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 regulates transactions involving foreign exchange and provides that certain transactions cannot be carried out without the general or special permission of the Reserve Bank of India. The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 has substantially eased restrictions on current account transactions (with a few exceptions). However, the Reserve Bank of India continues to exercise control over capital account transactions (i.e., those which alter the assets or liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of persons). The Reserve Bank of India has issued regulations under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 to regulate the various kinds of capital account transactions, including certain aspects of the purchase and issuance of shares of Indian companies. The Reserve Bank of India has also permitted authorized dealers to freely allow remittances up to US$ 200,000 per financial year for any permissible current or capital account transactions or a combination of both.
Restrictions on Sale of the Equity Shares underlying the ADSs and Repatriation of Sale Proceeds
ADSs issued by Indian companies to non-residents have free transferability outside India. Under current Indian regulations and practice, approval of the Reserve Bank of India is not required for the sale of equity shares underlying the ADSs by a non-resident of India to a resident of India if the sale has been executed on a recognized stock exchange in India through a registered broker at the prevailing market price. Approval of the Reserve Bank of India is not required for a sale of shares of a company other than a company in the financial services sector (banks, non-bank finance companies and insurance companies) and certain other specified sectors, even if the transfer is other than on a recognized stock exchange in India or through a registered broker, as long as conditions prescribed in the Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines are complied with. The same applies to a renunciation of rights to a resident of India. Foreign institutional investors registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India are eligible to purchase shares of an Indian company under the Portfolio Investment Scheme. Certain limits are however prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India for investment through the Portfolio Investment Scheme. Approval of the Reserve Bank of India is not required for a sale of shares under the Portfolio Investment Scheme prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India provided the sale is made on a recognized stock exchange and through a registered stock broker.
If a sale of securities has taken place in terms of the Reserve Bank of India guidelines and other applicable regulations, as briefly described in the previous paragraph, then provided (i) the securities were held on repatriation basis, (ii) the shares have been sold on a recognized stock exchange in India through a stock broker at the ruling market price as determined on the floor of the exchange and (iii) a no objection/tax clearance certificate from
income tax authority has been obtained, the sale proceeds may be freely remitted. If a sale was made pursuant to specific approval of Reserve Bank of India then sale proceeds can be remitted as per the terms of such an approval. If the equity shares underlying the ADSs are sold under the portfolio investment scheme then the sale proceeds may be remitted through an authorized dealer, without the approval of the Reserve Bank of India provided that the equity shares are sold on a recognized stock exchange through a registered stock broker and a no objection/tax clearance certificate from the income-tax authority has been produced.
After the announcement of India’s budget for fiscal 2002, the Reserve Bank of India issued certain notifications for the liberalization of the capital account. Pursuant to the notifications, in contrast to prior regulations, two-way fungibility in ADS/GDR issues of Indian companies was introduced, subject to sectoral caps, wherever applicable.
The Reserve Bank of India has issued a notification under the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 permitting a registered broker in India to purchase shares of any Indian company on behalf of a person resident outside India, for the purpose of converting the shares so purchased into ADSs provided that:
· the shares are purchased on a recognized stock exchange;
| · | the Indian company has issued ADSs; |
| · | the shares are purchased with the permission of the custodian of the ADSs of the concerned Indian company and are deposited with the custodian; |
| · | the number of shares so purchased shall not exceed the number of ADSs converted into underlying shares and shall be subject to sectoral caps as applicable; and |
| · | the non-resident investor, broker, custodian and the overseas depositary comply with the provisions of the Scheme for Issue of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (through Depositary Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993 and the guidelines issued there under by the government of India from time to time. |
On November 23, 2002, the government of India’s Ministry of Finance issued Operative Guidelines for Disinvestment of Shares by the Indian Companies in the Overseas Market through the Issue of ADSs. Under these guidelines, the shareholders may divest their holdings in the overseas market through the mechanism of a sponsored ADS issue by the Indian company. The holdings which may be divested are holdings in Indian companies which are listed either in India or on an overseas exchange. The divestment process is initiated when the Indian company whose shares are being offered for divestment in the overseas market sponsors an ADS issue against the block of existing shares offered by the shareholders under these guidelines. Such ADS issues against existing shares offered for divestment must also comply with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeover) Regulations, 1997, if the ADSs are cancelled and the underlying shares are to be registered with the company. Such divestment would result in foreign equity investment and would also need to conform to the foreign direct investment sectoral policy. All mandatory approvals including those under the Companies Act, 1956 and the approval of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board for foreign equity induction through the offer of existing shares would have to be obtained.
The Reserve Bank of India has permitted Indian companies to retain abroad for any period, the funds raised through an issue of ADSs (except funds rose under a sponsored issue of ADSs), in order to meet their future foreign exchange requirement. Further, pending repatriation or utilization, the Indian company may invest the foreign currency funds raised in:
| · | deposits or certificates of deposit or other products offered by banks who have been rated not less than AA(-) by Standard and Poor’s Ratings Service/Fitch IBCA or Aa3 by Moody’s Investors Service; and such rating not being less than the applicable rating stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time. |
· deposits with an overseas branch of an authorized dealer in India; and
· treasury bills and other monetary instruments with a maturity or unexpired maturity of one-year or less.
The Reserve Bank of India permits resident shareholders of Indian companies who offer their shares for conversion to ADSs to receive the sale proceeds in foreign currency. However, the conversion to such ADSs must have the approval of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board. Further, the sale proceeds received by residents are permitted to be credited to their Exchange Earners’ Foreign Currency/Resident Foreign Currency (Domestic) accounts or to their rupee accounts in India at their option.
Equity Shares
Our outstanding equity shares are currently listed and traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange or the BSE and on the National Stock Exchange of India Limited or the NSE.
At September 5, 2008 1,113,180,140 equity shares were outstanding. The prices for equity shares as quoted in the official list of each of the Indian stock exchanges are in Indian rupees.
The following table shows:
| · | the reported high and low closing prices quoted in rupees for our equity shares on the NSE; and |
| · | the reported high and low closing prices for our equity shares, translated into US dollars, based on the noon buying rate on the last business day of each period presented. |
| | Price per equity share(1) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Annual prices: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fiscal 2004 | | Rs. | 348.25 | | | Rs. | 120.80 | | | US$ | 8.68 | | | US$ | 3.01 | |
Fiscal 2005 | | | 413.05 | | | | 230.40 | | | | 10.30 | | | | 5.74 | |
Fiscal 2006 | | | 628.75 | | | | 359.95 | | | | 15.67 | | | | 8.97 | |
Fiscal 2007 | | | 999.70 | | | | 451.20 | | | | 24.92 | | | | 11.25 | |
Fiscal 2008 | | | 1,435.00 | | | | 759.95 | | | | 35.77 | | | | 18.94 | |
Quarterly prices: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fiscal 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | Rs. | 662.55 | | | Rs. | 451.20 | | | US$ | 16.51 | | | US$ | 11.25 | |
Second Quarter | | | 708.80 | | | | 467.75 | | | | 17.67 | | | | 11.66 | |
Third Quarter | | | 903.20 | | | | 687.00 | | | | 22.51 | | | | 17.12 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 999.70 | | | | 810.00 | | | | 24.92 | | | | 20.19 | |
Fiscal 2008: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | Rs. | 962.90 | | | Rs. | 803.95 | | | US$ | 23.99 | | | US$ | 20.03 | |
Second Quarter | | | 1,062.40 | | | | 824.70 | | | | 26.48 | | | | 20.56 | |
Third Quarter | | | 1,333.40 | | | | 1,021.20 | | | | 33.23 | | | | 25.45 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 1,435.00 | | | | 759.95 | | | | 35.77 | | | | 18.94 | |
Fiscal 2009 (through September 19, 2008): | | | 942.85 | | | | 519.75 | | | | 23.50 | | | | 18.89 | |
Monthly prices: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 2007 | | Rs. | 1,314.30 | | | Rs. | 1,137.70 | | | US$ | 32.75 | | | US$ | 28.35 | |
January 2008 | | | 1,435.00 | | | | 1,124.95 | | | | 35.77 | | | | 28.04 | |
February 2008 | | | 1,220.20 | | | | 1,033.85 | | | | 30.41 | | | | 25.77 | |
March 2008 | | | 1,024.60 | | | | 759.95 | | | | 25.54 | | | | 18.94 | |
April 2008 | | | 915.65 | | | | 757.75 | | | | 22.82 | | | | 18.89 | |
May 2008 | | | 942.85 | | | | 788.60 | | | | 23.50 | | | | 19.66 | |
June 2008 | | | 820.65 | | | | 630.20 | | | | 20.51 | | | | 15.75 | |
July 2008 | | | 738.70 | | | | 519.75 | | | | 18.46 | | | | 12.99 | |
August 2008 | | | 771.15 | | | | 632.55 | | | | 19.27 | | | | 15.81 | |
September 2008 (through September 19, 2008) | | | 720.45 | | | | 560.05 | | | | 18.00 | | | | 13.99 | |
(1) | Data from the NSE. The prices quoted on the BSE may be different. |
At September 19, 2008 the closing price of equity shares on the NSE was Rs. 627.50 equivalent to US$ 15.68 per equity share (US$ 31.36 per ADS on an imputed basis) translated at the noon buying rate of Rs. 40.02 per US$ 1.00 on March 31, 2008.
At March 31, 2008, there were approximately 746,666 holders of record of our equity shares, of which 191 had registered addresses in the United States and held an aggregate of approximately 57,998 equity shares.
ADSs
Our ADSs, each representing two equity shares, were originally issued in March 2000 in a public offering and are listed and trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol IBN. The equity shares underlying the ADSs are listed on the BSE and the NSE.
At March 31, 2008, ICICI Bank had approximately 159 million ADSs, equivalent to 318 million equity shares, outstanding. At this date, there were 143 record holders of ICICI Bank’s ADSs, out of which 136 have registered addresses in the United States.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing prices on the New York Stock Exchange for our outstanding ADSs traded under the symbol IBN.
| | | |
| | | | | | |
Annual prices: | | | | | | |
Fiscal 2004 | | | 18.33 | | | | 5.27 | |
Fiscal 2005 | | | 22.65 | | | | 11.25 | |
Fiscal 2006 | | | 32.26 | | | | 18.08 | |
Fiscal 2007 | | | 46.74 | | | | 21.25 | |
Fiscal 2008 | | | 72.88 | | | | 35.16 | |
Quarterly prices: | | | | | | | | |
Fiscal 2007: | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | US$ | 30.27 | | | US$ | 22.49 | |
Second Quarter | | | 30.71 | | | | 21.25 | |
Third Quarter | | | 42.45 | | | | 30.17 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 46.74 | | | | 36.54 | |
Fiscal 2008: | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | US$ | 49.69 | | | US$ | 36.53 | |
Second Quarter | | | 53.23 | | | | 38.03 | |
Third Quarter | | | 69.44 | | | | 52.43 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 72.88 | | | | 35.16 | |
Fiscal 2009 (through September 19, 2008): | | | 47.20 | | | | 34.96 | |
Monthly prices: | | | | | | | | |
December 2007 | | US$ | 64.71 | | | US$ | 56.90 | |
January 2008 | | | 72.88 | | | | 59.06 | |
February 2008 | | | 62.26 | | | | 51.84 | |
March 2008 | | | 50.28 | | | | 35.16 | |
April 2008 | | | 47.20 | | | | 38.21 | |
May 2008 | | | 46.90 | | | | 37.71 | |
June 2008 | | | 37.33 | | | | 28.76 | |
July 2008 | | | 36.82 | | | | 24.42 | |
August 2008 | | | 35.67 | | | | 29.35 | |
September 2008 (through September 19, 2008) | | | 32.53 | | | | 23.27 | |
See also “Risk Factors –– Risks relating to the ADSs and Equity Shares –– Conditions in the Indian securities market may adversely affect the price or liquidity of our equity shares and ADSs.”
India strictly regulates ownership of Indian companies by foreigners. Foreign investment in Indian securities, including the equity shares represented by the ADSs, is generally regulated by the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, which permits transactions involving the inflow or outflow of foreign exchange and empowers the Reserve Bank of India to prohibit or regulate such transactions.
The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 regulates transactions involving foreign exchange and provides that certain transactions cannot be carried out without the general or special permission of the Reserve Bank of India or the Foreign Investment Promotion Board of the government of India. The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 has eased restrictions on current account transactions. However, the Reserve Bank of India continues to exercise control over capital account transactions (i.e., those which alter the assets or liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of persons). The Reserve Bank of India has issued regulations under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 to regulate the various kinds of capital account transactions, including certain aspects of the purchase and issuance of shares of Indian companies.
Under the foreign investment rules, the following are the restrictions on foreign ownership applicable to us:
| · | Foreign investors may own up to 74.0% of our equity share capital subject to conformity with guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time. This limit is under the automatic route and does not require specific approval of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board. It includes investments by way of foreign direct investment, ADSs, Global Depositary Receipts and investment under the Portfolio Investment Scheme by foreign institutional investors and also non-resident Indians, and also includes shares acquired by subscription to private placements and public offerings and acquisition of shares from existing shareholders. At least 26% of the paid up equity capital would have to be held by residents. The Reserve Bank of India released its roadmap for foreign banks in India. The roadmap is divided in to two phases. During the first phase, between March 2005 and March 2009, foreign banks will be allowed to acquire a controlling stake in a phased manner only in private sector banks that are identified by the Reserve Bank of India for restructuring. The second phase will commence in April 2009 after a review of the experience gained and after due consultation with all the stakeholders in the banking sector. For new and existing foreign banks, it has been proposed to go beyond the existing commitment to the World Trade Organization of allowing an increase of 12 branches per year. A more liberal policy will be followed for under-banked areas. |
| · | Indian companies can raise foreign currency resources abroad through the issue of ADSs, in accordance with the Scheme for Issue of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (through Depository Receipt Mechanism), 1993 and guidelines issued by the government of India there under from time to time. The policy for External Commercial Borrowings is also applicable to FCCBs. Under the Issue of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Equity Shares (Through Depositary Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993, foreign investors may purchase ADSs, subject to the receipt of all necessary government approvals at the time the depositary receipt program is set up. The government of India announced the Issue of Foreign Currency Exchangeable Bonds Scheme, 2008 on February 15, 2008 and the policy was implemented through a Reserve Bank of India circular dated September 23, 2008 to facilitate the issue of bonds expressed in a foreign currency exchangeable into equity shares of another group company. |
| · | Under the portfolio investment scheme, foreign institutional investors, subject to registration with the Securities and Exchange Board of India, may hold in aggregate up to 24.0% of our paid-up equity capital, and 24.0% of the total paid-up value of each series of convertible debentures, within the aggregate 74.0% limit mentioned above, and this limit may be raised to 49% subject to the approval of the board of directors passing a special shareholder resolution provided that no single foreign institutional investor may own more than 10.0% of our total paid-up equity capital or 10 per cent of the paid up value of each series of convertible debentures, on behalf of itself or its sub-accounts. Our share holders have given their approval to raise this limit to 49%. The Securities and Exchange Board of India registered foreign institutional investor shall restrict allocation of its total investment between equities and debt in the Indian capital market in the ratio of 70:30. The shareholding of an individual non-resident Indian is restricted to 5.0% of our total paid-up equity capital or paid up value of each series of debentures. The |
aggregate paid-up value of the shares in a company purchased by all non-resident Indians in the aggregate is to be limited to 10% of the paid-up capital of the company or paid up value of each series of debentures and this limit may be raised to 24% by a special resolution at a general meeting of the shareholders of the company.
| · | A person residing outside India (other than non resident Indian and overseas corporate bodies) may transfer by way of sale or gift the shares or convertible debentures to any person residing outside India (including non resident Indians), subject to, the transferee is required to obtain prior permission of Secretarial for Industrial Assistance/Foreign Investment Promotion Board to acquire the shares if he has previous venture or tie-up in India through investment/technical collaboration/trade mark agreement in the same field in which the Indian company, whose shares are being transferred, is engaged. This restriction is, however, not applicable to the transfer of shares to international financial institutions such as Asian Development Bank, International Financial Corporation, Commonwealth Development Corporation, Deutsche Entwicklungs Gescelschaftand transfer of shares to Indian company engaged in information technology sector. |
| · | The Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines relating to acquisition by purchase or otherwise of equity shares of a private sector bank, if such acquisition results in any person owning or controlling 5.0% or more of the paid up equity capital of the bank, are also applicable to foreign investors investing in our shares. For more details on the Reserve Bank of India guidelines relating to acquisition by purchase or otherwise of shares of a private bank, see “Supervision and Regulation − Reserve Bank of India Regulations — Ownership Restrictions”. |
Pursuant to a circular dated November 29, 2001, the Reserve Bank of India notified that, as of that date, overseas corporate bodies are not permitted to invest under the portfolio investment scheme, though they may continue to hold investments that have already been made under the portfolio investment scheme until such time as these investments are sold on the stock exchange. Overseas corporate bodies have been derecognized as a class of investor entity in India with effect from September 16, 2003. However, requests from such entities which are incorporated and not under the adverse notice of the Reserve Bank of India or the Securities and Exchange Board of India, will be considered for under fresh investments under the Foreign Direct Investment scheme of the Reserve Bank of India with prior approval of the government of India or the Reserve Bank of India, as applicable.
An Indian company may sponsor an issue of ADSs with an overseas depositary against shares held by its shareholders at a price to be determined by the lead manager. Under this mechanism the company offers its residents a choice to submit their shares back to the company so that on the basis of such shares, ADSs can be issued abroad. The proceeds of a sponsored ADR must be repatriated to India within a period of one month. The sponsoring company must comply with the provisions of the Scheme for Issue of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (through Depositary Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993 and the guidelines issued there under by the government of India from time to time. The sponsoring company must also furnish full details of the issue in the prescribed forms to the Reserve Bank of India within 30 days from the date of closure of the issue.
We obtained the approval of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board for our ADS offering in March 2000 and sponsored an ADS offering in March 2005 which were foreign direct investments. The investments through the portfolio investment scheme in the secondary market in India by foreign institutional investors, non-resident Indians and overseas corporate bodies and investments through the foreign direct investment scheme are distinct schemes that are available concurrently. As of September 5, 2008 foreign investors owned approximately 67.1% of our equity in total, of which 28.1% was through the ADS program.
An investor in ADSs does not need to seek the specific approval from the government of India to purchase, hold or dispose of ADSs. In the ADS offerings, we obtained the approval of the government of India’s Department of Corporate Affairs and the relevant stock exchanges.
Equity shares which have been withdrawn from the depositary facility and transferred on our register of shareholders to a person other than the depositary or its nominee may be voted by that person provided the necessary procedural requirements have been met. However, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of shareholder meetings to enable you to withdraw the underlying equity shares and vote at such meetings.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a foreign institutional investor, non-resident Indian or overseas corporate body were to withdraw its equity shares from the ADS program, its investment in the equity shares would be subject to the general restrictions on foreign ownership noted above and may be subject to the portfolio investment restrictions. Secondary purchases of securities of a banking company in India by foreign direct investors or investments by non-resident Indians, overseas corporate bodies and foreign institutional investors above the ownership levels set forth above require government of India approval on a case-by-case basis. It is unclear whether similar case-by-case approvals of ownership of equity shares withdrawn from the depositary facility by foreign institutional investors, non-resident Indians and overseas corporate bodies would be required.
You will be required to make a public offer to the remaining shareholders to purchase the equity shares held by them if you withdraw your equity shares from the ADS program and your direct or indirect holding in us exceeds 15.0% of our total equity under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeover) Regulations, 1997. Such a public offer would have to be made in compliance with the provisions of the aforesaid regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India. You will also require the acknowledgement of the Reserve Bank of India for the acquisition or transfer of our shares, which will take your aggregate holding (direct and indirect, beneficial or otherwise) as an individual or a group to the equivalent of 5.0% or more of our total paid up capital. The Reserve Bank of India, while granting acknowledgement, may take into account all matters that it considers relevant to the application, including ensuring that shareholders whose aggregate holdings are above specified thresholds meet fitness and propriety tests. For more details on the Reserve Bank of India guidelines relating to acquisition by purchase or otherwise of shares of a private bank, see “Supervision and Regulation - Reserve Bank of India Regulations — Ownership Restrictions”.
ADSs issued by Indian companies to non-residents have free transferability outside India. Under current Indian regulations and practice, approval of the Reserve Bank of India is not required for the sale of equity shares underlying the ADSs by a non-resident of India to a resident of India if the sale has been executed on a recognized stock exchange in India through a registered broker at the prevailing market price. Approval of the Reserve Bank of India is also not required for a sale of shares of a company other than a company in the financial services sector (banks, non-bank finance companies and insurance companies), even if the transfer is other than on a recognized stock exchange in India or through a registered broker, as long as conditions generally prescribed by Reserve Bank of India are complied with. The same restrictions apply to a renunciation of rights to a resident of India. Approval of the Reserve Bank of India is not required for sale of shares under the portfolio investment scheme prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India provided the sale is made on a recognized stock exchange and through a registered stock broker.
Under Indian law, a company pays dividends upon a recommendation by its board of directors and approval by a majority of the shareholders at the annual general meeting of shareholders held within six months of the end of each fiscal year. The shareholders have the right to decrease but not increase the dividend amount recommended by the board of directors. Dividends may be paid out of the company’s profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared or out of undistributed profits of prior fiscal years. Dividends can also be paid by a company in the interim, termed “interim dividend” which does not require the approval of the shareholders unless it is combined with the final dividend being recommended by the board of directors. The Reserve Bank of India has stipulated that banks may declare and pay interim dividend out of the profits from the relevant accounting period, without prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India if they satisfy the minimum criteria and requirements and the cumulative interim dividend(s) are within the prudential cap on dividend payout ratio prescribed in the guidelines issued in this regard by the Reserve Bank of India. See also “Supervision and Regulation — Reserve Bank of India Regulations — Restrictions on Payment of Dividends”.
Pursuant to guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India in February 2000, with respect to equity shares issued by us during a particular fiscal year, dividends declared and paid for such fiscal year are paid in full and are no longer prorated from the date of issuance to the end of such fiscal year.
ICICI Bank paid dividends consistently every year from fiscal 1996, the second year of its operations. For fiscal 2004, we paid a dividend, excluding dividend tax, of Rs. 7.50 (US$ 0.19) per equity share aggregating to Rs. 5.5 billion (US$ 137 million). The amount of Rs. 5.5 billion (US$ 137 million) excludes the impact of the issue of 6,992,187 equity shares on May 24, 2004 through the exercise of the greenshoe option in the issue of equity shares in April 2004. The dividend for fiscal 2004 was paid in fiscal 2005. For fiscal 2005, we paid a dividend, excluding dividend tax, of Rs. 7.50 (US$ 0.19) per equity share and a special dividend, excluding dividend tax, of Rs. 1.00 (US$ 0.02) per equity share to mark the completion of 50 years in finance by the ICICI group aggregating to Rs. 6.3 billion (US$ 157 million), which we paid out in August 2005. For fiscal 2006, we paid a dividend, excluding dividend tax, of Rs. 8.50 (US$ 0.21) per equity share aggregating to Rs. 7.6 billion (US$ 190 million), which we paid out in July 2006. For fiscal 2007, we paid dividend, excluding dividend tax, of Rs. 10.00 (US$ 0.25) per equity share aggregating to Rs. 9.0 billion (US$ 225 million), which we paid in July 2007. For fiscal 2008, we paid a dividend, excluding dividend tax, of Rs. 11.00 (US$ 0.27) per equity share aggregating to Rs. 12.24 billion (US$ 306 million) which we paid in July 2008.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the dividend per equity share and the total amount of dividends paid out on the equity shares during the fiscal year by ICICI Bank, each exclusive of dividend tax. This may be different from the dividend declared for the year.
| | | | | Total amount of dividends paid | |
| | | | | (Rs. in millions) | |
Dividend paid during the fiscal year | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
2004 | | | 7.50 | | | | 5,507 | |
2005 | | | 8.50 | | | | 6,292 | |
2006 | | | 8.50 | | | | 7,583 | |
2007 | | | 10.00 | | | | 9,030 | |
2008 | | | 11.00 | | | | 12,240 | |
Dividend income is tax-exempt in the hands of shareholders. However, we are required to pay a tax at the rate of 16.99% (including surcharge) on distributed profits.
Future dividends will depend upon our revenues, cash flow, financial condition, the regulations of the Reserve Bank of India and other factors. Owners of ADSs will be entitled to receive dividends payable in respect of the equity shares represented by such ADSs. The equity shares represented by ADSs rank pari passu with existing equity shares. At present, we have equity shares issued in India and equity shares represented by ADSs.
Indian Tax
The following discussion of material Indian tax consequences to investors in ADSs and equity shares who are not resident in India whether of Indian origin or not (each a “non-resident”) is based on the provisions of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1961 (the “Income-tax Act”), including the special tax regime for ADSs contained in Section 115AC, which has been extended to cover additional ADSs that an investor may acquire in an amalgamation or restructuring of the company, and certain regulations implementing the Section 115AC regime. The Income-tax Act is amended every year by the Finance Act of the relevant year. Some or all of the tax consequences of described herein may be amended or modified by future amendments to the Income-tax Act.
The summary is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of the tax consequences under Indian law of the acquisition, ownership and sale of ADSs and equity shares by non-resident investors. Potential investors should, therefore, consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of such acquisition, ownership and sale, including the tax consequences under Indian law, the law of the jurisdiction of their residence, any tax treaty between India and their country of residence, and in particular the application of the regulations implementing the Section 115AC regime.
Residence
For the purpose of the Income-tax Act, an individual is a resident of India during any fiscal year, if he (i) is in India in that year for 182 days or more or (ii) having been in India for a period or periods aggregating 365 days or more during the four years preceding that fiscal year, is in India for a period or periods aggregating 60 days or more in that fiscal year. The period of 60 days is substituted by 182 days in the case of an Indian citizen or person of Indian origin who being resident outside India comes on a visit to India during the fiscal year or an Indian citizen who leaves India for the purposes of his employment or as a member of the crew of an Indian ship, during the fiscal year. A company is resident in India in any fiscal year if it is registered in India or the control and management of its affairs is situated wholly in India in that year. A firm or other association of persons is resident in India except where the control and the management of its affairs are situated wholly outside India.
Taxation of Distributions
Dividends paid are not subject to any Indian withholding or other tax. However, we are required to pay tax at the rate of 16.995% on the dividends distributed by us. As per the provisions of section 115-O(1A) of the Income-tax Act, dividends received by us on which our direct Indian subsidiary company has paid dividend distribution tax will be deducted from the dividends distributed by us for the purpose of determining dividend distribution tax from April 1, 2008 onwards, subject to prescribed conditions being fulfilled. The dividend so paid is not taxable under section 115AC in the hands of the ADS holders.
Taxation on Redemption of ADSs
The acquisition of equity shares upon redemption of ADSs by a non-resident investor will not give rise to a taxable event for Indian tax purposes.
Taxation on Sale of ADSs or Equity Shares
Any transfer of ADSs outside India by a non-resident investor to another non-resident investor will not give rise to Indian capital gains tax in the hands of the transferor.
Subject to any relief under any relevant double taxation treaty, gain arising from the sale of an equity share will generally give rise to a liability for Indian income tax in the hands of the transferor. Such tax is required to be withheld at source. Such gains would either be taxable as capital gains or business income, depending upon the nature of holding. Where the equity share has been held for more than 12 months (measured from the date of advice of redemption of the ADS by the Depositary as specified below), the resulting long-term capital gains would be exempt from tax. Where the equity share has been held for 12 months or less, the resulting short-term capital gains
in the case of non-residents individuals would be taxable at a tax rate of 10.3% (including education cess and secondary and higher education cess) for fiscal 2008 and at a tax rate of 15.45% (including education cess and secondary and higher education cess) for fiscal 2009 where the total income does not exceed Rs. 1,000,000 (US$ 24,988) or 11.33% (including applicable surcharge and education cess) for the financial year ended March 31, 2008 and 16.99% (including applicable surcharge and education cess and secondary and higher education cess) for the financial year beginning from April 1, 2008 onwards where the total income exceeds Rs. 1,000,000 (US$ 24,988) during the fiscal year. These rates of tax are applicable provided the gains are treated as capital gains and provided the shares are sold on the recognized Indian stock exchanges and are liable to securities transaction tax. In other cases, the rate of tax applicable under the provisions of the Income-tax Act varies, subject to a maximum of 42.23% (including applicable surcharges and education cess and secondary and higher education cess) for fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009. The actual rate depends on a number of factors, including without limitation the nature of the non-resident investor.
The above rates would be subject to beneficial treatment, if any, as per the provisions of the double taxation treaty entered into by the government of India with the country of residence of the non-resident investors. The double taxation treaty between the United States and India does not provide US residents with any relief from Indian tax on capital gains.
As per the Finance Act 2006, a sale of equity shares entered into on a recognized stock exchange in India settled by actual delivery or transfer will be subject to a securities transaction tax at the rate of 0.125%, on the value of the transaction, payable by both the seller and buyer.
For purposes of determining the amount of capital gains arising on a sale of an equity share for Indian tax purposes, the cost of acquisition of an equity share received upon redemption of an ADS will be the price of the share prevailing on Bombay Stock Exchange or the National Stock Exchange on the date on which the Depositary advises the custodian of such redemption, not the acquisition cost of the ADS being redeemed. The holding period of an equity share received upon redemption of an ADS will commence on the date of advice of redemption by the Depositary.
Rights
Distributions to non-resident investors of additional ADSs or equity shares or rights to subscribe for equity shares made with respect to ADSs or equity shares are not subject to Indian income tax in the hands of the non-resident investor.
It is unclear as to whether capital gains derived from the sale of rights outside India by a non-resident investor that is not entitled to exemption under a tax treaty to another non-resident investor will be subject to Indian capital gains tax. If the rights are deemed by the Indian tax authorities to be situated within India, as our situs is in India, then the capital gains realized on the sale of rights will be subject to customary Indian capital gains taxation as discussed above.
Stamp Duty
Upon the issuance of the equity shares underlying the ADSs, we are required to pay a stamp duty of 0.1% of the issue price per share. A transfer of ADSs is not subject to Indian stamp duty. Normally, upon the receipt of equity shares in physical form from the depositary in exchange for ADSs representing such equity shares, a non-resident investor would be liable for Indian stamp duty applicable on re-issuance in physical form, which is the same as stamp duty payable on the original issuance in physical form subject to a maximum of Rs. 100 per share certificate. Similarly, a sale of equity shares in physical form by a non-resident investor would also be subject to Indian stamp duty at the rate of 0.25% of the market value of the equity shares on the trade date, or the consideration value, whichever is higher, although customarily such tax is borne by the transferee, that is, the purchaser. However, our equity shares are compulsorily delivered in non-physical form except for trades up to 500 shares only, which may be delivered in physical form. Under Indian stamp law, no stamp duty is payable on the acquisition or transfer of equity shares in non-physical form. The State of Maharashtra has, inter alia, provided that records of transactions, electronic or otherwise, whether electronic or otherwise, of transactions effected by a trading member of a stock exchange through a stock exchange shall be liable to payment of stamp duty in the case of delivery, at the rate of
0.01%, rounded off to the next rupee, in the case of non-delivery, at the rate of 0.002%, rounded off to the next rupee and if relating to futures and options trading, at the rate of 0.002%, rounded off to the next rupee.
Other Taxes
At present, there are no taxes on wealth, gifts or inheritance which apply to the ADSs or underlying equity shares.
Service Tax
Brokerage fees paid to stockbrokers in connection with the sale or purchase of shares which are listed on any recognized stock exchange in India are subject to a service tax at a rate of 12.36% (including applicable education cess). The stockbroker is responsible for collecting the service tax and paying it to the relevant authority.
United States Tax
The following discussion describes the material US federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and sale of ADSs or equity shares that are generally applicable to US investors. For these purposes, you are a US investor if, for US federal income tax purposes, you are:
| · | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| · | a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, organized under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision of the United States; or |
| · | an estate or trust the income of which is includable in gross income for US federal income tax purposes regardless of its source. |
This discussion only applies to ADSs or equity shares that you own as capital assets.
Please note that this discussion does not discuss all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of your particular circumstances. In particular, it does not address investors subject to special rules, including:
| · | dealers and certain traders in securities; |
| · | certain financial institutions; |
| · | persons who own the ADSs or equity shares as part of an integrated investment (including a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction) comprised of the ADS or equity shares, and one or more other positions for US federal income tax purposes; |
| · | persons whose functional currency is not the US dollar; |
| · | persons who acquired the ADSs or equity shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; |
| · | persons who own, actually or constructively, 10.0% or more of ICICI Bank’s voting stock; or |
| · | partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for US federal income tax purposes. |
This discussion is based on the tax laws of the United States (including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, referred to as the “Code”), Treasury Regulations, Proposed Treasury Regulations, Revenue Rulings and judicial decisions as of the date hereof. These laws may change, possibly with retroactive effect.
This discussion is also based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. Furthermore, the US Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are pre-released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for US investors of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax, described below, applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate US investors. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Indian taxes and the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate US investors, each described below, and could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom ADSs are pre-released.
For US federal income tax purposes, if you own an ADS, you will generally be treated as the owner of the equity shares underlying the ADS.
Please consult your tax adviser with regard to the application of US federal income tax laws to the ADSs or equity shares in your particular circumstances, including the passive foreign investment company rules described below, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or other taxing jurisdiction.
This discussion assumes that ICICI Bank is not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below).
Taxation of Dividends
Dividends you receive on the ADSs or equity shares, other than certain pro rata distributions of equity shares or rights to acquire equity shares to all holders of equity shares (including holders of ADSs), will generally constitute foreign source dividend income for US federal income tax purposes. The amount of the dividend you will be required to include in income will equal the US dollar value of the rupees, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the payment is received by the depositary (in the case of ADSs) or by you (in the case of equity shares) regardless of whether the payment is converted into US dollars on the date of receipt. If you realize gain or loss on a sale or other disposition of rupees, it will be considered as US-source ordinary income or loss. If you are a corporate US investor, you will not be entitled to claim a dividends-received deduction for dividends paid by ICICI Bank. Subject to applicable limitations and the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the US Treasury, if you are a non-corporate US investor, dividends paid to you in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 will be taxable at a maximum rate of 15.0%. If you are a non-corporate US investor, you should consult your own tax adviser to determine whether you are subject to any special rules that limit your ability to be taxed at this favorable rate.
