LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 90 Days Past Due Total Past Current Total Loans Past Due > December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 382,014 $ 382,014 $ — Commercial real estate 423 89 15,623 16,135 2,398,807 2,414,942 — Total 423 89 15,623 16,135 2,780,821 2,796,956 — Commercial and industrial loans Total 2,841 2,033 10,662 15,536 1,427,081 1,442,617 122 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 1,669 714 3,350 5,733 2,138,084 2,143,817 800 Construction — — — — 4,641 4,641 — Total 1,669 714 3,350 5,733 2,142,725 2,148,458 800 Consumer loans: Home equity 149 — 1,147 1,296 272,571 273,867 52 Auto and other 4,709 990 2,729 8,428 496,171 504,599 1 Total 4,858 990 3,876 9,724 768,742 778,466 53 Total $ 9,791 $ 3,826 $ 33,511 $ 47,128 $ 7,119,369 $ 7,166,497 $ 975 Acquired Loans (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days >90 Days Past Due Total Past Acquired Total Loans Past Due > December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,396 $ 47,792 $ — Commercial real estate 3,907 245 10,247 14,399 21,639 1,189,521 5,751 Total 3,907 245 10,247 14,399 23,035 1,237,313 5,751 Commercial and industrial loans Total 888 299 1,275 2,462 26,718 397,891 442 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 745 491 932 2,168 10,840 533,536 139 Construction — — — — — 3,478 — Total 745 491 932 2,168 10,840 537,014 139 Consumer loans: Home equity 346 222 789 1,357 540 106,724 72 Auto and other 120 22 265 407 286 56,989 — Total 466 244 1,054 1,764 826 163,713 72 Total $ 6,006 $ 1,279 $ 13,508 $ 20,793 $ 61,419 $ 2,335,931 $ 6,404 The following is summary information pertaining to non-accrual loans at December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Activities Acquired Loans Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — Other commercial real estate 15,623 4,496 20,119 Total 15,623 4,496 20,119 Commercial and industrial loans: Total 10,540 833 11,373 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 2,550 793 3,343 Construction — — — Total 2,550 793 3,343 Consumer loans: Home equity 1,095 717 1,812 Auto and other 2,728 265 2,993 Total 3,823 982 4,805 Total non-accrual loans $ 32,536 $ 7,104 $ 39,640 Loans evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2019 were as follows: Business Activities Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Loans receivable: Balance at end of year Individually evaluated for impairment $ 19,192 $ 9,167 $ 3,019 $ 630 $ 32,008 Collectively evaluated 2,777,764 1,433,450 2,145,439 777,836 7,134,489 Total $ 2,796,956 $ 1,442,617 $ 2,148,458 $ 778,466 $ 7,166,497 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Loans receivable: Balance at end of year Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,241 $ 464 $ 372 $ 575 $ 5,652 Purchased credit-impaired loans 23,035 26,718 10,840 826 61,419 Collectively evaluated 1,210,037 370,709 525,802 162,312 2,268,860 Total $ 1,237,313 $ 397,891 $ 537,014 $ 163,713 $ 2,335,931 The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate loans $ 18,676 $ 37,493 $ — Commercial and industrial loans 4,805 10,104 — Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 433 699 — Consumer - home equity 32 238 — Consumer - other — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate loans $ 550 $ 1,411 $ 20 Commercial and industrial loans 4,166 12,136 122 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 2,615 2,924 109 Consumer - home equity 594 614 42 Consumer - other 8 8 1 Total Commercial real estate $ 19,226 $ 38,904 $ 20 Commercial and industrial loans 8,971 22,240 122 Residential mortgages 3,048 3,623 109 Consumer 634 860 43 Total impaired loans $ 31,879 $ 65,627 $ 294 (1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company. Acquired Loans December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate loans $ 3,200 $ 6,021 $ — Other commercial and industrial loans 437 532 — Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 292 293 — Consumer - home equity 416 844 — Consumer - other — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate loans $ 1,033 $ 1,050 $ 97 Commercial and industrial loans 28 30 1 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 84 110 8 Consumer - home equity 121 123 6 Consumer - other 39 37 6 Total Commercial real estate $ 4,233 $ 7,071 $ 97 Commercial and industrial loans 465 562 1 Residential mortgages 376 403 8 Consumer 576 1,004 12 Total impaired loans $ 5,650 $ 9,040 $ 118 (1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company. The following is a summary of the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Business Activities Loans December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate $ 19,805 $ 586 $ 24,078 $ 373 Other commercial and industrial 3,165 523 914 245 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 