LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company evaluates its risk characteristics of loans based on regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, under the incurred loss model, the Company evaluated its risk characteristics of loans based on purpose of the loans. The composition of loans by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2019 and January 1, 2020 follows: (In thousands) December 31, 2019 Statement Balance Impact of ASC 326 Adoption January 1, 2020 Post-ASC 326 Adoption Loans: Construction $ 448,452 $ 187 $ 448,639 Commercial multifamily 631,740 252 631,992 Commercial real estate owner occupied 673,308 3,185 676,493 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,189,780 6,540 2,196,320 Commercial and industrial 1,522,059 (13,372 ) 1,508,687 Commercial and industrial - other 321,624 1,160 322,784 Residential real estate 2,853,385 1,868 2,855,253 Home equity 378,793 10 378,803 Consumer other 483,287 205 483,492 Total $ 9,502,428 $ 35 $ 9,502,463 Allowance: Construction $ 2,713 $ (342 ) $ 2,371 Commercial multifamily 4,413 (1,842 ) 2,571 Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,880 6,062 10,942 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 16,344 11,201 27,545 Commercial and industrial 17,243 (2,696 ) 14,547 Commercial and industrial - other 2,856 507 3,363 Residential real estate 9,970 6,799 16,769 Home equity 1,470 4,884 6,354 Consumer other 3,686 861 4,547 Total $ 63,575 $ 25,434 $ 89,009 The following is a summary of total loans by regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types: (in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Construction $ 463,803 $ 448,452 Commercial multifamily 606,257 631,740 Commercial real estate owner occupied 624,705 673,308 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,212,816 2,189,780 Commercial and industrial 1,486,054 1,522,059 Commercial and industrial - other 319,809 321,624 Residential real estate 2,766,707 2,853,385 Home equity 377,135 378,793 Consumer other 445,891 483,287 Total loans $ 9,303,177 $ 9,502,428 Allowance for credit losses 113,510 63,575 Net loans $ 9,189,667 $ 9,438,853 Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial real estate multifamily, owner occupied and non-owner - Loans in these segments are primarily owner-occupied or income-producing properties throughout New England and Northeastern New York. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management monitors the cash flows of these loans. Construction - Loans in this segment primarily include real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale of the property or long term financing at completion. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions Commercial and industrial loans - Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business such as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, other liquid collateral, equipment and other business assets. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. Loans in this segment include asset based loans which generally have no scheduled repayment and which are closely monitored against formula based collateral advance ratios. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Commercial and industrial other loans - Loans in this segment are primarily equipment financing loans. These loans are typically term loans secured by business assets. Credit quality on these loans are impacted by a weakened economy and resultant decreased consumer spending. Residential real estate - All loans in this segment are collateralized by residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Home equity and other consumer loans - Loans in this segment are primarily home equity lines of credit, automobile loans and other consumer loans. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans The Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans (“ACLL”) is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments which is accounted for as a separate liability in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the balance sheet date. The Company uses a static pool migration analysis method, applying expected historical loss trend and observed economic metrics. The level of the ACLL is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past and current events, utilizing a 7 quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period. The ACLL reserve is overlaid with qualitative factors based upon: • the existence and growth of concentrations of credit; • the volume and severity of past due financial assets, including nonaccrual assets; • the institutions lending and credit review as well as the experience and ability of relevant management and staff and; • the effect of other external factors such as regulatory, competition, regional market conditions, legal and technological environment and other events such as natural disasters. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level by the Company to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows: (in thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Impact of Adopting ASC 326 Sub-total Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2020 Construction $ 2,713 $ (342 ) $ 2,371 $ — $ — $ 2,202 $ 4,573 Multifamily 4,413 (1,842 ) 2,571 — — 1,882 4,453 Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,880 6,062 10,942 (6,376 ) 258 6,783 11,607 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 16,344 11,201 27,545 (135 ) 47 1,406 28,863 Commercial and industrial 17,243 (2,696 ) 14,547 (4,428 ) 1,354 8,364 19,837 Commercial and industrial - other 2,856 507 3,363 (488 ) 48 1,742 4,665 Residential real estate 9,970 6,799 16,769 (171 ) 70 9,389 26,057 Home equity 1,470 4,884 6,354 (77 ) 2 1,501 7,780 Consumer other 3,686 861 4,547 (758 ) 180 1,706 5,675 Total allowance for credit losses $ 63,575 $ 25,434 $ 89,009 $ (12,433 ) $ 1,959 $ 34,975 $ 113,510 The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liability on consolidated balance sheet), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows: (in thousands) Total Balance at beginning of period $ 100 Impact of adopting ASC 326 7,993 Sub-Total 8,093 Expense for credit losses 330 Balance at end of period $ 8,423 Credit Quality Information The Company monitors the credit quality of its portfolio by using internal risk ratings that are based on regulatory guidance. Loans that are given a Pass rating are not considered a problem credit. Loans that are classified as Special Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses and are evaluated closely by management. Substandard and non-accruing loans are loans for which a definitive weakness has been identified and which may make full collection of contractual cash flows questionable. Doubtful loans are those with identified weaknesses that make full collection of contractual cash flows, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. For commercial credits, the Company assigns an internal risk rating at origination and reviews the rating annual, semiannually, or quarterly depending on the risk rating. The rating is also reassessed at any point in time when management becomes aware of information that may affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill their obligations. The Company risk rates its residential mortgages, including 1-4 family and residential construction loans, based on a three rating system: Pass, Special Mention, and Substandard. Loans that are current within 59 days are rated Pass. Residential mortgages that are 60-89 days delinquent are rated Special Mention. Loans delinquent for 90 days or greater are rated Substandard and generally placed on non-accrual status. The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk category: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of March 31, 2020 Construction Risk rating Pass $ 4,218 $ 175,665 $ 203,349 $ 57,368 $ 17,680 $ 3,637 $ 136 $ — $ 462,053 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 1,750 — — 1,750 Total $ 4,218 $ 175,665 $ 203,349 $ 57,368 $ 17,680 $ 5,387 $ 136 $ — $ 463,803 Commercial multifamily: Risk rating Pass $ 3,427 $ 53,936 $ 98,767 $ 86,801 $ 113,350 $ 240,457 $ 911 $ — $ 597,649 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 8,457 151 — 8,608 Total $ 3,427 $ 53,936 $ 98,767 $ 86,801 $ 113,350 $ 248,914 $ 1,062 $ — $ 606,257 Commercial real estate owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 13,229 $ 96,993 $ 121,157 $ 67,848 $ 37,469 $ 242,264 $ 4,810 $ — $ 583,770 Special Mention — — 2,132 2,624 2,429 548 1,657 — 9,390 Substandard — — 5,325 1,235 2,072 22,863 50 — 31,545 Total $ 13,229 $ 96,993 $ 128,614 $ 71,707 $ 41,970 $ 265,675 $ 6,517 $ — $ 624,705 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 29,059 $ 304,620 $ 397,618 $ 276,233 $ 351,479 $ 762,925 $ 18,241 $ — $ 2,140,175 Special Mention — — 751 — 1,200 6,002 — — 7,953 Substandard 8,845 — 3,039 8,617 1,495 42,497 195 — 64,688 Total $ 37,904 $ 304,620 $ 401,408 $ 284,850 $ 354,174 $ 811,424 $ 18,436 $ — $ 2,212,816 Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 33,562 $ 142,058 $ 253,788 $ 154,409 $ 63,737 $ 208,174 $ 554,874 $ — $ 1,410,602 Special Mention — 60 14,444 1,276 650 — 28,565 — 44,995 Substandard — 505 7,011 2,561 2,243 6,066 11,565 — 29,951 