Taxation of Capital Gains
You will recognize capital gain or loss for US federal income tax purposes on the sale or exchange of ADSs or equity shares in the same manner as you would on the sale or exchange of any other shares held as capital assets. The gain or loss will generally be US-source income or loss. You should consult your own tax advisers about the treatment of capital gains, which may be taxed at lower rates than ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers, and capital losses, the deductibility of which may be limited.
Under certain circumstances as described under “Taxation — Indian Tax — Taxation on Sale of ADSs or Equity Shares”, you may be subject to Indian tax upon the disposition of equity shares. You should consult your own tax adviser with respect to your ability to credit this Indian tax against your US federal income tax liability.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
Based upon certain proposed Treasury regulations, which are proposed to be effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1994, and upon certain management estimates, ICICI Bank does not expect to be a PFIC for its taxable year that ended March 31, 2008 or in the foreseeable future. In general, a foreign corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year in which (i) 75.0% or more of its gross income consists of passive income (such as dividends, interest, rents and royalties) or (ii) 50.0% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Since there can be no assurance that the proposed regulations will be finalized in their current form, the manner of the application of the proposed
regulations is not entirely clear, and the composition of ICICI Bank’s income and assets will vary over time, there can be no assurance that ICICI Bank will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. If ICICI Bank is treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you own ADSs or equity shares, certain adverse US federal income tax consequences would apply to you.
Information reporting and backup withholding
Payment of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain US-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless (i) you are a corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, you provide a correct taxpayer identification number and certify that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred.
The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to you will be allowed as a credit against your US federal income tax liability and may entitle you to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
Pursuant to the issuance and listing of our securities in the United States under registration statements filed with the United States Securities Exchange Commission, we file annual reports on Form 20-F which must include financial statements prepared under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (US GAAP) or financial statements prepared according to a comprehensive body of accounting principles with a reconciliation of net income and stockholders’ equity to US GAAP. When we first listed our securities in the United States, Indian GAAP was not considered a comprehensive body of accounting principles under the United States securities laws and regulations. Accordingly, our annual reports on Form 20-F for fiscal years 2000 through 2005 have included US GAAP financial statements. However, pursuant to a significant expansion of Indian accounting standards, Indian GAAP constitutes a comprehensive body of accounting principles. Accordingly, from fiscal 2006 onwards we have included in the annual report consolidated financial statements prepared according to Indian GAAP, which varies in certain respects from US GAAP. For a reconciliation of net income and stockholders' equity to US GAAP, a description of significant differences between Indian GAAP and US GAAP and certain additional information required under US GAAP, see note 22 to our consolidated financial statements herein. For selected financial data in accordance with US GAAP see “Selected Financial Data in accordance with US GAAP.
The data for fiscal 2004 through fiscal 2008 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements. The accounting and reporting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements reflect general industry practices and conform with Indian GAAP including the Accounting Standards (AS) issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority and the National Housing Bank as applicable to relevant companies.
The consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2004, 2005 and 2006 were audited by S.R. Batliboi & Co., Chartered Accountants, and for fiscal 2007 and 2008 by B S R & Co. Chartered Accountants, under auditing standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2006, 2007 and 2008 have also been audited by KPMG, an independent registered public accounting firm in India, in accordance with the standards of the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Our financial statements as per Indian GAAP along with the reconciliation of net profit and stockholders’ equity to US GAAP, including the notes to these financial statements, audited by KPMG are set forth at the end of this annual report.
Under US GAAP, the consolidation of ICICI’s majority ownership interest in two insurance companies, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited, because of substantive participative rights retained by the minority shareholders, is accounted for by the equity method. Under Indian GAAP these insurance subsidiaries are fully consolidated. For fiscal 2004, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited have been accounted as joint ventures using the proportionate consolidation method as prescribed by Accounting Standard 27 (AS 27) on “Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures”. Therefore, our consolidated financial statements include only 74% share (ICICI Bank’s share in each of the two joint ventures) of each line item reflected in the financial statements of these two entities for fiscal 2004. From fiscal 2005 onwards, these two entities have been accounted as per the principles of Accounting Standard 21 (AS 21) on “Consolidated Financial Statements”, as required by the revision in AS 27. Therefore from fiscal 2005, our consolidated financial statements include 100% of each line item reflected in the financial statements of these two entities with a separate disclosure for minority interest.
Under Indian GAAP, we have not consolidated certain entities (primarily 3i Infotech and Firstsource Solutions Limited) in which control are intended to be temporary. However under US GAAP, these entities have been consolidated in accordance with Opinion Number 18 of the Accounting Principles Board on “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments on Common Stock”.
Although we have translated in this annual report certain rupee amounts into dollars for convenience, this does not mean that the rupee amounts referred to could have been, or could be, converted into dollars at any particular rate, the rates stated earlier in this annual report, or at all. Except in the section on “Market Price Information”, all translations from rupees to dollars are based on the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers in rupees at March 31, 2008. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York certifies this rate for customs purposes on each date the rate is given. The noon buying rate on March 31, 2008 was Rs. 40.02 per US$ 1.00.
Memorandum and Articles of Association
Objects and Purposes
Pursuant to Clause III. A. 1 of ICICI Bank’s Memorandum of Association, ICICI Bank’s main objective is to, inter alia, carry on the business of banking in any part of India or outside India.
Directors’ Powers
ICICI Bank’s directors’ powers include the following:
| · | Article 140 of the Articles of Association provides that no director of ICICI Bank shall, as a director, take any part in the discussion of or vote on any contract or arrangement if such director is directly or indirectly concerned or interested in such contract or arrangement. |
| · | Directors have no powers to vote in absence of a quorum. |
| · | Article 83 of the Articles of Association provides that the directors may by a resolution passed at a meeting of the board of directors borrow moneys and raise and secure the payment of amounts in a manner and upon such terms and conditions in all respects as they think fit and in particular by the issue of bonds, debenture stock, or any mortgage or charge or other security on the undertaking or the whole or any part of the property of ICICI Bank (both present and future) including its uncalled capital. |
Amendment to Rights of Holders of Equity Shares
Any change to the existing rights of the equity holders can be made only by amending the Articles of Association which would require a special resolution of the shareholders, which must be passed by not less than three times the number of votes cast against the resolution.
Change in Control Provisions
Article 59 of the Articles of Association provides that the board of directors may at their discretion decline to register or acknowledge any transfer of shares in respect of shares upon which we have a lien or whilst any money in respect of the shares desired to be transferred or any of them remain unpaid. Moreover, the board of directors may refuse to register the transfer of any shares if the total nominal value of the shares or other securities intended to be transferred by any person would, together with the total nominal value of any shares held in ICICI Bank, exceed 1% of the paid up equity share capital of ICICI Bank or if the board of directors is satisfied that as a result of such transfer, it would result in the change in the board of directors or change in the controlling interest of ICICI Bank and that such change would be prejudicial to the interests of ICICI Bank. However, under the Indian Companies Act, the enforceability of such transfer restrictions is unclear.
Recent Amendments to Memorandum and Articles of Association
By special resolution passed by our shareholders at our Annual General Meeting held on July 21, 2007, Article 56(d) of the Articles of Association was amended. This Article now requires a shareholder to obtain prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India before raising his/her/its holding of our equity shares to a level of 5.0% or more of the total paid-up capital of ICICI Bank, or such other percentage as may be prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time, whereas prior to this amendment, this provision required the Reserve Bank of India's approval before a shareholder raised his/her/its stake above 5.0% of total issued capital.
Also, pursuant to a resolution passed by shareholders on June 8, 2007, section five of our Memorandum of Association was amended so that the authorized share capital of ICICI Bank was altered to Rs. 17,750,000,000 divided into 1,275,000,000 shares of Rs. 10 each, 15,000,000 shares of Rs. 100 each and 350 shares of Rs. 10 million each. The amended Memorandum and Articles of Association are attached as exhibits to this annual report.
Documents on Display
The documents concerning us which are referred to herein may be inspected at the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You may read and copy any document filed or furnished by us at the SEC’s public reference rooms in Washington D.C., New York and Chicago, Illinois or obtain them by mail upon payment of prescribed rates. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov, which contains, in electronic form, each of the reports and other information that we have filed electronically with the SEC. Information about ICICI Bank is also available on the web at www.icicibank.com.
Incorporation by Reference
We incorporate by reference the information disclosed under “Description of Equity Shares” and “Description of the American Depositary Shares” in ICICI Bank’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-30132).
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The Board of Directors and Stockholders
ICICI Bank Limited
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries (“the Company”) as of March 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated profit and loss accounts and consolidated cash flow statements for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2008, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India.
Accounting principles generally accepted in India vary in certain significant respects from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated June 12, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
KPMG
Mumbai, India
June 12, 2008
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
ICICI Bank Limited
We have audited ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries’ (“the Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 31, 2008 and
2007, and the related consolidated profit and loss accounts and consolidated cash flow statements for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2008, and our report dated June 12, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
KPMG
Mumbai, India
June 12, 2008
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | | | | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | Schedule | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital | | | 1 | | | | 12,493,437 | | | | 14,626,786 | | | | 365,487 | |
Reserves and Surplus | | | 2 | | | | 230,656,945 | | | | 436,095,477 | | | | 10,896,938 | |
Minority interest | | | 2A | | | | 5,095,649 | | | | 7,311,906 | | | | 182,706 | |
Deposits | | | 3 | | | | 2,486,136,330 | | | | 2,769,832,312 | | | | 69,211,202 | |
Borrowings | | | 4 | | | | 616,595,356 | | | | 845,660,530 | | | | 21,130,947 | |
Liabilities on policies in force | | | | | | | 148,418,907 | | | | 268,114,077 | | | | 6,699,502 | |
Other liabilities and provisions | | | 5 | | | | 443,950,564 | | | | 514,524,771 | | | | 12,856,691 | |
TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES | | | | | | | 3,943,347,188 | | | | 4,856,165,859 | | | | 121,343,473 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and balance with Reserve Bank of India | | | 6 | | | | 192,410,383 | | | | 298,007,509 | | | | 7,446,465 | |
Balances with banks and money at call and short notice | | | 7 | | | | 204,480,919 | | | | 155,279,264 | | | | 3,880,041 | |
Investments | | | 8 | | | | 1,206,166,898 | | | | 1,600,467,579 | | | | 39,991,693 | |
Advances | | | 9 | | | | 2,113,994,413 | | | | 2,514,016,693 | | | | 62,819,008 | |
Fixed assets | | | 10 | | | | 43,401,487 | | | | 46,783,548 | | | | 1,169,004 | |
Other assets | | | 11 | | | | 182,893,088 | | | | 241,611,266 | | | | 6,037,262 | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | | | | | | 3,943,347,188 | | | | 4,856,165,859 | | | | 121,343,473 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contingent liabilities | | | 12 | | | | 6,736,116,955 | | | | 12,505,952,159 | | | | 312,492,558 | |
Bills for collection | | | | | | | 40,553,879 | | | | 42,908,137 | | | | 1,072,167 | |
Significant accounting policies and notes to accounts | | 18 & 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Schedules referred to above form an integral part of the Balance Sheets.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | | | | Year ended March 31, | | | Year ended | |
| | | | | | | | March 31, | |
| | Schedule | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
I. INCOME | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest earned | | | 13 | | | | 143,335,711 | | | | 240,025,455 | | | | 340,949,565 | | | | 8,519,480 | |
Other income | | | 14 | | | | 102,819,430 | | | | 173,612,467 | | | | 259,581,255 | | | | 6,486,288 | |
TOTAL INCOME | | | | | | | 246,155,141 | | | | 413,637,922 | | | | 600,530,820 | | | | 15,005,768 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. EXPENDITURE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expended | | | 15 | | | | 101,014,796 | | | | 176,757,193 | | | | 257,669,754 | | | | 6,438,525 | |
Operating expenses | | | 16 | | | | 105,697,606 | | | | 180,132,128 | | | | 270,434,081 | | | | 6,757,473 | |
Provisions and contingencies | | | 17 | | | | 15,452,514 | | | | 30,414,589 | | | | 41,274,341 | | | | 1,031,343 | |
TOTAL EXPENDITURE | | | | | | | 222,164,916 | | | | 387,303,910 | | | | 569,378,176 | | | | 14,227,341 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
III. PROFIT/LOSS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit for the year | | | | | | | 23,990,225 | | | | 26,334,012 | | | | 31,152,644 | | | | 778,427 | |
Less: Minority interest | | | | | | | (210,673 | ) | | | (1,272,330 | ) | | | (2,829,656 | ) | | | (70,706 | ) |
Net profit / (loss) after minority interest | | | | | | | 24,200,898 | | | | 27,606,342 | | | | 33,982,300 | | | | 849,133 | |
Profit / (loss) brought forward | | | | | | | (908,834 | ) | | | (2,435,605 | ) | | | (73,672 | ) | | | (1,841 | ) |
TOTAL PROFIT/LOSS | | | | | | | 23,292,064 | | | | 25,170,737 | | | | 33,908,628 | | | | 847,292 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
IV. APPROPRIATIONS/TRANSFERS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Transfer to Statutory Reserve | | | | | | | 6,360,000 | | | | 7,800,000 | | | | 10,400,000 | | | | 259,870 | |
Transfer to Reserve fund | | | | | | | 222 | | | | 1,168 | | | | 3,138 | | | | 78 | |
Transfer to Capital Reserve | | | | | | | 680,000 | | | | 1,210,000 | | | | 1,270,000 | | | | 31,734 | |
Transfer to Investment Fluctuation Reserve | | | | | | | 5,900,000 | | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | |
Transfer from Investment Fluctuation Reserve | | | | | | | (13,203,350 | ) | | | -- | | | | -- | | | | -- | |
Transfer to Special Reserve | | | | | | | 2,778,000 | | | | 4,677,098 | | | | 1,892,500 | | | | 47,289 | |
Transfer to Revenue and other reserves | | | | | | | 14,330,152 | | | | 593,416 | | | | 491,080 | | | | 12,271 | |
Proposed equity share dividend | | | | | | | 7,593,326 | | | | 9,085,370 | | | | 12,277,018 | | | | 306,772 | |
Proposed preference share dividend | | | | | | | 35 | | | | 35 | | | | 35 | | | | 1 | |
Corporate dividend tax | | | | | | | 1,289,284 | | | | 1,877,322 | | | | 2,078,023 | | | | 51,925 | |
Balance carried over to Balance Sheet | | | | | | | (2,435,605 | ) | | | (73,672 | ) | | | 5,496,834 | | | | 137,352 | |
TOTAL | | | | | | | 23,292,064 | | | | 25,170,737 | | | | 33,908,628 | | | | 847,292 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Significant accounting policies and notes to accounts | | 18 & 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings per share (Refer Note 19. 3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic (Rs.) | | | | | | | 30.96 | | | | 30.92 | | | | 32.19 | | | | 0.80 | |
Diluted (Rs.) | | | | | | | 30.64 | | | | 30.75 | | | | 32.00 | | | | 0.80 | |
Face value per share (Rs.) | | | | | | | 10.00 | | | | 10.00 | | | | 10.00 | | | | 0.25 | |
The schedules referred to above form an integral part of the Profit and Loss Accounts.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
| | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
PARTICULARS | | | | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
Cash flow from operating activities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit before taxes | | | 31,198,896 | | | | 35,247,100 | | | | 45,079,134 | | | | 1,126,415 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjustments for: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 9,462,631 | | | | 8,346,161 | | | | 8,721,642 | | | | 217,932 | |
Net (appreciation) / depreciation on investments | | | 8,660,775 | | | | 12,160,982 | | | | 14,493,875 | | | | 362,166 | |
Provision in respect of non-performing assets (including prudential provision on standard assets) | | | 8,117,173 | | | | 22,082,234 | | | | 27,723,909 | | | | 692,752 | |
Provision for contingencies & others | | | 203,564 | | | | 307,652 | | | | 1,723,502 | | | | 43,066 | |
(Profit) / loss on sale of fixed assets | | | (51,832 | ) | | | (351,246 | ) | | | (613,379 | ) | | | (15,327 | ) |
| | | 57,591,207 | | | | 77,792,883 | | | | 97,128,683 | | | | 2,427,004 | |
Adjustments for: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Increase) / decrease in investments | | | (203,374,105 | ) | | | (173,187,373 | ) | | | (132,276,092 | ) | | | (3,305,250 | ) |
(Increase) / decrease in advances | | | (606,401,452 | ) | | | (565,891,731 | ) | | | (423,725,121 | ) | | | (10,587,834 | ) |
Increase / (decrease) in borrowings | | | 82,006,471 | | | | 96,294,679 | | | | 100,659,704 | | | | 2,515,235 | |
Increase / (decrease) in deposits | | | 713,348,700 | | | | 761,626,500 | | | | 270,566,682 | | | | 6,760,787 | |
(Increase) / decrease in other assets | | | (45,598,461 | ) | | | (27,065,243 | ) | | | (40,067,589 | ) | | | (1,001,192 | ) |
Increase / (decrease) in other liabilities and provisions | | | 82,543,134 | | | | 111,407,820 | | | | 173,249,913 | | | | 4,329,083 | |
| | | 22,524,287 | | | | 203,184,652 | | | | (51,592,503 | ) | | | (1,289,171 | ) |
(Payment) / Refund of taxes (net) | | | (10,198,463 | ) | | | (21,192,739 | ) | | | (23,865,900 | ) | | | (596,349 | ) |
Net cash flow from operating activities (A) | | | 69,917,031 | | | | 259,784,796 | | | | 21,670,280 | | | | 541,484 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flow from investing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of fixed assets | | | (6,557,240 | ) | | | (8,652,868 | ) | | | (13,779,728 | ) | | | (344,321 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | | | 1,010,888 | | | | 1,759,850 | | | | 1,100,906 | | | | 27,509 | |
(Purchase) / Sale of long-term investment | | | (96,168,425 | ) | | | (204,006,389 | ) | | | (278,393,897 | ) | | | (6,956,369 | ) |
Acquisition of subsidiaries (net of cash acquired) | | | (688,736 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Net cash generated from investing activities (B) | | | (102,403,513 | ) | | | (210,899,407 | ) | | | (291,072,719 | ) | | | (7,273,181 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flow from financing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issue of share capital (including ESOPs) net of issue expense | | | 79,850,509 | | | | 2,055,383 | | | | 197,945,383 | | | | 4,946,162 | |
Net proceeds / (repayment) of bonds (including subordinated debts) | | | 6,534,092 | | | | 172,962,927 | | | | 138,335,874 | | | | 3,456,669 | |
Dividend and dividend tax paid | | | (7,598,693 | ) | | | (9,072,081 | ) | | | (11,124,591 | ) | | | (277,976 | ) |
Net cash generated from financing activities (C) | | | 78,785,908 | | | | 165,946,229 | | | | 325,156,666 | | | | 8,124,855 | |
Effect of exchange fluctuation on translation reserve (D) | | | (25,495 | ) | | | (491,265 | ) | | | (1,721,319 | ) | | | (43,011 | ) |
Net cash and cash equivalent received from the Sangli Bank Ltd. on amalgamation (E) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,362,563 | | | | 59,035 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Consolidated cash flow statements (Continued)
(Rs. in thousands)
PARTICULARS | | Year ended March 31, | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (A) + (B) + (C) + (D) + (E) | | | 46,273,931 | | | | 214,340,353 | | | | 56,395,471 | | | | 1,409,182 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents as at April 1 | | | 136,277,018 | | | | 182,550,949 | | | | 396,891,302 | | | | 9,917,324 | |
Cash and cash equivalents as at March 31 | | | 182,550,949 | | | | 396,891,302 | | | | 453,286,773 | | | | 11,326,506 | |
Significant Accounting Policies and Notes to Accounts (refer to Schedule 18 & 19).
The Schedules referred to above form an integral part of the consolidated balance sheets.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets
SCHEDULE 1 - CAPITAL
(Rs. in thousands)
| | As of March 31, | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
Authorized capital | | | | | | | | | |
1,275,000,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each [March 31, 2007: 1,000,000,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each] | | | 10,000,000 | | | | 12,750,000 | | | | 318,591 | |
15,000,000 shares of Rs. 100 each [March 31, 2007: 55,000,000 preference shares of Rs. 100 each]1 | | | 5,500,000 | | | | 1,500,000 | | | | 37,481 | |
350 preference shares of Rs. 10 million each [March 31, 2007: 350 preference shares of Rs. 10 million each] | | | 3,500,000 | | | | 3,500,000 | | | | 87,456 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity share capital Issued, subscribed and paid-up capital | | | | | | | | | | | | |
899,266,672 equity shares of Rs. 10 each (March 31, 2007: 889,779,621 equity shares) | | | 8,897,796 | | | | 8,992,667 | | | | 224,704 | |
Add: 3,455,008 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up issued to shareholders of erstwhile Sangli Bank Limited | | | -- | | | | 34,550 | | | | 864 | |
Add: 108,598,626 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up vide prospectus dated June 26, 2007 (includes 13,762,869 shares issued under green shoe option) | | | -- | | | | 1,085,986 | | | | 27,136 | |
Add: 99,898,476 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up underlying 49,949,238 American Depository Shares (ADSs) issued vide prospectus dated June 23, 2007 (includes 6,497,462 ADSs issued under green shoe option) | | | -- | | | | 998,985 | | | | 24,962 | |
Add: 1,468,713 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up (March 31, 2007: 9,487,051 equity shares) issued pursuant to exercise of employee stock options | | | 94,871 | | | | 14,687 | | | | 367 | |
| | | 8,992,667 | | | | 11,126,875 | | | | 278,033 | |
Less: Calls unpaid | | | -- | | | | 859 | | | | 21 | |
Add: 111,603 equity shares forfeited (March 31, 2007: 111,603 equity shares) | | | 770 | | | | 770 | | | | 19 | |
TOTAL EQUITY CAPITAL | | | 8,993,437 | | | | 11,126,786 | | | | 278,031 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preference share capital [Represents face value of 350 preference shares of Rs. 10 million each issued to preference share holders of erstwhile ICICI Limited on amalgamation redeemable at par on April 20, 2018] | | | 3,500,000 | | | | 3,500,000 | | | | 87,456 | |
TOTAL CAPITAL | | | 12,493,437 | | | | 14,626,786 | | | | 365,487 | |
1. | These shares will be of such class and with rights, privileges, conditions or restrictions as may be determined by the Bank in accordance with the Articles of Association of the Bank and subject to the legislative provisions for the time being in that behalf. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 2 - RESERVES AND SURPLUS
(Rs. in thousands)
| | As of March 31, | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
I. Statutory reserve | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance (other than joint ventures) | | | 20,987,307 | | | | 28,787,307 | | | | 719,323 | |
Additions during the year (includes Rs. 206.5 million on amalgamation) | | | 7,800,000 | | | | 10,606,500 | | | | 265,030 | |
Deductions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Closing balance | | | 28,787,307 | | | | 39,393,807 | | | | 984,353 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. Special reserve | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance (other than joint ventures) | | | 15,062,102 | | | | 19,739,200 | | | | 493,233 | |
Additions during the year | | | 4,677,098 | | | | 1,892,500 | | | | 47,289 | |
Deductions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Closing balance | | | 19,739,200 | | | | 21,631,700 | | | | 540,522 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
III. Securities premium | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance (other than joint ventures) | | | 118,325,074 | | | | 120,285,365 | | | | 3,005,631 | |
Additions during the year 1 | | | 1,970,256 | | | | 197,644,847 | | | | 4,938,652 | |
Deductions during the year 2 | | | 9,965 | | | | 5,280,193 | | | | 131,939 | |
Closing balance | | | 120,285,365 | | | | 312,650,019 | | | | 7,812,344 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
IV. Unrealized Investment Reserve | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance (other than joint ventures) | | | 2,517,249 | | | | 4,867,703 | | | | 121,632 | |
Additions during the year | | | 3,506,314 | | | | 218,122 | | | | 5,450 | |
Deductions during the year | | | 1,155,860 | | | | 4,106,561 | | | | 102,613 | |
Closing balance | | | 4,867,703 | | | | 979,264 | | | | 24,469 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
V. Capital reserve | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance (other than joint ventures) | | | 5,693,166 | | | | 6,903,166 | | | | 172,493 | |
Additions during the year (including capital reserve on consolidation Rs. 90.6 million) | | | 1,210,000 | | | | 1,360,603 | | | | 33,998 | |
Deductions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | | . | | | | | | | | | |
Closing balance | | | 6,903,166 | | | | 8,263,769 | | | | 206,491 | |
| | | . | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
VI. Foreign currency translation reserve | | | (516,760 | ) | | | (2,238,079 | ) | | | (55,924 | ) |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
(Rs. in thousands)
| | As of March 31, | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
VII. Reserve Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance (other than joint ventures) | | | 222 | | | | 1,390 | | | | 35 | |
Additions during the year 3 | | | 1,168 | | | | 3,138 | | | | 78 | |
Deductions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Closing balance | | | 1,390 | | | | 4,528 | | | | 113 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
VIII. Revenue and other reserves | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening balance for joint ventures | | | (2,687 | ) | | | (2,687 | ) | | | (67 | ) |
Opening balance for others | | | 50,962,549 | | | | 50,592,261 | | | | 1,264,174 | |
Additions during the year for joint ventures | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Additions during the year for others | | | 1,562,108 | | | | 3,455,640 | | | | 86,348 | |
Deductions during the year for joint ventures | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Deductions during the year for others 4,5,7 | | | 1,932,396 | | | | 4,131,579 | | | | 103,238 | |
Closing balance 6 | | | 50,589,574 | | | | 49,913,635 | | | | 1,247,217 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
IX. Balance in Profit and Loss account for others | | | - | | | | 5,544,515 | | | | 138,544 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
X. Balance in Profit and Loss account for Joint Ventures | | | - | | | | (47,681 | ) | | | (1,191 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TOTAL RESERVES AND SURPLUS | | | 230,656,945 | | | | 436,095,477 | | | | 10,896,938 | |
| a. | Rs. 86,065.6 million (net of securities premium in arrears of Rs. 486.1 million) consequent to public issue vide prospectus dated June 26, 2007. |
| b. | Rs. 98,237.4 million consequent to issue of ADSs (including green shoe options exercised) vide prospectus dated June 23, 2007. |
| c. | Rs. 12,799.5 million on exercise of the green shoe option vide prospectus dated June 26, 2007. |
| d. | Rs. 542.3 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 1,901.9 million) on exercise of employee stock options. |
| a. | Rs. 3,482.2 million being the excess of the paid-up value of the shares issued to the shareholders of The Sangli Bank Limited over the fair value of the net assets acquired on merger and amalgamation expenses as per the scheme of amalgamation. |
| b. | Rs. 1,846.6 million being the share issue expenses, written-off from the securities premium account as per the objects of the issue. |
3. | Represents appropriation of 5% of net profit by Sri Lanka branch to meet the requirements of Section 20 of Sri Lankan Banking Act No 30 of 1988. |
4. | Represents transition adjustment on account of first time adoption of Accounting Standard 15 (Revised) on "Employee benefits" issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for the year ended March 31, 2007. |
5. | Includes transition adjustment on account of first time adoption of Financial Reporting Standard ("FRS") 26 by ICICI Bank UK PLC for year ended March 31, 2007. |
6. | Includes restricted reserve of Rs. 5,423.2 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 2,541.9 million) relating to life insurance subsidiary. |
7. | Includes unrealized losses, net of tax, of Rs. 4,029.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. Nil) pertaining to the investments in Available for Sale category of the ICICI bank UK PLC. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 2A - MINORITY INTEREST
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
Opening minority interest | | | 2,749,402 | | | | 5,095,649 | | | | 127,327 | |
Subsequent increase / decrease | | | 2,346,247 | | | | 2,216,257 | | | | 55,379 | |
CLOSING MINORITY INTEREST | | | 5,095,649 | | | | 7,311,906 | | | | 182,706 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 3 - DEPOSITS
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
A. I. Demand deposits | | | | | | | | | |
i) From banks | | | 4,806,419 | | | | 5,681,818 | | | | 141,975 | |
ii) From others | | | 209,693,799 | | | | 244,114,127 | | | | 6,099,803 | |
II. Savings bank deposits | | | 375,330,044 | | | | 537,563,405 | | | | 13,432,369 | |
III. Term deposits | | | | | | | | | | | | |
i) From banks | | | 147,107,672 | | | | 125,024,337 | | | | 3,124,046 | |
ii) From others | | | 1,749,198,396 | | | | 1,857,448,625 | | | | 46,413,009 | |
TOTAL DEPOSITS | | | 2,486,136,330 | | | | 2,769,832,312 | | | | 69,211,202 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
B. I. Deposits of branches in India | | | 2,205,634,546 | | | | 2,361,289,926 | | | | 59,002,747 | |
II. Deposits of branches/subsidiaries outside India | | | 280,501,784 | | | | 408,542,386 | | | | 10,208,455 | |
TOTAL DEPOSITS | | | 2,486,136,330 | | | | 2,769,832,312 | | | | 69,211,202 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 4 - BORROWINGS
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
I. Borrowings In India | | | | | | | | | |
i) Reserve Bank of India | | | 1,400,000 | | �� | | - | | | | - | |
ii) Other banks | | | 78,545,412 | | | | 72,605,734 | | | | 1,814,236 | |
iii) Other institutions and agencies | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) Government of India | | | 2,171,867 | | | | 1,592,480 | | | | 39,792 | |
b) Financial institutions | | | 37,981,766 | | | | 48,292,151 | | | | 1,206,700 | |
iv) Borrowings in the form of | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) Deposits | | | 2,153,897 | | | | 2,533,110 | | | | 63,296 | |
b) Commercial paper | | | 4,995,546 | | | | 20,630,884 | | | | 515,514 | |
c) Bonds and debentures (excluding subordinated debt) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- Debentures and bonds guaranteed by the Government of India | | | 14,468,420 | | | | 14,815,000 | | | | 370,190 | |
- Borrowings under private placement of bonds carrying maturity of 1 to 30 years from the date of placement | | | 6,784,799 | | | | 6,545,648 | | | | 163,559 | |
Bonds issued under multiple option/safety bonds series | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- Regular interest bonds | | | 5,566,170 | | | | 5,393,095 | | | | 134,760 | |
- Deep discount bonds | | | 4,564,511 | | | | 4,401,234 | | | | 109,976 | |
- Encash bonds | | | 56,015 | | | | - | | | | - | |
-Tax saving bonds | | | 20,779,673 | | | | 17,376,227 | | | | 434,189 | |
- Pension bonds | | | 61,626 | | | | 61,722 | | | | 1,542 | |
TOTAL BORROWINGS IN INDIA | | | 179,529,702 | | | | 194,247,285 | | | | 4,853,754 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. Borrowings outside India | | | | | | | | | | | | |
i) From multilateral/bilateral credit agencies | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(guaranteed by the Government of India for the equivalent of Rs. 18,402.9 million at March 31, 2008) (March 31, 2007; Rs. 19,151.7 million) | | | 22,701,869 | | | | 20,966,276 | | | | 523,895 | |
ii) From international banks, institutions and consortiums | | | 216,242,358 | | | | 307,381,423 | | | | 7,680,695 | |
iii) By way of bonds and notes | | | 197,919,861 | | | | 322,261,202 | | | | 8,052,504 | |
iv) Other borrowings | | | 201,566 | | | | 804,344 | | | | 20,099 | |
TOTAL BORROWINGS OUTSIDE INDIA | | | 437,065,654 | | | | 651,413,245 | | | | 16,277,193 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TOTAL BORROWINGS | | | 616,595,356 | | | | 845,660,530 | | | | 21,130,947 | |
Secured borrowings in I above is Rs. 4,089.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 2,841.8 million) and in II above is Nil
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 5 - OTHER LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | |
I. Bills payable | | | 42,476,957 | | | | 29,285,903 | | | | 731,782 | |
II. Inter-office adjustments (net) | | | - | | | | 4,293,542 | | | | 107,285 | |
III. Interest accrued | | | 21,167,766 | | | | 26,780,408 | | | | 669,176 | |
IV. Unsecured redeemable / perpetual debentures / bonds | | | | | | | | | | | | |
[Subordinated for Tier I / Tier II capital] | | | 212,211,158 | | | | 224,077,862 | | | | 5,599,147 | |
V. Others | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) Security deposits from clients | | | 4,691,762 | | | | 15,197,638 | | | | 379,751 | |
b) Sundry Creditors | | | 84,663,926 | | | | 94,745,071 | | | | 2,367,443 | |
c) Received for disbursements under special program | | | 1,896,661 | | | | 2,034,281 | | | | 50,831 | |
d) Provision for standard assets | | | 13,264,338 | | | | 15,214,123 | | | | 380,163 | |
e) Other liabilities1 | | 63,577,996 | | | 102,895,943 | | | 2,571,113 | |
TOTAL OTHER LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS | | 443,950,564 | | | 514,524,771 | | | 12,856,691 | |
| a) | Proposed dividend of Rs. 12,284.6 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 9,036.2 million). |
| b) | Corporate dividend tax payable of Rs. 1,596.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 1,591.8 million). |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 6 - CASH AND BALANCES WITH RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | |
I. Cash in hand (including foreign currency notes) | | | 26,002,721 | | | | 32,653,915 | | | | 815,940 | |
II. Balances with Reserve Bank of India in current accounts | | | 166,407,662 | | | | 265,353,594 | | | | 6,630,525 | |
TOTAL CASH AND BALANCES WITH RESERVE BANK OF INDIA | | | 192,410,383 | | | | 298,007,509 | | | | 7,446,465 | |
SCHEDULE 7 - BALANCES WITH BANKS AND MONEY AT CALL AND SHORT NOTICE
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
I. In India | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
i) Balances with banks | | | | | | | | | |
a) in current accounts | | | 8,526,243 | | | | 9,241,811 | | | | 230,930 | |
b) in other deposit accounts | | | 15,890,377 | | | | 5,908,958 | | | | 147,650 | |
ii) Money at call and short notice | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) with banks | | | 1,000,000 | | | | - | | | | - | |
b) with other institutions | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
TOTAL | | | 25,416,620 | | | | 15,150,769 | | | | 378,580 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. Outside India | | | | | | | | | | | | |
i) in current accounts | | | 16,709,682 | | | | 19,711,210 | | | | 492,534 | |
ii) in other deposit accounts | | | 106,544,658 | | | | 28,421,501 | | | | 710,182 | |
iii) Money at call and short notice | | | 55,809,959 | | | | 91,995,784 | | | | 2,298,745 | |