185 17 428 20 Consumer-home equity 148 3 107 10 Consumer-other — — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate $ 374 $ 107 $ 555 $ 30 Other commercial and industrial 2,533 793 1,259 139 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 2,427 150 1,407 75 Consumer-home equity 349 32 98 6 Consumer - other 11 1 15 1 Total Commercial real estate $ 20,179 $ 693 $ 24,633 $ 403 Commercial and industrial 5,698 1,316 2,173 384 Residential mortgages 2,612 167 1,835 95 Consumer loans 508 36 220 17 Total impaired loans $ 28,997 $ 2,212 $ 28,861 $ 899 Acquired Loans December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate $ 1,603 $ 117 $ 3,280 $ 263 Other commercial and industrial 441 51 428 68 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 241 11 290 9 Consumer - home equity 475 23 635 4 Consumer - other — — 13 1 With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate $ 1,005 $ 59 $ 950 $ 53 Other commercial and industrial 29 2 197 41 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 88 7 26 9 Consumer - home equity 68 6 89 12 Consumer - other 41 2 11 3 Total Commercial real estate $ 2,608 $ 176 $ 4,230 $ 316 Commercial and industrial 470 53 625 109 Residential mortgages 329 18 316 18 Consumer loans 584 31 748 20 Total impaired loans $ 3,991 $ 278 $ 5,919 $ 463 No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans. The following table presents the Company’s TDR activity in 2019 and 2018: (In thousands) 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of year $ 27,415 $ 41,990 Principal payments (6,086) (8,547) TDR status change (1) — — Other reductions (2) (4,076) (8,713) Newly identified TDRs 2,063 2,685 Balance at end of year $ 19,316 $ 27,415 _____________________ (1) TDR status change classification represents TDR loans with a specified interest rate equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk and the loan was on current payment status and not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement. (2) Other reductions classification consists of transfer to other real estate owned, charge-offs to loans, and other loan sale payoffs. Allowance for Loan Losses Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated allowance for loan losses using incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior periods. Activity in the allowance for loan losses for 2019 and 2018 was as follows: Business Activities Loans Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Charged-off loans 6,577 23,799 635 3,322 34,333 Recoveries on charged-off loans 570 1,012 57 253 1,892 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 9,033 25,404 (1,417) 458 33,478 Balance at end of period $ 24,758 $ 19,121 $ 8,540 $ 4,757 $ 57,176 Individually evaluated for impairment 20 122 109 43 294 Collectively evaluated 24,738 18,999 8,431 4,714 56,882 Total $ 24,758 $ 19,121 $ 8,540 $ 4,757 $ 57,176 Business Activities Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 16,843 $ 13,850 $ 9,420 $ 5,807 $ 45,920 Charged-off loans 5,859 4,275 157 3,187 13,478 Recoveries on charged-off loans 50 620 114 363 1,147 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 10,698 6,309 1,158 4,385 22,550 Balance at end of period $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Individually evaluated for impairment 9 49 128 11 197 Collectively evaluated 21,723 16,455 10,407 7,357 55,942 Total $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 Charged-off loans 830 571 263 557 2,221 Recoveries on charged-off loans 672 438 116 123 1,349 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 1,111 126 365 339 1,941 Balance at end of period $ 4,106 $ 1,057 $ 848 $ 388 $ 6,399 Individually evaluated for impairment 97 1 8 12 118 Collectively evaluated 4,009 1,056 840 376 6,281 Total $ 4,106 $ 1,057 $ 848 $ 388 $ 6,399 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,856 $ 1,125 $ 598 $ 335 $ 5,914 Charged-off loans 1,812 524 1,091 1,106 4,533 Recoveries on charged-off loans 294 286 51 417 1,048 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 815 177 1,072 837 2,901 Balance at end of period $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 Individually evaluated for impairment 9 4 36 48 97 Collectively evaluated 3,144 1,060 594 435 5,233 Total $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 The following tables present the Company’s loans by risk rating at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans Commercial Real Estate Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Construction Real Estate Total Commercial Real Estate Grade: Pass $ 382,014 $ 2,354,375 $ 2,736,389 Special mention — 12,167 12,167 Substandard — 48,400 48,400 Total $ 382,014 $ 2,414,942 $ 2,796,956 Commercial and Industrial Loans Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Total Commercial and