BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The financial information included herein is unaudited. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. However, such information includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year. Certain information, accounting policies, and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in this Form 10-Q pursuant to certain rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, which were included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements under GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves, which includes limited control over future development plans as a non-operator, estimates relating to certain crude oil and natural gas revenues and expenses, fair value of derivative instruments, fair value of contingent consideration, acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, impairment of crude oil and natural gas properties, asset retirement obligations and deferred income taxes. Actual results may differ from those estimates. The Company considered the impact of the novel coronavirus 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic on the assumptions and estimates used by management in the unaudited condensed financial statements for the reporting periods presented. Management’s estimates and assumptions were based on historical data and consideration of future market conditions. Given the uncertainty inherent in any projection, which is heightened by the possibility of unforeseen additional impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used, and conditions may change, which could materially affect amounts reported in the unaudited condensed financial statements in the near term. Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and also simplification of areas such as separate entity financial statements and interim recognition of enactment of tax laws or rate changes. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim reporting periods within those years. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis, which did not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”) followed by ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), issued in January 2021 to provide clarifying guidance regarding the scope of Topic 848. ASU 2020-04 was issued to provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. Generally, the guidance is to be applied as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued. ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 are effective for all entities through December 31, 2022. The Company has not elected to use the optional guidance and continues to evaluate the options provided by ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from its interests in the sale of oil and natural gas production. The Company recognizes revenue from its interests in the sales of crude oil and natural gas in the period that its performance obligations are satisfied. Performance obligations are satisfied when the customer obtains control of product, when the Company has no further obligations to perform related to the sale, when the transaction price has been determined and when collectability is probable. The sales of oil and natural gas are made under contracts which the third-party operators of the wells have negotiated with customers, which typically include variable consideration that is based on pricing tied to local indices and volumes delivered in the current month. The Company receives payment from the sale of oil and natural gas production from one The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations under its contracts with customers as it applies the practical exemption in accordance with ASC 606. The exemption, as described in ASC 606-10-50-14(a), applies to variable consideration that is recognized as control of the product is transferred to the customer. Since each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied, and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required. The Company’s oil is typically sold at delivery points under contract terms that are common in our industry. The Company’s natural gas produced is delivered by the well operators to various purchasers at agreed upon delivery points under a limited number of contract types that are also common in our industry. Regardless of the contract type, the terms of these contracts compensate the well operators for the value of the oil and natural gas at specified prices, and then the well operators will remit payment to the Company for its share in the value of the oil and natural gas sold. A wellhead imbalance liability equal to the Company’s share is recorded to the extent that the Company’s well operators have sold volumes in excess of its share of remaining reserves in an underlying property. However, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s natural gas production was in balance, meaning its cumulative portion of natural gas production taken and sold from wells in which it has an interest equaled its entitled interest in natural gas production from those wells. The Company’s disaggregated revenue has two primary sources: oil sales, and natural gas and NGL sales. Substantially all of the Company’s oil and gas sales come from three geographic areas in the United States: the Williston Basin (North Dakota and Montana), the Appalachian Basin (Pennsylvania), and the Permian Basin (New Mexico and Texas). The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s oil revenues and natural gas and NGL revenues by basin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended (In thousands) Williston Permian Appalachian Total Williston Permian Appalachian Total Oil Revenues $ 192,424 $ 10,810 $ — $ 203,234 $ 70,595 $ — $ — $ 70,595 Natural Gas and NGL Revenues 37,653 1,792 16,990 56,436 3,085 — — 3,085 Total $ 230,077 $ 12,602 $ 16,990 $ 259,669 $ 73,680 $ — $ — $ 73,680 Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended (In thousands) Williston Permian Appalachian Total Williston Permian Appalachian Total Oil Revenues $ 507,797 $ 15,353 $ — $ 523,150 $ 215,712 $ — $ — $ 215,712 Natural