TOTAL | | | 179,064,299 | | | | 140,128,495 | | | | 3,501,461 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TOTAL BALANCES WITH BANKS AND MONEY AT CALL AND SHORT NOTICE | | | 204,480,919 | | | | 155,279,264 | | | | 3,880,041 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 8 - INVESTMENTS
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
I. Investments in India (net of provisions) | | | | | | | | | |
i) Government securities | | | 696,367,000 | | | | 786,560,746 | | | | 19,654,192 | |
ii) Other approved securities | | | 601 | | | | 97,946 | | | | 2,447 | |
iii) Shares (includes equity and preference shares) 1 | | | 40,895,698 | | | | 47,118,726 | | | | 1,177,379 | |
iv) Debentures and bonds | | | 45,829,459 | | | | 49,447,032 | | | | 1,235,558 | |
v) Assets held to cover linked liabilities of life insurance business | | | 128,906,303 | | | | 248,450,720 | | | | 6,208,164 | |
vi) Others (commercial paper, mutual fund units, pass through certificates, security receipts etc.) | | | 114,689,000 | | | | 210,887,719 | | | | 5,269,558 | |
TOTAL INVESTMENTS IN INDIA | | | 1,026,688,061 | | | | 1,342,562,889 | | | | 33,547,298 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. Investments outside India (net of provisions) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
i) Government securities | | | 20,748,958 | | | | 40,899,298 | | | | 1,021,971 | |
ii) Others | | | 158,729,879 | | | | 217,005,392 | | | | 5,422,424 | |
TOTAL INVESTMENTS OUTSIDE INDIA | | | 179,478,837 | | | | 257,904,690 | | | | 6,444,395 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TOTAL INVESTMENTS | | | 1,206,166,898 | | | | 1,600,467,579 | | | | 39,991,693 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
III. Investments in India | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross Value of Investments 2 | | | 1,026,171,288 | | | | 1,340,676,954 | | | | 33,500,174 | |
Less: Aggregate of provision / depreciation / (appreciation) | | | (516,773 | ) | | | (1,885,935 | ) | | | (47,125 | ) |
Net Investments | | | 1,026,688,061 | | | | 1,342,562,889 | | | | 33,547,299 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
IV. Investments Outside India | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross Value of Investments | | | 179,552,465 | | | | 267,772,200 | | | | 6,690,960 | |
Less: Aggregate of provision / depreciation / (appreciation) | | | 73,628 | | | | 9,867,510 | | | | 246,564 | |
Net Investments | | | 179,478,837 | | | | 257,904,690 | | | | 6,444,396 | |
TOTAL INVESTMENTS | | | 1,206,166,898 | | | | 1,600,467,579 | | | | 39,991,695 | |
1. | Includes Investment in associates of Rs. 95.4 million (March 31, 2007: Nil). |
2. | Net of appreciation of Rs. 19,534.4 million (March 31, 2007 Rs. 13,258.4 million) on investment held to cover linked liabilities of life insurance business. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 9 - ADVANCES (net of provisions)
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | |
A. i) Bills purchased and discounted | | | 47,473,577 | | | | 47,896,278 | | | | 1,196,809 | |
ii) Cash credits, overdrafts and loans repayable on demand | | | 334,781,882 | | | | 351,458,670 | | | | 8,782,076 | |
iii) Term loans | | | 1,659,223,017 | | | | 2,009,110,336 | | | | 50,202,657 | |
iv) Securitization, finance lease and hire purchase receivables1 | | | 72,515,937 | | | | 105,551,409 | | | | 2,637,466 | |
TOTAL ADVANCE | | | 2,113,994,413 | | | | 2,514,016,693 | | | | 62,819,008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
B. i) Secured by tangible assets [includes advances against book debt] | | | 1,602,564,461 | | | | 1,928,756,159 | | | | 48,194,807 | |
ii) Covered by Bank/Government guarantees | | | 87,960,211 | | | | 42,087,202 | | | | 1,051,654 | |
iii) Unsecured | | | 423,469,741 | | | | 543,173,332 | | | | 13,572,547 | |
TOTAL ADVANCE | | | 2,113,994,413 | | | | 2,514,016,693 | | | | 62,819,008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
C. I. Advances in India | | | | | | | | | | | | |
i) Priority sector | | | 555,491,571 | | | | 606,025,758 | | | | 15,143,072 | |
ii) Public sector | | | 4,017,005 | | | | 3,559,887 | | | | 88,953 | |
iii) Banks | | | 906,063 | | | | 45,947 | | | | 1,148 | |
iv) Others | | | 1,194,443,625 | | | | 1,229,874,572 | | | | 30,731,499 | |
TOTAL ADVANCE IN INDIA | | | 1,754,858,264 | | | | 1,839,506,164 | | | | 45,964,672 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. Advances outside India | | | | | | | | | | | | |
i) Due from banks | | | 50,979,277 | | | | 53,593,670 | | | | 1,339,172 | |
ii) Due from others | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) Bills purchased and discounted | | | 24,521,767 | | | | 21,006,755 | | | | 524,907 | |
b) Commercial Loans | | | 178,608,073 | | | | 324,669,709 | | | | 8,112,686 | |
c) Others | | | 105,027,032 | | | | 275,240,395 | | | | 6,877,571 | |
TOTAL ADVANCE OUTSIDE INDIA | | | 359,136,149 | | | | 674,510,529 | | | | 16,854,336 | |
TOTAL ADVANCES | | | 2,113,994,413 | | | | 2,514,016,693 | | | | 62,819,008 | |
1. | Includes receivables under lease amounting to Rs. 349.2 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 577.9 million). |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 10 - FIXED ASSETS
| | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
I. Premises | | | | | | | | | |
At cost as on March 31 of preceding year | | | 21,157,589 | | | | 23,574,338 | | | | 589,064 | |
Additions during the year | | | 3,306,091 | | | | 3,985,851 | | | | 99,596 | |
Deductions during the year | | | (889,342 | ) | | | (324,857 | ) | | | (8,117 | ) |
Depreciation to date | | | (3,054,777 | ) | | | (4,181,205 | ) | | | (104,478 | ) |
Net block | | | 20,519,561 | | | | 23,054,127 | | | | 576,065 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
II. Other fixed assets (including furniture and fixtures) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At cost as on March 31 of preceding year | | | 22,521,357 | | | | 27,621,021 | | | | 690,180 | |
Additions during the year | | | 5,832,130 | | | | 6,917,431 | | | | 172,850 | |
Deductions during the year | | | (732,466 | ) | | | (686,835 | ) | | | (17,162 | ) |
Depreciation to date | | | (14,771,468 | ) | | | (18,092,913 | ) | | | (452,097 | ) |
Net block | | | 12,849,553 | | | | 15,758,704 | | | | 393,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
III. Assets given on Lease | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At cost as on March 31 of preceding year | | | 19,165,523 | | | | 18,346,532 | | | | 458,434 | |
Additions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Deductions during the year | | | (818,991 | ) | | | (57,460 | ) | | | (1,436 | ) |
Depreciation to date, accumulated lease adjustment and provisions | | | (8,314,159 | ) | | | (10,318,355 | ) | | | (257,830 | ) |
Net block | | | 10,032,373 | | | | 7,970,717 | | | | 199,168 | |
TOTAL FIXED ASSETS | | | 43,401,487 | | | | 46,783,548 | | | | 1,169,004 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the balance sheets (Continued)
SCHEDULE 11 – OTHER ASSETS
| | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
I. Inter-office adjustments (net) | | | 3,762,923 | | | | - | | | | - | |
II. Interest accrued | | | 31,972,407 | | | | 39,368,197 | | | | 983,713 | |
III. Tax paid in advance/tax deducted at source (net) | | | 37,839,774 | | | | 42,802,815 | | | | 1,069,536 | |
IV. Stationery and stamps | | | 1,552 | | | | 574 | | | | 14 | |
V. Non-banking assets acquired in satisfaction of claims 1 | | | 3,536,564 | | | | 3,658,544 | | | | 91,418 | |
VI. Others | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) Advance for capital assets | | | 2,410,477 | | | | 7,060,893 | | | | 176,434 | |
b) Outstanding fees and other income | | | 4,852,253 | | | | 10,212,038 | | | | 255,173 | |
c) Swap suspense | | | 168,266 | | | | - | | | | - | |
d) Deposits | | | 32,125,652 | | | | 28,665,435 | | | | 716,278 | |
e) Deferred tax asset (Net) | | | 7,659,104 | | | | 17,280,466 | | | | 431,796 | |
f) Early Retirement Option expenses not written off | | | 501,979 | | | | 117,979 | | | | 2,948 | |
g) Others 2, 3 | | | 58,062,137 | | | | 92,444,325 | | | | 2,309,953 | |
TOTAL OTHER ASSETS | | | 182,893,088 | | | | 241,611,266 | | | | 6,037,263 | |
1. | Includes certain non-banking assets acquired in satisfaction of claims, which are in the process of being transferred in the Bank's name. |
2. | Includes debit balance in profit and loss account of Rs. Nil (March 31, 2007: Rs. 73.7 million) net of credit balance in profit and loss account of Rs. Nil (March 31, 2007: Rs. 88.7 million) for joint ventures. |
3. | Includes goodwill on consolidation amounting to Rs. 630.5 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 624.0 million). |
SCHEDULE 12 - CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
(Rs. in thousands)
| | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | As of March 31, | | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | |
I. Claims against the Bank not acknowledged as debts | | | 39,265,351 | | | | 40,886,452 | | | | 1,021,650 | |
II. Liability for partly paid investments | | | 254,249 | | | | 128,126 | | | | 3,202 | |
III. Liability on account of outstanding forward exchange contracts | | | 1,341,835,648 | | | | 3,090,775,426 | | | | 77,230,770 | |
IV. Guarantees given on behalf of constituents | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a) In India | | | 241,625,700 | | | | 338,313,937 | | | | 8,453,622 | |
b) Outside India | | | 58,018,630 | | | | 76,613,035 | | | | 1,914,369 | |
V. Acceptances, endorsements and other obligations | | | 233,328,898 | | | | 252,963,794 | | | | 6,320,934 | |
VI. Currency swaps | | | 391,431,046 | | | | 591,090,810 | | | | 14,769,885 | |
VII. Interest rate swaps, currency options and interest rate futures1 | | | 3,984,601,670 | | | | 7,913,019,024 | | | | 197,726,612 | |
VIII. Other items for which the Bank is contingently liable | | | 445,755,763 | | | | 202,161,555 | | | | 5,051,514 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
TOTAL CONTINGENT LIABILITES | | | 6,736,116,955 | | | | 12,505,952,159 | | | | 312,492,558 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
1. | Excludes notional amount of options sold by ICICI Bank Limited amounting to Rs. 597,333.2 million (March 31, 2007: |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the profit and loss accounts
SCHEDULE 13 - INTEREST EARNED
| | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | Year ended March 31, | | | Year ended | |
| | | | | | | | | | | March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
I. Interest/discount on advances/bills | | | 106,359,009 | | | | 169,700,875 | | | | 240,683,557 | | | | 6,014,082 | |
II. Income on investments1 | | | 32,585,272 | | | | 58,473,639 | | | | 89,045,428 | | | | 2,225,023 | |
III. Interest on balances with Reserve Bank of India and other inter-bank funds | | | 3,433,183 | | | | 9,037,876 | | | | 8,747,745 | | | | 218,585 | |
IV. Others 2 | | | 958,247 | | | | 2,813,065 | | | | 2,472,835 | | | | 61,790 | |
TOTAL INTEREST EARNED | | | 143,335,711 | | | | 240,025,455 | | | | 340,949,565 | | | | 8,519,480 | |
1. | Includes amortization of premium on Government securities of Rs. 8,976.2 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 9,987.0 million). |
2. | Includes interest on income tax refunds of Rs. 880.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 1,028.2 million). |
SCHEDULE 14 - OTHER INCOME
| | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | Year ended March 31, | | | Year ended | |
| | | | | | | | | | | March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
I. Commission, exchange and brokerage | | | 32,546,535 | | | | 54,432,414 | | | | 67,673,441 | | | | 1,690,991 | |
II. Profit/(loss) on sale of investments (net) | | | 10,988,676 | | | | 14,061,769 | | | | 34,042,178 | | | | 850,629 | |
III. Profit/(loss) on revaluation of investments (net) | | | (504,459 | ) | | | (1,789,997 | ) | | | (4,787,585 | ) | | | (119,630 | ) |
IV. Profit/(loss) on sale of land, buildings and other assets (net)1 | | | 51,832 | | | | 351,246 | | | | 613,379 | | | | 15,327 | |
V. Profit/(loss) on foreign exchange transactions (net) | | | 4,451,911 | | | | 8,435,218 | | | | 1,279,786 | | | | 31,979 | |
VI. Premium and other operating income from insurance business | | | 50,703,679 | | | | 95,125,466 | | | | 159,919,822 | | | | 3,995,998 | |
VII. Miscellaneous income (including lease income)2 | | | 4,581,256 | | | | 2,996,351 | | | | 840,234 | | | | 20,994 | |
TOTAL OTHER INCOME | | | 102,819,430 | | | | 173,612,467 | | | | 259,581,255 | | | | 6,486,288 | |
1. | Includes profit/(loss) on sale of assets given on lease. |
2. | Includes unrealized gains/losses on rupee interest rate derivatives. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the profit and loss accounts (Continued)
SCHEDULE 15 - INTEREST EXPENDED
| | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | Year ended March 31, | | | Year ended | |
| | | | | | | | | | | March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
I. Interest on deposits | | | 59,590,224 | | | | 124,565,606 | | | | 187,220,141 | | | | 4,678,164 | |
II. Interest on Reserve Bank of India/inter-bank borrowings1 | | | 11,888,142 | | | | 16,659,290 | | | | 23,140,065 | | | | 578,213 | |
III. Others (including interest on borrowings of erstwhile ICICI Limited) | | | 29,536,430 | | | | 35,532,297 | | | | 47,309,548 | | | | 1,182,148 | |
TOTAL INTEREST EXPENDED | | | 101,014,796 | | | | 176,757,193 | | | | 257,669,754 | | | | 6,438,525 | |
1. | Includes interest paid on inter-bank deposits. |
SCHEDULE 16 - OPERATING EXPENSES
| | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | Year ended March 31, | | | Year ended | |
| | | | | | | | | | | March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
I. Payments to and provisions for employees | | | 17,112,066 | | | | 26,364,966 | | | | 39,697,995 | | | | 991,954 | |
II. Rent, taxes and lighting | | | 3,036,174 | | | | 5,032,549 | | | | 8,979,980 | | | | 224,387 | |
III. Printing and stationery | | | 1,421,619 | | | | 2,310,409 | | | | 2,881,776 | | | | 72,008 | |
IV. Advertisement and publicity | | | 3,066,259 | | | | 5,546,368 | | | | 6,152,109 | | | | 153,726 | |
V. Depreciation on Bank's property (including non-banking assets) | | | 3,908,328 | | | | 4,272,235 | | | | 4,973,453 | | | | 124,274 | |
VI. Depreciation (including lease equalization) on leased assets | | | 2,771,014 | | | | 1,882,750 | | | | 1,820,689 | | | | 45,494 | |
VII. Directors' fees, allowances and expenses | | | 14,523 | | | | 22,237 | | | | 20,591 | | | | 515 | |
VIII. Auditors' fees and expenses | | | 43,356 | | | | 64,192 | | | | 99,909 | | | | 2,497 | |
IX. Law charges | | | 298,817 | | | | 603,440 | | | | 1,071,497 | | | | 26,774 | |
X. Postages, telegrams, telephones, etc. | | | 2,825,681 | | | | 4,392,443 | | | | 5,162,326 | | | | 128,994 | |
XI. Repairs and maintenance | | | 3,329,657 | | | | 4,494,181 | | | | 6,287,699 | | | | 157,114 | |
XII. Insurance | | | 298,979 | | | | 1,674,444 | | | | 2,060,956 | | | | 51,498 | |
XIII. Direct marketing agency expenses | | | 11,912,231 | | | | 15,602,364 | | | | 15,749,675 | | | | 393,545 | |
XIV. Claims and benefits paid pertaining to insurance business | | | 3,924,456 | | | | 8,065,681 | | | | 13,002,948 | | | | 324,911 | |
XV. Other expenses pertaining to insurance business | | | 39,464,176 | | | | 75,292,734 | | | | 129,790,331 | | | | 3,243,137 | |
XVI. Other expenditure | | | 12,270,270 | | | | 24,511,135 | | | | 32,682,147 | | | | 816,645 | |
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | | | 105,697,606 | | | | 180,132,128 | | | | 270,434,081 | | | | 6,757,473 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the profit and loss accounts (Continued)
SCHEDULE 17 - PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES
| | | | | | | | | | | Convenience translation into US$ (US$ in ‘000) | |
| | Year ended March 31, | | | Year ended | |
| | | | | | | | | | | March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Unaudited | |
I. Income tax | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- Current period tax | | | 8,177,377 | | | | 12,013,402 | | | | 19,628,199 | | | | 490,460 | |
- Deferred tax adjustment | | | (1,595,191 | ) | | | (4,989,924 | ) | | | (9,341,410 | ) | | | (233,419 | ) |
- Fringe Benefit Tax | | | 385,749 | | | | 587,178 | | | | 780,041 | | | | 19,491 | |
II. Wealth tax | | | 30,063 | | | | 30,102 | | | | 30,004 | | | | 750 | |
III. Provision for investments (including credit substitutes) (net) | | | 133,779 | | | | 383,945 | | | | 730,096 | | | | 18,244 | |
IV. Provision for advances (net)1 | | | 8,117,173 | | | | 22,082,234 | | | | 27,723,909 | | | | 692,751 | |
V. Others | | | 203,564 | | | | 307,652 | | | | 1,723,502 | | | | 43,066 | |
TOTAL PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES | | | 15,452,514 | | | | 30,414,589 | �� | | | 41,274,341 | | | | 1,031,343 | |
1. | Includes provision on standard assets, non-performing advances, non-performing leased assets and others. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
SCHEDULE 18
Significant accounting policies
Overview
ICICI Bank Limited (“ICICI Bank” or “the Bank”) together with its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates (collectively, “the Group”) is a diversified financial services group providing a wide range of banking and financial services including commercial banking, retail banking, project and corporate finance, working capital finance, insurance, venture capital and private equity, investment banking, brokering and treasury products and services.
The Bank was incorporated in Vadodara, India and is a publicly held banking company governed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financials of ICICI Bank, its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures.
The Bank consolidates entities in which it holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights or where it exercises control. Entities where the Bank holds 20% to 50% of the voting rights and/or has the ability to exercise significant influence, other than investments of designated venture capital subsidiaries, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and the pro-rata share of their income/(loss) is included in the consolidated profit and loss account. Assets, liabilities, income and expenditure of jointly controlled entities are consolidated using the proportionate consolidation method. Under this method, the Bank’s share of each of the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the jointly controlled entity are reported in separate line items in the consolidated financial statements. The total assets at March 31, 2008 and total income for the year ended March 31, 2008 of the entities consolidated by the proportionate consolidation method is Rs. 240.9 million and Rs. 82.0 million, respectively. The Bank does not consolidate entities where control is intended to be temporary or where the Bank holds 20% to 50% of the voting rights and the investments in those entities in the books of the bank have been written down to Re. 1. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated on consolidation.
Basis of preparation
The accounting and reporting policies of the Group used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements conform to generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP), guidelines issued by Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (“IRDA”) and National Housing Bank (“NHB”) from time to time and as applicable to relevant companies and practices generally prevalent within the banking industry in India. In the case of the foreign subsidiaries, the generally accepted accounting principles as applicable to the foreign subsidiaries are followed.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
The Group follows the accrual method of accounting except where otherwise stated. In case the accounting policies followed by a subsidiary or joint venture are different from those followed by the Bank, the same have been disclosed separately.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the reporting period. The management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
The consolidated financial statements include the results of the following entities.
Sr. no. | Name of the entity | Country of incorporation | Nature of relationship | Nature of business | Ownership interest |
1 | ICICI Securities Limited | India | Subsidiary | Securities broking & merchant banking | 100.00% |
2 | ICICI Securities Inc. | USA | Subsidiary | Securities broking | 100.00% |
3 | ICICI Securities Holdings Inc. | USA | Subsidiary | Holding company | 100.00% |
4 | ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited | India | Subsidiary | Securities Investment, trading and underwriting | 100.00% |
5 | ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited | India | Subsidiary | Asset management | 100.00% |
6 | ICICI Home Finance Company Limited | India | Subsidiary | Housing finance | 100.00% |
7 | ICICI Trusteeship Services Limited | India | Subsidiary | Trusteeship services | 100.00% |
8 | ICICI Investment Management Company Limited | India | Subsidiary | Asset management | 100.00% |
9 | ICICI International Limited | Mauritius | Subsidiary | Asset management | 100.00% |
10 | ICICI Bank UK PLC. | United Kingdom | Subsidiary | Banking | 100.00% |
11 | ICICI Bank Canada | Canada | Subsidiary | Banking | 100.00% |
12 | ICICI Wealth Management Inc. | Canada | Subsidiary | Wealth Management | 100.00% |
13 | ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC. | Russia | Subsidiary | Banking | 100.00% |
14 | ICICI Eco-net Internet and Technology Fund | India | Consolidated as per Accounting Standard (“AS”) 21 | Venture capital fund | 92.01% |
15 | ICICI Equity Fund | India | Consolidated as per Accounting Standard (“AS”) 21 | Unregistered venture capital fund | 100.00% |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Sr. no. | Name of the entity | Country of incorporation | Nature of relationship | Nature of business | Ownership interest |
16 | ICICI Emerging Sectors Fund | India | Consolidated as per Accounting Standard (“AS”) 21 | Venture capital fund | 99.29% |
17 | ICICI Strategic Investment Fund | India | Consolidated as per Accounting Standard (“AS”) 21 | Unregistered venture capital fund | 100.00% |
18 | ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited 1 | India | Jointly controlled entity | Life Insurance | 73.87% |
19 | ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited 1 | India | Jointly controlled entity | General Insurance | 73.83% |
20 | ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited 1 | India | Jointly controlled entity | Asset management company for ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund | 50.99% |
21 | ICICI Prudential Trust Limited 1 | India | Jointly controlled entity | Trustee company for ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund | 50.80% |
22 | TCW/ICICI Investment Partners LLC 2 | Mauritius | Jointly controlled entity | Asset management | 50.00% |
23 | TSI Ventures (India) Private Limited 2 | India | Jointly controlled entity | Real estate consultancy | 50.00% |
24 | ICICI Kinfra Limited | India | Consolidated as per Accounting Standard (“AS”) 21 | Infrastructure development consultancy | 76.02% |
25 | ICICI West Bengal Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited | India | Consolidated as per Accounting Standard (“AS”) 21 | Infrastructure development consultancy | 75.97% |
26 | Financial Information Network and Operations Limited3 | India | Associate | Service provider | 28.29% |
27 | I-Process Services (India) Private Limited3 | India | Associate | Service provider | 19.00% |
28 | I-Solutions Providers (India) Private Limited3 | India | Associate | Service provider | 19.00% |
29 | NIIT Institute of Finance, Banking and Insurance Training Limited3 | India | Associate | Education and training in banking and finance | 19.00% |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Sr. no. | Name of the entity | Country of incorporation | Nature of relationship | Nature of business | Ownership interest |
30 | ICICI Venture Value Fund3 | India | Associate | Unregistered venture capital fund | 48.01% |
1. | The financial statements of these jointly controlled entities have been consolidated as per AS 21 on “Consolidated Financial Statements” consequent to the limited revision to AS 27 on “Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures”. |
2. | These entities have been consolidated as per the proportionate consolidation method as prescribed by AS 27 on “Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint ventures”. |
3. | These entities have been consolidated as per the equity method as prescribed by AS 23 in “Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements”. |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. | Transactions involving foreign exchange |
The consolidated financial statements of the Group are reported in Indian rupees (“Rs.”), the national currency of India. Foreign currency income and expenditure items are translated as follows:
| · | For domestic operations, at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction with the resultant gain or loss accounted for in the profit and loss account. |
| · | For integral foreign operations, at weekly average closing rates with the resultant gain or loss accounted for in the profit and loss account. An integral foreign operation is a subsidiary, associate, joint venture or branch of the reporting enterprise, the activities of which are based or conducted in a country other than the country of the reporting enterprise but are an integral part of the reporting enterprise. |
| · | For non-integral foreign operations, at the quarterly average closing rates with the resultant gains or losses accounted for as foreign currency translation reserve. |
Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations are translated at closing exchange rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association of India (“FEDAI”) at the balance sheet date and the resulting profits/losses are included in the profit and loss account.
Both monetary and non-monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at closing exchange rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealer’s Association of India at the balance sheet date and the resulting profits/losses from exchange differences are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until the disposal of the net investment in the non-integral foreign operations.
The premium or discount arising on inception of forward exchange contracts that are entered to establish the amount of reporting currency required or available at the settlement date of a transaction is amortized over the life of the contract. All other outstanding forward exchange contracts are revalued at the exchange rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealer’s Association of India for specified maturities and at interpolated rates for contracts of interim maturities. The resultant gains or losses are recognized in the profit and loss account.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Contingent liabilities on account of guarantees, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currency are disclosed at the closing exchange rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealer’s Association of India at the balance sheet date.
| · | Interest income is recognized in the profit and loss account as it accrues except in the case of non-performing assets (“NPAs”) where it is recognized, upon realization, as per the income recognition and asset classification norms of RBI. |
| · | Income from hire purchase operations is accrued by applying the implicit interest rate on outstanding balances. |
| · | Income from leases is calculated by applying the interest rate implicit in the lease to the net investment outstanding on the lease over the primary lease period. Leases entered until March 31, 2001 have been accounted for as operating leases. |
| · | Income on discounted instruments is recognized over the tenure of the instrument on a constant yield basis. |
| · | Dividend income is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established. |
| · | Loan processing fee is accounted for upfront when it becomes due except in the case of foreign banking subsidiaries, where it is amortized over the period of the loan. |
| · | Project appraisal / structuring fee is accounted for at the completion of the agreed service. |
| · | Arranger fee is accounted for as income when a significant portion of the arrangement / syndication is completed. |
| · | Commission received on guarantees issued is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the guarantee. |
| · | All other fees are accounted for as and when they become due. |
| · | Net income arising from sell down/securitization of loan assets prior to February 1, 2006 has been recognized upfront as interest income. With effect from February 1, 2006, net income arising from securitization of loan assets is amortized over the life of securities issued or to be issued by the special purpose vehicle / special purpose entity to which the assets are sold. Net income arising from sale of loan assets through direct assignment, with any recourse obligation is amortized over the life of underlying assets sold and sale of loan assets through direct assignment, without any recourse obligation, is recognized at the time of sale. |
| · | Income from brokerage activities is recognized as income on the trade date of the transaction. Brokerage income in relation to public or other issuances of securities is recognized based on mobilization and terms of agreement with the client. The Group follows the trade date method for accounting of its investments. |
| · | Life insurance premium is recognized as income when due. Premium on lapsed policies is recognized as income when such policies are reinstated. Top-up premiums are considered as |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
| | single premium. For linked business, premium is recognized when the associated units are created. Income from linked funds, which includes fund management charges, policy administration charges, mortality charges etc., is recovered from the linked fund in accordance with the terms and conditions of the policy and accounted on accrual basis. |
| · | In case of general insurance business, premium is recorded for the policy period at the commencement of risk and for installment cases, it is recorded on installment due dates. Premium earned is recognized as income over the period of risk or the contract period based on 1/365 method, whichever is appropriate, on a gross basis, net of service tax. Any subsequent revision to premium is recognized over the remaining period of risk or contract period. Adjustments to premium income arising on cancellation of policies are recognized in the period in which the policies are cancelled. Commission on reinsurance business is recognized as income in the period of ceding the risk. Profit commission under reinsurance treaties, wherever applicable, is recognized as income in the period of determination of profits and combined with commission on reinsurance ceded. |
| �� | In case of general insurance business, insurance premium on ceding of the risk is recognized in the period in which the risk commences. Any subsequent revision to premium ceded is recognized in the period of such revision. Adjustment to reinsurance premium arising on cancellation of policies is recognized in the period in which it is cancelled. In case of life insurance business, cost of reinsurance ceded is accounted for at the time of recognition of premium income in accordance with the treaty or in-principle arrangement with the reinsurer. Profit commission on reinsurance ceded is netted off against premium ceded on reinsurance. |
| · | In case of general insurance business, premium deficiency is recognized when the sum of expected claim costs and related expenses exceed the reserve for unexpired risks and is computed at a business segment level. |
3. | Stock based compensation |
The following entities within the Group have granted stock options to their employees.
· | ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited |
· | ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited |
· | ICICI Securities Limited |
The Employee Stock Option Scheme (“the Scheme”) of ICICI Bank Limited provides for grant of equity shares of the Bank to whole time directors and employees of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The scheme provides that employees are granted an option to acquire equity shares of the Bank that vests in a graded manner. The options may be exercised within a specified period. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited have also formulated similar stock option schemes for their employees. ICICI Securities Limited has approved an Employee Stock Option Scheme for its employees.
The Group follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock-based employee’s compensation plans. Compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair market price of the underlying stock over the exercise price. The fair market price is the latest closing price, immediately prior to the date of the Board of Directors meeting in which the options are granted, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date shall be considered. In case of ICICI
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Securities Limited, the fair value of the shares is determined based on an external valuation report.
Since the exercise price of the Bank’s stock options is equal to the fair value price there is no compensation cost under the intrinsic value method.
The Group’s venture capital subsidiary i.e., ICICI Venture Fund Management Company Limited settled carried interest trusts for the benefit of its employees. These trusts have investment in a separate class of units of certain fully consolidated funds. These carried interest entitlements are treated as employee compensation and are accounted for at the time of granting of the awards by the trust to the employees. The liability is re-measured at each reporting date and the carried interest entitlements are recognized as expense in the period of realization of proceeds from the underlying investments of the funds.
The Finance Act, 2007 introduced Fringe Benefit Tax (“FBT”) on employees’ stock options. The FBT liability crystallizes on the date of exercise of stock options by employees and is computed on the difference between fair market value on date of vesting and the exercise price. FBT is recovered from employees as per the Scheme.
Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax, deferred tax and fringe benefit tax borne by the bank. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax adjustments comprise of changes in the deferred tax assets or liabilities during the period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized on a prudent basis for the future tax consequences of timing differences arising between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, and carry-forward losses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the profit and loss account.
Deferred tax assets are recognized and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon management’s judgment as to whether their realization is considered certain.
In the consolidated financial statements, deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed at individual entity level and aggregated for consolidated reporting.
The Group has a comprehensive system of maintenance of information and documents required by transfer pricing legislation under section 92-92F of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The management is of the opinion that all international transactions are at arm’s length so that the above legislation will not have material impact on the financial statements.
5. | Claims and benefits paid |
In cases of general insurance business, claims incurred comprise claims paid, estimated liability for outstanding claims made following a loss occurrence reported and estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) and claims incurred but not enough reported (“IBNER”). Further, claims incurred also include specific claim settlement costs such as survey/legal fees and other directly attributable costs. Claims (net of amounts receivable from reinsurers/co-insurers) are recognized on the date of intimation of the loss based on estimates from surveyors/insured. Estimated liability for outstanding claims at the balance sheet date is recorded net of claims recoverable from/payable to co-
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
insurers/reinsurers and salvage to the extent there is certainty of realization. Estimated liability for outstanding claims is determined by the entity on the basis of ultimate amounts likely to be paid on each claim based on past experience. These estimates are progressively revalidated on availability of further information. Claims IBNR represent that amount of claims that may have been incurred during the accounting year but have not been reported or claimed. The claims IBNR provision also includes provision, if any, required for claims IBNER. Estimated liability for claims IBNR/claims IBNER is based on an actuarial estimate duly certified by the appointed actuary of the entity. In case of life insurance business, claims other than maturity claims are accounted for on receipt of intimation. Maturity claims are accounted when due for payment. Reinsurance on such claims is accounted for in the same period as the related claims. Withdrawals under linked policies are accounted in the respective schemes.
6. | Liability for life policies in force |
In respect of life insurance business, liability for life policies in force and also policies in respect of which premium has been discontinued but a liability exists, is determined by the appointed actuary on the basis of an annual review of the life insurance business, as per the gross premium method in accordance with accepted actuarial practice, requirements of the IRDA and the Actuarial Society of India. The linked policies sold by the entity carry two types of liabilities – unit liability representing the fund value of policies and non-unit liability for future expenses, meeting death claims, income taxes and cost of any guarantees.
7. | Reserve for unexpired risk |
Reserve for unexpired risk is recognized net of reinsurance ceded and represents premium written that is attributable and to be allocated to succeeding accounting periods for risks to be borne by the entity under contractual obligations on a contract-period basis or risk-period basis, whichever is appropriate. It is calculated on a daily pro-rata basis subject to a minimum of 50% of the premium, written on policies during the twelve months preceding the balance sheet date for fire, marine, cargo and miscellaneous business and 100% for marine hull business, on all unexpired policies at the balance sheet date, in accordance with the provisions of the Insurance Act, 1938.
8. | Actuarial method and valuation |
In case of life insurance business, the actuarial liability on both participating and non-participating policies is calculated using the gross premium method, using assumptions for interest, mortality, expense and inflation, and in the case of participating policies, future bonuses together with allowance for taxation and allocation of profits to shareholders. These assumptions are determined as prudent estimates at the date of valuation with allowances for adverse deviations. No allowance is made for expected lapses.
