SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) | CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES The value of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas properties consists of all acquisition costs (including cash expenditures and the value of stock consideration), drilling costs and other associated capitalized costs. Acquisitions are accounted for as purchases and, accordingly, the results of operations are included in the accompanying statements of operations from the closing date of the acquisition. Purchase prices are allocated to acquired assets based on their estimated fair value at the time of the acquisition. Acquisitions have been funded with internal cash flow, bank borrowings and the issuance of debt and equity securities. Development capital expenditures and purchases of properties that were in accounts payable and not yet paid in cash at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $85.0 million and $50.7 million , respectively. 2017 Acquisitions During 2017, the Company acquired approximately 1,934 net acres, for an average cost of approximately $2,352 per net acre, in its key prospect areas in the form of effective leases. 2016 Acquisitions During 2016, the Company acquired approximately 3,399 net acres, for an average cost of approximately $1,515 per net acre, in its key prospect areas in the form of effective leases. On October 6, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive purchase and sale agreement with a third party, for their interests in 144 gross ( 3.8 net) producing oil and gas wells and associated acreage. The motivation for the acquisition was the expectation that it was accretive to cash flow and earnings per share. On October 26, 2016, the Company closed the transaction for cash consideration of $9.4 million which is comprised of $8.9 million related to producing properties and a $0.5 million reimbursement of drilling costs on in process wells. The results of operations from the October 26, 2016 closing date through December 31, 2016, represented approximately $1.2 million of revenue and $0.5 million of direct operating expenses. The combined pro forma information has not been presented due to its immateriality. No material transaction costs were incurred in connection with this purchase and there was no goodwill recorded from this acquisition. 2015 Acquisitions During 2015, the Company acquired approximately 4,355 net acres, for an average cost of approximately $1,314 per net acre, in its key prospect areas in the form of effective leases. Divestitures From time-to-time the Company may divest assets. In addition, the Company may trade leasehold interests with operators to balance working interests in spacing units to facilitate and encourage a more expedited development of the Company’s acreage. Unproved Properties Unproved properties not being amortized comprise approximately 14,377 net acres and 26,432 net acres of undeveloped leasehold interests at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The Company believes that the majority of its unproved costs will become subject to depletion within the next five years by proving up reserves relating to the acreage through exploration and development activities, by impairing the acreage that will expire before the Company can explore or develop it further or by determining that further exploration and development activity will not occur. The timing by which all other properties will become subject to depletion will be dependent upon the timing of future drilling activities and delineation of its reserves. Excluded costs for unproved properties are accumulated by year. Costs are reflected in the full cost pool as the drilling costs are incurred or as costs are evaluated and deemed impaired. The Company anticipates these excluded costs will be included in the depletion computation over the next five years . The Company is unable to predict the future impact on depletion rates. The following is a summary of capitalized costs excluded from depletion at December 31, 2017 by year incurred. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Prior Years Property Acquisition $ 565,352 $ 509,877 $ 502,794 $ 121,321 Development — — — — Total $ 565,352 $ 509,877 $ 502,794 $ 121,321 All properties that are not classified as proved properties are considered unproved properties and, thus, the costs associated with such properties are not subject to depletion. Once a property is classified as proved, all associated acreage and drilling costs are subject to depletion. The Company historically has acquired its properties by purchasing individual or small groups of leases directly from mineral owners or from landmen or lease brokers, which leases historically have not been subject to specified drilling projects, and by purchasing lease packages in identified project areas controlled by specific operators. The Company generally participates in drilling activities on a heads up basis by electing whether to participate in each well on a well-by-well basis at the time wells are proposed for drilling. The Company assesses all items classified as unproved property on an annual basis, or if certain circumstances exist, more frequently, for possible impairment or reduction in value. The assessment includes consideration of the following factors, among others: intent to drill, remaining lease term, geological and geophysical evaluations, drilling results and activity, the assignment of proved reserves, and the economic viability of development if proved reserves are assigned. During any period in which these factors indicate an impairment, the cumulative costs incurred to date for such property and all or a portion of the associated leasehold costs are transferred to the full cost pool and are then subject to depletion and amortization. For the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company included $0.6 million , $7.0 million and $37.6 million , respectively, related to expiring leases within costs subject to the depletion calculation. SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Production Activities Oil and gas sales reflect the market prices of net production sold or transferred with appropriate adjustments for royalties, net profits interest, and other contractual provisions. Production expenses include lifting costs incurred to operate and maintain productive wells and related equipment including such costs as operating labor, repairs and maintenance, materials, supplies and fuel consumed. Production taxes include production and severance taxes. Depletion of crude oil and natural gas properties relates to capitalized costs incurred in acquisition, exploration, and development activities. Results of operations do not include interest expense and general corporate amounts. The results of operations for the Company’s crude oil and natural gas production activities are provided in the Company’s related statements of income. Costs Incurred and Capitalized Costs The costs incurred in crude oil and natural gas acquisition, exploration and development activities are highlighted in the table below. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Costs Incurred for the Year: Proved Property Acquisition and Other $ 15,722,378 $ 18,531,518 $ 9,068,139 Unproved Property Acquisition 716,681 2,301,285 3,346,214 Development 139,531,567 63,621,429 116,255,535 Total $ 155,970,626 $ 84,454,232 $ 128,669,888 Excluded costs for unproved properties are accumulated by year. Costs are reflected in the full cost pool as the drilling costs are incurred or as costs are evaluated and deemed impaired. The Company anticipates these excluded costs will be included in the depletion computation over the next five years. The Company is unable to predict the future impact on depletion rates. The following is a summary of capitalized costs excluded from depletion at December 31, 2017 by year incurred. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Prior Years Property Acquisition $ 565,352 $ 509,877 $ 502,794 $ 121,321 Development — — — — Total $ 565,352 $ 509,877 $ 502,794 $ 121,321 Oil and Natural Gas Reserves and Related Financial Data Information with respect to the Company’s crude oil and natural gas producing activities is presented in the following tables. Reserve quantities, as well as certain information regarding future production and discounted cash flows, were determined by Ryder Scott Company, independent petroleum consultants based on information provided by the Company. Oil and Natural Gas Reserve Data The following tables present the Company’s independent petroleum consultants’ estimates of its proved crude oil and natural gas reserves. The Company emphasizes that reserves are approximations and are expected to change as additional information becomes available. Reservoir engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way, and the accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Natural Gas Oil BOE Proved Developed and Undeveloped Reserves at December 31, 2014 70,935,117 88,913,305 100,735,825 Revisions of Previous Estimates (23,552,809 ) (36,277,018 ) (40,202,486 ) Extensions, Discoveries and Other Additions 8,170,259 9,346,864 10,708,574 Production (4,651,583 ) (5,168,687 ) (5,943,951 ) Proved Developed and Undeveloped Reserves at December 31, 2015 50,900,984 56,814,464 65,297,962 Revisions of Previous Estimates (8,697,825 ) (13,995,801 ) (15,445,439 ) Extensions, Discoveries and Other Additions 7,695,309 7,142,439 8,424,991 Purchases of Minerals in Place 960,758 640,108 800,234 Production (4,026,899 ) (4,325,919 ) (4,997,069 ) Proved Developed and Undeveloped Reserves at December 31, 2016 46,832,327 46,275,291 54,080,679 Revisions of Previous Estimates 8,838,976 889,814 2,362,977 Extensions, Discoveries and Other Additions 27,637,350 20,184,388 24,790,613 Production (5,187,886 ) (4,537,295 ) (5,401,943 ) Proved Developed and Undeveloped Reserves at December 31, 2017 78,120,767 62,812,198 75,832,326 Proved Developed Reserves: December 31, 2014 38,277,770 44,666,408 51,046,037 December 31, 2015 33,619,954 36,573,821 42,177,147 December 31, 2016 32,808,111 32,245,139 37,713,158 December 31, 2017 46,518,005 38,592,506 46,345,507 Proved Undeveloped Reserves: December 31, 2014 32,657,347 44,246,897 49,689,788 December 31, 2015 17,281,030 20,240,643 23,120,815 December 31, 2016 14,024,216 14,030,152 16,367,521 December 31, 2017 31,602,762 24,219,692 29,486,819 Proved reserves are estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas, which geological and engineering data indicate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed reserves are proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Proved undeveloped reserves are included for reserves for which there is a high degree of confidence in their recoverability and they are scheduled to be drilled within the next five years. Notable changes in proved reserves for the year ended December 31, 2017 included the following: • Extensions and discoveries . In 2017 , total extensions and discoveries of 24.8 MMBOE were primarily attributable to successful drilling in the Williston Basin as well as the addition of proved undeveloped locations. Included in these extensions and discoveries were 5.9 MMBOE as a result of successful drilling in the Williston Basin and 18.9 MMBOE as a result of additional proved undeveloped locations. • Revisions to previous estimates . In 2017 , revisions to previous estimates increased proved developed and undeveloped reserves by a net amount of 2.4 MMBOE. Included in these revisions were 1.8 MMBOE of upward adjustments caused by higher crude oil and natural gas prices and a 3.1 MMBOE upward adjustment attributable to well performance when comparing the Company’s reserve estimates at December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2016 which was partially offset by 2.5 MMBOE of downward