Industrial Loans Grade: Pass $ 1,366,342 Special mention 50,072 Substandard 24,112 Doubtful 2,091 Total $ 1,442,617 Residential Mortgages Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade December 31, 2019 (In thousands) 1-4 Family Construction Total Residential Mortgages Grade: Pass $ 2,139,753 $ 4,641 $ 2,144,394 Special mention 714 — 714 Substandard 3,350 — 3,350 Total $ 2,143,817 $ 4,641 $ 2,148,458 Consumer Loans Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Home Equity Auto and Other Total Consumer Loans Performing $ 272,772 $ 501,871 $ 774,643 Nonperforming 1,095 2,728 3,823 Total $ 273,867 $ 504,599 $ 778,466 Acquired Loans Commercial Real Estate Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Construction Real Estate Total Commercial Real Estate Grade: Pass $ 46,396 $ 1,130,333 $ 1,176,729 Special mention — 5,993 5,993 Substandard 1,396 53,195 54,591 Total $ 47,792 $ 1,189,521 $ 1,237,313 Commercial and Industrial Loans Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Total Commercial and Industrial Loans Grade: Pass $ 373,744 Special mention 4,404 Substandard 19,743 Total $ 397,891 Residential Mortgages Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade December 31, 2019 (In thousands) 1-4 Family Construction Total Residential Mortgages Grade: Pass $ 528,282 $ 3,478 $ 531,760 Special mention 592 — 592 Substandard 4,662 — 4,662 Total $ 533,536 $ 3,478 $ 537,014 Consumer Loans Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Home Equity Auto and Other Total Consumer Loans Performing $ 106,007 $ 56,724 $ 162,731 Nonperforming 717 265 982 Total $ 106,724 $ 56,989 $ 163,713 The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at December 31, 2019. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified in the above table as performing based on payment activity. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Acquired Loans Total Non-Accrual $ 32,536 $ 7,104 $ 39,640 Substandard Accruing 49,293 73,131 122,424 Total Classified 81,829 80,235 162,064 Special Mention 63,943 11,341 75,284 Total Criticized $ 145,772 $ 91,576 $ 237,348 " id="sjs-B4" xml:space="preserve">LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company evaluates its risk characteristics of loans based on regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, under the incurred loss model, the Company evaluated its risk characteristics of loans based on purpose of the loans. The composition of loans by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2020 and January 1, 2021 follows: (In thousands) December 31, 2019 Statement Balance Impact of ASC 326 Adoption January 1, 2020 Post-ASC 326 Adoption Loans: Construction $ 448,452 $ 187 $ 448,639 Commercial multifamily 631,740 252 631,992 Commercial real estate owner occupied 673,308 3,185 676,493 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,189,780 6,540 2,196,320 Commercial and industrial 1,843,683 (12,212) 1,831,471 Residential real estate 2,853,385 1,868 2,855,253 Home equity 378,793 10 378,803 Consumer other 483,287 205 483,492 Total $ 9,502,428 $ 35 $ 9,502,463 Allowance: Construction $ 2,713 $ (342) $ 2,371 Commercial multifamily 4,413 (1,842) 2,571 Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,880 6,062 10,942 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 16,344 11,201 27,545 Commercial and industrial 20,099 (2,189) 17,910 Residential real estate 9,970 6,799 16,769 Home equity 1,470 4,884 6,354 Consumer other 3,686 861 4,547 Total $ 63,575 $ 25,434 $ 89,009 The following is a summary of total loans by regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types: (In thousands) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Construction $ 454,513 $ 448,452 Commercial multifamily 483,350 631,740 Commercial real estate owner occupied 552,413 673,308 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,119,263 2,189,780 Commercial and industrial 1,943,164 1,843,683 Residential real estate 1,931,681 2,853,385 Home equity 293,981 378,793 Consumer other 303,154 483,287 Total loans $ 8,081,519 $ 9,502,428 Allowance for credit losses 127,302 63,575 Net loans $ 7,954,217 $ 9,438,853 As of December 31, 2020, loans originated under the Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") totaled $633.3 million. These loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and the full principal amount of the loan may qualify for forgiveness. These loans are included in commercial and industrial. In 2020, the Company purchased loans aggregating $98 million and sold loans aggregating $415 million. In 2019, the Company purchased loans aggregating $432 million and sold loans aggregating $310 million. Net gains on sales of loans were $10.6 million, $12.0 million, and $9.3 million for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. These amounts are