The interest rates used for valuing the liabilities are in the range of 4.7% to 10.0% per annum (Previous year – 4.7% to 10% per annum).
Mortality rates used are based on the published LIC (1994 – 96) Ultimate Mortality Table for assurances and LIC 96-98 table for annuities, adjusted to reflect expected experience while morbidity rates used are based on CIBT 93 table, adjusted to reflect expected experience.
Expenses are provided for at long-term expected renewal expense levels. Per policy renewal expenses are assumed to inflate at 5.50% per annum.
Unearned premium reserves are held for the unexpired portion of the risk for the general fund liabilities of linked business and riders thereunder and one year renewable group term insurance.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
The unit liability in respect of linked business has been taken as the value of the units standing to the credit of policyholders, using the net asset value (NAV) prevailing at the valuation date. The adequacy of charges under unit-linked policies to meet future expenses has been tested and provision made as appropriate. Provision has also been made for the cost of guarantee under unit-linked products that carry a guarantee.
9. | Acquisition costs for insurance business |
Acquisition costs are those costs that vary with, and are primarily related to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts including commissions and policy issue expenses. These costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
10. | Staff retirement benefits |
Gratuity
ICICI Bank pays gratuity to employees who retire or resign after a minimum period of five years of continuous service and in case of employees at overseas locations as per the rules in force in the respective countries. ICICI Bank makes contributions to four separate gratuity funds, for employees inducted from erstwhile ICICI Limited (erstwhile ICICI), employees inducted from erstwhile Bank of Madura, employees inducted from The Sangli Bank Limited (erstwhile Sangli Bank) and employees of ICICI Bank other than employees inducted from erstwhile ICICI, erstwhile Sangli Bank and erstwhile Bank of Madura.
Separate gratuity funds for employees inducted from erstwhile ICICI, erstwhile Bank of Madura and erstwhile Sangli Bank are managed by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. The gratuity fund for employees of ICICI Bank, other than employees inducted from erstwhile ICICI, erstwhile Bank of Madura and erstwhile Sangli Bank is administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited.
Actuarial valuation of the gratuity liability for all the above funds is determined by an actuary appointed by the Bank. In accordance with the gratuity fund’s rules, actuarial valuation of gratuity liability is calculated based on certain assumptions regarding rate of interest, salary growth, mortality and staff attrition as per the projected unit credit method.
Superannuation Fund
ICICI Bank contributes 15.0% of the total annual basic salary of each employee to a superannuation fund for ICICI Bank employees. The employee gets an option on retirement or resignation to commute one-third of the total credit balance in his / her account and receive a monthly pension based on the remaining balance. In the event of death of an employee, his or her beneficiary receives the remaining accumulated balance. ICICI Bank also gives a cash option to its employees, allowing them to receive the amount contributed by ICICI Bank in their monthly salary during their employment. Up to March 31, 2005, the superannuation fund was administered solely by the Life Insurance Corporation of India. Subsequent to March 31, 2005, the fund is being administered by both Life Insurance Corporation of India and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. Employees had the option to retain the existing balance with Life Insurance Corporation of India or seek a transfer to ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Pension
The Bank provides for pension, a deferred retirement plan covering certain employees of erstwhile Bank of Madura and certain employees of erstwhile Sangli Bank. The plan provides for a pension payment on a monthly basis to these employees on their retirement based on the respective employee’s salary and years of employment with the Bank. For erstwhile Sangli Bank and erstwhile Bank of Madura employees in service, separate pension funds are managed in-house and the liability is totally funded as per the valuation arrived by the actuary. The pension payments to retired employees of erstwhile Sangli Bank and erstwhile Bank of Madura are being administered by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, for whom the Bank has purchased master annuity policies. Employees covered by the pension plan are not eligible for benefits under the provident fund plan, a defined contribution plan.
Provident Fund
ICICI Bank is statutorily required to maintain a provident fund as a part of retirement benefits to its employees. There are separate provident funds for employees inducted from erstwhile Bank of Madura and erstwhile Sangli Bank (other than those employees who have opted for pension), and for other employees of ICICI Bank. In-house trustees manage these funds. Each employee contributes 12.0% of his or her basic salary (10.0% for certain staff of erstwhile Bank of Madura and erstwhile Sangli Bank) and ICICI Bank contributes an equal amount to the funds. The funds are invested according to rules prescribed by the Government of India.
Leave Encashment
The Bank provides for leave encashment benefit, which is a defined benefit scheme, based on actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date conducted by an independent actuary.
In respect of retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and other defined contribution schemes of other entities within the group, the contribution payable by the entity for the year is charged to the profit and loss account for that year. In respect of gratuity benefit and other benefit schemes, where the entity makes payments for retirement benefits out of its own funds, provisions are made in the profit and loss account based on actuarial valuation.
11. | Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets |
The Group estimates the probability of any loss that might be incurred on outcome of contingencies on the basis of information available up to the date on which the consolidated financial statements are prepared. A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, supplemented by experience of similar transactions. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current estimates. In cases where the available information indicates that the loss on the contingency is reasonably possible but the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, a disclosure to this effect is made in the consolidated financial statements. In case of remote possibility neither provision nor disclosure is made in the consolidated financial statements. The Group does not account for contingent assets, if any.
12. | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, balances with RBI, balances with other banks and money at call and short notice.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Investments of the Bank are accounted for in accordance with the extant RBI guidelines on investment classification and valuation as given below:
a) | All investments are categorized into “Held to Maturity”, “Available for Sale” and “Held for Trading” categories. Reclassifications, if any, in any category are accounted for as per the RBI guidelines. |
Under each category, the investments are further classified under (a) government securities, (b) other approved securities, (c) shares, (d) bonds and debentures (e) subsidiaries and joint ventures and (f) others.
b) | “Held to Maturity” securities are carried at their acquisition cost or at amortized cost, if acquired at a premium over the face value. Any premium over the face value of the securities acquired is amortized over the remaining period to maturity on the basis of constant effective yield. A provision is made for other than temporary diminution in the profit and loss account. |
c) | “Available for Sale” and “Held for Trading” securities are valued periodically as per RBI guidelines. Any premium over the face value of the investments in government securities classified as “Available for Sale” is amortized over the remaining period to maturity on the basis of constant effective yield. Quoted investments are valued based on the trades / quotes on the recognized stock exchanges, subsidiary general ledger account transactions, price list of RBI or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (“FIMMDA”), periodically. |
The market / fair value of unquoted government and other approved securities (“SLR” securities) included in the “Available for Sale” and “Held for Trading” categories is as per the rates published by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association. The valuation of other than government and other approved securities (“Non-SLR securities”), other than those quoted on the stock exchanges, wherever linked to the Yield-to-Maturity (“YTM”) rates, is computed with a mark-up (reflecting associated credit risk) over the YTM rates for government securities published by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association.
Unquoted equity shares are valued at the book value, if the latest balance sheet is available or at Re. 1 as per RBI guidelines.
Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation aggregated for each category. Net appreciation, if any, in each basket, being unrealized, is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
d) | Costs including brokerage and commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the profit and loss account. |
e) | Profit on sale of investments in the “Held to Maturity” category is credited to the profit and loss account and is thereafter appropriated (net of applicable taxes and statutory reserve requirements) to capital reserve. Profit on sale of investments in “Available for sale” and “Held for Trading” categories is credited to profit and loss account. |
f) | Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions are accounted for in accordance with the extant RBI guidelines. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
g) | Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item. |
h) | At the end of each reporting period, security receipts issued by the asset reconstruction company are valued in accordance with the guidelines applicable to such investments, prescribed by RBI from time to time. Accordingly, in cases where the cash flows from security receipts issued by the asset reconstruction company are limited to the actual realization of the financial assets assigned to the instruments in the concerned scheme, the Bank uses the Net Asset Value (“NAV”), obtained from the asset reconstruction company from time to time, for valuation of such investments at each reporting year end. |
i) | The Bank follows trade-date method for accounting of its investments. |
The Bank’s venture capital funds carry investments at fair values, with unrealized gains and temporary losses on investments recognized as components of investors’ equity and accounted for in the unrealized investment reserve account. The realized gains and losses on investments and units in mutual funds and unrealized gains or losses on revaluation of units in mutual funds are accounted for in the profit and loss account. Provisions are made in respect of accrued income considered doubtful. Such provisions as well as any subsequent recoveries are recorded through the profit and loss account. Subscription to/purchase of investments are accounted at the cost of acquisition inclusive of brokerage, commission and stamp duty. Bonus shares and right entitlements are recorded when such benefits are known. Quoted investments are valued on the valuation date at the closing market price. Quoted investments that are not traded on the valuation date but are traded during the two months prior to the valuation date are valued at the latest known closing price. An appropriate discount is applied where the asset management company considers it necessary to reflect restrictions on disposal. Quoted investments not traded during the two months prior to the valuation date are treated as unquoted. Unquoted investments are valued at their estimated fair values by applying appropriate valuation methods. Where there is a decline, other than temporary in the carrying amounts of investments, the resultant reduction in the carrying amount is charged to the profit and loss account during the period in which such decline is identified.
The Bank’s investment banking subsidiary classifies its investments as short-term and trading or as long-term investments. The securities held with the intention of holding for short-term and trading are classified as stock-in-trade and the securities acquired with the intention of holding till maturity or for a longer period are classified as long-term investments. Investments are carried at cost arrived at on weighted average basis. Appropriate provision is made for other than temporary diminution in the value of investments. Commission earned in respect of securities acquired upon devolvement is reduced from the cost of acquisition.
The Bank’s housing finance subsidiary classifies its investments as current investments and long-term investments. Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments, which are carried at the lower of cost or the market value. All other investments are classified as long-term investments, which are carried at cost. However a provision for diminution in value is made to recognize any other than temporary decline in the value of investments. Costs such as brokerage, commissions etc., paid at the time of acquisition of investments are included in the investment cost.
The Bank’s United Kingdom and Canadian subsidiaries account for unrealized gain/loss, net of tax, on investment in the “Available for sale” category directly in their reserves. Further, in the case of the Bank’s United Kingdom and Canadian subsidiaries, unrealized gain/loss on investment in the “Held for Trading” category is accounted directly in the profit and loss account.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
In the case of life and general insurance businesses, investments are made in accordance with the Insurance Act, 1938, the IRDA (Investment) Regulations, 2000, and various other circulars / notifications issued by the IRDA in this context from time to time. Investments are recorded at cost on the date of purchase, which includes brokerage and taxes, if any, and excludes accrued interest.
14. | Provisions/write-offs on loans and other credit facilities |
All credit exposures of the Bank are classified as per RBI guidelines, into performing and non-performing assets (“NPAs”). Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by RBI. In the case of corporate loans, provisions are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and the unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. Subject to the minimum provisioning levels prescribed by RBI, provision for homogeneous retail loans/receivables is assessed at a portfolio level, on the basis of days past due. The Bank holds specific provisions against non-performing loans, general provision against performing loans and floating provisions. The assessment of incremental specific provisions is made after taking into consideration all of the above. The specific provisions on retail loans held by the Bank are higher than the minimum regulatory requirements.
For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made by the Bank in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires a provision equal to the present value of the interest sacrifice to be made at the time of restructuring.
In the case of NPAs other than restructured NPA accounts, the account is upgraded to the standard category, if arrears of interest and principal are fully paid by the borrower.
In respect of non-performing loan accounts subjected to restructuring, the account is upgraded to standard only after the specified period i.e., a period of one year after the date when first payment of interest or of principal, whichever is earlier, falls due, subject to satisfactory performance of the account during the period.
Amounts recovered against debts written off in earlier years and provisions no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower are recognized in the profit and loss account.
In addition to the specific provision on NPAs, the Bank maintains a general provision on performing loans. The general provision meets the requirements of the RBI guidelines.
In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held by the Bank for individual country exposure (other than for home country). The countries are categorized into seven-risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provisioning made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the provision is required to be held. If the country exposure (net) of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total funded assets, no provision is required on such country exposure.
In the case of the Bank’s investment-banking subsidiary, the policy of provisioning against NPAs is as per the prudential norms prescribed by the RBI for non-banking financial companies. As per the policy adopted, the provisions against sub-standard assets are determined, taking into account management’s perception of the higher risk associated with the business of the company. Certain NPAs are considered as loss assets and full provision has been made against such assets.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
In case of the Bank’s housing finance subsidiary, loans and other credit facilities are classified as per the National Housing Bank guidelines into performing and non-performing assets. Further, NPA’s are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on criteria stipulated by National Housing Bank. Additional provisions are made against specific non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
In the case of the Bank’s United Kingdom and Canadian subsidiaries, loans are stated net of allowance for credit losses. Loans are classified as impaired when there is no longer reasonable assurance of the timely collection of the full amount of principal or interest. An allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level that management considers adequate to absorb identified credit related losses as well as losses that have been incurred but are not yet identifiable.
15. | Transfer and servicing of assets |
The Bank transfers commercial and consumer loans through securitization transactions. The transferred loans are de-recognized and gains / losses are accounted for only if the Bank surrenders the rights to benefits specified in the loan contract. Recourse and servicing obligations are accounted for net of provisions.
In accordance with RBI guidelines, with effect from February 1, 2006, the Bank accounts for any loss arising from securitization immediately at the time of sale and the profit / premium arising from securitization is amortized over the life of the securities issued or to be issued by the special purpose vehicle to which the assets are sold. In the case of loans sold to an asset reconstruction company the gain, if any, is ignored.
16. | Fixed assets and depreciation |
Premises and other fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset. Depreciation is charged over the estimated useful life of a fixed asset on a straight-line basis, except for those relating to venture capital subsidiary where depreciation is charged on a written down value method. The rates of depreciation for fixed assets are not lower than the rates prescribed in schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation on leased assets and leasehold improvements is recognized on a straight-line basis using rates determined with reference to the primary period of lease or rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is higher.
Assets purchased / sold during the year are depreciated on a pro-rata basis for the actual number of days the asset has been put to use.
Items costing up to Rs. 5,000/- are depreciated fully over a period of 12 months from the date of purchase.
In the case of the Bank’s life insurance subsidiary, intangible assets comprising software are stated at cost less amortization. Significant improvements to software are capitalized while the insignificant improvements are charged off as software expenses. Software expenses, that are capitalized, are amortized on straight-line method over a period of four years from the date they are put to use, being management’s estimate of the useful life of such intangibles. Depreciation on furniture and fixtures is charged at 15% per annum.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
In case of the Bank’s general insurance and housing finance subsidiary, computer software is stated at cost less amortization. Computer software including improvements is amortized over a period of five years, being management’s estimate of the useful life of such intangibles.
17. | Accounting for derivative contracts |
The Group enters into derivative contracts such as foreign currency options, interest rate and currency swaps, credit default swaps and cross currency interest rate swaps for hedging or for trading purposes.
The swap contracts entered to hedge on-balance sheet assets and liabilities are structured such that they bear an opposite and offsetting impact with the underlying on-balance sheet items. The impact of such derivative instruments is correlated with the movement of underlying assets and accounted pursuant to the principles of hedge accounting. Hedged swaps/options are accounted for on an accrual basis except in the case of the Bank’s United Kingdom and Canadian subsidiaries, where the hedging transactions and the hedged items (for the risks being hedged) are measured at fair value with changes recognized in the profit and loss account.
Foreign currency and rupee derivative contracts entered into for trading purposes are marked to market and the resulting gain/loss, (net of provisions, if any) is accounted for in the profit and loss account.
Fixed assets and certain intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset with future net discounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment is recognized by debiting the profit and loss account and is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
19. | Earnings per share (“EPS”) |
A basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the period. A diluted earnings per equity share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding during the period, except where the results are anti-dilutive.
.
Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognized as an expense in the profit and loss account over the lease term.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
SCHEDULE 19: NOTES FORMING PART OF THE ACCOUNTS
A. | The following additional disclosures have been made taking into account the requirements of accounting standards and RBI guidelines in this regard. |
1. Merger of The Sangli Bank Limited
The Sangli Bank Limited (Sangli Bank), a banking company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and licensed by RBI under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 was amalgamated with ICICI Bank with effect from April 19, 2007 in terms of the Scheme of Amalgamation (the Scheme) approved by the Reserve Bank of India vide its order DBOD No. PSBD 10268/16.01.128/2006-07 dated April 18, 2007 under section 44A (4) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The consideration for the amalgamation was 100 equity shares of ICICI Bank of the face value Rs. 10/- each fully paid-up for every 925 equity shares of Rs. 10/- each of Sangli Bank. Accordingly on May 28, 2007, ICICI Bank allotted 3,455,008 equity shares of Rs. 10/- each to the shareholders of Sangli Bank.
As per the Scheme, the entire undertaking of Sangli Bank including all its assets and liabilities stood transferred / deemed to be transferred to and vest in the Bank.
The amalgamation has been accounted as per the Scheme in accordance with the purchase method of accounting as per Accounting Standard 14 (AS-14) “Accounting for Amalgamation” issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Accordingly the assets and liabilities of Sangli Bank have been accounted at the values at which they were appearing in the books of Sangli Bank as on April 18, 2007 and provisions were made for the difference between the book values appearing in the books of Sangli Bank and the fair value as determined by ICICI Bank.
In the books of ICICI Bank, an “Amalgamation Expenses Provision Account” was credited by an amount determined for the expenses and costs of the Scheme arising as a direct consequence on account of any changes in the business or operation of Sangli Bank proposed or considered necessary by the Board of Directors of ICICI Bank (including but not limited to rationalization, up gradation and enhancement of human resources and expenses relating to modifying signage, modifying stationery, branding, changing systems and network, communication including media costs, impairments of technology and fixed assets, conducting general meetings, payments of listing fees and other statutory and regulatory charges, travel in relation to the consolidation contemplated in the Scheme, valuation, due diligence, investment banking expenses and charges relating to preparation of the Scheme, consultations in relation to the consolidation contemplated in the Scheme and training), and other extraordinary expenses on integration and consolidation under the Scheme, to be incurred by the Bank and the balance in such account has been debited to the securities premium account.
Accordingly, the excess of the paid-up value of the shares issued over the fair value of the net assets acquired (including reserves) of Rs. 3,259.5 million and amalgamation expenses of Rs. 222.7 million has been netted off from the securities premium account. The computation of this amount is detailed in the table below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Rupees in million
Particulars | | Amount | | | Amount | |
3,455,008 equity shares of face value of Rs. 10/- each | | | | | | 34.6 | |
Less: | | | | | | | |
Net assets of Sangli Bank at April 18, 2007 | | | (2,500.7 | ) | | | | |
Fair value adjustments | | | (517.7 | ) | | | | |
Reserves taken over on amalgamation | | | (206.5 | ) | | | (3,224.9 | ) |
Excess of the paid-up value of the shares issued over the fair value of the net assets acquired | | | | | | | (3,259.5 | ) |
Amalgamation expenses | | | | | | | (222.7 | ) |
As per Accounting Standard – 14 (AS-14) on Accounting for Amalgamations issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, under the “purchase method” of accounting for amalgamation, the identity of reserves of the amalgamating entity is not required to be preserved in the books of ICICI Bank. However, the balance in the Statutory Reserve Account of Sangli Bank at April 18, 2007 has been added to the Statutory Reserves of ICICI Bank. As a result, the balance in Statutory Reserve is higher to the extent of Rs. 206.5 million and, the excess of the paid-up value of the share issued over the fair value of the net assets acquired is lower to that extent.
2. Equity issue of ICICI Bank Limited
The Bank made a follow on public offering of equity shares (including green shoe option) and American Depository Share’s (“ADSs”) vide its prospectus dated June 26, 2007 and June 23, 2007, respectively aggregating to Rs. 199,673.5 million. The expenses of the issue amounting to Rs. 1,846.6 million have been written-off against the securities premium account as per the object of the issue. The details of the equity issue and ADSs are given in the table below:
Rupees in million, except number of shares
Details | | No. of equity shares | | | Amount of securities premium | | | Aggregate proceeds | |
Equity shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of Rs. 930 per share | | | 61,923,519 | | | | 57,588.9 | | | | 58,208.1 | |
Equity shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of Rs. 880 per share1 | | | 32,912,238 | | | | 28,962.7 | | | | 29,291.9 | |
Equity shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of Rs. 930 per share issued under green-shoe options | | | 13,762,869 | | | | 12,799.5 | | | | 12,937.1 | |
49,949,238 American Depository Share (“ADSs”) at a price of US$ 49.25 per ADSs 1,2,3 | | | 99,898,476 | | | | 98,237.4 | | | | 99,236.4 | |
Total | | | 208,497,102 | | | | 197,588.5 | | | | 199,673.5 | |
1. | Includes 6,497,462 ADSs issued on exercise of the green-shoe option. |
2. | 1 ADS = 2 Equity shares of Rs.10/- each. |
3. | Converted at US $ 1 = Rs. 40.34, being noon buying rate on the date of allotment. |
3. Earnings per share (“EPS”)
Basic and diluted earnings per equity share are computed in accordance with Accounting Standard 20, “Earnings per Share”. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding during the year.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
The computation of earnings per share is given below:
Rupees in million, except per share data
| | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Basic | | | | | | |
Weighted average no. of equity shares outstanding | | | 892,820,768 | | | | 1,055,591,068 | |
Net profit | | | 27,606.3 | | | | 33,982.3 | |
Basic earnings per share (Rs.) | | | 30.92 | | | | 32.19 | |
Diluted | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average no. of equity shares outstanding | | | 897,743,476 | | | | 1,062,103,167 | |
Net profit | | | 27,606.3 | | | | 33,982.3 | |
Diluted earnings per share (Rs.) | | | 30.75 | | | | 32.00 | |
Normal value per share (Rs.) | | | 10.00 | | | | 10.00 | |
The dilutive impact is mainly due to options granted to employees by the Bank.
4. Related party transactions
The Group has transactions with its related parties and key management personnel.
Associates / other related entities
Financial Information Networks & Operations Limited, I-Process Services (India) Private Limited, I-Solutions Providers (India) Private Limited, NIIT Institute of Finance, Banking And Insurance Training Limited, ICICI Venture Value Fund, Comm Trade Services Limited, Loyalty Solutions & Research Limited, Café Network Limited, Traveljini.com Limited and Firstsource Solutions Limited (Bank’s holding is 24.97% as on March 31, 2008).
With respect to entities, which have been identified as related parties from the financial year ended March 31, 2008, the previous year’s comparative figures have not been reported.
Key management personnel include whole-time directors. The following are the significant transactions by the Group with its associates / other related entities and key management personnel.
Insurance services
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group received insurance premium from associates / other related entities of Rs. 116.8 million. During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group paid claims associates / other related entities of Rs. 94.3 million.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Fees and commission
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group received fees from associates / other related entities of Rs. 107.4 million. During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group received commission amounting to Rs. 7.4 million from associates / other related entities.
Lease of premises and facilities
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group charged an aggregate amount of Rs. 2.3 million for lease of premises, facilities and other administrative costs to associates / other related entities.
Secondment of employees
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group received Rs. 1.8 million from its associates/other related entities for secondment of employees.
Redemption / buyback of investments
During the year ended March 31, 2008, consideration of Rs. 26.8 million was received on account of buyback / capital reduction of equity shares from associates / other related entities.
Reimbursement of expenses
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group reimbursed expenses to its associates / other related entities amounting to Rs. 0.8 million.
Brokerage and fee expenses
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group paid fees to associates / other related entities of Rs. 2,595.1 million.
Purchase of investments
Group invested in the equity and preference shares of its associates / other related entities amounting to Rs. 57.5 million.
Interest expenses
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group paid interest to associates / other related entities amounting to Rs. 27.4 million.
Interest income
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Group received interest from associates / other related entities amounting to Rs. 20.5 million, and received interest from its key management personnel amounting to Rs. 0.7 million (March 31, 2007, Rs. 0.7 million).
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Dividend paid
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Bank paid dividend to its key management personnel amounting to Rs. 15.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 4.4 million).
Remuneration to whole-time directors
Remuneration paid to the whole-time directors of the Bank during the year ended March 31, 2008 was Rs. 90.3 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 87.0 million).
Related party balances
The following are the balances payable to/receivable from associates/other related entities included in the balance sheet as on March 31, 2008.
Rupees in million
Items | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Deposits with Group | | | 234.4 | |
Advances | | | 142.8 | |
Investment of ICICI Group in related parties | | | 1,869.7 | |
Receivables | | | 174.4 | |
Payables | | | 376.6 | |
The following are the balances payable to/receivable for key management personnel as on March 31, 2008.
Rupees in million
Items | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Deposits | | | 51.6 | | | | 27.1 | |
Advances | | | 20.6 | | | | 13.9 | |
Investments | | | 14.0 | | | | 8.6 | |
Employee Stock Option Outstanding# (Nos.) | | | 1,920,000 | | | | 2,860,625 | |
Employee Stock Option Exercised | | | 459.2 | | | | 138.1 | |
#. During the year ended March 31, 2008, 317,125 employee stock options were exercised by the key management personnel of the Bank (March 31, 2007: 1,884,750).
The following are the balances payable to/receivable for relatives of key management personnel as on March 31, 2008.
Rupees in million
Items | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Deposits | | | 28.1 | | | | 14.1 | |
Investments | | | 0.1 | | | | 0.5 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
The following balances represent the maximum balance payable to / receivable from key management personnel during the year ended March 31, 2008.
Rupees in million
Items | | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Deposits | | | 69.7 | | | | 71.4 | |
Advances | | | 20.8 | | | | 28.1 | |
Investments | | | 14.0 | | | | 10.8 | |
The following balances represent the maximum balance payable to / receivable from relatives of key management personnel during the year ended March 31, 2008.
Rupees in million
Items | | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Deposits | | | 59.3 | | | | 22.5 | |
Investments | | | 0.1 | | | | 1.6 | |
5. Employee stock option scheme (“ESOS”)
In terms of the ESOS, as amended, the maximum number of options granted to any eligible employee in a financial year shall not exceed 0.05% of the issued equity shares of the Bank at the time of grant of the options and aggregate of all such options granted to the eligible employees shall not exceed 5% of the aggregate number of the issued equity shares of the Bank on the date(s) of the grant of options. Under the stock option scheme, options vest in a graded manner over a four-year period, with 20%, 20%, 30% and 30% of grants vesting each year, commencing from the end of 12 months from the date of grant. The options can be exercised within 10 years from the date of grant or five years from the date of vesting, whichever is later.
In terms of the scheme 15,638,152 options (March 31, 2007: 13,187,783 options) granted to eligible employees were outstanding at March 31, 2008.
As per the scheme, the exercise price of ICICI Bank’s options is the last closing price on the stock exchange, which recorded highest trading volume preceding the date of grant of options. Hence, there is no compensation cost in the year ended March 31, 2008 based on intrinsic value of options. However, if ICICI Bank had used the fair value of options based on the Black-Scholes model, compensation cost for the year ended March 31, 2008 would have been higher by Rs. 1,259.9 million and pro forma profit after tax would have been Rs. 40,317.4 million. On a pro forma basis, ICICI Bank’s basic and diluted earnings per share would have been Rs. 38.19 and Rs. 37.96, respectively. The key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the year ended March 31, 2008 are given below:
Risk-free interest rate | 7.12% to 8.11 % |
Expected life | 2 to 6 years |
Expected volatility | 36.26% to 38.01 % |
Expected dividend yield | 1.07% |
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended March 31, 2008 is Rs. 376.39.
A summary of the status of the Bank’s stock option plan is given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Rupees, except number of options
| | Stock options outstanding | |
| | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Particulars | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | | 17,362,584 | | | | 262.60 | | | | 13,187,783 | | | | 442.50 | |
Add: Granted during the year | | | 6,439,900 | | | | 582.26 | | | | 4,956,300 | | | | 938.41 | |
Less: Lapsed during the year | | | 1,127,650 | | | | 422.81 | | | | 1,037,218 | | | | 582.51 | |
Exercised during the year1 | | | 9,487,051 | | | | 210.47 | | | | 1,468,713 | | | | 379.34 | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | | 13,187,783 | | | | 442.50 | | | | 15,638,152 | | | | 596.32 | |
Options exercisable | | | 326,259 | | | | 225.80 | | | | 3,272,292 | | | | 411.89 | |
1. Excludes options exercised by employees in respect of which equity shares are pending allotment.
A summary of stock options outstanding as on March 31, 2008 is given below:
Range of exercise price (Rupees per share) | | Number of shares arising out of options (Number of shares) | | Weighted average exercise price (Rupees) | | Weighted average remaining contractual life (Number of years) |
105-299 | | 164,951 | | 151.20 | | 3.75 |
300-599 | | 10,641,216 | | 448.87 | | 7.32 |
600-999 | | 4,745,985 | | 932.63 | | 9.08 |
1,000-1,399 | | 86,000 | | 1,135.27 | | 9.68 |
The options were exercised regularly throughout the year and weighted average share price as per NSE price volume data during the year ended March 31, 2008 was Rs.1,044.02 (March 31, 2007: Rs. 750.58).
The Finance Act, 2007 introduced Fringe Benefit Tax (“FBT”) on employee stock options. The FBT liability crystallizes on the date of exercise of stock options by employees and is computed based on the difference between fair market value of the equity shares on the date of vesting and the exercise price. As per the ESOS scheme, FBT of Rs. 226.7 million has been recovered from the employees on 1,468,713 stock options exercised during the year ended March 31, 2008.
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, has formulated five ESOS schemes, namely “Founder option I”, “FY 2004-05 scheme”, “FY 2005-06 scheme”, ”FY 2006-07 scheme” and “Founder option II”.
For ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, there is no compensation cost in the year ended March 31, 2008 based on intrinsic value of options. If the entity had used the fair value of options based on the Black-Scholes model, compensation cost for the year ended March 31, 2008 would have been higher by Rs. 135.3 million. The key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options are given below:
Risk-free interest rate | 6.87%-8.00% |
Expected life | 3 to 5 years |
Expected volatility | 28.65% |
Expected dividend yield | 1.50% |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
A summary of the status of the stock option plan of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited is given below:
Rupees, except number of options
| | Stock options outstanding | |
| | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Particulars | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | | 5,572,600 | | | | 37.07 | | | | 7,279,964 | | | | 58.17 | |
Add: Granted during the year | | | 4,667,750 | | | | 70.00 | | | | 7,004,675 | | | | 130.00 | |
Less: Forfeited / lapsed during the year | | | 564,850 | | | | 48.04 | | | | 1,464,563 | | | | 86.02 | |
Exercised during the year1 | | | 2,395,536 | | | | 34.11 | | | | 135,799 | | | | 59.08 | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | | 7,279,964 | | | | 58.17 | | | | 12,684,277 | | | | 94.61 | |
Options exercisable | | | 93,164 | | | | 34.24 | | | | 2,030,765 | | | | 51.30 | |
1. Excludes options exercised by employees in respect of which equity shares are pending allotment.
A summary of stock options outstanding as on March 31, 2008 is given below:
Range of exercise price (Rupees per share) | | Number of shares arising out of options (Number of shares) | | Weighted average exercise price (Rupees) | | Weighted average remaining contractual life (Number of years) |
30-130 | | 12,684,277 | | 94.61 | | 7.75 |
As per the ESOS scheme, FBT of Rs. 3.2 million has been recovered from the employees on 135,799 stock options exercised during the year ended March 31, 2008.
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited has granted stock options to employees. If the entity would have estimated fair value computed on the basis of Black Scholes pricing model, compensation cost for the year ended March 31, 2008 would have been higher by Rs. 52.8 million. The key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options are given below:
Risk-free interest rate | 6.39%-8.17% |
Expected life | 3-7 years |
Expected volatility | 17%-20% |
Expected dividend yield | 1.00%-2.85% |
A summary of the status of the stock option plan of ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited is given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Rupees, except number of options
| | Stock options outstanding | |
| | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Particulars | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | | 4,093,060 | | | | 35.00 | | | | 7,390,776 | | | | 37.91 | |
Add: Granted during the year | | | 4,296,500 | | | | 40.00 | | | | 5,625,000 | | | | 60.00 | |
Less: Forfeited / lapsed during the year | | | 291,252 | | | | 35.00 | | | | 487,280 | | | | 37.07 | |
Exercised during the year1 | | | 707,532 | | | | 35.00 | | | | 150,240 | | | | 36.23 | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | | 7,390,776 | | | | 37.91 | | | | 12,378,256 | | | | 48.00 | |
Options exercisable | | | 304,114 | | | | 35.00 | | | | 1,478,820 | | | | 37.43 | |
1. Excludes options exercised by employees in respect of which equity shares are pending allotment.
A summary of stock options outstanding as on March 31, 2008 is given below:
Range of exercise price (Rupees per share) | | Number of shares arising out of options (Number of shares) | | Weighted average exercise price (Rupees) | | Weighted average remaining contractual life (Number of years) |
35 – 60 | | 12,378,256 | | 48 | | 8.23 |
As per the ESOS scheme, FBT of Rs. 0.8 million has been recovered from the employees on 150,240 stock options exercised during the year ended March 31, 2008.
If the Group had used the fair value of options based on the Black-Scholes model, the compensation cost in year ended March 31, 2008 would have been higher by Rs. 1,420.0 million and proforma consolidated profit after tax would have been Rs. 32,562.3 million. On a proforma basis, the Group’s basic and diluted earnings per share would have been Rs. 30.85 and Rs. 30.66 respectively.
6. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets include software acquired by the Group. The movement in software is given below:
Rupees in million
Particulars | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
At cost as on March 31 of preceding year | | | 3,347.0 | | | | 4,101.4 | |
Additions during the year | | | 846.9 | | | | 1,533.5 | |
Deductions during the year | | | (92.5 | ) | | | (3.1 | ) |
Depreciation / amortization to date | | | (2,910.0 | ) | | | (3,470.7 | ) |
Net Block | | | 1,191.4 | | | | 2,161.1 | |
7. Assets on lease
7.1 | Assets taken under operating lease |
The details of future rentals payable on operating leases are given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Rupees in million
Period | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Not later than one year | | | 987.8 | | | | 1,635.0 | |
Later than one year and not later than five years | | | 3,034.0 | | | | 5,126.9 | |
Later than five years | | | 1,498.0 | | | | 1,693.0 | |
Total | | | 5,519.8 | | | | 8,454.9 | |
7.2 | Assets under finance lease |
The details of finance leases are given below:
Rupees in million
Period | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Total of future minimum lease receipts | | | 617.3 | | | | 353.7 | |
Present value of lease receipts | | | 548.8 | | | | 325.6 | |
Un-matured finance charges | | | 68.5 | | | | 28.1 | |
Maturity profile of future minimum lease receipts | | | | | | | | |
- Not later than one year | | | 323.4 | | | | 213.3 | |
- Later than one year and not later than five years | | | 293.9 | | | | 140.4 | |
- Later than five years | | | .. | | | | .. | |
Total | | | 617.3 | | | | 353.7 | |
7.3 | Maturity profile of present value of lease rentals |
The details of maturity profile of present value of finance lease receipts are given below:
Rupees in million
Period | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Not later than one year | | | 282.6 | | | | 193.0 | |
Later than one year and not later than five years | | | 266.2 | | | | 132.6 | |
Later than five years | | | .. | | | | .. | |
Total | | | 548.8 | | | | 325.6 | |
8. Early retirement option (“ERO”)
The Bank had implemented in July 2003 an Early Retirement Option Scheme 2003 for its employees. All employees who had completed 40 years of age and seven years of service with the Bank (including period of service with entities amalgamated with the Bank) were eligible for the ERO.
The ex-gratia payments under ERO, termination benefits and leave encashment in excess of the provision made (net of tax benefits), aggregating to Rs. 1,910.0 million is being amortized over a period of five years commencing August 1, 2003 (the date of retirement of employees exercising the option being July 31, 2003).
On account of the above ERO scheme, an amount of Rs. 384.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 384.0 million) has been charged to revenue being the proportionate amount amortized for the year ended March 31, 2008.
9. Preference shares
Certain government securities amounting to Rs. 2,331.8 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 2,104.8 million) have been earmarked against redemption of preference share capital, which falls due for redemption on April 20, 2018, as per the original issue terms.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
10. Staff retirement benefits
Reconciliation of opening and closing balance of the present value of the defined benefit obligation for pension and gratuity benefits of the Group is given below:
Rupees in million
Particulars | | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
| | Pension | | | Gratuity | | | Pension | | | Gratuity | |
Defined benefit obligation liability | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening obligations | | | 1,038.5 | | | | 1,116.2 | | | | 1,029.4 | | | | 1,352.2 | |
Add: Addition due to amalgamation | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 1,807.4 | | | | 506.6 | |
Service cost | | | 6.7 | | | | 292.3 | | | | 54.0 | | | | 384.9 | |
Interest cost | | | 78.0 | | | | 83.2 | | | | 230.7 | | | | 153.6 | |
Actuarial (gain) / loss | | | (28.2 | ) | | | (43.4 | ) | | | (172.3 | ) | | | (32.9 | ) |
Past service cost | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 115.5 | |
Transitional obligation/ (Asset) | | | | | | | | | | | .. | | | | (0.2 | ) |
Liabilities extinguished on settlement | | | (2.3 | ) | | | .. | | | | (1,071.0 | ) | | | .. | |
Benefits paid | | | (63.3 | ) | | | (96.1 | ) | | | (200.1 | ) | | | (191.2 | ) |
Obligations at the end of the year | | | 1,029.4 | | | | 1,352.2 | | | | 1,678.1 | | | | 2,288.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Opening plans assets, at fair value | | | 1,079.5 | | | | 866.5 | | | | 988.5 | | | | 1,011.3 | |
Add: Addition due to amalgamation | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 584.8 | | | | 73.1 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | 78.9 | | | | 85.6 | | | | 115.8 | | | | 84.2 | |
Actuarial gain / (loss) | | | (110.1 | ) | | | (13.6 | ) | | | (118.0 | ) | | | (4.0 | ) |
Assets distributed on settlement | | | (2.3 | ) | | | .. | | | | (1,145.2 | ) | | | .. | |
Contributions | | | 5.8 | | | | 168.9 | | | | 1,264.3 | | | | 739.2 | |
Benefits paid | | | (63.3 | ) | | | (96.1 | ) | | | (200.1 | ) | | | (191.2 | ) |
Closing plan assets at fair value | | | 988.5 | | | | 1,011.3 | | | | 1,490.1 | | | | 1,712.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year | | | 988.5 | | | | 1,011.3 | | | | 1,490.1 | | | | 1,712.6 | |
Present value of the defined benefit obligations at the end of the year | | | 1,029.4 | | | | 1,352.2 | | | | 1,678.1 | | | | 2,288.5 | |
Unrecognized past service cost | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 15.7 | |
Asset / (liability) | | | (40.9 | ) | | | (340.9 | ) | | | (188.0 | ) | | | (560.2 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost for the year | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | | 6.7 | | | | 292.3 | | | | 54.0 | | | | 384.9 | |
Interest cost | | | 78.0 | | | | 83.2 | | | | 230.7 | | | | 153.6 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (78.9 | ) | | | (85.6 | ) | | | (115.8 | ) | | | (84.2 | ) |
Actuarial (gain) / loss | | | 81.9 | | | | (29.8 | ) | | | (54.3 | ) | | | (28.9 | ) |
Past service cost | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 99.9 | |
Transitional obligation/ (Asset) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | (0.2 | ) |
Curtailments & settlements (gain)/loss | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 74.2 | | | | .. | |
Net cost | | | 87.7 | | | | 260.1 | | | | 188.8 | | | | 525.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment details of plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Majority of the plan assets are invested in government securities and corporate bonds. | |
Assumptions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | | | 8.35 | % | | | 7.85%-8.35 | % | | | 8.57 | % | | | 7.50%-8.57 | % |
Salary escalation rate | | | 7.00 | % | | | 6.00%-20.00 | % | | | 7.00 | % | | | 7.00%-20.00 | % |
Estimated rate of return on plan assets | | | 7.50 | % | | | 7.50 | % | | | 8.00 | % | | | 7.50%-8.50 | % |
The estimates of future salary increases, considered in actuarial valuation, take into consideration inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
The guidance on implementing Accounting Standard 15, Employee Benefits (revised 2005) issued by the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) provides that exempt provident funds, which require employers to meet the interest shortfall, are in effect defined benefit plans. The Bank’s actuary has informed that it is not practicable to actuarially determine the interest shortfall obligation.
11. Provision for income tax
The provision for income tax (including deferred tax and fringe benefit tax) for the year ended March 31, 2008 and for the year ended March 31, 2007 amounted to Rs. 11,066.8 million and Rs. 7,610.7 million, respectively.
The Bank has a comprehensive system of maintenance of information and documents required by transfer pricing legislation under section 92-92F of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Bank is of the opinion that all international transactions are at arm’s length so that the above legislation will not have any impact on the financial statements, particularly on the amount of tax expense and that of provision for taxes.
12. Deferred tax
As on March 31, 2008, the Group has recorded net deferred tax asset of Rs. 17,280.5 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 7,659.1 million), which has been included in other assets. The break-up of deferred tax assets and liabilities into major items is given below:
Rupees in million
Particulars | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Deferred tax asset | | | | | | |
Provision for bad and doubtful debts | | | 11,943.7 | | | | 18,395.7 | |
Capital loss | | | .. | | | | .. | |
Others | | | 1,835.0 | | | | 4,074.3 | |
Total deferred tax asset | | | 13,778.7 | | | | 22,470.0 | |
Less: Deferred tax liability | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation on fixed assets | | | 6,574.9 | | | | 6,239.8 | |
Others | | | .. | | | | 75.2 | |
Total deferred tax liability | | | 6,574.9 | | | | 6,315.0 | |
Add: Net deferred tax asset pertaining to foreign branches / subsidiaries | | | 455.3 | | | | 1,125.5 | |
Total net deferred tax asset / (liability) | | | 7,659.1 | | | | 17,280.5 | |
As on March 31, 2008, the life insurance subsidiary and ICICI Bank Canada have created deferred tax assets on carry forward unabsorbed losses amounting to Rs. 2,170.8 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 690.0 million) and Rs. 685.6 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 281.0 million), respectively based on the virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
13. Information about business and geographical segments
13.1 Business segments from the year ended March 31, 2008
Pursuant to the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India vide its circular no. DBOD.No.BP.BC.81/21.04.018/2006-07 dated April 18, 2007 on enhanced disclosure on "Segmental Reporting" which is effective for the reporting period ended March 31, 2008, the consolidated segmental report has been revised as follows:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
| 1. | Retail Banking includes exposures of ICICI Bank Limited (“the Bank”) which fulfill the four criteria of orientation, product, granularity and low value of individual exposures for retail exposures laid down in the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision document “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards”, as per the RBI guidelines for the Bank. |
| 2. | Wholesale Banking includes all advances to trusts, partnership firms, companies and statutory bodies, by the Bank which are not included under the "Retail Banking" segment, as per the RBI guidelines. |
| 3. | Treasury includes the entire investment portfolio of ICICI Bank, ICICI Eco-net Internet and Technology Fund, ICICI Equity Fund, ICICI Emerging Sectors Fund and ICICI Strategic Investments Fund. | |
| 4. | Other Banking business includes hire purchase and leasing operations, gain/loss on sale of banking & non-banking assets and other items not attributable to any particular business segment. Further, it also includes the Bank's banking subsidiaries i.e., ICICI Bank UK PLC., ICICI Bank Canada and its subsidiary, namely, ICICI Wealth Management Inc. and ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC. |
| 5. | Life Insurance represents ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. |
| 6. | General Insurance represents ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited. |
| 7. | Others includes ICICI Home Finance Company Limited, ICICI International Limited, ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited, ICICI Securities Limited, ICICI Securities Holdings Inc., ICICI Securities Inc., ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited, ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited, ICICI Prudential Trust Limited, ICICI Property Trust, ICICI Investment Management Company Limited, ICICI Trusteeship Services Limited, TCW/ICICI Investment Partners LLC., TSI Ventures (India) Private Limited, ICICI Kinfra Limited, ICICI West Bengal Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited, Financial Information Network and Operations Limited (FINO), I-Process Services (India) Private Limited, I-Solutions Providers (India) Private Limited, NIIT Institute of Finance, Banking and Insurance Training Limited and ICICI Venture Value Fund. |
Income, expenses, assets and liabilities are either specifically identified with individual segments or are allocated to segments on a systematic basis.
All liabilities are transfer priced to a central treasury unit, which pools all funds and lends to the business units at appropriate rates based on the relevant maturity of assets being funded after adjusting for regulatory reserve requirements. While the transfer pricing methodology followed for the year ended March 31, 2007 was based on similar principles, the same has been refined further in the current year.
Pursuant to the reorganization of the business segments, the business segments are not comparable to the segments reported for the year ended March 31, 2007.
The business segment results on this basis are given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Sr. No | | Particulars | | Retail banking | | | Wholesale banking | | | Treasury | | | Other banking business | | | Life insurance | | | General insurance | | | Others | | | Inter segment adjustment | | | Total | |
| 1 | | Revenue | | | 244,185.4 | | | | 249,493.5 | | | | 293,265.0 | | | | 28,152.4 | | | | 143,968.3 | | | | 22,061.9 | | | | 27,088.0 | | | | (407,683.7 | ) | | | 600,530.8 | |
| 2 | | Segment results | | | 10,838.4 | | | | 36,240.6 | | | | 3,224.5 | | | | 1,534.8 | | | | (15,141.8 | ) | | | 1,302.2 | | | | 6,180.0 | | | | - | | | | 44,178.7 | |
| 3 | | Unallocated expenses | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,929.3 | |
| 4 | | Income tax expenses (net)/(net deferred tax credit) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 11,096.8 | |
| 5 | | Net profit 1 (2)- (3) - (4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 31,152.6 | |
| | �� | Other information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | | Segment assets | | | 1,112,510.1 | | | | 1,263,992.0 | | | | 1,552,785.0 | | | | 559,258.3 | | | | 297,475.4 | | | | 37,247.2 | | | | 122,776.0 | | | | (149,609.0 | ) | | | 4,796,435.0 | |
| 7 | | Unallocated assets2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 59,730.9 | |
| 8 | | Total assets (6) + (7) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
| 9 | | Segment liabilities | | | 1,152,965.5 | | | | 1,378,224.6 | | | | 1,454,039.7 | 3 | | | 554,908.1 | 3 | | | 299,603.1 | 3 | | | 37,716.2 | 3 | | | 124,022.2 | 3 | | | (149,609.0 | ) | | | 4,851,870.4 | |
| 10 | | Unallocated liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,295.5 | |
| 11 | | Total liabilities (9) + (10) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
| 12 | | Capital expenditure | | | 6,430.8 | | | | 1,364.6 | | | | 8.5 | | | | 765.3 | | | | 1,169.1 | | | | 508.3 | | | | 656.7 | | | | - | | | | 10,903.3 | |
| 13 | | Depreciation & amortization | | | 2,836.8 | | | | 889.1 | | | | 5.3 | | | | 2,165.0 | | | | 278.3 | | | | 211.1 | | | | 408.5 | | | | - | | | | 6,794.1 | |
1. Includes share of net profit of minority shareholders.
2. Includes assets which cannot be specifically allocated to any of the segments, tax paid in advance / tax deducted at source (net), deferred tax asset (net).
3. Includes share capital and reserves and surplus.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Business segments for the year ended March 31, 2007
For the year ended March 31, 2007, the primary segments were reported as follows:
1. | Consumer and Commercial Banking comprising the retail and corporate banking business of the Bank and its banking subsidiaries i.e., ICICI Bank UK PLC., ICICI Bank Canada, ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC. and ICICI Home Finance Company Limited. |
2. | Investment Banking comprising the treasury operations of the Bank and its banking subsidiaries i.e., ICICI Bank UK PLC., ICICI Bank Canada and ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC., ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited (formerly ICICI Securities Limited), ICICI Securities Limited (formerly ICICI Brokerage Services Limited), ICICI Securities Inc., and ICICI Securities Holdings Inc., ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited, ICICI Eco-net Internet and Technology Fund, ICICI Equity Fund, ICICI Strategic Investments Fund, ICICI Emerging Sectors Fund and ICICI International Limited. |
3. | Insurance comprising ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited. |
4. | Others comprising ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited, ICICI Prudential Trust Limited, ICICI Property Trust, ICICI Investment Management Company Limited, ICICI Trusteeship Services Limited, TCW/ICICI Investment Partners LLC., TSI Ventures (India) Private Limited. |
Inter-segment transactions are generally based on transfer pricing measures as determined by the management. Income, expenses, assets and liabilities are either specifically identified with individual segments or are allocated to segments on a systematic basis.
The business segment results on this basis are given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
Rupees in million
Sr. No. | | Particulars | | Consumer and commercial banking | | | Investment Banking | | | Insurance | | | Others | | | Total | |
| 1 | | Revenue (before extraordinary profit) | | | 242,354.5 | | | | 88,495.9 | | | | 101,415.6 | | | | 2,393.1 | | | | 434,659.1 | |
| 2 | | Less: Inter-segment revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (21,021.2 | ) |
| 3 | | Total revenue (1) –(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 413,637.9 | |
| 4 | | Segment results | | | 25,145.5 | | | | 13,875.3 | | | | (3,917.8 | ) | | | 528.1 | | | | 35,631.1 | |
| 5 | | Unallocated expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 384.0 | |
| 6 | | Income tax expenses (net)/(net deferred tax credit) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,640.8 | |
| 7 | | Net profit (4) – (5) – (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 27,606.3 | |
| | | Other information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8 | | Segment assets | | | 2,253,171.9 | | | | 1,455,864.0 | | | | 188,501.7 | | | | (191.3 | ) | | | 3,897,346.3 | |
| 9 | | Unallocated assets1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 46,000.9 | |
| 10 | | Total assets (8) + (9) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,943,347.2 | |
| 11 | | Segment liabilities | | | 2,705,812.3 | | | | 1,051,307.6 | 2 | | | 180,044.8 | | | | 6,182.5 | | | | 3,943,347.2 | |
| 12 | | Unallocated liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. | |
| 13 | | Total liabilities (11) + (12) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,943,347.2 | |
Note: The figures reported are net of inter-company transactions.
1. | Includes tax paid in advance/tax deducted at source (net), deferred tax asset (net) and early retirement option expenses not written off. |
2. | Includes share capital and reserves and surplus. |
13.2 Geographical segments
A. | The Group has reported its operations under the following geographical segments for the year ended March 31, 2008: |
| · | Domestic operations comprising branches (including those having operations outside India) and subsidiaries/joint ventures having operations in India. |
| · | Foreign operations comprising subsidiaries/joint ventures having operations outside India. |
The Group conducts transactions with its customers on a global basis in accordance with their business requirements, which may span across various geographies.
Geographical segment results are given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
Rupees in million
Revenue 1 | | For the year ended March 31, 2007 | | | For the year ended March 31, 2008 | |
Domestic operations | | | 399,509.0 | | | | 572,499.1 | |
Foreign operations | | | 14,128.9 | | | | 28,031.7 | |
Total | | | 413,637.9 | | | | 600,530.8 | |
1. | Gains and losses on offsetting transactions are accounted for separately in domestic and foreign segments respectively and not netted off. |
Rupees in million
Assets | | As on March 31, 2007 | | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
Domestic operations | | | 3,641,022.4 | | | | 4,270,982.8 | |
Foreign operations | | | 302,324.8 | | | | 525,452.2 | |
Total | | | 3,943,347.2 | | | | 4,796,435.0 | |
Note: 1. Segment assets do not include tax paid in advance / tax deducted at source (net) and deferred tax asset (net).
14. Penalties/fines imposed by RBI and other regulatory bodies
There were no penalties imposed by RBI during the year ended March 31, 2008 (March 31, 2007: Rs. Nil).
Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), Hong Kong charged the Bank with carrying on the business of dealing in securities in Hong Kong without having a license to do so. Pursuant to the charges preferred vide issue of summons on March 30, 2007 and the submissions of SFC and the Bank, the Eastern Magistrate's Court, Hong Kong, on April 10, 2007 fined the Bank a sum of HKD 40,000 (Rs. 0.2 million) and required the Bank to reimburse investigation costs to SFC.
The Office of Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) has imposed penalties on ICICI Bank Canada of CAD 18,250 (Rs. 0.7 million) under its Late and Erroneous Filing Penalty (LEFP) framework in relation to late submission of certain corporate and financial returns.
Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) inspected the main office of ICICI Bank Eurasia LLC. (IBEL) in Balabanovo, Kaluga region between October 15 and October 17, 2007. The inspection covered the area of reflecting the correct amount of liabilities in the books in September 2007.
As a result of the inspection, it was found that the main office in Balabanovo had violated CBR requirements and consequently, on October 31, 2007, IBEL received a prescription dated October 26, 2007 bearing No. 11-40DSP/5294 from CBR which specified that as on October 1, 2007, IBEL had understated the amount of foreign exchange liabilities by RUB 288,000 which resulted in underestimation of provisions by RUB 9,000. IBEL was fined RUB 10 (Rs. 15.97) for the above violation of regulatory requirements.
15. Premium amortization
As per general clarification from RBI dated July 11, 2007 on circular DBOD.BP.BC.87/21.04.141/2006-07 dated April 20, 2007, the Bank has deducted the amortization of premium on government securities from “Income on investment” in Schedule 13, which was earlier included in “Profit/(Loss) on revaluation of investments (net)” in Schedule 14.
16. Additional disclosure
Additional statutory information disclosed in separate financial statements of the parent and subsidiaries having no material bearing on the true and fair view of the consolidated financial
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
statements and the information pertaining to the items which are not material have not been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements.
17. Small and Micro Industries
Under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 which came into force from October 2, 2006, certain disclosures are required to be made relating to Micro, Small and Medium enterprises.
In the case of ICICI Bank Limited, there have generally been no reported cases of delays in payments to micro and small enterprises or of interest payments due to delays in such payments. In the case of certain consolidated entities, they are in the process of compiling relevant information from its suppliers about their coverage under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006.
18. Farm loan waiver
The Union Finance Minister, in his budget proposal for Financial Year 2008-09, announced a debt relief scheme for farmers, which would cover agricultural loans disbursed by scheduled commercial banks, regional rural banks and co-operative credit institutions up to March 31, 2007, overdue as on December 31, 2007 and which remained unpaid up to February 28, 2008. The Bank has not considered any expected receipts and has retained provisions on all eligible loans as per its current provisioning norms, pending the quantification and acceptance of its claims as per guidelines of the debt relief scheme.
19. Change in estimate in the retail agriculture loan portfolios provisioning
During the year, the Bank has changed its basis of estimating provisions in respect of certain retail agriculture loan portfolios. As a result of the change in the estimate, the impact on the profit after tax for the year ended March 31, 2008 is not significant.
20. Credit derivative instruments
The Group deals in credit derivative instruments including credit default swaps, credit linked notes, collateralized debt obligations and principal protected structures. The notional principal amount of these credit derivatives outstanding at March 31, 2008 was Rs. 27,067.6 million in funded instruments and Rs. 58,597.9 million in non-funded instruments which includes Rs. 200.6 million of protection bought by the Bank. The mark-to-market loss as on March 31, 2008 on the above portfolio was Rs. 7,914.2 million, which has been fully provided for through profit and loss account. The profit and loss impact on the above portfolio on account of mark-to-market and realized losses during the year ended March 31, 2008 was a net loss of Rs. 8,879.8 million.
21. Comparative figures
Previous period/year figures have been regrouped/reclassified, where necessary, to conform to current period classification.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
B. Additional Notes
Profit brought forward
Represents the balance of net profit after minority interest carried forward from earlier years after allocations to reserves.
Statutory Reserves
Represents reserves created as a percentage of the net profit before any other appropriation as required by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Every banking company in India is currently required transferring not less than 25% of the net profit (before appropriations) to the “statutory reserves”.
Capital Reserves
Represents amount of gains on sale of securities classified as held to maturity, net of tax and transfer to statutory reserves.
Share Premium
Represents amount of premium received on issue of share capital, net of expenses incurred on issue of shares.
Special Reserve
Represents reserves maintained under the Income Tax Act, 1961 to avail tax benefits.
Foreign Currency Translation Reserve
Represents exchange differences on translation of financial statements of non-integral foreign operations.
Revenue and other reserves
Represents any reserve available for distribution, other than capital reserves and includes all reserves other than those separately classified.
Unrealized Investment Reserve
Represents unrealized gains/losses on venture capital investments.
Reserve Fund
Represents appropriation of 5% of net profit by Sri Lanka branch to meet the requirements of Section 20 of Sri Lankan Banking Act No. 30 of 1988.
Debit balance in Profit and Loss Account
This is included under Other Assets and not deducted from the balance in Reserves.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Deposits include demand deposits, which are non-interest-bearing, and savings and time deposits, which are interest bearing.
Residual contractual maturities of time deposits as of March 31, 2008 are set out below:
Rupees in million
Deposits maturing during the year ending March 31, | | | |
2009 | | | 1,757,325.8 | |
2010 | | | 104,574.6 | |
2011 | | | 46,673.5 | |
2012 | | | 38,543.8 | |
2013 | | | 30,475.4 | |
Thereafter | | | 4,879.9 | |
Total time deposits | | | 1,982,473.0 | |
As of March 31, 2008, the aggregate of time deposits with individual balances greater than Rs. 5.0 million was Rs. 1,597,270.2 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 1,668,797.8 million).
Long-term debt represents debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year. Maturity distribution is based on contractual maturity or the date, at which the debt is callable at the option of the holder, whichever is earlier. A portion of the long-term debt bears a fixed rate of interest. Interest rates on floating-rate debt are generally linked to the London Inter-Bank Offer Rate or similar money market rates. The segregation between fixed-rate and floating-rate obligations is based on the contractual terms.
A listing of long-term debt as of March 31, 2008, by maturity and interest rate profile is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Fixed-rate obligations | | | Floating-rate obligations | | | Total | |
Long-term debt maturing during the year ending March 31, | | | | | | | | | |
2009 | | | 61,174.1 | | | | 50,420.2 | | | | 111,594.3 | |
2010 | | | 41,300.2 | | | | 98,984.8 | | | | 140,285.0 | |
2011 | | | 65,912.8 | | | | 74,816.6 | | | | 140,729.4 | |
2012 | | | 66,533.0 | | | | 68,107.1 | | | | 134,640.1 | |
2013 | | | 139,933.7 | | | | 31,737.0 | | | | 171,670.7 | |
Thereafter | | | 117,378.6 | | | | 67,542.9 | | | | 184,921.5 | |
Total | | | 492,232.4 | | | | 391,608.6 | | | | 883,841.0 | |
Debt aggregating Rs. 30,817.9 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 31,566.7 million) is guaranteed by the Government of India (GOI). Long-term debt is denominated in various currencies. As of March 31, 2008, long-term debt comprises Indian rupee debt of Rs. 286,686.5 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 267,478.0 million) and foreign currency debt of Rs. 597,154.5 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 378,446.1 million).
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Indian rupee debt
A listing of major category of Indian rupee debt is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2008 | |
Category | | Amount | | | Weighted average interest rate | | Range | | Average residual maturity (in years) | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds issued to institutional /individual investors | | | 199,704.7 | | | | 9.3 | % | 4.9% to 14.5% | | | 5.8 | |
Bonds eligible for statutory reserve requirements (1) | | | 14,815.0 | | | | 11.6 | % | 11.5% to12.0% | | | 2.2 | |
Borrowings from GOI | | | 1,592.5 | | | | 12.2 | % | 11.0% to 13.0% | | | 1.9 | |
Refinance from financial institutions | | | 27,541.1 | | | | 9.1 | % | 5.5% to 10.0% | | | 1.6 | |
Borrowings from other banks | | | 40,500.1 | | | | 9.3 | % | 6.7% to 13.1% | | | 1.7 | |
Fixed deposits | | | 2,533.1 | | | | 8.8 | % | 7.5% to 10.0% | | | 1.8 | |
Total | | | 286,686.5 | | | | 9.4 | % | | | | 4.6 | |
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2007 | |
Category | | Amount | | | Weighted average interest rate | | | Range | | | Average residual maturity (in years) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds issued to institutional /individual investors | | | 178,051.9 | | | | 9.2 | % | | | 4.8% - 15.2 | % | | | 6.8 | |
Bonds eligible for statutory reserve requirements (1) | | | 14,815.0 | | | | 11.6 | % | | | 11.5% - 12.0 | % | | | 3.2 | |
Borrowings from GOI | | | 2,171.9 | | | | 12.1 | % | | | 11.0% - 13.0 | % | | | 2.2 | |
Refinance from financial institutions | | | 72,439.2 | | | | 7.7 | % | | | 5.5% - 12.5 | % | | | 1.6 | |
Total | | | 267,478.0 | | | | 8.9 | % | | | | | | | 5.1 | |
1) | Banks in India are required to maintain a specified percentage of certain liabilities as cash or in approved securities. These bonds issued by the Company are approved securities under the rules. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Foreign currency debt
A listing of major categories of foreign currency debt is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2008 | |
Category | | Amount | | | Weighted average interest rate | | | Range | | | Average residual maturity (in years) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Borrowings from international development agencies (1) (2) | | | 20,966.3 | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 2.5% to 6.8 | % | | | 9.1 | |
Other borrowings from international markets | | | 576,188.2 | | | | 4.7 | % | | | 0.0% to 7.8 | % | | | 3.8 | |
Total | | | 597,154.45 | | | | 4.7 | % | | | | | | | 4.0 | |
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2007 | |
Category | | Amount | | | Weighted average interest rate | | | Range | | | Average residual maturity (in years) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Borrowings from international development agencies (1) (2) | | | 22,701.9 | | | | 5.6 | % | | | 0.8% - 6.8 | % | | | 9.1 | |
Other borrowings from international markets | | | 355,744.2 | | | | 4.4 | % | | | 0.0% - 7.6 | % | | | 3.8 | |
Total | | | 378,446.1 | | | | 4.4 | % | | | | | | | 4.0 | |
1) | These borrowings have been raised under specific lines of credit from international development agencies. The borrowings have lender-imposed restrictions that limit the use of the funds for specified purposes, which include lending to specified sectors. |
2) | Exchange rate fluctuations on certain borrowings are guaranteed by the GOI. |
| 4. | Cash and cash equivalents |
Deposits with the Reserve Bank of India include Rs. 254,190.5 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 157,849.9 million) maintained in accordance with the guidelines governing minimum cash reserve requirements. The balances maintained with the Reserve Bank of India towards cash reserve requirements are subject to withdrawal and usage restrictions.
Deposits with other banks include Rs. 6,133.7 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 54,765.2 million) towards deposits, which have maturities greater than 90 days.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The portfolio of investments classified as held to maturity is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2007 | | | As of March 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Fair | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Held to maturity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | 16,592.0 | | | | 1,333.3 | | | | (676.7 | ) | | | 17,248.6 | | | | 14,901.1 | | | | 114.3 | | | | (95.3 | ) | | | 14,920.1 | |
Government securities | | | 519,421.6 | | | | 2,310.3 | | | | (11,523.0 | ) | | | 510,208.9 | | | | 639,979.9 | | | | 2,909.1 | | | | (8,549.3 | ) | | | 634,339.7 | |
Other securities | | | 2,326.4 | | | | 0.9 | | | | - | | | | 2,327.3 | | | | 18,048.5 | | | | 0.8 | | | | - | | | | 18,049.3 | |
Total debt securities | | | 538,340.0 | | | | 3,644.5 | | | | (12,199.7 | ) | | | 529,784.8 | | | | 672,929.5 | | | | 3,024.2 | | | | (8,644.6 | ) | | | 667,309.1 | |
Equity securities | | | 497.5 | | | | 1,871.7 | | | | - | | | | 2,369.2 | | | | 499.4 | | | | 1,161.1 | | | | - | | | | 1,660.5 | |
Other securities | | | 5,426.5 | | | | 1,281.0 | | | | (636.2 | ) | | | 6,071.3 | | | | 5,596.6 | | | | 42.8 | | | | (1,957.7 | ) | | | 3,681.7 | |
Total | | | 544,264.0 | | | | 6,797.2 | | | | (12,835.9 | ) | | | 538,225.3 | | | | 679,025.5 | | | | 4,228.1 | | | | (10,602.3 | ) | | | 672,651.3 | |
The portfolio of investments classified as available for sale is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2007 | | | As of March 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Fair | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | 87,165.9 | | | | 305.3 | | | | (1,011.9 | ) | | | 86,459.3 | | | | 148,950.3 | | | | 99.8 | | | | (6,279.6 | ) | | | 142,770.6 | |
Government securities | | | 167,669.9 | | | | 4.1 | | | | (47.8 | ) | | | 167,626.2 | | | | 111,589.8 | | | | 261.9 | | | | (315.2 | ) | | | 111,536.5 | |
Other securities | | | 77,650.2 | | | | 595.9 | | | | (463.3 | ) | | | 77,782.8 | | | | 93,278.2 | | | | 1,101.5 | | | | (898.3 | ) | | | 93,481.3 | |
Total debt securities | | | 332,486.0 | | | | 905.3 | | | | (1,523.0 | ) | | | 331,868.3 | | | | 353,818.3 | | | | 1,463.2 | | | | (7,493.1 | ) | | | 347,788.4 | |
Equity securities | | | 24,604.6 | | | | 12,658.6 | | | | (2,147.5 | ) | | | 35,115.7 | | | | 32,511.1 | | | | 7,766.6 | | | | (6,219.0 | ) | | | 34,058.6 | |
Other securities | | | 42,345.5 | | | | 2,854.4 | | | | (944.7 | ) | | | 44,255.2 | | | | 104,700.4 | | | | 1,956.9 | | | | (3,414.1 | ) | | | 103,243.2 | |
Total | | | 399,436.1 | | | | 16,418.3 | | | | (4,615.2 | ) | | | 411,239.2 | | | | 491,029.8 | | | | 11,186.7 | | | | (17,126.2 | ) | | | 485,090.2 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Income from securities available for sale
A listing of income from securities classified as available for sale is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | | 6,970.5 | | | | 14,976.4 | | | | 14,072.7 | |
Dividends | | | 1,745.6 | | | | 2,748.8 | | | | 4,500.1 | |
Total | | | 8,716.1 | | | | 17,725.2 | | | | 18,572.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross realized gain | | | 9,509.3 | | | | 14,044.6 | | | | 27,816.4 | |
Gross realized loss | | | (1,257.5 | ) | | | (4,633.8 | ) | | | (1,772.8 | ) |
Total | | | 8,251.8 | | | | 9,410.8 | | | | 26,043.6 | |
Income from securities held for trading
A listing of income from securities classified as held for trading is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Interest and dividends | | | 3,137.1 | | | | 7,401.6 | | | | 12,114.5 | |
Gain/(loss) on sale of trading portfolio | | | 1,979.3 | | | | 676.0 | | | | 2,521.5 | |
Unrealized gain/(loss) on trading portfolio | | | (162.4 | ) | | | (86.3 | ) | | | (5,356.9 | ) |
Total | | | 4,954.0 | | | | 7,991.3 | | | | 9,279.1 | |
Maturity profile of debt securities
A listing of each category of held to maturity debt securities as of March 31, 2008, by maturity is set out below:
| | | |
| | Amortized cost | | | Fair value | |
| | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | | | | |
Less than one year | | | 1,954.7 | | | | 1,953.4 | |
One to five years | | | 7,470.0 | | | | 7,446.7 | |
Five to ten years | | | 5,476.4 | | | | 5,520.0 | |
Greater than ten years | | | - | | | | - | |
Total corporate debt securities | | | 14,901.1 | | | | 14,920.1 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Government securities | | | | | | | | |
Less than one year | | | 73,766.8 | | | | 73,697.3 | |
One to five years | | | 290,333.9 | | | | 289,111.6 | |
Five to ten years | | | 190,573.0 | | | | 189,490.7 | |
Greater than ten years | | | 85,306.2 | | | | 82,040.1 | |
Total Government securities | | | 639,979.9 | | | | 634,339.7 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
| | | |
| | Amortized cost | | | Fair value | |
Other securities | | | | | | | | |
Less than one year | | | 2,033.1 | | | | 2,033.8 | |
One to five years | | | 2,328.1 | | | | 2,328.7 | |
Five to ten years | | | 13,687.3 | | | | 13,686.8 | |
Greater than ten years | | | - | | | | - | |
Total Other securities | | | 18,048.5 | | | | 18,049.3 | |
Total debt securities | | | 672,929.5 | | | | 667,309.1 | |
A listing of each category of available for sale debt securities as of March 31, 2008, by maturity is set out below:
| | | |
| | Amortized cost | | | Fair value | |
Corporate debt securities | | | | | | |
Less than one year | | | 7,398.0 | | | | 7,372.5 | |
One to five years | | | 87,894.4 | | | | 86,156.3 | |
Five to ten years | | | 26,483.1 | | | | 24,518.3 | |
Greater than ten years | | | 27,174.8 | | | | 24,723.5 | |
Total corporate debt securities | | | 148,950.3 | | | | 142,770.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
GOI securities | | | | | | | | |
Less than one year | | | 49,153.5 | | | | 49,154.8 | |
One to five years | | | 52,792.9 | | | | 52,921.2 | |
Five to ten years | | | 5,296.9 | | | | 5,292.2 | |
Greater than ten years | | | 4,346.5 | | | | 4,168.3 | |
Total GOI securities | | | 111,589.8 | | | | 111,536.5 | |
Other securities | | | | | | | | |
Less than one year | | | 40,554.6 | | | | 40,516.5 | |
One to five years | | | 43,464.0 | | | | 43,929.8 | |
Five to ten years | | | 2,505.4 | | | | 2,420.6 | |
Greater than ten years | | | 6,754.2 | | | | 6,614.4 | |
Total Other securities | | | 93,278.2 | | | | 93,481.3 | |
Total debt securities | | | 353,818.3 | | | | 347,788.4 | |
| 6. | Repurchase transactions |
The Company has undertaken repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in Government securities during the year. The average level of repurchase transactions outstanding during the year ended March 31, 2008, was Rs. 47,717.1 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 22,869.6 million). The average level of reverse repurchase transactions outstanding during the year ended March 31, 2008, was Rs. 1,880.2 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 215.9 million). As of March 31, 2008, outstanding repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions were Rs. 37,241.6 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 10,418.3 million) and Rs. 269.5 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 1,588.0 million) respectively.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
A listing of loans by category is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Commercial, financial, agricultural and others | | | 859,561.8 | | | | 1,147,276.0 | |
Consumer loans and credit card receivables(1) | | | 1,276,976.9 | | | | 1,408,270.9 | |
Lease financing(2) | | | 569.2 | | | | 328.7 | |
Gross loans | | | 2,137,107.9 | | | | 2,555,875.6 | |
Allowances for loan losses | | | (23,113.5 | ) | | | (41,858.9 | ) |
Loans, net | | | 2,113,994.4 | | | | 2,514,016.7 | |
1) | Includes home loans, automobile loans, commercial business loans, two wheeler loans, personal loans, credit card receivables and farm equipment loans. |
2) | Leasing and related activities include leasing and hire purchase. |
Maturity profile of loans
A maturity profile of loans is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Less than one year | | | 630,121.2 | | | | 747,029.9 | |
One to five years | | | 1,048,069.6 | | | | 1,244,766.8 | |
Greater than five years | | | 435,803.6 | | | | 522,220.0 | |
Total | | | 2,113,994.4 | | | | 2,514,016.7 | |
Interest on loans
A listing of interest on loans is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Commercial, financial, agricultural and others | | | 36,791.3 | | | | 54,144.4 | | | | 79,161.5 | |
Consumer loans and credit card receivables | | | 69,497.0 | | | | 115,500.0 | | | | 161,480.6 | |
Lease financing | | | 70.7 | | | | 56.5 | | | | 41.4 | |
Total | | | 106,359.0 | | | | 169,700.9 | | | | 240,683.5 | |
Standard restructured loans
The Company classifies a loan as a restructured loan where it has made concessionary modifications that it would not otherwise consider, to the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. As of March 31, 2008, the Company had committed to lend (includes fund-based commitments fungible with non fund-based facilities) Rs. 10.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 421.0 million), to borrowers who are parties to restructurings.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
A listing of standard restructured loans is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Commercial, financial, agricultural and others | | | 44,540.0 | | | | 48,137.9 | |
Total restructured loans | | | 44,540.0 | | | | 48,137.9 | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (1,461.3 | ) | | | (1,452.5 | ) |
Restructured loans, net | | | 43,078.7 | | | | 46,685.4 | |
A listing of non-performing loans is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Commercial, financial, agricultural and others | | | 11,434.1 | | | | 21,463.3 | |
Consumer loans and credit card receivables (1) | | | 30,194.6 | | | | 54,953.9 | |
Total non-performing loans | | | 41,628.7 | | | | 76,417.2 | |
Suspended interest and claims receivable from ECGC/DICGC (2) | | | (504.2 | ) | | | (1,457.2 | ) |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (21,085.3 | ) | | | (39,762.0 | ) |
Non-performing loans, net | | | 20,039.2 | | | | 35,198.0 | |
(1) | Includes home loans, automobile loans, commercial business loans, two wheeler loans, personal loans, credit card receivables and farm equipment loans. |
(2) | Export Credit Guarantee Corporation / Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation. |
Provision for loan losses
Movements in the provision for loan losses on restructured loans are set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | |
Provisions for loan losses at the beginning of the year | | | 2,863.3 | | | | 2,185.0 | | | | 1,461.3 | |
Provisions for loan losses made during the year | | | 32.0 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Reduction/write-back of excess provisions (1) | | | (710.3 | ) | | | (723.7 | ) | | | (8.8 | ) |
Provisions for loan losses at the end of the year | | | 2,185.0 | | | | 1,461.3 | | | | 1,452.5 | |
(1) Includes provisions on restructured assets which were upgraded during the period.