Doubtful — — — — — — 506 — 506 Total $ 33,562 $ 142,623 $ 275,243 $ 158,246 $ 66,630 $ 214,240 $ 595,510 $ — $ 1,486,054 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial - other: Risk rating Pass $ 21,873 $ 112,378 $ 90,685 $ 41,369 $ 11,316 $ 19,252 $ 6,132 $ — $ 303,005 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 1,129 3,833 1,193 3,545 2,931 4,173 — 16,804 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total $ 21,873 $ 113,507 $ 94,518 $ 42,562 $ 14,861 $ 22,183 $ 10,305 $ — $ 319,809 Residential real estate Risk rating Pass 53,634 200,007 572,834 510,162 467,010 943,845 2,389 — $ 2,749,881 Special Mention — — — 98 — 1,382 — — 1,480 Substandard — 97 169 1,000 777 13,293 10 — 15,346 Total $ 53,634 $ 200,104 $ 573,003 $ 511,260 $ 467,787 $ 958,520 $ 2,399 $ — $ 2,766,707 For home equity and consumer other loan portfolio segments, Berkshire evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. The performing or nonperforming status is updated on an ongoing basis dependent upon improvement and deterioration in credit quality. The following table presents the amortized cost based on payment activity: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of March 31, 2020 Home equity: Payment performance Performing $ 264 $ 285 $ — $ — $ — $ 41 $ 374,221 $ — $ 374,811 Nonperforming — — 4 — — 16 2,304 — 2,324 Total $ 264 $ 285 $ 4 $ — $ — $ 57 $ 376,525 $ — $ 377,135 Consumer other: Payment performance Performing $ 3,666 $ 47,684 $ 156,080 $ 108,699 $ 64,219 $ 51,077 $ 10,966 $ — $ 442,391 Nonperforming — 231 831 1,098 780 434 126 — 3,500 Total $ 3,666 $ 47,915 $ 156,911 $ 109,797 $ 64,999 $ 51,511 $ 11,092 $ — $ 445,891 The following is a summary of loans by past due status at March 31, 2020: (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans March 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 463,803 $ 463,803 Commercial multifamily 20 — 803 823 605,434 606,257 Commercial real estate owner occupied 6,141 149 12,428 18,718 605,987 624,705 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 6,978 6,868 2,609 16,455 2,196,361 2,212,816 Commercial and industrial 1,800 750 12,593 15,143 1,470,911 1,486,054 Commercial and industrial - other 843 700 7,617 9,160 310,649 319,809 Residential real estate 6,445 2,070 14,082 22,597 2,744,110 2,766,707 Home equity 2,069 318 2,528 4,915 372,220 377,135 Consumer other 3,751 681 3,508 7,940 437,951 445,891 Total $ 28,047 $ 11,536 $ 56,168 $ 95,751 $ 9,207,426 $ 9,303,177 The following is a summary of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of March 31, 2020: (in thousands) Beginning of Period Nonaccrual Amortized Cost End of Period Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual At or for the three months ended March 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 811 803 380 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 15,389 10,596 7,967 1,832 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,031 1,555 — 1,054 — Commercial and industrial 5,465 10,743 1,405 1,850 — Commercial and industrial - other 5,753 7,617 6,009 — — Residential real estate 6,411 13,978 2,908 104 — Home equity 1,798 2,324 279 204 — Consumer other 2,982 3,500 — 8 — Total $ 39,640 $ 51,116 $ 18,948 $ 5,052 $ — The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost includes medallion loans with a fair value of $4.9 million and a contractual balance of $71.7 million . A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment: Type of Collateral (in thousands) Real Estate Investment Securities/Cash Other March 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 603 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 11,676 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,370 — — Commercial and industrial 865 59 860 Commercial and industrial - other — — 6,144 Residential real estate 10,614 — — Home equity 732 — — Consumer other 76 — — Total loans $ 26,936 $ 59 $ 7,004 Troubled Debt Restructuring Loans The Company’s loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDR), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment and may result in a specific allowance amount allocated to an individual loan. The following table presents activity in TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2020: (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period Principal payments TDR Status change Other reductions Newly identified TDRs Balance at end of period Three months ended March 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 793 (14 ) — — — 779 Commercial real estate owner occupied 13,331 (5,693 ) — — — 7,638 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,373 — — — — 1,373 Commercial and industrial 1,109 (13 ) — — — 1,096 Commercial and industrial - other 340 (24 ) — — 902 1,218 Residential real estate 2,045 (22 ) — — — 2,023 Home equity 277 1 — — — 278 Consumer other 48 (4 ) — — — 44 Total $ 19,316 $ (5,769 ) $ — $ — $ 902 $ 14,449 The following table presents loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019: (dollars in thousands) Total Three months ended March 31, 2020 TDR: Number of loans 3 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 902 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 902 Three months ended March 31, 2019 TDR: Number of loans 3 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 338 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 338 There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated allowance for loan losses using incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to loans in prior periods. The following is a summary of total loans as of December 31, 2019 : December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Acquired Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ 382,014 $ 47,792 $ 429,806 Other commercial real estate 2,414,942 1,189,521 3,604,463 Total commercial real estate 2,796,956 1,237,313 4,034,269 Commercial and industrial loans: 1,442,617 397,891 1,840,508 Total commercial loans 4,239,573 1,635,204 5,874,777 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 2,143,817 533,536 2,677,353 Construction 4,641 3,478 8,119 Total residential mortgages 2,148,458 537,014 2,685,472 Consumer loans: Home equity 273,867 106,724 380,591 Auto and other 504,599 56,989 561,588 Total consumer loans 778,466 163,713 942,179 Total loans $ 7,166,497 $ 2,335,931 $ 9,502,428 Total unamortized net costs and premiums included in the December 31, 2019 total loans for business activity loans were the following: (In thousands) December 31, 2019 Unamortized net loan origination costs $ 13,259 Unamortized net premium on purchased loans 2,643 Total unamortized net costs and premiums $ 15,902 The following table summarizes activity in the accretable yield for the acquired loan portfolio that falls under the purview of ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality : (In thousands) March 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 2,840 Accretion (1,320 ) Net reclassification from nonaccretable difference 665 Payments received, net (55 ) Reclassification to TDR 9 Balance at end of period $ 2,139 The following is a summary of past due loans at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days >90 Days Past Due Total Past Current Total Loans Past Due > December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 382,014 $ 382,014 $ — Commercial real estate 423 89 15,623 16,135 2,398,807 2,414,942 — Total 423 89 15,623 16,135 2,780,821 2,796,956 — Commercial and industrial loans Total 2,841 2,033 10,662 15,536 1,427,081 1,442,617 122 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 1,669 714 3,350 5,733 2,138,084 2,143,817 800 Construction — — — — 4,641 4,641 — Total 1,669 714 3,350 5,733 2,142,725 2,148,458 800 Consumer loans: Home equity 149 — 1,147 1,296 272,571 273,867 52 Auto and other 4,709 990 2,729 8,428 496,171 504,599 1 Total 4,858 990 3,876 9,724 768,742 778,466 53 Total $ 9,791 $ 3,826 $ 33,511 $ 47,128 $ 7,119,369 $ 7,166,497 $ 975 Acquired Loans (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days >90 Days Past Due Total Past Acquired Total Loans Past Due > December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,396 $ 47,792 $ — Commercial real estate 3,907 245 10,247 14,399 21,639 1,189,521 5,751 Total 3,907 245 10,247 14,399 23,035 1,237,313 5,751 Commercial and industrial loans Total 888 299 1,275 2,462 26,718 397,891 442 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 745 491 932 2,168 10,840 533,536 139 Construction — — — — — 3,478 — Total 745 491 932 2,168 10,840 537,014 139 Consumer loans: Home equity 346 222 789 1,357 540 106,724 72 Auto and other 120 22 265 407 286 56,989 — Total 466 244 1,054 1,764 826 163,713 72 Total $ 6,006 $ 1,279 $ 13,508 $ 20,793 $ 61,419 $ 2,335,931 $ 6,404 The following is summary information pertaining to non-accrual loans at year-end 2019: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Activities Acquired Loans Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — Other commercial real estate 15,623 4,496 20,119 Total 15,623 4,496 20,119 Commercial and industrial loans: Total 10,540 833 11,373 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 2,550 793 3,343 Construction — — — Total 2,550 793 3,343 Consumer loans: Home equity 1,095 717 1,812 Auto and