included in Loan Related Income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Most of the Company’s lending activity occurs within its primary markets in Massachusetts, Southern Vermont, and Northeastern New York. Most of the loan portfolio is secured by real estate, including residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, and home equity loans. Year-end loans to operators of non-residential buildings totaled $1.5 billion, or 19.0%, and $1.7 billion, or 18.1% of total loans in 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no other concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans at year-end 2020 or 2019. As of December 31, 2020, the Company maintained foreclosed residential real estate property with a fair value of $149 thousand. As of December 31, 2019, the Company maintained no foreclosed residential real estate property. Additionally, residential mortgage loans collateralized by real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 totaled $3.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, including sold loans serviced by the Company. At year-end 2020, the Company had pledged loans totaling $925 million to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston as collateral for certain borrowing arrangements. Also, residential first mortgage loans are subject to a blanket lien for FHLBB advances. See Note 11 - Borrowed Funds. At year-end 2020 and 2019, the Company’s commitments outstanding to related parties totaled $2.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively, and the loans outstanding against these commitments totaled $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Related parties include directors and executive officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as their respective affiliates in which they have a controlling interest and immediate family members. For the years 2020 and 2019, all related party loans were performing. Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans for the year ended December 31, 2020 was as follows: (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Impact of Adopting ASC 326 Sub-total Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Balance at End of Period Year ended December 31, 2020 Construction $ 2,713 $ (342) $ 2,371 $ (834) $ — $ 3,574 $ 5,111 Commercial multifamily 4,413 (1,842) 2,571 (100) 100 3,345 5,916 Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,880 6,062 10,942 (8,686) 1,053 9,071 12,380 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 16,344 11,201 27,545 (11,653) 307 19,651 35,850 Commercial and industrial 20,099 (2,189) 17,910 (19,328) 4,285 22,146 25,013 Residential real estate 9,970 6,799 16,769 (2,285) 1,359 12,648 28,491 Home equity 1,470 4,884 6,354 (347) 292 183 6,482 Consumer other 3,686 861 4,547 (2,562) 609 5,465 8,059 Total allowance for credit losses $ 63,575 $ 25,434 $ 89,009 $ (45,795) $ 8,005 $ 76,083 $ 127,302 The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liability on consolidated balance sheet), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the year ended December 31, 2020 was as follows: (In thousands) Total Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 100 Impact of adopting ASC 326 7,993 Sub-Total 8,093 Release of expense for credit losses (464) Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 7,629 Credit Quality Information The Company monitors the credit quality of its portfolio by using internal risk ratings that are based on regulatory guidance. Loans that are given a Pass rating are not considered a problem credit. Loans that are classified as Special Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses and are evaluated closely by management. Substandard, including non-accruing loans, are loans for which a definitive weakness has been identified and which may make full collection of contractual cash flows questionable. Doubtful loans are those with identified weaknesses that make full collection of contractual cash flows, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. For commercial credits, the Company assigns an internal risk rating at origination and reviews the rating annually, semiannually, or quarterly depending on the risk rating. The rating is also reassessed at any point in time when management becomes aware of information that may affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill their obligations. The Company risk rates its residential mortgages, including 1-4 family and residential construction loans, based on a three rating system: Pass, Special Mention, and Substandard. Loans that are current within 59 days are rated Pass. Residential mortgages that are 60-89 days delinquent are rated Special Mention. Loans delinquent for 90 days or greater are rated Substandard and generally placed on non-accrual