Movements in the provision for loan losses on non-performing loans are set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | |
Provisions for loan losses at the beginning of the year | | | 12,483.9 | | | | 11,502.9 | | | | 21,085.3 | |
Provisions for loan losses made during the year | | | 5,561.2 | | | | 11,353.4 | | | | 19,594.2 | |
Write-off/write-back of excess provisions | | | (6,542.2 | ) | | | (1,771.0 | ) | | | (917.5 | ) |
Provisions for loan losses at the end of the year | | | 11,502.9 | | | | 21,085.3 | | | | 39,762.0 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Receivables are classified at origination as loans-held-for sale to the extent that management does not have the intent to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future or until maturity. Loans that have been classified as loans held-for-sale are included in other assets. These loans are accounted for at the lower of cost or market value.
| 8. | Financial assets transferred during the year to Securitization Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC) |
The Bank has transferred certain assets to an asset reconstruction company (ARC) in terms of the guidelines issued by RBI governing such transfer. For the purpose of the valuation of the underlying security receipts issued by ARC, the security receipts are valued at their respective net asset values as advised by the ARC. The details of the assets transferred for the relevant year are given in the table below:
Rupees in million
| | | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
A | | No. of accounts | | | 15 | | | | 19 | | | | 18,480 | |
B | | Aggregate book value (net of provisions) of accounts sold to ARC | | | 4,794.0 | | | | 8,169.6 | | | | 9,344.5 | |
C | | Aggregate consideration | | | 4,066.3 | | | | 8,024.7 | | | | 9,408.2 | |
D | | Additional consideration realized in respect of accounts transferred in earlier years 1 | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
E | | Aggregate gain/ (loss) over net sale value | | | (727.7 | ) | | | (144.9 | ) | | | 63.7 | |
1. | During the year ended March 31, 2008, ARC fully redeemed security receipts of Nil trusts. The Bank realized Rs. Nil over the gross book value in respect of these trusts (March 31, 2007: Rs. 849.0 million). The Bank also realized an additional amount of Rs. Nil over the gross book value in respect of security receipts already redeemed during the year ended March 31, 2007. Further, the Bank has realized an additional amount of Rs. 7.7 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 43.5 million) over the gross book value in respect of security receipts not fully redeemed as on March 31, 2008. During the year ended March 31, 2008 security receipts of net book value amounting to Rs. 4,777.9 million were sold to ARC at a sale consideration of Rs. 4,820.0 million. The net loss on this transaction was Rs. 100.6 million and provision release was Rs. 142.7 million. |
| 9. | Details of non-performing assets sold excluding transfers to ARC |
The Bank has sold non-performing assets in terms of the guidelines issued by RBI circular no. DBOD.NO.BP.BC.16/21.04.048/2005-06 dated July 13, 2005. The details of assets sold are given below:
Rupees in million
Particulars | | Year ended March 31, 2007 | | | Year ended March 31, 2008 | |
No. of borrower accounts sold | | | - | | | | 12,545 | |
Aggregate outstanding (net of provisions) of accounts sold, excluding those sold to SC /RC | | | - | | | | 515.3 | |
Aggregate consideration received | | | - | | | | 499.4 | |
| 10. | Concentration of credit risk |
Concentration of credit risk exists when changes in economic, industry or geographic factors similarly affect groups of counter parties whose aggregate credit exposure is material in relation to
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Company’s total credit exposure. The Company’s portfolio of financial instruments is broadly diversified along industry, product and geographic lines primarily within India.
The Company’s 20 largest exposures (non-bank) based on gross exposure, totaled approximately Rs. 807,391.6 million as of March 31, 2008 which represented 134.4% of our capital funds. The single largest exposure (non-bank) as of March 31, 2008 was Rs. 72,069.4 million, which represented 12% of the capital funds.
The largest group of companies under the same management control accounted for approximately 35.3% of the bank capital funds.
The Company has outstanding undrawn commitments to provide loans and financing to customers. These loan commitments aggregated Rs. 733,470.0 million (includes fund-based commitments fungible with non fund-based facilities) as of March 31, 2008 (March 31, 2007: Rs. 401,660.7 million). The interest rate on a significant portion of these commitments is dependent on the lending rates prevailing on the date of the loan disbursement. Further, the commitments have fixed expiration dates and are contingent upon the borrower’s ability to maintain specific credit standards.
As a part of its project financing and commercial banking activities, the Company has issued guarantees to enhance the credit standing of its customers. These generally represent irrevocable assurances that the Company will make payments in the event that the customer fails to fulfill its financial or performance obligations. Financial guarantees are obligations to pay a third party beneficiary where a customer fails to make payment towards a specified financial obligation. Performance guarantees are obligations to pay a third party beneficiary where a customer fails to perform a non-financial contractual obligation. The guarantees are generally for a period not exceeding 10 years.
The credit risks associated with these products, as well as the operating risks, are similar to those relating to other types of financial instruments. The current carrying amount of the liability for the Company’s obligations under the guarantees as on March 31, 2008 amounted to Rs. 2,664.8 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 763.0 million).
The details of guarantees outstanding as of March 31, 2008 are set out below:
Rupees in million
Nature of guarantee | | Maximum potential amount of future payments under guarantee | |
| | Less than 1 year | | | 1 - 3 years | | | 3 - 5 years | | | Over 5 years | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial guarantees | | | 91,285.4 | | | | 47,801.3 | | | | 23,168.2 | | | | 1,490.7 | | | | 163,745.5 | |
Performance guarantees | | | 112,783.3 | | | | 126,638.1 | | | | 47,332.4 | | | | 16,234.5 | | | | 302,988.4 | |
Total guarantees | | | 204,068.7 | | | | 174,439.4 | | | | 70,500.6 | | | | 17,725.2 | | | | 466,733.9 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company has collateral available to reimburse potential losses on its guarantees. Margins available to the Company to reimburse losses realized under guarantees amounted to Rs. 11,409.7 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 11,930.3 million). Other property or security may also be available to the Company to cover these losses under guarantees.
The information on securitization activity of the Bank, as an originator, for the year ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 is given in the table below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Total number of loan assets securitized | | | 1,484,398 | | | | 1,149,931 | |
Total book value of loan assets securitized | | | 116,012.5 | | | | 140,852.0 | |
Sale consideration received for the securitized assets | | | 116,500.6 | | | | 142,470.4 | |
The gain on account of securitization (excluding unamortized gain) during the year ended March 31, 2008 was Rs. 168.2 million (March 31, 2007: loss of Rs. 65.5 million).
The information on securitization activity of the Bank as an originator as on March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 is given in the table below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding credit enhancement | | | 16,712.3 | | | | 15,601.2 | |
Outstanding liquidity facility | | | 4,361.0 | | | | 7,740.8 | |
Outstanding servicing (liability) / assets | | | (371.4 | ) | | | 1,355.4 | |
Outstanding subordinate contributions | | | 8,225.8 | | | | 11,459.5 | |
The Bank has also issued credit enhancement in the form of guarantees amounting to Rs. 29,155.6 million as on March 31, 2008 (March 31, 2007: Rs. 8,198.4 million).
Key assumptions in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization during the year ended March 31, 2008 and also for subsequent measurement of retained interests as on March 31, 2008 are given in the table below:
| | Auto Loans | | | Personal Loans | | | Two wheeler Loans | | | Mortgage loans | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | 7.0% to 15.8% | | | 7.0% to 25.6% | | | 7.0% to 18.8% | | | 7.0% to 10.2% | |
Constant prepayment rate (per annum) | | | 15.0% | | | | 42.0% | | | | 12.0% | | | | 10.0% | |
Anticipated net credit losses (per annum) | | 0.5% to 0.8% | | | 3.0% to 5.7% | | | 2.0% to 3.6% | | | 0.2% to 0.3% | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
At March 31, 2008, the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions is given below:
Rupees in million
Fair value of retained interests (net of delinquency provision) | 5,002.9 |
| |
Prepayment rate (per annum) | |
10% | (167.3) |
20% | (323.6) |
| |
Delinquency assumptions (per annum) | |
10% | (423.7) |
20% | (849.5) |
The Company is obligated under a number of capital contracts. Capital contracts are job orders of a capital nature, which have been committed. As of the balance sheet date, work had not been completed to this extent. Estimated amounts of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account aggregated Rs. 17,991.8 million as of March 31, 2008 (March 31, 2007: Rs. 3,680.9 million).
ICICI Bank is a major participant in the financial derivatives market. The Bank deals in derivatives for balance sheet management and market making purposes whereby the Bank offers derivative products to its customers, enabling them to hedge their risks.
Dealing in derivatives is carried out by identified groups in the treasury of the Bank based on the purpose of the transaction. Derivative transactions are entered into by the treasury front office. The Treasury middle office conducts an independent check of the transactions entered into by the front office and also undertakes activities such as confirmation, settlement, accounting, risk monitoring and reporting and ensures compliance with various internal and regulatory guidelines.
The market making and the proprietary trading activities in derivatives are governed by the investment policy of the Bank, which lays down the position limits, stop loss limits as well as other risk limits. The Risk Management Group (“RMG”) lays down the methodology for computation and monitoring of risk. The Risk Committee of the Board (“RCB”) reviews the Bank’s risk management policy in relation to various risks (portfolio, liquidity, interest rate, off-balance sheet and operational risks), investment policies and compliance issues in relation thereto. The RCB is comprised of independent directors and the Managing Director and CEO.
Risk monitoring of the derivatives portfolio other than credit derivatives is done on a daily basis. Risk monitoring of the credit derivatives portfolio is done on a monthly basis. The Bank measures and monitors risk using a Value at Risk (“VAR”) approach and the relevant sensitivity measures for options. Risk reporting on derivatives forms an integral part of the management information system and the marked-to-market position and the VAR of the derivatives portfolio other than credit derivatives is reported on a daily basis. The mark-to-market position and VAR on the credit derivatives portfolio is reported on a monthly basis.
The use of derivatives for hedging purpose is governed by the hedge policy approved by Asset Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”). Subject to prevailing RBI guidelines, the Bank deals in derivatives for hedging fixed rate, floating rate or foreign currency assets / liabilities. Transactions for
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
hedging and market making purposes are recorded separately. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of the transaction itself. The effectiveness is assessed at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter.
Hedge derivative transactions are accounted for pursuant to the principles of hedge accounting. Derivatives for market making purpose are mark-to-market and the resulting gain/ loss is recorded in the profit and loss account. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per The Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association of India guidelines. Derivative transactions are covered under International Swap Dealers Association (“ISDA”) master agreements with the respective counterparties. The credit exposure on account of derivative transactions is computed as per RBI guidelines and is monitored against the credit limits approved for the respective counterparties.
The details of the notional amounts and the marked-to-market position of derivatives are given below:
Rupees in million
Particular | | As on March 31, 2008 | |
| | Currency derivatives 1 | | | Interest rate derivatives 2 | |
Derivatives (Notional principal amount) | | | | | | |
a) For hedging | | | 30,146.9 | | | | 206,385.9 | |
b) For trading | | | 1,169,502.8 | | | | 7,164,904.0 | |
Mark–to-market positions 3 | | | | | | | | |
a) Asset (+) | | | 24,208.1 | | | | - | |
b) Liability (-) | | | - | | | | (456.4 | ) |
Credit exposure | | | 112,779.7 | | | | 81,399.9 | |
1. Options and cross currency interest rate swaps are included in currency derivatives.
2. Foreign currency interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements and swaptions are included in interest rate derivatives.
3. For trading portfolio.
Rupees in million
Particular | | As on March 31, 2007 | |
| | Currency derivatives 1 | | | Interest rate derivatives 2 | |
Derivatives (Notional principal amount) | | | | | | |
a) For hedging | | | 4,906.9 | | | | 139,682.2 | |
b) For trading | | | 732,100.3 | | | | 3,436,954.7 | |
Mark-to-market positions 3 | | | | | | | | |
a) Asset (+) | | | 5,103.5 | | | | 2,169.7 | |
b) Liability (-) | | | - | | | | - | |
Credit exposure | | | 41,023.5 | | | | 50,648.0 | |
1. Options and cross currency interest rate swaps are included in currency derivatives.
2. Foreign currency interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements and swaptions are included in interest rate derivatives.
3. For trading portfolio.
The Company deals in credit derivative instruments including credit default swaps, credit linked notes, collateralized debt obligations and principal protected structures. The notional principal amount of these credit derivatives outstanding at March 31, 2008 was Rs. 27,067.6 million in funded instruments and Rs. 58,597.9 million in non-funded instruments which includes Rs. 200.6 million of protection bought by the Bank. The mark-to-market loss as on March 31, 2008 on the above portfolio was Rs. 7,914.2 million, which has been fully provided for through profit and loss account. The profit and loss impact on the above portfolio on account of mark-to-market and realised losses during the year ended March 31, 2008 was a net loss of Rs. 8,879.8 million. The credit derivatives are marked to market by the Bank based on counterparty valuation quotes, or internal models using inputs from market sources such as Bloomberg / Reuters, counterparties and FIMMDA.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Various tax-related legal proceedings are pending against the Company at various levels of appeal either with the tax authorities or in the courts. Where after considering all available information in the opinion of management a liability requires accrual, the Company accrues such liability and does not estimate any incremental liability in respect of related proceedings.
Where such proceedings are sufficiently advanced to enable management to assess that a liability exists and are subject to reasonable estimation, management records its best estimate of such liability. Where a reasonable range of potential outcomes is estimated, management records its best estimate, or in the absence of a basis for selecting a specific estimate within a range, management records a liability no less than the lower end of the estimated range. The contested tax demands are adjusted by the tax authorities against refunds due to the Company on favorable resolution of earlier year’s appeals/ completion of assessments or paid or kept in abeyance in accordance with the terms of the stay order. The payment/adjustment/stay does not prejudice the outcome of the appeals filed by the Company. (The advance tax payments are recorded as advance tax payments under other assets.)
As of March 31, 2008, the Company had been assessed an aggregate of Rs. 40,839.7 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 39,579.6 million) in excess of the provision made in its accounts, in income tax, interest tax, wealth tax and sales tax demands by the Government of India’s tax authorities for past years. The Company has appealed each of these tax demands. The consequence of enquiries initiated by the tax authorities cannot be quantified, as the Company believes that the proceedings so initiated are likely to be dropped by the tax authorities or will not be upheld by judicial authorities.
The tax authorities have appealed against decisions in favor of the Company to higher appellate authorities with respect to Rs. 720.5 million of the assessment and the same are pending adjudication. In the Company’s appeal of the assessment of sales tax aggregating to Rs. 517.1 million, the Company is relying on a favorable decision of the Supreme Court of India in respect of a writ petition filed by the Company and the facts of the case. Of the balance, Rs. 14,172.2 million relates to bad debt written off (March 31, 2007: Rs. 8,446.1 million), Rs. 2,404.3 million relates to special reserve (March 31, 2007: Rs. 2,968.0 million), Rs. 4,474.1 million relates to expenditures incurred for dividends (March 31, 2007: Rs. 4,181.1 million), Rs. 4,517.5 million relates to penalty orders (March 31, 2007: Rs. 10,758.5 million) and Rs. 11,114.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 10,081.0 million) relates to “disallowance of depreciation on leased assets”, which is an industry-wide issue, involving multiple litigations across the country.
In one of the instances relating to the above, the tax authorities have denied the depreciation claim of the Company by treating the lease transactions as finance transactions i.e., loans. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal has held the sale and lease-back transaction with Gujarat Electricity Board as not genuine and has disallowed the depreciation treating the transaction as a tax-planning tool. The contingent liability on this disallowance amounts to Rs. 318.7 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 318.7 million). The Company has preferred an appeal to the Mumbai High Court, which is pending for disposal. In a recent subsequent judgment for fiscal 1995 the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai has held that the lease transactions are genuine and the lessor cannot be denied depreciation merely on suspicion or conjunctures and has allowed depreciation on all finance leases including the sale and lease-back transaction with Gujarat Electricity Board.
Bad debts written off as irrecoverable by the bank have been disallowed by the tax authorities on the ground that the bank has not established that the debts written-off during the year are irrecoverable. The appeals filed are pending adjudication. However, in recent judgments for the fiscal
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
2000, 2001 and 2002, the appellate authorities have allowed the claim of bad debts on the ground that after the amendment to Section 36(1) (vii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 with effect from 01.04.1989, it is not obligatory on the part of the assessee to prove that the debts written-off are bad and it shall suffice if the assessee writes off its bad debts as irrecoverable in the accounts during the said year.
Based on judicial precedents in the Company’s and other cases and on consultation with tax counsel, the management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company’s tax positions will be sustained. Accordingly, no provision has been made in the accounts.
Various litigation and claims against the Company and its subsidiaries are pending in various forums. Based upon a review of open matters with its legal counsel including as to loss contingency on account of such litigation and claims, and classification of such contingency as “probable”, “possible” or “remote” and with due provisioning for the relevant litigation and claims, management believes that the outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
During the year ended March 31, 2008, the Company realigned its reportable business segments. Due to impracticability of realigning the data to restate the previous year numbers under the new business segments, the current year numbers have been additionally disclosed as per the reportable business segments presented for the year ended March 31, 2007.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Rupees in million
| | | | Consumer and commercial banking | | | Investment Banking | | | Insurance | | | Others | | | Total | |
Sr. No | | Particulars | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | |
| 1 | | Revenue (before extraordinary profit) | | | 157,541.3 | | | | 242,354.5 | | | | 327,935.3 | | | | 46,383.9 | | | | 88,495.9 | | | | 123,318.8 | | | | 53,386.1 | | | | 101,415.6 | | | | 165,941.6 | | | | 1,427.8 | | | | 2,393.1 | | | | 4,593.9 | | | | 258,739.1 | | | | 434,659.1 | | | | 621,789.6 | |
| 2 | | Less: Inter-segment revenue | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 12,584.0 | | | | 21,021.2 | | | | 21,258.8 | |
| 3 | | Total revenue (1) – (2) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 246,155.1 | | | | 413,637.9 | | | | 600,530.8 | |
| 4 | | Operating profit (i.e., profit before unallocated expenses extraordinary profit, provision and tax) | | | 33,572.8 | | | | 47,501.1 | | | | 50,053.2 | | | | 6,621.4 | | | | 14,295.0 | | | | 33,175.3 | | | | (494.7 | ) | | | (3,917.8 | ) | | | (11,845.1 | ) | | | 337.7 | | | | 526.6 | | | | 1,427.5 | | | | 40,037.2 | | | | 58,404.9 | | | | 72,810.9 | |
| 5 | | Provisions | | | 7,532.1 | | | | 22,355.6 | | | | 28,716.6 | | | | 922.4 | | | | 419.7 | | | | 1,412.5 | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 47.5 | | | | (0.2 | ) | | | (1.5 | ) | | | 0.9 | | | | 8,454.3 | | | | 22,773.8 | | | | 30,177.5 | |
| 6 | | Profit before tax and unallocated expenses (4) – (5) | | | 26,040.7 | | | | 25,145.5 | | | | 21,336.6 | | | | 5,699.0 | | | | 13,875.3 | | | | 31,762.8 | | | | (494.7 | ) | | | (3,917.8 | ) | | | (11,892.6 | ) | | | 337.9 | | | | 528.1 | | | | 1,426.6 | | | | 31,582.9 | | | | 35,631.1 | | | | 42,633.4 | |
| 7 | | Unallocated expenses | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 384.0 | | | | 384.0 | | | | 384.0 | |
| 8 | | Income tax expenses (net)/(net of deferred tax credit) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 6,998.0 | | | | 7,640.8 | | | | 11,096.8 | |
| 9 | | Net profit 1 (6) – (7) – (8) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 24,200.9 | | | | 27,606.3 | | | | 31,152.6 | |
| | | Other information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | | Segment assets | | | 1,735,245.8 | | | | 2,253,171.9 | | | | 2,725,864.5 | | | | 892,103.3 | | | | 1,455,864.0 | | | | 1,738,311.5 | | | | 109,667.3 | | | | 188,501.7 | | | | 329,625.1 | | | | 1,067.6 | | | | (191.3 | ) | | | 2,163.5 | | | | 2,738,084.0 | | | | 3,897,346.3 | | | | 4,795,964.6 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Rupees in million
| | | | Consumer and commercial banking | | | Investment Banking | | | Insurance | | | Others | | | Total | |
Sr. No | | Particulars | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | | | For the year ended 31.03.06 | | | For the year ended 31.03.07 | | | For the year ended 31.03.08 | |
| 11 | | Unallocated assets 2 | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 31,776.0 | | | | 46,000.9 | | | | 60,201.3 | |
| 12 | | Total assets (10) + (11) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 2,769,860.0 | | | | 3,943,347.2 | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
| 13 | | Segment liabilities 3 | | | 2,020,233.8 | | | | 2,705,812.3 | | | | 3,175,290.8 | | | | 645,245.2 | | | | 1,051,307.6 | | | | 1,348,503.4 | | | | 100,010.7 | | | | 180,044.8 | | | | 330,186.4 | | | | 4,370.3 | | | | 6,182.5 | | | | 2,185.3 | | | | 2,769,860.0 | | | | 3,943,347.2 | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
| 14 | | Unallocated liabilities | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | |
| 15 | | Total liabilities (13) + (14) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 2,769,860.0 | | | | 3,943,347.2 | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
1. Includes share of Net Profit of Minority Shareholders.
2. Includes tax paid in advance / tax deducted at source (net), deferred tax asset (net) and early retirement option expenses not written off.
3. Includes Share Capital and Reserve & Surplus.
4. The figures reported are net of Inter-Company transactions.
Amounts presented in domestic operations revenues and domestic operations assets in the geographic segment disclosure in Schedule 19 A, Note 13, include revenues of overseas branches of the Bank amounting to Rs. 26,665.9 million (March 31, 2007: 20,272.7 million) and assets of overseas branches of the Bank amounting to Rs. 556,947.6 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 406,911.1 million), respectively.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
| 19. | Employee Stock Option Scheme (“ESOS”) |
A summary of Bank’s stock options outstanding as on March 31, 2008 is given below:
Particulars | | Number of shares | | | Weighted- average exercise price | | | Weighted-average remaining contractual life (Number of years) | | | Aggregate intrinsic value (Rs. in million) | |
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | | | 13,187,783 | | | | 442.50 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Add: Granted during the year | | | 4,956,300 | | | | 938.41 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Less: Lapsed during the year | | | 1,037,218 | | | | 582.51 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Exercised during the year | | | 1,468,713 | | | | 379.34 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Outstanding at the end of the year | | | 15,638,152 | | | | 596.32 | | | | 7.83 | | | | 2,706.7 | |
Options exercisable | | | 3,272,292 | | | | 411.89 | | | | 6.95 | | | | 1,169.9 | |
Total fair value of options vested for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 is Rs. 154.7 million, Rs. 294.9 million and Rs. 660.4 million, respectively.
Total aggregate intrinsic value of option exercised for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 is Rs. 1,491.3 million, Rs. 5,297.1 million and Rs. 996.8 million, respectively.
As of March 31, 2008, the total compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized is Rs. 1,187.3 million and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is 2.71 years.
A summary of stock options exercisable as on March 31, 2008 is given below:
Range of exercise price (Rupees per share) | | Number of shares | | | Weighted- average exercise price (Rupees) | | | Weighted-average remaining contractual life (Number of years) | | | Aggregate intrinsic value (Rs. in million) | |
105-299 | | | 164,951 | | | | 151.19 | | | | 3.73 | | | | 102.0 | |
300-599 | | | 3,085,356 | | | | 422.71 | | | | 7.11 | | | | 1,069.6 | |
600-999 | | | 21,985 | | | | 848.25 | | | | 8.69 | | | | (1.7 | ) |
A summary of Bank’s unvested stock options outstanding as on March 31, 2008 is given below:
Particulars | | Shares | | | Weighted-average fair value at grant date (Rupees) | |
Unvested at April 1, 2007 | | | 12,861,524 | | | | 162.59 | |
Granted | | | 4,956,300 | | | | 376.39 | |
Vested | | | 4,423,692 | | | | 149.28 | |
Forfeited (unvested) | | | 1,028,272 | | | | 221.04 | |
Unvested at March 31, 2008 | | | 12,365,860 | | | | 248.18 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options are given below:
| Year ended March 31, |
| 2006 ------------- | 2007 ------------- | 2008 ------------- |
Risk-free interest rate | 6.40% to 7.20% | 5.12% to 8.22% | 7.12% to 8.11% |
Expected life | 3 to 6 years | 3 to 6 years | 2 to 6 years |
Expected volatility | 37.70% | 36.34% to 41.03% | 36.26 % to 38.01% |
Expected dividend yield | 2.0% | 1.44% to 4.06% | 1.07% |
Risk-free interest rates over the expected term of the option are based on the Government securities yield in effect at the time of the grant.
The expected term of an option is estimated based on the vesting term as well as expected exercise behavior of the employees who receive the option.
Expected volatility during the estimated expected term of the option is based on historical volatility determined based on observed market prices of the Company's publicly traded equity shares.
Expected dividends during the estimated expected term of the option are based on recent dividend activity.
| 20. | Selected information from Indian GAAP financials |
The income statement and balance sheet as per the format required by Regulation S-X for the period indicated are given below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | | 2006 ------------- | | | | 2007 ------------- | | | | 2008 ------------- | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and dividend income | | | 151,358.3 | | | | 250,012.5 | | | | 340,949.6 | |
Interest expense | | | 101,014.8 | | | | 176,757.2 | | | | 257,669.8 | |
Net interest income | | | 50,343.5 | | | | 73,255.3 | | | | 83,279.8 | |
Provision for loan losses & others | | | 8,320.8 | | | | 22,389.9 | | | | 29,447.4 | |
Provision for investments | | | 133.8 | | | | 383.9 | | | | 730.1 | |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses and investments | | | 41,888.9 | | | | 50,481.5 | | | | 53,102.3 | |
Non-interest income | | | 94,796.9 | | | | 163,625.4 | | | | 259,581.3 | |
Non-interest expense | | | 105,697.6 | | | | 180,132.1 | | | | 270,434.1 | |
Income before equity in loss of affiliates, minority interest, income taxes | | | 30,988.2 | | | | 33,974.8 | | | | 42,249.5 | |
Equity in loss of affiliates | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: Minority interest | | | (210.7 | ) | | | (1,272.3 | ) | | | (2,829.7 | ) |
Income before income taxes | | | 31,198.9 | | | | 35,247.1 | | | | 45,079.2 | |
Income tax expense/ (benefit) | | | 6,998.0 | | | | 7,640.8 | | | | 11,096.8 | |
Net income | | | 24,200.9 | | | | 27,606.3 | | | | 33,982.4 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | | 2006 -------------- | | | | 2007 ---------------- | | | | 2008 -------------- | |
Earnings per equity share: (Rs.) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 30.96 | | | | 30.92 | | | | 32.19 | |
Diluted | | | 30.64 | | | | 30.75 | | | | 32.00 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of equity shares used in computing earnings per equity share (millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 782 | | | | 893 | | | | 1,056 | |
Diluted | | | 790 | | | | 898 | | | | 1,062 | |
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Assets | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents 1 | | | 396,891.3 | | | | 453,286.8 | |
Investments 2 | | | 1,206,166.9 | | | | 1,600,467.6 | |
Loans, net | | | 2,113,994.4 | | | | 2,514,016.7 | |
Property, plant and equipment 3 | | | 43,401.5 | | | | 46,783.6 | |
Goodwill | | | 624.0 | | | | 630.5 | |
Deferred tax asset (net) | | | 7,659.1 | | | | 17,280.5 | |
Interest accrued, outstanding fees and other income | | | 36,824.7 | | | | 49,580.2 | |
Assets held for sale | | | 3,536.6 | | | | 3,658.5 | |
Other assets 4 | | | 134,248.7 | | | | 170,461.5 | |
Total assets | | | 3,943,347.2 | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing deposits | | | 2,271,636.1 | | | | 2,520,036.4 | |
Non-interest bearing deposits | | | 214,500.2 | | | | 249,795.9 | |
Short-term borrowings and trading liabilities | | | 182,882.5 | | | | 235,897.3 | |
Long-term debt | | | 645,924.1 | | | | 833,841.1 | |
Redeemable preferred stock | | | 3,500.0 | | | | 3,500.0 | |
Other liabilities | | | 380,158.3 | | | | 558,561.0 | |
Total liabilities | | | 3,698,601.2 | | | | 4,401,631.7 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Minority interest | | | 5,095.6 | | | | 7,311.9 | |
Stockholders’ equity | | | 239,650.4 | | | | 447,222.3 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | 3,943,347.2 | | | | 4,856,165.9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
1. | Includes cash and cash equivalents amounting to Rs. Rs.0.9 million given as security by way of pari passu charge towards long-term debt amounting to Rs. 950.0 million. |
2. | Includes investments amounting to Rs. 3,318.0 million pledged as security towards short-term borrowings amounting to Rs. 3,139.0 million and investments amounting to Rs. 2,331.8 earmarked against redemption of preferred stock, which falls due for redemption on April 20, 2018, as per the original issue terms. |
3. | Includes property, plant and equipment amounting to Rs.744.4 million pledged as security by way of second mortgage / charge and includes property, plant and equipment amounting Rs.60.6 million pledged as security by way of pari passu charge towards long-term debt amounting to Rs. 950.0 million. |
4. | Includes other assets amounting to gross Rs. 557.2, net 542.4 million given as security by way of pari passu charge towards long-term debt amounting to Rs. 950.0 million. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The statement of stockholders’ equity for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 are given below:
Rupees in million
| | Equity Share Capital | | | Share Premium | | | Revenue and Other Reserves | | | Other Special reserves1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as on April 1, 2005 | | | 7,367.7 | | | | 40,005.1 | | | | 37,263.2 | | | | 38,106.0 | |
Proceeds from issue of share capital | | | 1,530.9 | | | | 79,194.0 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Additions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | 17,420.3 | | | | 20,258.9 | |
Deductions during the year | | | (0.3 | ) | | | (874.1 | ) | | | (3,723.6 | ) | | | (14,130.3 | ) |
Balance as on March 31, 2006 | | | 8,898.3 | | | | 118,325.0 | | | | 50,959.9 | | | | 44,234.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1. Includes statutory reserve, special reserve, investment fluctuation reserve and capital reserve.
