JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
The undersigned acknowledge and agree that the foregoing statement on Schedule 13D is filed on behalf of each of the undersigned and that all subsequent amendments to this statement on Schedule 13D may be filed on behalf of each of the undersigned without the necessity of filing additional joint filing agreements. The undersigned acknowledge that each shall be responsible for the timely filing of such amendments, and for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning him or it contained herein and therein, but shall not be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning the others, except to the extent that he or it knows or has reason to believe that such information is inaccurate.
| November 2, 2017 |
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| SUNRISE PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP |
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| By: Paloma International L.P., parent holder |
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| By Paloma Partners Management Company, general partner |
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| By: |
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| /s/ DOUGLAS W. AMBROSE |
| By: Douglas W. Ambrose |
| Title: Executive Vice President |
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| PALOMA INTERNATIONAL L.P. |
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| By Paloma Partners Management Company, general partner |
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| By: |
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| /s/ DOUGLAS W. AMBROSE |
| By: Douglas W. Ambrose |
| Title: Executive Vice President |
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| PALOMA PARTNERS MANAGEMENT COMPANY |
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| By: |
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| /s/ DOUGLAS W. AMBROSE |
| By: Douglas W. Ambrose |
| Title: Executive Vice President |
| PALOMA PARTNERS ADVISORS LP |
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| By: Paloma Partners Advisors Inc., general partner |
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| By: |
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| /s/ S. DONALD SUSSMAN |
| By: S. Donald Sussman |
| Title: President |
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| PALOMA PARTNERS ADVISORS INC. |
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| By: |
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| /s/ S. DONALD SUSSMAN |
| By: S. Donald Sussman |
| Title: President |
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| GREGORY HAYT |
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| /s/ GREGORY HAYT |
| Gregory Hayt |
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| S. DONALD SUSSMAN |
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| /s/ S. DONALD SUSSMAN |
| S. Donald Sussman |