Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including certain cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to the relatively short maturity of these balances. The Company measures and reports certain cash equivalents, investments and derivative foreign currency forward contracts at fair value in accordance with the provisions of the authoritative accounting guidance that addresses fair value measurements. This guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 —Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 —Valuations based on other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3— Valuations based on inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company's financial instruments consist of assets and liabilities measured using Level 1 and 2 inputs. Level 1 assets include a highly liquid money market fund, which is valued using unadjusted quoted prices that are available in an active market for an identical asset. Level 2 assets include fixed-income U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and derivative financial instruments consisting of foreign currency forward contracts. The securities, bonds and commercial paper are valued using prices from independent pricing services based on quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments or on industry models using data inputs such as interest rates and prices that can be directly observed or corroborated in active markets. The foreign currency forward contracts are valued usi ng observable inputs, such as quotations on forward foreign exchange points and foreign interest rates. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and long-term investments consist of the following: September 30, 2016 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents: Cash $ 58,277 $ — $ — $ 58,277 Money market funds 19,713 — — 19,713 Commercial paper 20,308 1 — 20,309 Total 98,298 1 — 98,299 Short-term investments: Commercial paper 6,863 1 — 6,864 Corporate bonds 11,173 6 (9 ) 11,170 Asset-backed securities 256 — — 256 U.S. government agencies 93,372 26 (10 ) 93,388 Total 111,664 33 (19 ) 111,678 Long-term investments: Asset-backed securities 5,696 9 — 5,705 U.S. government agencies 43,776 25 (26 ) 43,775 Corporate bonds 15,457 6 (13 ) 15,450 Total 64,929 40 (39 ) 64,930 Total $ 274,891 $ 74 $ (58 ) $ 274,907 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents: Cash $ 61,372 $ — $ — $ 61,372 Money market funds 3,980 — — 3,980 U.S. government agencies 8,999 1 — 9,000 Commercial paper 17,345 1 — 17,346 Total 91,696 2 — 91,698 Short-term investments: Commercial paper 10,447 1 — 10,448 Corporate bonds 12,448 — (13 ) 12,435 U.S. government agencies 64,422 3 (40 ) 64,385 Total 87,317 4 (53 ) 87,268 Long-term investments: Asset-backed securities 7,007 — (18 ) 6,989 U.S. government agencies 32,683 — (142 ) 32,541 Corporate bonds 3,751 — (4 ) 3,747 Total 43,441 — (164 ) 43,277 Total $ 222,454 $ 6 $ (217 ) $ 222,243 The following table shows the changes to accumulated other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016: Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments Balance at December 31, 2015 $ (211 ) Change in net realized gain (loss) on investments 140 Amounts reclassified for net realized gain (loss) included in net income 87 Other comprehensive income 227 Balance at September 30, 2016 $ 16 The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities measured on a recurring basis, excluding cash and money market funds: September 30, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value (in thousands) Commercial paper $ — $ 27,173 $ — $ 27,173 U.S. government agencies — 137,163 — 137,163 Corporate bonds — 26,620 — 26,620 Asset-backed securities — 5,961 — 5,961 Total $ — $ 196,917 $ — $ 196,917 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value (in thousands) Commercial paper $ — $ 27,794 $ — $ 27,794 U.S. government agencies — 105,926 — 105,926 Corporate bonds — 16,182 — 16,182 Asset-backed securities — 6,989 — 6,989 Total $ — $ 156,891 $ — $ 156,891 There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as determined at the end of each reporting period. The following summarizes the fair value of securities classified as available-for-sale by contractual, or effective, maturity: September 30, 2016 Mature within One Year After One Year through Two Years Over Two Years Fair Value (in thousands) Commercial paper $ 27,173 $ — $ — $ 27,173 U.S. government agencies 97,192 39,971 — 137,163 Corporate bonds 12,833 13,787 — 26,620 Asset-backed securities 5,961 — — 5,961 Total $ 143,159 $ 53,758 $ — $ 196,917 Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative financial instruments are utilized by the Company to reduce foreign currency exchange risks. The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations of certain non-U.S. dollar denominated asset positions, primarily cash and accounts receivable. These contracts are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets or accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from currency exchange rate movements on these forward contracts are recognized in other income (expense) in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the exchange rates change and offset the foreign currency gains and losses on the underlying exposure being hedged. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. At September 30, 2016 , the Company had two outstanding forward contrac ts with notional amounts of 7.5 million Euros and 4.5 million British Pounds, which expired on October 31, 2016 . At December 31, 2015 , the Company had two outstanding forward contracts with notional amounts of 6.1 million Euros and 2.6 million British Pounds, which expired on January 31, 2016 . These forward contracts were entered into at the end of each month, and thus the fair value of these contracts was $0 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . These derivatives did not meet the criteria to be designated as hedges. These instruments were valued using Level 2 inputs. The following summarizes the gains (losses) recognized from forward contracts and other foreign currency transactions: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) Net gain (loss) from forward contracts $ (82 ) $ 109 $ (9 ) $ 498 Other foreign currency transactions losses (2 ) (377 ) (276 ) (890 ) Total foreign exchange loss, net $ (84 ) $ (268 ) $ (285 ) $ (392 ) |