status. The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk category: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of December 31, 2020 Construction Risk rating Pass $ 38,374 $ 255,377 $ 114,690 $ 28,474 $ 9,519 $ 2,766 $ 1,000 $ — $ 450,200 Special Mention — — 313 — — — — — 313 Substandard — — — 4,000 — — — — 4,000 Total $ 38,374 $ 255,377 $ 115,003 $ 32,474 $ 9,519 $ 2,766 $ 1,000 $ — $ 454,513 Commercial multifamily: Risk rating Pass $ 31,438 $ 57,659 $ 74,932 $ 77,746 $ 81,066 $ 153,818 $ 20 $ — $ 476,679 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 47 6,479 145 — 6,671 Total $ 31,438 $ 57,659 $ 74,932 $ 77,746 $ 81,113 $ 160,297 $ 165 $ — $ 483,350 Commercial real estate owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 58,327 $ 84,839 $ 104,797 $ 64,693 $ 44,300 $ 169,197 $ 1,194 $ — $ 527,347 Special Mention 535 2,569 1,136 1,009 800 2,579 — — 8,628 Substandard — 1,266 3,597 1,685 1,439 8,451 — — 16,438 Total $ 58,862 $ 88,674 $ 109,530 $ 67,387 $ 46,539 $ 180,227 $ 1,194 $ — $ 552,413 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 180,520 $ 292,386 $ 435,440 $ 223,935 $ 303,221 $ 497,066 $ 15,393 $ — $ 1,947,961 Special Mention — 279 2,068 6,958 11,798 44,961 1,068 — 67,132 Substandard 7,804 3,529 4,235 19,632 2,124 66,651 195 — 104,170 Total $ 188,324 $ 296,194 $ 441,743 $ 250,525 $ 317,143 $ 608,678 $ 16,656 $ — $ 2,119,263 Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 754,260 $ 159,046 $ 205,651 $ 130,985 $ 48,326 $ 148,222 $ 368,769 $ — $ 1,815,259 Special Mention 1,467 5,753 5,267 2,851 1,601 65 12,408 — 29,412 Substandard 7,392 39,822 24,951 7,765 3,504 5,630 9,099 — 98,163 Doubtful — — — — — — 330 — 330 Total $ 763,119 $ 204,621 $ 235,869 $ 141,601 $ 53,431 $ 153,917 $ 390,606 $ — $ 1,943,164 Residential real estate Risk rating Pass $ 150,583 $ 146,142 $ 272,399 $ 320,384 $ 333,159 $ 691,078 $ 3,281 $ — $ 1,917,026 Special Mention 384 — 454 1,430 — 362 — — 2,630 Substandard 991 39 703 902 417 8,964 9 — 12,025 Total $ 151,958 $ 146,181 $ 273,556 $ 322,716 $ 333,576 $ 700,404 $ 3,290 $ — $ 1,931,681 For home equity and consumer other loan portfolio segments, Berkshire evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. The performing or nonperforming status is updated on an ongoing basis dependent upon improvement and deterioration in credit quality. The following table presents the amortized cost based on payment activity: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of December 31, 2020 Home equity: Payment performance Performing $ 2,445 $ 1,960 $ 316 $ 1,859 $ 499 $ 1,882 $ 282,123 $ — $ 291,084 Nonperforming — — 1 — — — 2,896 — 2,897 Total $ 2,445 $ 1,960 $ 317 $ 1,859 $ 499 $ 1,882 $ 285,019 $ — $ 293,981 Consumer other: Payment performance Performing $ 15,193 $ 35,317 $ 101,730 $ 69,366 $ 35,421 $ 31,327 $ 9,339 $ — $ 297,693 Nonperforming 39 316 1,511 1,599 1,585 407 4 — 5,461 Total $ 15,232 $ 35,633 $ 103,241 $ 70,965 $ 37,006 $ 31,734 $ 9,343 $ — $ 303,154 The following is a summary of loans by past due status at December 31, 2020: (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans December 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 454,513 $ 454,513 Commercial multifamily — — 757 757 482,593 483,350 Commercial real estate owner occupied 809 631 4,894 6,334 546,079 552,413 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 315 168 38,389 38,872 2,080,391 2,119,263 Commercial and industrial 3,016 3,259 12,982 19,257 1,923,907 1,943,164 Residential real estate 2,068 2,630 11,115 15,813 1,915,868 1,931,681 Home equity 244 284 2,897 3,425 290,556 293,981 Consumer other 2,109 777 5,364 8,250 294,904 303,154 Total $ 8,561 $ 7,749 $ 76,398 $ 92,708 $ 7,988,811 $ 8,081,519 The following is a summary of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of December 31, 2020: January 1, 2020 December 31, 2020 (In thousands) Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 811 757 591 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 15,389 4,509 2,290 385 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,031 29,572 13,912 8,817 — Commercial and industrial 11,218 12,441 4,725 541 — Residential real estate 6,411 9,711 5,739 1,404 — Home equity 1,798 2,654 159 243 — Consumer other 2,982 5,304 2 60 — Total $ 39,640 $ 64,948 $ 27,418 $ 11,450 $ — The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of December 31, 2020 included medallion loans with a fair value of $2.3 million and a contractual balance of $53.9 million. The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at December 31, 2020. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified as performing based on payment activity. (In thousands) December 31, 2020 Non-Accrual $ 64,948 Substandard Accruing 185,207 Total Classified 250,155 Special Mention 109,299 Total Criticized $ 359,454 A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment: Type of Collateral (In thousands) Real Estate Investment Securities/Cash Other December 31, 2020 Commercial multifamily $ 591 $ — $ — Commercial real estate owner occupied 5,714 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 30,950 — — Commercial and industrial 973 36 3,758 Residential real estate 5,081 — — Home equity 145 — — Consumer other 51 — — Total loans $ 43,505 $ 36 $ 3,758 Troubled Debt Restructuring Loans The Company’s loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment and may result in a specific allowance amount allocated to an individual loan. The following table presents activity in TDRs for the year ended December 31, 2020: (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Principal Payments TDR Status Change Other Additions/(Reductions) Newly Identified TDRs Balance at End of Period Year ended December 31, 2020 Commercial multifamily $ 793 $ (39) $ — $ — $ — $ 754 Commercial real estate owner occupied 13,331 (5,734) — (5,884) 18 1,731 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,373 (1) — 1,719 10,593 13,684 Commercial and industrial 1,449 (289) — (60) 1,586 2,686 Residential real estate 2,045 (160) — (361) — 1,524 Home equity 277 (22) — (122) — 133 Consumer other 48 (12) — — — 36 Total $ 19,316 $ (6,257) $ — $ (4,708) $ 12,197 $ 20,548 The following table presents loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018: (dollars in thousands) Total Year ended December 31, 2020 TDR: Number of loans 16 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 12,197 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 12,197 Year ended December 31, 2019 TDR: Number of loans 13 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 2,063 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 2,063 Year ended December 31, 2018 TDR: Number of loans 10 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 2,685 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 2,685 The following table discloses the modifications for TDRs where a concession has been made within the previous 12 months, that then defaulted in the respective reporting period. There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the year ended December 31, 2020. For the year ended 2019, there was one loan that was restructured that had subsequently defaulted during the reporting period. (dollars in thousands) Number of Loans Recorded Investment Year ended December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial - other 1 $ 195 Total 1 $ 195 Beginning in March 2020, the Company has offered three-month payment deferrals for customers with a current payment status who were negatively impacted by economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These loans were not recorded as TDRs. Refer to Note 17 - Other Commitments, Contingencies, and Off-Balance Sheet Activities for more information regarding these modifications. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated allowance for loan losses using incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to loans in prior periods. The following is a summary of total loans as of December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Acquired Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ 382,014 $ 47,792 $ 429,806 Other commercial real estate 2,414,942 1,189,521 3,604,463 Total commercial real estate 2,796,956 1,237,313 4,034,269 Commercial and industrial loans: 1,442,617 397,891 1,840,508 Total commercial loans 4,239,573 1,635,204 5,874,777 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 2,143,817 533,536 2,677,353 Construction 4,641 3,478 8,119 Total residential mortgages 2,148,458 537,014 2,685,472 Consumer loans: Home equity 273,867 106,724 380,591 Auto and other 504,599 56,989 561,588 Total consumer loans 778,466 163,713 942,179 Total loans $ 7,166,497 $ 2,335,931 $ 9,502,428 Total unamortized net costs and premiums included in the December 31, 2019 total loans for business activity loans were the following: (In thousands) December 31, 2019 Unamortized net loan origination costs $ 13,259 Unamortized net premium on purchased loans 2,643 Total unamortized net costs and premiums $ 15,902 The following table summarizes activity in the accretable yield for the acquired loan portfolio that falls under the purview of ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality : (In thousands) 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of period $ 2,840 $ 11,561 Acquisitions 4,200 — Accretion (9,619) (23,109) Net reclassification from nonaccretable difference 7,430 17,347 Payments received, net (837) (2,878) Reclassification to TDR 9 — Disposals — (81) Balance at end of period 4,023 2,840 The following is a summary of past due loans at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days >90 Days Past Due Total Past Current Total Loans Past Due > December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 382,014 $ 382,014 $ — Commercial real estate 423 89 15,623 16,135 2,398,807 2,414,942 — Total 423 89 15,623 16,135 2,780,821 2,796,956 — Commercial and industrial loans Total 2,841 2,033 10,662 15,536 1,427,081 1,442,617 122 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 1,669 714 3,350 5,733 2,138,084 2,143,817 800 Construction — — — — 4,641 4,641 — Total 1,669 714 3,350 5,733 2,142,725 2,148,458 800 Consumer loans: Home equity 149 — 1,147 1,296 272,571 273,867 52 Auto and other 4,709 990 2,729 8,428 496,171 504,599 1 Total 4,858 990 3,876 9,724 768,742 778,466 53 Total $ 9,791 $ 3,826 $ 33,511 $ 47,128 $ 7,119,369 $ 7,166,497 $ 975 Acquired Loans (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days >90 Days Past Due Total Past Acquired Total Loans Past Due > December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,396 $ 47,792 $ — Commercial real estate 3,907 245 10,247 14,399 21,639 1,189,521 5,751 Total 3,907 245 10,247 14,399 23,035 1,237,313 5,751 Commercial and industrial loans Total 888 299 1,275 2,462 26,718 397,891 442 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 745 491 932 2,168 10,840 533,536 139 Construction — — — — — 3,478 — Total 745 491 932 2,168 10,840 537,014 139 Consumer loans: Home equity 346 222 789 1,357 540 106,724 72 Auto and other 120 22 265 407 286 56,989 — Total 466 244 1,054 1,764 826 163,713 72 Total $ 6,006 $ 1,279 $ 13,508 $ 20,793 $ 61,419 $ 2,335,931 $ 6,404 The following is summary information pertaining to non-accrual loans at December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Activities Acquired Loans Total Commercial real estate: Construction $ — $ — $ — Other commercial real estate 15,623 4,496 20,119 Total 15,623 4,496 20,119 Commercial and industrial loans: Total 10,540 833 11,373 Residential mortgages: 1-4 family 2,550 793 3,343 Construction — — — Total 2,550 793 3,343 Consumer loans: Home equity 1,095 717 1,812 Auto and other 2,728 265 2,993 Total 3,823 982 4,805 Total non-accrual loans $ 32,536 $ 7,104 $ 39,640 Loans evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2019 were as follows: Business Activities Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Loans receivable: Balance at end of year Individually evaluated for impairment $ 19,192 $ 9,167 $ 3,019 $ 630 $ 32,008 Collectively evaluated 2,777,764 1,433,450 2,145,439 777,836 7,134,489 Total $ 2,796,956 $ 1,442,617 $ 2,148,458 $ 778,466 $ 7,166,497 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial Residential Consumer Total Loans receivable: Balance at end of year Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,241 $ 464 $ 372 $ 575 $ 5,652 Purchased credit-impaired loans 23,035 26,718 10,840 826 61,419 Collectively evaluated 1,210,037 370,709 525,802 162,312 2,268,860 Total $ 1,237,313 $ 397,891 $ 537,014 $ 163,713 $ 2,335,931 The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate loans $ 18,676 $ 37,493 $ — Commercial and industrial loans 4,805 10,104 — Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 433 699 — Consumer - home equity 32 238 — Consumer - other — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate loans $ 550 $ 1,411 $ 20 Commercial and industrial loans 4,166 12,136 122 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 2,615 2,924 109 Consumer - home equity 594 614 42 Consumer - other 8 8 1 Total Commercial real estate $ 19,226 $ 38,904 $ 20 Commercial and industrial loans 8,971 22,240 122 Residential mortgages 3,048 3,623 109 Consumer 634 860 43 Total impaired loans $ 31,879 $ 65,627 $ 294 (1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company. Acquired Loans December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate loans $ 3,200 $ 6,021 $ — Other commercial and industrial loans 437 532 — Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 292 293 — Consumer - home equity 416 844 — Consumer - other — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate loans $ 1,033 $ 1,050 $ 97 Commercial and industrial loans 28 30 1 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 84 110 8 Consumer - home equity 121 123 6 Consumer - other 39 37 6 Total Commercial real estate $ 4,233 $ 7,071 $ 97 Commercial and industrial loans 465 562 1 Residential mortgages 376 403 8 Consumer 576 1,004 12 Total impaired loans $ 5,650 $ 9,040 $ 118 (1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. (2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company. The following is a summary of the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Business Activities Loans December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate $ 19,805 $ 586 $ 24,078 $ 373 Other commercial and industrial 3,165 523 914 245 