Gas and NGL Revenues 89,416 2,126 28,025 119,567 8,829 — — 8,829 Total $ 597,213 $ 17,479 $ 28,025 $ 642,717 $ 224,541 $ — $ — $ 224,541 Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks The future results of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas operations will be affected by the market prices of crude oil and natural gas. The availability of a ready market for crude oil and natural gas products in the future will depend on numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including weather, imports, marketing of competitive fuels, proximity and capacity of crude oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities, any oversupply or undersupply of crude oil, natural gas and liquid products, economic disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the regulatory environment, the economic environment, and other regional and political events, none of which can be predicted with certainty. The Company operates in the exploration, development and production sector of the crude oil and natural gas industry. The Company’s receivables include amounts due, indirectly via the third-party operators of the wells, from purchasers of its crude oil and natural gas production. While certain of these customers, as well as third-party operators of the wells, are affected by periodic downturns in the economy in general or in their specific segment of the crude oil or natural gas industry, the Company believes that its level of credit-related losses due to such economic fluctuations have been immaterial. As a non-operator, 100% of the Company’s wells are operated by third-party operating partners. As a result, the Company is highly dependent on the success of these third-party operators. If they are not successful in the development, exploitation, production and exploration activities relating to the Company’s leasehold interests, or are unable or unwilling to perform, the Company’s financial condition and results of operation could be adversely affected. These risks are heightened in a low commodity price environment, which may present significant challenges to these third-party operators. The Company’s third-party operators will make decisions in connection with their operations that may not be in the Company’s best interests, and the Company may have little or no ability to exercise influence over the operational decisions of its third-party operators. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company’s top four operators made up 55% of total oil and gas sales, compared to 49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Company faces concentration risk due to the fact that a substantial majority of its oil and natural gas revenue is sourced from North Dakota. Recent acquisitions have diversified our portfolio to include New Mexico and Pennsylvania. But the Company remains disproportionately exposed to risks affecting a limited number of geographic areas of operations. The Company manages and controls market and counterparty credit risk. In the normal course of business, collateral is not required for financial instruments with credit risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of temporary cash balances and derivative financial instruments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed the federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from such investments. The Company attempts to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or company. The Company believes the credit quality of its counterparties is generally high. In the normal course of business, letters of credit or parent guarantees may be required for counterparties which management perceives to have a higher credit risk. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the denominator). Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. Potential common shares include shares issuable upon exercise of stock options or warrants and vesting of restricted stock awards, and shares issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock (see Note 5). The number of potential common shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock or if-converted method. The reconciliation of the denominators used to calculate basic EPS and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended (In thousands, except share and per share data) 2021 2020 2021 2020 Net Income (Loss) $ 12,554 $ (233,004) $ (168,367) $ (763,918) Less: Cumulative Dividends on Preferred Stock (3,605) (3,718) (11,154) (10,986) Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stock $ 8,949 $ (236,722) $ (179,521) $ (774,904) Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding: Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic 65,856,479 43,517,074 60,404,584 41,812,553 Plus: Dilutive Effect of Restricted Stock and Warrants 773,087 — — — Plus: Dilutive Effect of Preferred Shares — — — — Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted 66,629,566 43,517,074 60,404,584 41,812,553 Net Income (Loss) per Common Share: Basic $ 0.14 $ (5.44) $ (2.97) $ (18.53) Diluted $ 0.13 $ (5.44) $ (2.97) $ (18.53) Shares Excluded from EPS Due to Anti-Dilutive Effect: Restricted Stock and Warrants — 84,319 351,982 54,885 Preferred Stock 9,718,712 10,057,601 9,734,810 9,880,344 Supplemental Cash Flow Information The following reflects the Company’s supplemental cash flow information: Nine Months Ended September 30, (In thousands) 2021 2020 Supplemental Cash Items: Cash Paid During the Period for Interest, Net of Amount Capitalized $ 41,283 $ 42,736 Non-cash Investing Activities: Oil and Natural Gas Properties Included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities 111,897 76,498 Capitalized Asset Retirement Obligations 8,564 457 Contingent Consideration 544 — Compensation Capitalized on Oil and Gas Properties 246 385 Issuance of Common Stock Warrants 30,512 — Non-cash Financing Activities: Common Stock Dividends Declared 2,973 — Issuance of Common Stock for Second Lien Notes Repurchase — 37,169 Issuance of Preferred Stock for Second Lien Notes Repurchase — 81,212 Issuance of Common Stock for Preferred Stock Exchange — 1,113 |