Rupees in million
| | Equity Share Capital | | | Share Premium | | | Revenue and Other Reserves | | | Other Special reserves1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as on April 1, 2006 | | | 8,898.3 | | | | 118,325.1 | | | | 50,959.9 | | | | 44,234.6 | |
Proceeds from issue of share capital | | | 95.1 | | | | 1,970.3 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Additions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,562.1 | | | | 17,194.6 | |
Deductions during the year | | | - | | | | (10.0 | ) | | | (1,932.4 | ) | | | (1,647.2 | ) |
Balance as on March 31, 2007 | | | 8,993.4 | | | | 120,285.4 | | | | 50,589.6 | | | | 59,782.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1. Includes statutory reserve, special reserve, unrealized investment reserve, capital reserve and foreign currency translation reserve.
Rupees in million
| | Equity Share Capital | | | Share Premium | | | Revenue and Other Reserves | | | Other Special reserves1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as on April 1, 2007 | | | 8,993.4 | | | | 120,285.4 | | | | 50,589.6 | | | | 59,782.0 | |
Proceeds from issue of share capital | | | 2,134.2 | | | | 197,644.8 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Additions during the year | | | - | | | | - | | | | 8,952.5 | | | | 14,080.9 | |
Deductions during the year | | | 0.9 | | | | 5,280.2 | | | | 4,131.6 | | | | 5,827.9 | |
Balance as on March 31, 2008 | | | 11,126.7 | | | | 312,650.0 | | | | 55,410.5 | | | | 68,035.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1. Includes statutory reserve, special reserve, unrealized investment reserve, capital reserve fund, foreign currency translation reserve and reserve fund.
The movement in profit and loss account for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 are given below:
Rupees in million
| | March 31, 2006 | | | March 31, 2007 | | | March 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Balance at the beginning of the year | | | (908.8 | ) | | | (2,435.6 | ) | | | (73.7 | ) |
Additions during the year | | | 24,200.9 | | | | 27,606.3 | | | | 33,982.3 | |
Proposed dividend | | | (8,882.6 | ) | | | (10,962.7 | ) | | | (14,355.1 | ) |
Deductions during the year | | | (16,845.1 | ) | | | (14,281.7 | ) | | | (14,056.7 | ) |
Balance at the end of the year | | | (2,435.6 | ) | | | (73.7 | ) | | | 5,496.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Supplementary information to the cash flow statement is given below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Conversion of loan to equity shares | | | 597.4 | | | | 807.0 | | | | 1,002.1 | |
Interest paid | | | 99,870.3 | | | | 170,152.4 | | | | 252,057.1 | |
The cash flow statement is in compliance with the requirements of IAS 7 – Cash Flow Statements.
| 21. | Estimated fair value of financial instruments |
The Company’s financial instruments include non-derivative financial assets and liabilities as well as derivative instruments. Fair value estimates are generally subjective in nature, and are made as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. Quoted market prices are used, wherever available. In other cases, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. These techniques involve uncertainties and are significantly affected by the assumptions used and judgments made regarding risk characteristics of various financial instruments, discount rates, estimates of future cash flows and other factors. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates and the resulting fair values. Derived fair value estimates cannot necessarily be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate sale of the instruments.
Fair value estimates are based on existing financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Disclosure of fair values is not required for certain items such as investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, obligations for pension and other post-retirement benefits, income tax assets and liabilities, property and equipment, pre-paid expenses, core deposit intangibles and the value of customer relationships associated with certain types of consumer loans, particularly the credit card portfolio, and other intangible assets. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not purport to represent, and should not be considered representative of, the underlying market or franchise value of the Company. In addition, because of differences in methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values, the Company’s fair values should not be compared to those of other financial institutions.
The following describes the methods and assumptions used by the Company in estimating the fair values of financial instruments.
Cash and balances with banks and money at call and short notice
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate fair values because a substantial amount of the portfolio has maturities of less than three months.
Investments
Trading account assets and liabilities are carried at fair value in the balance sheet. Values for trading securities are generally based on quoted, or other independent, market prices. Values for interest rate and foreign exchange products are based on quoted, or other independent, market prices, or are estimated using pricing models or discounted cash flows. For certain debt and equity investments that do not trade on
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
established exchanges, and for which markets do not exist, estimates of fair value are based upon management’s review of the investee’s financial results, condition and prospects.
Advances
The fair values of commercial and consumer loans are estimated by discounting the contractual cash flows using appropriate interest rates including relevant credit spreads. The carrying value of certain other loans approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these loans.
Deposits
The carrying amount of deposits with no stated maturity is considered to be equal to their fair value. Fair value of fixed rate time deposits is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows using interest rates currently offered on the deposit products. Fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of alternative forms of funding (core deposit intangibles).
Borrowings
The fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated by discounting future contractual cash flows using appropriate interest rates and credit spreads. The carrying value of certain other borrowings approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these borrowings.
A listing of the fair value by category of financial assets and financial liabilities is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, 2007 | | | As of March 31, 2008 | |
| | Carrying value | | | Estimated fair value | | | Carrying value | | | Estimated fair value | |
| | | |
Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and balances with Reserve Bank of India | | | 192,410 | | | | 192,410 | | | | 298,008 | | | | 298,008 | |
Balances with banks and money at call and short notice | | | 204,480 | | | | 204,480 | | | | 155,279 | | | | 155,279 | |
Investments | | | 1,206,166 | | | | 1,210,974 | | | | 1,600,468 | | | | 1,596,995 | |
Advances | | | 2,113,994 | | | | 2,080,408 | | | | 2,514,017 | | | | 2,471,881 | |
Other assets | | | 68,950 | | | | 68,950 | | | | 170,690 | | | | 170,690 | |
Total | | | 3,786,000 | | | | 3,757,222 | | | | 4,738,462 | | | | 4,692,843 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing deposits | | | 2,271,636 | | | | 2,268,161 | | | | 2,520,036 | | | | 2,529,579 | |
Non-interest-bearing deposits | | | 214,500 | | | | 214,500 | | | | 249,796 | | | | 249,796 | |
Borrowings1 | | | 828,807 | | | | 799,176 | | | | 1,073,238 | 2 | | | 1,042,497 | 2 |
Other liabilities and provisions | | | 365,211 | | | | 365,211 | | | | 537,019 | | | | 537,019 | |
Total | | | 3,680,154 | | | | 3,647,048 | | | | 4,380,089 | | | | 4,358,891 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1. | Includes subordinated debt classified under schedule 5 of consolidated financial statements. |
| 2. | Includes preference share capital. |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
| 22. | Differences between Indian GAAP and US GAAP |
The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Indian GAAP, which differs, in certain significant aspects from US GAAP.
The following tables summarize the significant adjustments to consolidated net income and stockholders’ equity which would result from the application of US GAAP:
1. | Net income reconciliation |
Rupees in million
| Note | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Consolidated profit after tax as per Indian GAAP | | | | 24,200.9 | | | | 27,606.3 | | | | 33,982.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjustments on account of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses | (a) | | | (5,214.7 | ) | | | 300.3 | | | | (4,404.7 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business combinations | (b) | | | (1,051.2 | ) | | | (981.2 | ) | | | (767.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidation | (c) | | | 277.5 | | | | 2,801.8 | | | | 6,167.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Valuation of debt and equity securities | (d) | | | 537.8 | | | | 2,467.3 | | | | (1,506.1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of fees and costs | (e) | | | 3,158.9 | | | | (2,336.4 | ) | | | (4,842.4 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounting for derivatives | (f) | | | (154.4 | ) | | | 590.3 | | | | 2,348.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounting for compensation costs | (g) | | | - | | | | (827.5 | ) | | | (1,869.9 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounting for securitization | (h) | | | - | | | | 1,431.4 | | | | 276.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax benefit/ (expense) | (i) | | | (1,714.5 | ) | | | 654.6 | | | | 3,286.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Others | (j) | | | - | | | | (436.1 | ) | | | 440.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total impact of all adjustments | | | | (4,160.6 | ) | | | 3,664.5 | | | | (871.2 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income as per US GAAP | | | | 20,040.3 | | | | 31,270.8 | | | | 33,111.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Indian GAAP (consolidated) | | | | 30.96 | | | | 30.92 | | | | 32.19 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
US GAAP | | | | 25.64 | | | | 35.02 | | | | 31.37 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Indian GAAP (consolidated) | | | | 30.64 | | | | 30.75 | | | | 32.00 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
US GAAP | | | | 25.34 | | | | 34.79 | | | | 30.87 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
2. | Stockholders’ equity reconciliation |
Rupees in million
| Note | | As on March 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | |
Consolidated net worth as per Indian GAAP 1 | | | | 239,576.7 | | | | 447,222.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Adjustments on account of: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses | (a) | | | (19,733.7 | ) | | | (24,138.4 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Business combinations | (b) | | | (1,642.8 | ) | | | 3,576.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Consolidation | (c) | | | 1,587.6 | | | | 7,699.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Valuation of debt and equity securities | (d) | | | (6,816.1 | ) | | | (102.8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of fees and costs | (e) | | | 5,052.7 | | | | 82.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Accounting for derivatives | (f) | | | 615.6 | | | | 2,963.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Accounting for compensation costs | (g) | | | 1,056.0 | | | | 924.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Accounting for securitization | (h) | | | 1,431.4 | | | | 1,707.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Deferred taxes | (i) | | | 9,767.9 | | | | 11,039.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Others | (j) | | | (436.1 | ) | | | 6.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Proposed dividend | (k) | | | 10,521.0 | | | | 13,773.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total impact of all adjustments | | | | 1,403.5 | | | | 17,532.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity as per US GAAP | | | | 240,980.2 | | | | 464,754.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| 1. | Excludes preference share capital of Rs. 3,500.0 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 3,500.0 million) and debit balance in profit and loss account of Rs. Nil (March 31, 2007: Rs. 73.6 million), included under Other Assets. |
a) Allowance for loan losses
The differences in the allowance for loan losses between Indian GAAP and US GAAP are primarily on account of:
i) | Differences in the discount rates and cash flows used for computing allowances created on restructured assets including allowances on certain loans transferred to an asset reconstruction company not accounted for as sale under US GAAP. The loss on assets transferred to an asset reconstruction company are included under allowance for loan losses under US GAAP whereas under Indian GAAP, these are netted off from the security receipts received as consideration for sale as the transfer of these loans is treated as a sale under Indian GAAP. |
ii) | Allowances for loan losses created on other impaired loans made in accordance with Statement No. 5 on “Accounting for Contingencies” and Statement No. 114 on “Accounting by Creditors for |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
| Impairment of a Loan” issued by the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) under US GAAP and prescriptive provisioning on non-performing loans as per Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”) guidelines under Indian GAAP. |
iii) | Allowances made for credit losses on the performing portfolios based on the estimated probable losses inherent in the portfolio under US GAAP and prescriptive provisioning norms for standard assets as per RBI norms under Indian GAAP. |
The guidelines on provisioning for loan losses under Indian GAAP are as follows:
Classification | Provisioning |
| |
Standard loans | As per the RBI guidelines issued in September 2005, banks were required to make a general provision at 0.4% on standard loans (excluding loans to the agricultural sector and to small and medium enterprises at 0.25%). In May 2006, the general provisioning requirement for personal loans, loans and advances qualifying as capital market exposure, residential housing loans beyond Rs. 2.0 million and commercial real estate was further increased to 1.0% from 0.4%. In January 2007, the general provisioning requirement for personal loans, credit card receivables, loans and advances qualifying as capital market exposure, commercial real estate and advances to non-deposit taking systematically important non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) was increased to 2%. |
| |
Sub-standard assets | A loan is classified as sub-standard if interest payments or installments have remained overdue for more than 90 days. A provision of 10% is required for all sub-standard loans. An additional provision of 10% is required for accounts that are ab-initio unsecured. |
| |
Doubtful assets | A loan is classified as a doubtful loan, if it has remained as sub-standard for more than a year. A 100% provision/write-off is required in respect of the unsecured portion of the doubtful loans. Until year-end fiscal 2004, a 20% to 50% provision was required for the secured portion as follows: Up to one year: 20% provision; One to three years: 30% provision; and More than three years: 50% provision. Effective quarter ended June 30, 2004 a 100% provision is required for loans classified as doubtful for more than three years on or after April 1, 2004. In respect of assets classified as doubtful for more than three years up to March 31, 2004, 60% to 100% provision on the secured portion is required as follows: By March 31, 2005: 60% provision; By March 31, 2006: 75% provision; and By March 31, 2007: 100% provision. |
| |
Loss assets | The entire loan is required to be written off or provided for. |
| |
Restructured loans | A provision equal to the difference between the present value of the future interest as per the original loan agreement and the present value of the future interest on the basis of rescheduled terms at the time of restructuring is required to be made. |
Under US GAAP, the impaired loans portfolio is classified into restructured loans and other impaired loans. Restructured loans represent loans whose terms relating to interest and installment payments have been modified and qualify as troubled debt restructurings as defined in Statement No. 15 on “Accounting by Debtors and Creditors for Troubled Debt Restructurings”. Other impaired loans represent loans other than restructured loans, which qualify for impairment as per Statement No. 114.
Under US GAAP, larger balance, non-homogenous exposures representing significant individual credit exposures (both funded and non-funded), are evaluated on the basis of borrower’s overall financial
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
condition, resources and payment record and the realizable value of any collateral. This estimate considers all available evidence including the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s contractual effective rate and the fair value of collateral. Allowances recognized on account of reductions of future interest rates as a part of troubled debt restructurings are accreted as a credit to the provision for loan losses over the tenor of the restructured loan. Each portfolio of smaller-balance, homogenous loans, including consumer mortgage, installment, revolving credit and most other consumer loans is individually evaluated for impairment. The allowance for loan losses attributed to these loans is established via a process that includes an estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio, based upon various statistical analysis.
Under US GAAP, the allowance for loan losses for restructured loans is created by discounting expected cash flows at contracted interest rates, unlike Indian GAAP, under which current interest rates are used.
Under US GAAP, the allowances on the performing portfolios are based on the estimated probable losses inherent in the portfolio. The allowances on the performing portfolios are established after considering historical and projected default rates and loss severities.
Under Indian GAAP, in respect of non-performing loan accounts subjected to restructuring, the account is upgraded to standard category if the borrower demonstrates, over a minimum period of one year, the ability to repay the loan in accordance with the contractual terms. However, the process of up gradation under US GAAP is not rule-based and the timing of up gradation may differ across individual loans.
During fiscal years 2006, 2007 and 2008, the Company transferred certain impaired loans to borrower specific funds/trusts managed by an asset reconstruction company against the issuance of security receipts by the funds/trusts. The funds/trusts have been set up by the asset reconstruction company under enacted debt recovery legislation in India and aim to improve the recoveries of banks from non-performing assets by aggregating lender interests and speeding up enforcement of security interest by lenders. While under Indian GAAP the entire transfer was recognized as a sale, under US GAAP these transfers are not recognized as a sale due to the following reasons:
· | Certain transfers did not qualify for sale accounting under Statement No. 140 on “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”. |
· | Certain transfers qualified for sale accounting but were impacted by FASB Interpretation No. 46 on “Consolidation of Variable Interests” (FIN 46)/FASB Interpretation No 46(R) (FIN 46(R)). The funds/trusts to which these loans have been transferred are variable interest entities within the definition contained in FIN 46(R). As the Bank is the “Primary Beneficiary” of certain funds/trusts, it is required under US GAAP to consolidate these entities. |
The difference in aggregate allowances for loan losses between Indian GAAP and US GAAP for the fiscal years 2006, 2007 and 2008 as attributable to the reconciling items is given in the table below:
Rs. in million
Reconciling items | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Differences due to provision on loans classified as troubled debt restructuring under US GAAP (includes cases transferred to asset reconstruction company) | | | (2,047.2 | ) | | | (547.6 | ) | | | 1,487.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Differences due to provisions on loans classified as other impaired under US GAAP | | | (5,037.5 | ) | | | (4,462.1 | ) | | | (6,526.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Differences due to provisions created on performing assets | | | 1,870.0 | | | | 5,310.0 | | | | 633.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total difference in allowance for loan losses | | | (5,214.7 | ) | | | 300.3 | | | | (4,404.7 | ) |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
b) Business combinations
The differences arising due to business combinations are primarily on account of:
i) | Determination of the accounting acquirer. |
ii) | Accounting of intangible assets. |
Under US GAAP, the amalgamation between ICICI Bank Limited and ICICI Limited was accounted for as a reverse acquisition in fiscal 2003. This means that ICICI Limited was recognized as the accounting acquirer in the amalgamation, although ICICI Bank was the legal acquirer. On the acquisition date, ICICI held a 46% ownership interest in ICICI Bank. Accordingly, the acquisition of the balance 54% ownership interest has been accounted for as a step-acquisition. Under Indian GAAP, ICICI Bank Limited was recognized as the legal and the accounting acquirer and the assets and liabilities of ICICI Limited were incorporated in the books of ICICI Bank Limited in accordance with the purchase method of accounting. Further, under US GAAP, the amalgamation resulted in goodwill and intangible assets while the amalgamation under Indian GAAP resulted in a capital reserve (negative goodwill), which was accounted for as Revenue and Other Reserves according to the scheme of amalgamation.
Further, for certain acquisitions made by the Company, no goodwill has been accounted for under Indian GAAP primarily due to accounting for the amalgamation by the pooling of interests method. However, under US GAAP, goodwill has been accounted for in accordance with Statement No. 141 on “Business Combinations” and Statement No. 142 on “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”.
Under US GAAP subsequent to the adoption of Statement No. 142, the Company does not amortize goodwill and intangibles with infinite life but instead tests the same for impairment at least annually. The annual impairment test under Statement No. 142 does not indicate an impairment loss for fiscal 2008.
Under US GAAP intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits consumed in each period.
The estimated useful lives of intangible assets is as follows:
| No. of years |
Customer-related intangibles | 10 |
Other intangibles | 3 to 5 |
| |
In fiscal 2008, the Company recorded goodwill under US GAAP of Rs. 5,465.9 million and intangible assets of Rs. 1,175.0 million in relation to the acquisition of The Sangli Bank for a consideration of Rs. 2,964.2 million. The revenue and total assets of the acquired company is immaterial to the consolidated results of operations and financial position of the Company. The fair values of the net assets of The Sangli Bank as on the date of merger are as follows:
Rs. in million
Particulars | |
Assets | |
Cash and balances with RBI | 999.6 |
Balances with banks and money at call and short notice | 1,362.9 |
Investments | 7,362.2 |
Advances | 1,973.1 |
Fixed Assets | 811.6 |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Other Assets | 597.8 |
Total Assets | 13,107.2 |
| |
Liabilities | |
Deposits | 13,129.2 |
Borrowings | 8.8 |
Other Liabilities and Provisions | 2,987.6 |
| |
Total Liabilities | 16,125.6 |
| |
Net Assets | (3,018.4) |
| |
c) Consolidation
The differences on account of consolidation are primarily on account of:
i) | Consolidation of insurance subsidiaries. |
ii) | Equity affiliates and majority owned subsidiaries. |
iii) | Variable interest entities. |
Under Indian GAAP, the Company has not consolidated certain entities in which control is intended to be temporary. However, under US GAAP, these entities have been consolidated in accordance with Statement No. 94 on “Consolidation of majority owned subsidiaries” which requires consolidation of such entities.
Under Indian GAAP, consolidation is required only if there is ownership of more than one-half of the voting power of an enterprise or control of the composition of the board of directors in the case of a group or of the composition of the governing body in case of any other enterprise.
However, under US GAAP, the Company is required to consolidate entities deemed to be Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) where the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary under FIN 46(R).
The Company’s venture capital subsidiary is involved with entities that may be deemed VIEs. The FASB permitted non-registered investment companies to defer consolidation of VIEs with which they are involved until the proposed Statement of Position on the clarification of the scope of the Investment Company Audit Guide is finalized. Following issuance of the Statement of Position, the FASB will consider further modification to FIN 46(R) to provide an exception for companies that qualify to apply the revised Audit Guide. Following issuance of the revised Audit Guide and further modification, if any, to FIN 46(R), the Company will assess the effect of such guidance on its venture capital business.
Under Indian GAAP, the insurance subsidiaries (ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited) are fully consolidated whereas under US GAAP, these subsidiaries are accounted for by the equity method of accounting as the minority shareholders have substantive participating rights as defined in Issue No 96-16 issued by the Emerging Issues Task Force.
The significant differences between Indian GAAP and US GAAP in case of our life insurance subsidiary are given below:
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Rupees in million
Reconciling items | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Loss as per Indian GAAP | | | (1,879 | ) | | | (6,489 | ) | | | (13,951 | ) |
Adjustments on account of: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | | | 5,660 | | | | 7,729 | | | | 24,365 | |
Actuarial reserves on lapsed policies | | | - | | | | 968 | | | | 2,333 | |
Compensation costs | | | (72 | ) | | | (44 | ) | | | (113 | ) |
Difference in statutory reserve and unallocated policyholders’ surplus | | | (5,016 | ) | | | (4,792 | ) | | | (18,985 | ) |
Un-realized (loss)/gain on trading portfolio of participating funds | | | 808 | | | | (605 | ) | | | 833 | |
Deferred taxes | | | (597 | ) | | | (126 | ) | | | (532 | ) |
Others | | | (3 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
Loss as per US GAAP | | | (1,099 | ) | | | (3,362 | ) | | | (6,053 | ) |
The aforesaid differences in respect of our life insurance subsidiary are described below:
i) Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
Under Indian GAAP, acquisition cost is charged to the revenue account in the year in which it is incurred whereas under US GAAP, the same is deferred over the policy term. Under US GAAP, expenses that vary with and are primarily related to the acquisition of new business are carried as deferred acquisition cost. This deferred acquisition cost is written off over the premium payment term for Statement No. 60 products and over the estimated gross profits (“EGP”) for Statement No. 97 products.
ii) Actuarial reserves on lapsed policies
Under US GAAP, certain actuarial reserves on lapsed policies created in earlier years are released through the profit and loss account. The release of such actuarial reserves have been accounted as funds for future appropriations as a balance sheet item under Indian GAAP in accordance with the instructions received from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority for the year ended March 31, 2008.
iii) Compensation costs
It primarily represents the differences in the method followed for accounting of employee stock options. Under Indian GAAP, stock compensation costs are accounted for using the intrinsic value method as compared to US GAAP where the compensation costs have been accounted for at the fair value method in accordance with the requirement of Statement No. 123(R).
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
iv) Differences in statutory reserve and unallocated policyholders’ surplus
Reserves under Indian GAAP are held as per the requirements of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority and the Actuarial Society of India. Accordingly, the reserves are computed using the Gross Premium Method (reserves are computed as the present value of future benefits including future bonuses and the present value of expenses including overheads and are net of the present value of future total premiums, paid by policyholders). Reserves under US GAAP are valued using the Modified Net Premium Method as per the valuation norms prescribed under US GAAP. The liability consists of two parts, namely, policy reserves (comprising benefit reserve and maintenance expense reserve) and deferred premium liability.
The benefit reserve is computed as the present value of benefits less the present value of the net premium for benefits. The maintenance expense reserve is computed as the present value of maintenance expenses less the present value of net premiums for maintenance expenses. Deferred premium liability is held under Statement No. 97 limited pay and Statement No. 60 products where the premium paying term is lower than the policy term so as to allow the emergence of the profits over the entire policy term. Under unit-linked products, the excess of initial charges over ultimate charges is held as unearned revenue reserve to allow for the emergence of the profit over the term of the policy.
Unallocated policyholders’ surplus represents amounts to be set aside for policyholders under participating products as required under US GAAP.
v) Un-realized loss / (gain) on trading portfolio of participating funds
Under Indian GAAP, accounting for investments is in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, which do not allow the unrealized gain to be routed through the revenue account except in the case of linked businesses. Under US GAAP, as per the requirements of Statement No. 115 on “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” unrealized loss/(gain) on investments classified as held for trading is taken to the revenue account.
The details of the significant differences between Indian GAAP and US GAAP for the general insurance subsidiary are given below:
Rupees in million
Reconciling items | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Profit as per Indian GAAP | | | 503 | | | | 684 | | | | 1,029 | |
Adjustments on account of: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for reinsurance commission | | | (480 | ) | | | (1,304 | ) | | | (956 | ) |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | | | 423 | | | | 931 | | | | 420 | |
Premium deficiency | | | (87 | ) | | | (215 | ) | | | 341 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Compensation costs | | | - | | | | (39 | ) | | | (46 | ) |
Deferred taxes | | | 55 | | | | 211 | | | | 79 | |
Others | | | (19 | ) | | | - | | | | 8 | |
Profit as per US GAAP | | | 395 | | | | 268 | | | | 875 | |
The aforesaid differences in respect of our general insurance subsidiary are described below:
i) Provision for reinsurance commission
Under Indian GAAP in the absence of any specific guidance, reinsurance commission on business ceded is recognized as income in the year of the ceding of the risk. Under US GAAP, proceeds from reinsurance transactions that represent recovery of acquisition costs are reduced from unamortized acquisition costs in such a manner that net acquisition costs are capitalized and charged to expense in proportion to net revenue recognized.
ii) Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
Under Indian GAAP, acquisition cost is charged as expense to the revenue account in the year in which it is incurred whereas under US GAAP the same is capitalized and charged to expense in proportion to premium revenue recognized.
iii) Premium deficiency
Under Indian GAAP, premium deficiency is recognized if the sum of the expected claims costs, related expenses and maintenance costs exceeds related unearned premiums. Indian regulations require assessment and recognition of premium deficiency under “Fire”, “Marine” and “Miscellaneous” segments of business and not under each line of businesses in the revenue account. Under US GAAP a premium deficiency relating to short-term insurance contracts indicates a probable loss. A premium deficiency for each line of business is assessed and recognized in the revenue account if the sum of expected claim costs and claim adjustment expenses, expected dividends to policyholders, un-amortized acquisition costs and maintenance costs exceeds related unearned premiums.
A premium deficiency is recognized by first charging un-amortized acquisition costs to expense to the extent required to eliminate the deficiency. If the premium deficiency is greater than un-amortized acquisition costs, a liability for the excess deficiency is required to be accrued.
iv) Compensation costs
Under Indian GAAP, stock compensation costs are accounted for by the intrinsic value method as compared to US GAAP where the compensation costs have been accounted for at the fair value method in accordance with the requirement of Statement No 123(R).
d) Valuation of debt and equity securities
Under Indian GAAP, net unrealized gains on investments by category are ignored, except for the venture capital investments wherein the unrealized gains and losses are transferred to Reserves and Surplus.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Under US GAAP, unrealized gains or losses on trading assets are recognized in the profit and loss account and unrealized gains or losses on securities classified as “available for sale” are recognized in “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” under stockholders’ equity. Under Indian GAAP, unrealized gains and temporary losses on investments of venture capital subsidiaries are recognized in Reserves and Surplus. Under US GAAP, unrealized gains or losses on investments of venture capital subsidiaries are recognized in the profit and loss account.
e) Amortization of fees and costs
Fees
Under US GAAP, loan origination fees (net of certain costs) are amortized over the period of the loans as an adjustment to the yield on the loan. However under Indian GAAP, loan origination fees are accounted for upfront except for certain fees, which are received in lieu of sacrifice of future interest, which are amortized over the remaining period of the facility. Loan origination costs, including commissions paid to direct marketing agents are expensed in the year in which they are incurred.
Costs
ICICI Bank Limited had implemented an Early Retirement Option Scheme 2003 (“ERO”) for its employees in July 2003. All employees who had completed 40 years of age and seven years of service with the Bank (including period of service with entities amalgamated with the Bank) were eligible for the ERO. The ex-gratia payments under ERO, termination benefits and leave encashment in the excess of the provision made (net of tax benefits), aggregating to Rs. 1,910.0 million are being amortized under Indian GAAP over the period of five years commencing August 1, 2003. Under US GAAP, the same has been accounted in accordance with the provisions of Statement No. 87 on “Employers' Accounting for Pensions” and Statement No. 88 on “Employers' Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits”. Accordingly under US GAAP, this amount was expensed in fiscal 2004.
f) Accounting for derivatives
Under Indian GAAP, the interest rate and exchange rate risks on some on-balance sheet assets and liabilities are hedged through swap contracts. The impact of such derivative instruments is correlated with the movement of underlying assets and accounted for on accrual basis, in accordance with RBI guidelines.
Under US GAAP, the Company accounts for its derivative transactions in accordance with the provisions of Statement No. 133 on “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as amended. Accordingly certain derivative contracts classified as hedges under Indian GAAP may not qualify as hedges under US GAAP and are accounted for as trading derivatives with changes in fair value being recorded in the income statement.
Under US GAAP, the Company has designated certain derivatives as fair value hedges of certain interest-bearing assets and liabilities under Statement No. 133. At the inception of a hedge transaction, the Company formally documents the hedge relationship and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. This process includes identification of the hedging instrument, hedged item, risk being hedged and the methodology for assessing effectiveness and measuring ineffectiveness of the hedge. In addition, the Company assesses both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative used in the hedging transaction is effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, and whether the derivative is expected to continue to be highly effective. The Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedge instrument at inception and continually on a quarterly basis.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
g) Accounting for compensation cost
Under US GAAP, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No 123 (revised 2004) on “Share-Based Payment”, which is a revision of FASB Statement No 123 on “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. Statement No. 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25 on “Accounting for Stock issued to Employees” and amends FASB Statement No. 95 on “Statement of Cash flows”. The approach in Statement No. 123(R) is generally similar to the approach in Statement No. 123. However, Statement No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values.
The Company adopted the modified prospective method in which compensation cost is recognized in the previous year based on the requirements of Statement No. 123(R), for all the share-based payments granted after April 1, 2006 and based on the requirements of Statement No. 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to April 1, 2006 that remain unvested. Under Indian GAAP, the Company follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock-based employees’ compensation plans. Compensation cost is measured by the excess, if any, of the fair market price, of the underlying stock over the exercise price on the grant date.
Under US GAAP, compensated absences are accounted for on an accrual basis. Under Indian GAAP, till March 31, 2006 compensated absences were also accounted on accrual basis, based on the basic salary of the employee, computed on actuarial basis. During the year ended March 31, 2007, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India issued Accounting Standard (“AS”) 15 (revised) on “Employee Benefits”, which is a revision of AS-15, on “Employee Benefits”. As per AS-15(R), in addition to certain other changes, the Company was required to account for the provision for leave encashment based on an employees’ cost to the Company instead of the basic salary, at which leaves can be encashed. AS-15(R) allowed an adjustment to the opening reserves for the difference in liability arising on account of retirement benefit at March 31, 2006.
Fringe benefit tax on ESOS
Under Indian GAAP, fringe benefit tax (FBT) recovered from employees is recorded as an offset against the corresponding expenses. Under US GAAP, the effect of FBT is considered in determining the fair value of the award on the grant date.
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended March 31, 2008, after considering FBT is Rs. 309.62 and the weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006 is Rs. 215.37 and Rs. 130.32 respectively.
Carried interest
The Company accounts for carried-interest obligations of certain investment funds that are consolidated by the Company as liability awards in terms of Statement No.123(R). Under Indian GAAP, these expenses are recognized in the profit and loss account when the proceeds from the underlying investments are realized and certain conditions are met. Under US GAAP, the expenses are included in net income during the service period.
h) Accounting for securitization
Under US GAAP, the Company accounts for gain on sale of loans securitized (including float income) at the time of sale in accordance with Statement No. 140 on “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities”. As per Statement No. 140, any gain or loss on the sale of the financial asset is accounted for in the income statement at the time of the sale. Under Indian GAAP,
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
with effect from February 1, 2006, net income arising from securitization of loan assets is accounted for over the life of the securities issued or to be issued by the special purpose vehicle/special purpose entity to which the assets are sold.
i) Deferred taxes
The differences in the accounting for deferred taxes are primarily on account of:
i) | Tax impact of all US GAAP adjustments. |
ii) | Deferred taxes created on undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliates under US GAAP. Deferred taxes are not required to be created on undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliates under Indian GAAP. |
iii) | Under Indian GAAP, deferred tax assets or liabilities are created based on substantively enacted tax rates, whereas under US GAAP, these are created on enacted tax rates in force at the balance sheet date. |
Others include gains realized on redemption of certain venture capital units. The same was recognized as a gain during previous year under Indian GAAP but not under US GAAP as consideration other than beneficial interest was not received.
k) Dividend
Under US GAAP, dividends on common stock and the related dividend tax are recognized in the year of approval by the Board of Directors. Under Indian GAAP, dividends on common stock and the related dividend tax are recognized in the year to which it relates.