other 2,728 265 2,993 Total 3,823 982 4,805 Total non-accrual loans $ 32,536 $ 7,104 $ 39,640 Loans evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2019 were as follows: Business Activities Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Loans receivable: Balance at end of year Individually evaluated for impairment $ 19,192 $ 9,167 $ 3,019 $ 630 $ 32,008 Collectively evaluated 2,777,764 1,433,450 2,145,439 777,836 7,134,489 Total $ 2,796,956 $ 1,442,617 $ 2,148,458 $ 778,466 $ 7,166,497 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Loans receivable: Balance at end of year Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,241 $ 464 $ 372 $ 575 $ 5,652 Purchased credit-impaired loans 23,035 26,718 10,840 826 61,419 Collectively evaluated 1,210,037 370,709 525,802 162,312 2,268,860 Total $ 1,237,313 $ 397,891 $ 537,014 $ 163,713 $ 2,335,931 The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate loans $ 18,676 $ 37,493 $ — Commercial and industrial loans 4,805 10,104 — Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 433 699 — Consumer - home equity 32 238 — Consumer - other — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate loans $ 550 $ 1,411 $ 20 Commercial and industrial loans 4,166 12,136 122 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 2,615 2,924 109 Consumer - home equity 594 614 42 Consumer - other 8 8 1 Total Commercial real estate $ 19,226 $ 38,904 $ 20 Commercial and industrial loans 8,971 22,240 122 Residential mortgages 3,048 3,623 109 Consumer 634 860 43 Total impaired loans $ 31,879 $ 65,627 $ 294 (1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company. Acquired Loans December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate loans $ 3,200 $ 6,021 $ — Other commercial and industrial loans 437 532 — Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 292 293 — Consumer - home equity 416 844 — Consumer - other — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate loans $ 1,033 $ 1,050 $ 97 Commercial and industrial loans 28 30 1 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 84 110 8 Consumer - home equity 121 123 6 Consumer - other 39 37 6 Total Commercial real estate $ 4,233 $ 7,071 $ 97 Commercial and industrial loans 465 562 1 Residential mortgages 376 403 8 Consumer 576 1,004 12 Total impaired loans $ 5,650 $ 9,040 $ 118 (1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company. The following is a summary of the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans as of December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate $ 19,805 $ 586 Other commercial and industrial 3,165 523 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 185 17 Consumer-home equity 148 3 Consumer-other — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate $ 374 $ 107 Other commercial and industrial 2,533 793 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 2,427 150 Consumer-home equity 349 32 Consumer - other 11 1 Total Commercial real estate $ 20,179 $ 693 Commercial and industrial 5,698 1,316 Residential mortgages 2,612 167 Consumer loans 508 36 Total impaired loans $ 28,997 $ 2,212 Acquired Loans December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate $ 1,603 $ 117 Other commercial and industrial 441 51 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 241 11 Consumer - home equity 475 23 Consumer - other — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate $ 1,005 $ 59 Other commercial and industrial 29 2 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 88 7 Consumer - home equity 68 6 Consumer - other 41 2 Total Commercial real estate $ 2,608 $ 176 Commercial and industrial 470 53 Residential mortgages 329 18 Consumer loans 584 31 Total impaired loans $ 3,991 $ 278 No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans. The modifications for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were attributable to interest rate concessions, maturity date extensions, modified payment terms, reamortization, and accelerated maturity. Modifications by Class Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Troubled Debt Restructurings Commercial real estate 2 $ 145 $ 145 Commercial and industrial loans 1 193 193 3 $ 338 $ 338 There were no TDRs that defaulted within twelve months of modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following table presents the Company’s TDR activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019: (In thousands) March 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of year $ 27,415 Principal payments (1,413 ) TDR status change (1) — Other reductions (2) (1,155 ) Newly identified TDRs 338 Balance at end of year $ 25,185 ________________________________ (1) TDR status change classification represents TDR loans with a specified interest rate equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk and the loan was on current payment status and not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement. (2) Other reductions classification consists of transfer to other real estate owned, charge-offs to loans, and other loan sale payoffs. Allowance for Loan Losses Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, Berkshire calculated allowance for loan losses using incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior periods. Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows: At or for the three months ended March 31, 2019 Business Activities Loans (In thousands) Commercial real estate Commercial and industrial loans Residential mortgages Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Charged-off loans 1,256 1,676 42 919 3,893 Recoveries on charged-off loans 208 307 15 54 584 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 1,837 3,112 (1,299 ) (268 ) 3,382 Balance at end of period $ 22,521 $ 18,247 $ 9,209 $ 6,235 $ 56,212 Individually evaluated for impairment 7 52 120 9 188 Collectively evaluated for impairment 22,514 18,195 9,089 6,226 56,024 Total $ 22,521 $ 18,247 $ 9,209 $ 6,235 $ 56,212 At or for the three months ended March 31, 2019 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial real estate Commercial and industrial loans Residential mortgages Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 Charged-off loans 180 262 73 171 686 Recoveries on charged-off loans 476 51 5 31 563 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 461 26 60 72 619 Balance at end of period $ 3,910 $ 879 $ 622 $ 415 $ 5,826 Individually evaluated for impairment 48 4 36 44 132 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,862 875 586 371 5,694 Total $ 3,910 $ 879 $ 622 $ 415 $ 5,826 The following tables present the Company’s loans by risk rating at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans Commercial Real Estate Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category (In thousands) Construction Real Estate Total Commercial Real Estate Grade: Pass $ 382,014 $ 2,354,375 $ 2,736,389 Special mention — 12,167 12,167 Substandard — 48,400 48,400 Total $ 382,014 $ 2,414,942 $ 2,796,956 Commercial and Industrial Loans Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category (In thousands) Total Commercial and Industrial Loans Grade: Pass $ 1,366,342 Special mention 50,072 Substandard 24,112 Doubtful 2,091 Total $ 1,442,617 Residential Mortgages Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade (In thousands) 1-4 Family Construction Total Residential Mortgages Grade: Pass $ 2,139,753 $ 4,641 $ 2,144,394 Special mention 714 — 714 Substandard 3,350 — 3,350 Total $ 2,143,817 $ 4,641 $ 2,148,458 Consumer Loans Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity (In thousands) Home Equity Auto and Other Total Consumer Loans Performing $ 272,772 $ 501,871 $ 774,643 Nonperforming 1,095 2,728 3,823 Total $ 273,867 $ 504,599 $ 778,466 Acquired Loans Commercial Real Estate Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category (In thousands) Construction Real Estate Total Commercial Real Estate Grade: Pass $ 46,396 $ 1,130,333 $ 1,176,729 Special mention — 5,993 5,993 Substandard 1,396 53,195 54,591 Total $ 47,792 $ 1,189,521 $ 1,237,313 Commercial and Industrial Loans Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category (In thousands) Total Commercial and Industrial Loans Grade: Pass $ 373,744 Special mention 4,404 Substandard 19,743 Total $ 397,891 Residential Mortgages Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade (In thousands) 1-4 Family Construction Total Residential Mortgages Grade: Pass $ 528,282 $ 3,478 $ 531,760 Special mention 592 — 592 Substandard 4,662 — 4,662 Total $ 533,536 $ 3,478 $ 537,014 Consumer Loans Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity (In thousands) Home Equity Auto and Other Total Consumer Loans Performing $ 106,007 $ 56,724 $ 162,731 Nonperforming 717 265 982 Total $ 106,724 $ 56,989 $ 163,713 The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at December 31, 2019. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified in the above table as performing based on payment activity. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Acquired Loans Total Non-Accrual $ 32,536 $ 7,104 $ 39,640 Substandard Accruing 49,293 73,131 122,424 Total Classified 81,829 80,235 162,064 Special Mention 63,943 11,341 75,284 Total Criticized $ 145,772 $ 91,576 $ 237,348 |