adjustments related to the removal of undeveloped drilling locations related to the 5 year rule. Notable changes in proved reserves for the year ended December 31, 2016 included the following: • Extensions and discoveries . In 2016 , total extensions and discoveries of 8.4 MMBOE were primarily attributable to successful drilling in the Williston Basin. Both the new wells drilled in these areas as well as the proved undeveloped locations added as a result of drilling increased the Company’s proved reserves. • Purchases of minerals in place . In 2016 , total purchases of minerals in place of 0.8 MMBOE were primarily attributable to an acquisition with a third party (See Note 3). • Revisions to previous estimates . In 2016 , revisions to previous estimates decreased proved developed and undeveloped reserves by a net amount of 15.4 MMBOE. Included in these revisions were 15.7 MMBOE of downward adjustments caused by lower crude oil and natural gas prices and 3.4 MMBOE of downward adjustments related to the removal of undeveloped drilling locations related to the 5 year rule which was partially offset by a 3.6 MMBOE upward adjustment attributable to well performance when comparing the Company’s reserve estimates at December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2015 . Notable changes in proved reserves for the year ended December 31, 2015 included the following: • Extensions and discoveries . In 2015 , total extensions and discoveries of 10.7 MMBOE were primarily attributable to successful drilling in the Williston Basin. Both the new wells drilled in these areas as well as the proved undeveloped locations added as a result of drilling increased the Company’s proved reserves. • Revisions to previous estimates . In 2015 , revisions to previous estimates decreased proved developed and undeveloped reserves by a net amount of 40.2 MMBOE. Included in these revisions were 52.6 MMBOE of downward adjustments caused by lower crude oil and natural gas prices and 12.4 MMBOE of net upward adjustments attributable to reservoir analysis and well performance when comparing the Company’s reserve estimates at December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2014. Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Inflows and Changes Therein The following table presents a standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves and the changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved crude oil and natural gas were prepared in accordance with the provisions of ASC 932 Extractive Activities - Oil and Gas . Future cash inflows were computed by applying average prices of crude oil and natural gas for the last 12 months to estimated future production. Future production and development costs were computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved crude oil and natural gas reserves at the end of the year, based on year end costs and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions. Future income tax expenses were calculated by applying appropriate year end tax rates to future pretax cash flows relating to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves, less the tax basis of properties involved and tax credits and loss carry forwards relating to crude oil and natural gas producing activities. Future net cash flows are discounted at the rate of 10% annually to derive the standardized measure of discounted future cash flows. Actual future cash inflows may vary considerably, and the standardized measure does not necessarily represent the fair value of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas reserves. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Future Cash Inflows $ 3,143,603,968 $ 1,708,870,912 $ 2,470,707,712 Future Production Costs (1,265,524,800 ) (775,534,832 ) (981,256,096 ) Future Development Costs (409,360,320 ) (220,869,664 ) (356,401,888 ) Future Income Tax Expense (27,476,230 ) (2,477,353 ) (5,740,623 ) Future Net Cash Inflows $ 1,441,242,618 $ 709,989,063 $ 1,127,309,105 10% Annual Discount for Estimated Timing of Cash Flows (687,256,521 ) (330,963,050 ) (552,510,342 ) Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows $ 753,986,097 $ 379,026,013 $ 574,798,763 The twelve month average prices were adjusted to reflect applicable transportation and quality differentials on a well-by-well basis to arrive at realized sales prices used to estimate the Company’s reserves. The price of other liquids is included in natural gas. The prices for the Company’s reserve estimates were as follows: Natural Gas MCF Oil Bbl December 31, 2017 $ 3.34 $ 45.90 December 31, 2016 $ 1.67 $ 35.24 December 31, 2015 $ 1.63 $ 42.03 The expected tax benefits to be realized from utilization of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are used in the computation of future income tax cash flows. As a result of available net operating loss carryforwards and the remaining tax basis of its assets at December 31, 2017 , the Company’s future income taxes were significantly reduced. Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows at 10% per annum follow: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Beginning of Period $ 379,026,013 $ 574,798,763 $ 1,405,379,543 Sales of Oil and Natural Gas Produced, Net of Production Costs (153,625,893 ) (98,497,165 ) (128,964,023 ) Extensions and Discoveries 217,145,871 59,542,911 96,770,078 Previously Estimated Development Cost Incurred During the Period 46,833,826 23,271,960 114,208,095 Net Change of Prices and Production Costs 216,216,656 (174,656,448 ) (1,384,474,928 ) Change in Future Development Costs (34,753,469 ) 57,481,060 235,578,690 Revisions of Quantity and Timing Estimates 28,914,878 (130,664,183 ) (363,975,445 ) Accretion of Discount 37,942,243 57,569,313 170,222,344 Change in Income Taxes (3,617,100 ) 497,950 295,949,531 Purchases of Minerals in Place — 9,576,760 — Other 19,903,072 105,092 134,104,878 End of Period $ 753,986,097 $ 379,026,013 $ 574,798,763 |