1. | Additional information required under US GAAP |
Under US GAAP the Company accounts for its ownership interest in ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Limited (“ICICI Prulife”) and ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited (“ICICI Lombard”) by the equity method of accounting because of substantive participative rights held by the minority shareholders.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The summarized balance sheets and statements of operations of these entities as of and for the years ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 is set out below:
Rupees in million
Balance sheet | | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | ICICI Prulife | | | ICICI Lombard | | | ICICI Prulife | | | ICICI Lombard | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 5,451.7 | | | | 2,389.7 | | | | 7,430.2 | | | | 1,535.8 | |
Securities | | | 23,065.9 | | | | 15,552.3 | | | | 34,387.5 | | | | 22,499.1 | |
Assets held to cover linked liabilities | | | 130,762.7 | | | | - | | | | 244,568.2 | | | | - | |
Other assets | | | 24,176.4 | | | | 13,291.7 | | | | 54,358.0 | | | | 14,312.2 | |
Total assets | | | 183,456.7 | | | | 31,233.7 | | | | 340,743.9 | | | | 38,347.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for linked liabilities | | | 130,762.7 | | | | - | | | | 244,568.2 | | | | - | |
Other liabilities | | | 42,035.4 | | | | 22,940.9 | | | | 74,597.4 | | | | 28,685.4 | |
Stockholders’ equity | | | 10,658.6 | | | | 8,292.8 | | | | 21,578.3 | | | | 9,661.7 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | | 183,456.7 | | | | 31,233.7 | | | | 340,743.9 | | | | 38347.1 | |
Rupees in million
Statement of income | | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | ICICI Prulife | | | ICICI Lombard | | | ICICI Prulife | | | ICICI Lombard | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 9,590.9 | | | | 866.6 | | | | 6,479.6 | | | | 1,702.2 | |
Interest expense | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Net interest income | | | 9,590.9 | | | | 866.6 | | | | 6,479.6 | | | | 1,702.2 | |
Insurance premium | | | 79,116.2 | | | | 10,669.3 | | | | 135,585.7 | | | | 15,671.8 | |
Other non-interest income | | | 2,941.5 | | | | 2,026.4 | | | | 24,261.8 | | | | 1,293.3 | |
Non-interest expense | | | (95,313.1 | ) | | | (13,387.3 | ) | | | (173,328.0 | ) | | | (17,598.0 | ) |
Income tax (expense)/ benefit | | | 302.6 | | | | 93.1 | | | | 948.4 | | | | (194.6 | ) |
Net income/(loss) | | | (3,361.9 | ) | | | 268.1 | | | | (6,052.5 | ) | | | 874.7 | |
The retained earning of the equity affiliates (3i Infotech Ltd and Firstsource Solutions Ltd) held by the Company as on March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007 is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31 | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | 3i Infotech | | | First Source | | | 3i Infotech | | | First Source | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Retained Earning | | | (49.9 | ) | | | 224.2 | | | | 281.7 | | | | 539.2 | |
Total Retained Earning | | | (108.8 | ) | | | 896.8 | | | | 712.4 | | | | 2,170.8 | |
% Holding | | | 45.9 | % | | | 25.0 | % | | | 39.6 | % | | | 24.8 | % |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
b. Goodwill and intangible assets
A listing of goodwill and intangible assets, by category under US GAAP is set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Goodwill | | | 2,713.7 | | | | 8,179.6 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (54.0 | ) | | | (54.0 | ) |
Goodwill, net | | | 2,659.7 | | | | 8,125.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Customer-related intangibles | | | 5,470.0 | | | | 6,645.0 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (2,735.0 | ) | | | (3,467.4 | ) |
Customer related intangibles, net | | | 2,735.0 | | | | 3,177.6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Asset management and advisory intangibles1 | | | 367.0 | | | | 367.0 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Other intangibles | | | 47.0 | | | | 47.0 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (47.0 | ) | | | (47.0 | ) |
Other intangibles, net | | | - | | | | - | |
Goodwill and intangible assets, net | | | 5,761.7 | | | | 11,670.2 | |
The following table presents the changes in goodwill under US GAAP.
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Opening balance | | | 8,603.8 | | | | 2,659.7 | |
Goodwill relating to acquisitions consummated during the period | | | - | | | | 5,465.9 | |
Goodwill transferred on change to equity method accounting of certain previously fully consolidated entities1 | | | (5,944.1 | ) | | | - | |
Closing balance | | | 2,659.7 | | | | 8,125.6 | |
1. | Certain entities which were subsidiaries at the commencement of the year are classified as equity method investees at year end because of dilution of share holding during the year. |
The following table presents the changes in intangible assets under US GAAP.
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Opening balance | | | 5,991.1 | | | | 5,991.1 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (3,014.5 | ) | | | (3,746.9 | ) |
Intangible assets transferred on change to equity method accounting for certain previously fully consolidated entities1 | | | (241.6 | ) | | | (241.6 | ) |
Intangible assets relating to acquisitions | | | - | | | | 1,175.0 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Other intangibles | | | 47.0 | | | | 47.0 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (47.0 | ) | | | (47.0 | ) |
Closing balance | | | 2,735.0 | | | | 3,177.6 | |
1. | Certain entities which were subsidiaries at the commencement of the year are classified as equity method investees at year end because of dilution of share holding during the year. |
The estimated amortization schedule for intangible assets under US GAAP, on a straight line basis, for the next five years is set out below:
Rupees in million
Year ended March 31 | | | |
2009 | | | 732.4 | |
2010 | | | 732.4 | |
2011 | | | 635.4 | |
2012 | | | 635.4 | |
2013 | | | 88.4 | |
Thereafter | | | 353.6 | |
Total | | | 3,177.6 | |
Gratuity
In accordance with Indian regulations, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering all employees. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee’s salary and the years of employment with the Company. The gratuity benefit provided by the Company to its employees is equal to or greater than the statutory minimum.
In respect of the parent company, the gratuity benefit is provided to the employee either through a fund administered by a Board of Trustees and managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and through ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. The Company is responsible for settling the gratuity obligation through contributions to the fund. The plan is fully funded.
In respect of the remaining entities within the group, the gratuity benefit is provided through annual contributions to a fund administered and managed by LIC and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited. Under this scheme, the settlement obligation remains with the Company, although LIC and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Company.
The following table sets forth the funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the financial statements.
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | |
Change in benefit obligations | | | | | | |
Projected benefit obligations at beginning of the year | | | 1,145.8 | | | | 981.4 | |
Adjustment due to change to equity method accounting for certain previously fully consolidated entities | | | (111.8 | ) | | | - | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | |
Obligations assumed on acquisition | | | - | | | | - | |
Service cost | | | 234.9 | | | | 225.1 | |
Interest cost | | | 80.5 | | | | 97.5 | |
Plan amendments | | | - | | | | 96.4 | |
Benefits paid | | | (96.5 | ) | | | (148.1 | ) |
Actuarial (gain)/loss on obligations | | | (271.5 | ) | | | 55.8 | |
Projected benefit obligations at the end of the year | | | 981.4 | | | | 1,308.1 | |
Change in plan assets | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the year | | | 850.5 | | | | 940.9 | |
Adjustment due to change to equity method accounting for certain fully consolidated entities earlier | | | (31.0 | ) | | | - | |
Fair value of plan assets acquired on acquisition | | | - | | | | - | |
Actual return on plan assets | | | 48.3 | | | | 101.1 | |
Employer contributions | | | 169.6 | | | | 281.3 | |
Benefits paid | | | (96.5 | ) | | | (148.1 | ) |
Plan assets at the end of the year | | | 940.9 | | | | 1,175.2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Funded status | | | (40.5 | ) | | | (132.9 | ) |
Unrecognized actuarial loss | | | - | | | | - | |
Unrecognized transitional obligation | | | - | | | | - | |
Unrecognized prior service cost | | | - | | | | - | |
Net amount recognized | | | (40.5 | ) | | | (132.9 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Accumulated benefit obligation at year end | | | 441.8 | | | | 572.4 | |
The components of the net gratuity cost are set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | |
Service cost | | | 214.0 | | | | 234.9 | | | | 225.1 | |
Interest cost | | | 69.8 | | | | 80.5 | | | | 97.5 | |
Expected return on assets | | | (59.4 | ) | | | (65.6 | ) | | | (75.3 | ) |
Amortization of transition asset/liability | | | (1.0 | ) | | | (1.1 | ) | | | 0.5 | |
Amortization of prior service cost | | | 5.7 | | | | 4.7 | | | | 4.7 | |
Actuarial (gain)/loss | | | (7.2 | ) | | | 9.1 | | | | 1.5 | |
Curtailment (gain)/ loss | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Net gratuity cost | | | 221.9 | | | | 262.5 | | | | 254.0 | |
The discount rate for the corresponding tenure of obligations for gratuity is selected by reference to local government bond rates with a premium added to reflect the additional risk for AA rated corporate bonds.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the period are given below:
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | | 8.0 | % | | | 10.1 | % | | | 10.1 | % |
Rate of increase in the compensation levels | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % |
Rate of return on plan assets | | | 7.5 | % | | | 7.5 | % | | | 7.5 | % |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are given below:
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Discount rate | | | 10.1 | % | | | 10.1 | % |
Rate of increase in the compensation levels | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % |
As of March 31, 2008 and 2007, there are no plan assets that are invested in debt securities of the Company.
Plan Assets
The Company determines its assumptions for the expected rate of return on plan assets based on the expected average long-term rate of return over the next 15 to 20 years on the types of investments prescribed as per statutory pattern of investment.
The Company’s asset allocation for the gratuity at the end of the year ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007 and the target allocation for year ending March 31, 2009 by asset category based on fair values are as follows.
Asset Category | | Post-retirement asset at March 31, 2007 | | Post-retirement asset at March 31, 2008 | | Target asset allocation 2009 |
Debt Securities | | 0% | | 0% | | 0% |
Other investments | | 100% | | 100% | | 100% |
Total | | 100% | | 100% | | 100% |
The plan assets primarily consist of investments made in insurer managed funds.
Investment strategy for plan assets maintained by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited
The ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited administers the plan fund and it independently determines the target allocation by asset category. The investment strategy is to invest in a prudent manner for providing benefits to the participants of the scheme. The strategies are targeted to produce a return that, when combined with the Company’s contribution to the funds will maintain the fund’s ability to meet all required benefit obligations. The insurance industry in the country is highly regulated and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited functions within regulated investment norms.
Investment strategy for plan assets maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
LIC administers the plan fund and it independently determines the target allocation by asset category. The selection of investments and the asset category is determined by LIC. LIC’s strategy is to invest in a prudent
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
manner to produce a return that will enable the fund to meet the required benefit obligations. The insurance industry in the country is highly regulated and the LIC, which is owned by the Government of India, functions within regulated investment norms. As such, while the return on investments is subject to market interest rate and other risks, no untoward losses are expected to the plan assets. No such events have occurred in the history of operations of the fund.
The benefit expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years and in the next five fiscal years thereafter is as follows.
Rupees in million
Expected company contributions to the fund during the year ended March 31, 2009 | | | 39.0 | |
Expected benefit payments from the fund during year ended March 31, | | | | |
2009 | | | 59.5 | |
2010 | | | 64.8 | |
2011 | | | 95.5 | |
2012 | | | 125.5 | |
2013 | | | 172.1 | |
Thereafter | | | 1,385.7 | |
Pension
The Company provides for pension, a deferred retirement plan covering certain employees. The plan provides for a pension payment on a monthly basis to these employees on their retirement based on the respective employee’s salary and years of employment with the Company. Employees covered by the pension plan are not eligible for benefits under the provident fund plan, a defined contribution plan. The pension plan pertained to the employees of erstwhile Bank of Madura, which was acquired with effect from April 2003. Erstwhile Bank of Madura employees have a separate pension fund which is managed in-house and the liability is totally funded as per the valuation arrived by the actuary. The pension payments to retired employees of erstwhile Bank of Madura employees are being administered by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, for whom the Bank has purchased master annuity policies.
The following table sets forth the funded status of the plan and the amounts recognized in the financial statements.
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Change in benefit obligations | | | | | | |
Projected benefit obligations at beginning of the year | | | 1,009.1 | | | | 859.6 | |
Service cost | | | 6.4 | | | | 4.2 | |
Interest cost | | | 78.1 | | | | 83.3 | |
Benefits paid | | | (63.3 | ) | | | (774.8 | ) |
Curtailment and settlement (gain)/loss | | | - | | | | 62.9 | |
Actuarial (gain)/loss on obligations | | | (170.7 | ) | | | 79.7 | |
Projected benefit obligations at the end of the year | | | 859.6 | | | | 314.9 | |
Change in plan assets | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the year | | | 1,229.5 | | | | 988.5 | |
Actual return on plan assets | | | (183.5 | ) | | | (12.2 | ) |
Employer contributions | | | 5.8 | | | | 64.9 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Benefits paid | | | (63.3 | ) | | | (774.8 | ) |
Plan assets at the end of the year | | | 988.5 | | | | 266.4 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Funded status | | | 128.9 | | | | (48.5 | ) |
Unrecognized actuarial loss/(gain) | | | - | | | | - | |
Net amount recognized | | | 128.9 | | | | (48.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Accumulated benefit obligation at year end | | | 819.2 | | | | 267.7 | |
The components of the net pension cost are set out below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | | 8.9 | | | | 6.4 | | | | 4.2 | |
Interest cost | | | 74.1 | | | | 78.1 | | | | 83.3 | |
Expected return on assets | | | (84.7 | ) | | | (90.1 | ) | | | (71.7 | ) |
Curtailment and Settlement (gain) / loss | | | - | | | | - | | | | 62.9 | |
Actuarial (gain) / loss | | | (1.2 | ) | | | (5.9 | ) | | | (0.2 | ) |
Net pension cost | | | (2.9 | ) | | | (11.5 | ) | | | 78.5 | |
The discount rate for the corresponding tenure of obligations for pension is selected by reference to local government bond rates with a premium added to reflect the additional risk for AA rated corporate bonds.
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the period are given below:
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | | 8.0 | % | | | 10.1 | % | | | 10.1 | % |
Rate of increase in the compensation levels | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % |
Rate of return on plan assets | | | 7.5 | % | | | 7.5 | % | | | 7.5 | % |
Pension increases | | | 3.0 | % | | | 3.0 | % | | | 3.0 | % |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are given below:
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | | 8.0 | % | | | 10.1 | % | | | 10.1 | % |
Rate of increase in the compensation levels | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % | | | 7.0 | % |
Pension increases | | | 3.0 | % | | | 3.0 | % | | | 3.0 | % |
Plan Assets
The Company determines its assumptions for the expected rate of return on plan assets based on the expected average long-term rate of return over the next 15 to 20 years on the types of investments prescribed as per statutory pattern of investment.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company’s asset allocation for the pension at the end of the year ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 and the target allocation for year ending March 31, 2009 by asset category based on fair values are as follows.
| | Pension assets at March 31, | | Pension assets at March 31, | | Target asset allocation |
Asset Category | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 |
Debt Securities | | 100% | | 100% | | 100% |
Other investments | | 0% | | 0% | | 0% |
Total | | 100% | | 100% | | 100% |
The plan assets are maintained through a fund administered and managed by a Board of Trustees for existing employees and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited for retired employees.
The investment strategy of the Company is to invest in a prudent manner for providing benefits to the participants of the scheme. The strategies are targeted to produce a return that, when combined with the Company’s contribution to the funds will maintain the fund’s ability to meet all required benefit obligations. Risk is reduced by investment in GOI securities or relatively low-risk securities.
The benefit expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows.
Rupees in million
Expected company contributions to the fund during the year ended March 31, 2009 | | | 15.0 | |
Expected benefit payments from the fund during year ended March 31, | | | | |
2009 | | | 4.2 | |
2010 | | | 3.4 | |
2011 | | | 3.7 | |
2012 | | | 7.0 | |
2013 | | | 8.3 | |
Thereafter | | | 30.6 | |
Superannuation
The permanent employees of the Company are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the superannuation scheme operated by the Company. Superannuation is a defined contribution plan under which the Company contributes annually a sum equivalent to 15.0% of the employee’s eligible annual salary based on the option exercised by the employees, either to LIC or ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited, the managers of the fund, who undertake to pay the lump sum and annuity payments pursuant to the scheme. The Company contributed Rs. 110.0 million, Rs. 99.0 million and Rs. 118.9 million to the employees’ superannuation plan for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
Provident fund
In accordance with Indian regulations, employees of the Company (excluding those covered under the pension scheme) are entitled to receive benefits under the provident fund, a defined contribution plan, in which, both the employee and the Company contribute monthly at a determined rate. These contributions are made to a fund set up by the Company and administered by a Board of Trustees. The contribution to the employees’ provident fund amounted to Rs. 428.0 million, Rs. 699.3 million and Rs. 889.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
d. Earnings per share (EPS)
A basic earnings per share (EPS) is net income per weighted average equity shares. Diluted EPS reflects the effect that existing options would have on the basic EPS if they were to be exercised, by increasing the number of equity shares.
The basic and diluted EPS under US GAAP differs to the extent that income under US GAAP differs.
The computation of earnings per share as per US GAAP is given below:
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | (in millions, except earnings per share data) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Basic | | | Fully Diluted | | | Basic | | | Fully diluted | | | Basic | | | Fully Diluted | |
Earnings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (before dilutive impact) | | | 20,040.3 | | | | 20,040.3 | | | | 31,270.8 | | | | 31,270.8 | | | | 33,111.1 | | | | 33,111.1 | |
Contingent issuances of subsidiaries | | | - | | | | (26.6 | ) | | | - | | | | (42.5 | ) | | | - | | | | (324.5 | ) |
| | | 20,040.3 | | | | 20,013.7 | | | | 31,270.8 | | | | 31,228.3 | | | | 33,111.1 | | | | 32,786.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average common stock outstanding | | | 781.7 | | | | 781.7 | | | | 892.8 | | | | 892.8 | | | | 1,055.6 | | | | 1,055.6 | |
Dilutive effect of employee stock options. | | | - | | | | 8.3 | | | | - | | | | 4.9 | | | | | | | | 6.5 | |
Total | | | 781.7 | | | | 790.0 | | | | 892.8 | | | | 897.7 | | | | 1,055.6 | | | | 1,062.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (Rs.) | | | 25.64 | | | | 25.34 | | | | 35.02 | | | | 34.79 | | | | 31.37 | | | | 30.87 | |
e. Income taxes
Components of deferred tax balances
The components of the deferred tax balances are set out below:
Rupees in million
| | As of March 31, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | |
Deferred tax assets | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | 19,196.8 | | | | 27,555.9 | |
Available for sale securities | | | 3,576.8 | | | | 2,102.5 | |
Investments in trading securities | | | 74.3 | | | | 88.0 | |
Employee retirement | | | 215.2 | | | | 196.2 | |
Business loss carry forward | | | 275.2 | | | | 701.7 | |
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliates | | | 1,974.5 | | | | 2,712.9 | |
Unearned Income | | | - | | | | 426.0 | |
Other | | | 618.4 | | | | 257.1 | |
| | | 25,931.2 | | | | 34,040.2 | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Valuation allowance | | | (56.2 | ) | | | (50.1 | ) |
Total deferred tax asset | | | 25,875.0 | | | | 33,990.1 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | | | | | | |
Property and equipment | | | (6,588.2 | ) | | | (6,366.9 | ) |
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliates1 | | | (880.0 | ) | | | (967.0 | ) |
Intangibles | | | (920.6 | ) | | | (1,071.0 | ) |
Unearned income | | | (1,652.9 | ) | | | - | |
Accounting for derivatives | | | (703.8 | ) | | | (1,490.8 | ) |
Long-term debt | | | (310.7 | ) | | | (332.6 | ) |
Others | | | - | | | | - | |
Total deferred tax liability | | | (11,056.2 | ) | | | (10,228.3 | ) |
Net deferred tax asset | | | 14,818.8 | | | | 23,761.7 | |
1. | As of March 31, 2008, the Company has not provided for deferred income taxes on the undistributed earnings of Rs. 1,130.2 million of its foreign subsidiaries, since these earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. A deferred tax liability will be recognized when the Company no longer demonstrates that it plans to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional taxes that might be payable on such undistributed earnings. |
In assessing the reliability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax asset is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, the projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable incomes over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of those deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances at March 31, 2008. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable, however could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income are reduced.
The Indian statutory tax rate was 30% for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. The above rate is increased by applicable surcharge and education cess payable on tax and surcharge. During each of the years presented, legislation was enacted in the first few months of the fiscal year that changed the amount of the surcharge for that fiscal year and future years. The rate of surcharge is 10.0% for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, whereas rate of education cess was 2.0% for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 and additional 1.0% as secondary and higher educational cess for the year ended March 31, 2008. This has resulted in a statutory tax rate of 33.66%, 33.66% and 33.99% for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
Reconciliation of tax rates
The following table gives reconciliation of expected income taxes at statutory income tax rate to income tax expense / (benefit) as reported.
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Income/(loss) before income taxes1 | | | 28,682.9 | | | | 38,140.0 | | | | 41,466.6 | |
Statutory tax rate | | | 33.66 | % | | | 33.66 | % | | | 33.99 | % |
Income tax expense/(benefit) at the statutory tax rate | | | 9,654.7 | | | | 12,837.9 | | | | 14,094.5 | |
Increases/(reductions) in taxes on account of: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Rupees in million
| | Year ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
Special tax deductions available to financial institutions | | | (841.5 | ) | | | (1,483.2 | ) | | | (619.0 | ) |
Exempt interest and dividend income | | | (398.9 | ) | | | (1,627.0 | ) | | | (6,896.6 | ) |
Income charged at rates other than statutory tax rate | | �� | (1,392.7 | ) | | | (2,367.2 | ) | | | (871.3 | ) |
Changes in the statutory tax rate | | | 807.2 | | | | - | | | | (41.8 | ) |
Expenses disallowed for tax purposes | | | 710.8 | | | | 1,094.1 | | | | 1,827.9 | |
Tax on undistributed earnings of subsidiaries & equity affiliates | | | 108.5 | | | | (640.9 | ) | | | 673.2 | |
Change in valuation allowance | | | (38.2 | ) | | | (612.3 | ) | | | (6.1 | ) |
Tax adjustments in respect of prior year tax assessments | | | 65.0 | | | | (126.9 | ) | | | - | |
Others | | | (32.5 | ) | | | (206.0 | ) | | | 194.7 | |
Income tax expense/ (benefit) reported2 | | | 8,642.4 | | | | 6,868.5 | | | | 8,355.5 | |
1. | Includes income/(loss) before income taxes of foreign subsidiaries of Rs. 250.0 million, Rs. (381.3) million and Rs. 1,197.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008, respectively. |
2. | Includes taxes of foreign subsidiaries of Rs. 198.6 million, Rs. 756.0 million and Rs. 385.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008, respectively. |
The Company had a valuation allowance of Rs. 135.0 million as at April 1, 2005. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 was an increase of Rs. 645.2 million and a decrease of Rs. 724.0 million and a decrease of Rs. 6.1 million respectively.
As at March 31, 2008, total business losses carry forwards pertaining to Company’s Canada subsidiary are Rs. 2,051.4 million, with expiration dates as follows: March 31, 2014: Rs. 234.0 million, March 31, 2015: Rs. 502.1 million, March 31, 2027: Rs. 31.7 million and March 31, 2028: Rs 1,283.6 million.
Accounting for uncertainty in Income Taxes:
On April 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (or “FIN 48”). Upon adoption of FIN 48, the Company’s policy to include interest and penalties relating to gross unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense did not change. However, no interest is attributable in view of the adequate taxes paid by the company in respect of unrecognized tax benefits. No penalties have been accrued as of March 31, 2008, as the Company believes that the tax position taken has met the minimum statutory requirements to avoid payment of penalties.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Balance as of April 1, 2007 | | | 8,848.3 | |
Increases related to prior year tax positions | | | .. | |
Increases related to current year tax positions | | | .. | |
Decreases related to prior year tax positions | | | .. | |
Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities | | | .. | |
Decreases related to lapsing of statute of limitations | | | .. | |
Balance as of March 31, 2008 | | | 8,848.3 | |
The Company’s total unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would reduce the tax provisions by Rs. 7,902.7 million as of April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2008, respectively, and thereby would affect the Company’s effective tax rate.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company’s major tax jurisdiction is India and the assessment is not yet completed for fiscal year 2006 and onwards.
Significant changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months cannot be reasonably estimated as the changes would depend upon the progress of tax examinations with various tax authorities.
f. Other than temporary impairment
The Company has determined that certain unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in equity and debt securities are temporary in nature. The Company conducts a review each year to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment. An investment in an equity or debt security is impaired if its fair value falls below its cost and the decline is considered other than temporary. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery. The Company’s review of impairment generally entails:
· | identification and evaluation of investments that have indications of possible impairment; |
· | analysis of individual investments that have fair values less than 80% of amortized cost, including consideration of the length of time the investment has been in an unrealized loss position; |
· | analysis of evidential matter, including an evaluation of factors or triggers that would or could cause individual investments to qualify as having other-than temporary impairment and those that would not support other-than temporary impairment; and |
· | documentation of the results of these analyses, as required under business policies. |
The fair value of the investments in equity and debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2008 is set out below:
Description of securities | | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or longer | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | 42,830.5 | | | | (966.2 | ) | | | 53,724.8 | | | | (2,546.5 | ) | | | 96,555.3 | | | | (3,512.7 | ) |
Government securities | | | 130,480.1 | | | | (2,538.9 | ) | | | 263,898.3 | | | | (4,812.1 | ) | | | 394,378.4 | | | | (7,351.0 | ) |
Other securities | | | 13,166.6 | | | | (822.2 | ) | | | 21,554.5 | | | | (2,614.7 | ) | | | 34,721.1 | | | | (3,436.9 | ) |
Total debt securities | | | 186,477.2 | | | | (4,327.3 | ) | | | 339,177.6 | | | | (9,973.3 | ) | | | 525,654.8 | | | | (14,300.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marketable equity securities | | | 6,466.6 | | | | (1,969.3 | ) | | | .. | | | | .. | | | | 6,466.6 | | | | (1,969.3 | ) |
Other securities | | | 17,460.5 | | | | (789.7 | ) | | | 455.5 | | | | (96.9 | ) | | | 17,916.0 | | | | (886.6 | ) |
Total | | | 210,404.3 | | | | (7,086.3 | ) | | | 339,633.1 | | | | (10,070.2 | ) | | | 550,037.4 | | | | (17,156.5 | ) |
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The fair value of the investments in equity and debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2007 is set out below:
Description of securities | | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or longer | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt securities | | | 22,112.2 | | | | (73.1 | ) | | | 1,194.7 | | | | (60.0 | ) | | | 23,306.9 | | | | (133.1 | ) |
Government securities | | | 242,384.4 | | | | (4,299.6 | ) | | | 147,446.0 | | | | (5,906.2 | ) | | | 389,830.4 | | | | (10,205.8 | ) |
Other securities | | | 7,838.8 | | | | (40.6 | ) | | | 1,250.3 | | | | (55.8 | ) | | | 9,089.1 | | | | (96.4 | ) |
Total debt securities | | | 272,335.4 | | | | (4,413.3 | ) | | | 149,891.0 | | | | (6,022.0 | ) | | | 422,226.4 | | | | (10,435.3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marketable equity securities | | | 2,321.5 | | | | (637.3 | ) | | | 475.3 | | | | (309.1 | ) | | | 2,796.8 | | | | (946.4 | ) |
Other securities | | | 609.4 | | | | (37.0 | ) | | | 135.8 | | | | (13.5 | ) | | | 745.2 | | | | (50.5 | ) |
Total | | | 275,266.3 | | | | (5,087.6 | ) | | | 150,502.1 | | | | (6,344.6 | ) | | | 425,786.4 | | | | (11,432.2 | ) |
The reasons for not classifying certain investments in debt and equity securities with unrealized losses as other than temporarily impaired are as follows:
| · | The unrealized losses on corporate debt securities and other securities are nominal and are due to the market rate movement. Thus, the Company does not consider these investments to be other than temporarily impaired as on March 31, 2008. |
| · | The unrealized losses on government securities were due to interest rate increases. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments until the recovery of fair value, which may be at maturity when the investments will be settled at amortized cost. Thus, the Company does not consider those investments to be other than temporarily impaired as on March 31, 2008. |
| · | The diminution in the value of marketable equity securities are not considered as other than temporarily impaired as on March 31, 2008 after considering the factors like projects under implementation, strategic investments and the entity’s proposed capacity expansion for improving the marketability of the product, increasing sale trend, cash flows etc. |
Based on the above evaluation and the Company’s ability and intent to hold those investments for a reasonable period of time sufficient for a forecasted recovery of fair value, the Company does not consider these to be other than temporarily impaired at March 31, 2008.
The Bank also holds certain equity securities carried at cost amounting to Rs. 5,914.4 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 4,562.7 million), which have been assessed for impairment.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The details of comprehensive income for the year ended March 31, 2006, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008 are given below:
Rupees in million
| | March 31, 2006 | | | March 31, 2007 | | | March 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net income/(loss) (net of tax) | | | 20,040 | | | | 31,271 | | | | 33,111 | |
Other Comprehensive Income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net unrealized gain/(loss) on securities, net of realization & Others (net of tax)1 | | | (2,917 | ) | | | (3,030 | ) | | | 462 | |
Translation adjustments | | | 150 | | | | (719 | ) | | | (1,749 | ) |
Employee accounting for deferred benefit pensions and other post retirement benefits (net of tax) | | | - | | | | (14 | ) | | | (84 | ) |
Comprehensive income | | | 17,273 | | | | 27,508 | | | | 31,740 | |
1. | Net of tax effect Rs. (1,840.6) million, Rs. 1,288.4 million and Rs. (1,068.5) million for the year ended March 31, 2008, March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006, respectively. |
2. | Net of tax effect Rs. 43.7 million and Rs. 6.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007 respectively. |
Subsequent to the reverse acquisition, the Company is a banking company within the meaning of the Indian Banking Regulation Act, 1949, registered with and subject to examination by the Reserve Bank of India.
Statutory liquidity requirement
In accordance with the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Bank is required to maintain a specified percentage of its net demand and time liabilities by way of liquid unencumbered assets like cash, gold and approved securities. The amount of securities required to be maintained at March 31, 2008 was Rs. 715,114.7 million (March 31, 2007: Rs. 661,339.6 million).
Capital Adequacy
The Bank is subjected to the capital adequacy norms stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”). As per the capital adequacy guidelines (Basel I), the Bank was required to maintain a minimum ratio of total capital to risk adjusted assets and off-balance sheet items of 9.0%, at least half of which must be Tier I capital. On April 27, 2007, The Reserve Bank of India issued Prudential Guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline – Implementation of the New Capital Adequacy Framework which is applicable to all banks with international presence from March 31, 2008. Under the new guidelines (Basel II) the Bank is required to maintain a minimum ratio of total capital to risk adjusted assets of 9.0%, at least 6.0% of which must be Tier I capital.
In order to comply with prudential floor prescribed by RBI under the new guidelines (100% of minimum capital requirement computed as per Basel I framework as on March 31, 2008), the Bank has computed and is reporting the capital adequacy position as per Basel I and Basel II norms. Since the capital charge as per the new capital adequacy framework (Basel II) is higher than the Basel I framework, the Bank has maintained capital as per Basel II norms.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The capital adequacy ratio of the Bank calculated in accordance with the RBI’s new guidelines (Basel II) as at March 31, 2008 is 13.97% while the capital adequacy ratio as per the Basel I framework is 14.92% on that date (March 31, 2007: 11.69%).
| 25. | Convenience Translation (Unaudited) |
Solely for the convenience of the readers, the financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2008, have been translated into United States dollars at the noon buying rate in New York City on March 31, 2008, for cable transfers in Indian rupees, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve of New York of US$ 1 = Rs. 40.02. No representation is made that the Indian rupee amounts have been, could have been or could be converted into United States dollars at such a rate or any other certain rate on March 31, 2008, or at any other certain date.
Figures of the previous year have been regrouped to conform to the current year presentation.
ICICI Bank Limited and subsidiaries
Schedules forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
For and on behalf of Board of Directors
K. V. Kamath | Chanda D. Kochhar | |
Managing Director & CEO | Joint Managing Director & CFO | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Rakesh Jha | Sandeep Batra | |
Deputy Chief Financial Officer | Group Compliance Officer & Company Secretary | |
Place: Mumbai
Date : June 12, 2008
Exhibit No. | | Description of Document |
| | |
1.1 | | ICICI Bank Memorandum of Association, as amended. |
| | |
1.2 | | ICICI Bank Articles of Association, as amended. |
| | |
2.1 | | Deposit Agreement among ICICI Bank, Deutsche Bank and the holders from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder (including as an exhibit, the form of American Depositary Receipt) (incorporated herein by reference to ICICI Bank’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-30132)). |
| | |
2.2 | | Letter Agreements dated February 19, 2002 and April 1, 2002 (incorporated herein by reference to ICICI Bank’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2002 filed on September 30, 2002) and Letter Agreement dated March 8, 2005 (incorporated by reference to ICICI Bank’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-121664) amending and supplementing the Deposit Agreement. |
| | |
2.3 | | ICICI Bank’s Specimen Certificate for Equity Shares (incorporated herein by reference to ICICI Bank’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-30132)). |
| | |
4.1 | | ICICI Bank’s Employee Stock Option Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to ICICI Bank’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2004 filed on September 29, 2004). |
| | |
8.1 | | List of Subsidiaries (included under “Business — Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures” herein). |
| | |
11.1 | | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as amended. |
| | |
12.1 | | Certification of the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
| | |
12.2 | | Certification of the Joint Managing Director & Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
| | |
13 | | Certification of periodic financial report pursuant to 18 USC. Section 1350, as mandated by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| For ICICI BANK LIMITED |
| By: | | |
| Name: | Mr. Sandeep Batra | |
| Title: | Group Compliance Officer and Company Secretary | |
Place: Mumbai
Date: September 29, 2008