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 185 17 428 20 Consumer-home equity 148 3 107 10 Consumer-other — — — — With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate $ 374 $ 107 $ 555 $ 30 Other commercial and industrial 2,533 793 1,259 139 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 2,427 150 1,407 75 Consumer-home equity 349 32 98 6 Consumer - other 11 1 15 1 Total Commercial real estate $ 20,179 $ 693 $ 24,633 $ 403 Commercial and industrial 5,698 1,316 2,173 384 Residential mortgages 2,612 167 1,835 95 Consumer loans 508 36 220 17 Total impaired loans $ 28,997 $ 2,212 $ 28,861 $ 899 Acquired Loans December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest Average Recorded Cash Basis Interest With no related allowance: Other commercial real estate $ 1,603 $ 117 $ 3,280 $ 263 Other commercial and industrial 441 51 428 68 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 241 11 290 9 Consumer - home equity 475 23 635 4 Consumer - other — — 13 1 With an allowance recorded: Other commercial real estate $ 1,005 $ 59 $ 950 $ 53 Other commercial and industrial 29 2 197 41 Residential mortgages - 1-4 family 88 7 26 9 Consumer - home equity 68 6 89 12 Consumer - other 41 2 11 3 Total Commercial real estate $ 2,608 $ 176 $ 4,230 $ 316 Commercial and industrial 470 53 625 109 Residential mortgages 329 18 316 18 Consumer loans 584 31 748 20 Total impaired loans $ 3,991 $ 278 $ 5,919 $ 463 No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans. The following table presents the Company’s TDR activity in 2019 and 2018: (In thousands) 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of year $ 27,415 $ 41,990 Principal payments (6,086) (8,547) TDR status change (1) — — Other reductions (2) (4,076) (8,713) Newly identified TDRs 2,063 2,685 Balance at end of year $ 19,316 $ 27,415 _____________________ (1) TDR status change classification represents TDR loans with a specified interest rate equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk and the loan was on current payment status and not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement. (2) Other reductions classification consists of transfer to other real estate owned, charge-offs to loans, and other loan sale payoffs. Allowance for Loan Losses Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated allowance for loan losses using incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior periods. Activity in the allowance for loan losses for 2019 and 2018 was as follows: Business Activities Loans Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Charged-off loans 6,577 23,799 635 3,322 34,333 Recoveries on charged-off loans 570 1,012 57 253 1,892 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 9,033 25,404 (1,417) 458 33,478 Balance at end of period $ 24,758 $ 19,121 $ 8,540 $ 4,757 $ 57,176 Individually evaluated for impairment 20 122 109 43 294 Collectively evaluated 24,738 18,999 8,431 4,714 56,882 Total $ 24,758 $ 19,121 $ 8,540 $ 4,757 $ 57,176 Business Activities Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 16,843 $ 13,850 $ 9,420 $ 5,807 $ 45,920 Charged-off loans 5,859 4,275 157 3,187 13,478 Recoveries on charged-off loans 50 620 114 363 1,147 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 10,698 6,309 1,158 4,385 22,550 Balance at end of period $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Individually evaluated for impairment 9 49 128 11 197 Collectively evaluated 21,723 16,455 10,407 7,357 55,942 Total $ 21,732 $ 16,504 $ 10,535 $ 7,368 $ 56,139 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 Charged-off loans 830 571 263 557 2,221 Recoveries on charged-off loans 672 438 116 123 1,349 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 1,111 126 365 339 1,941 Balance at end of period $ 4,106 $ 1,057 $ 848 $ 388 $ 6,399 Individually evaluated for impairment 97 1 8 12 118 Collectively evaluated 4,009 1,056 840 376 6,281 Total $ 4,106 $ 1,057 $ 848 $ 388 $ 6,399 Acquired Loans (In thousands) Commercial Commercial and Residential Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 3,856 $ 1,125 $ 598 $ 335 $ 5,914 Charged-off loans 1,812 524 1,091 1,106 4,533 Recoveries on charged-off loans 294 286 51 417 1,048 Provision/(releases) for loan losses 815 177 1,072 837 2,901 Balance at end of period $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 Individually evaluated for impairment 9 4 36 48 97 Collectively evaluated 3,144 1,060 594 435 5,233 Total $ 3,153 $ 1,064 $ 630 $ 483 $ 5,330 The following tables present the Company’s loans by risk rating at December 31, 2019: Business Activities Loans Commercial Real Estate Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Construction Real Estate Total Commercial Real Estate Grade: Pass $ 382,014 $ 2,354,375 $ 2,736,389 Special mention — 12,167 12,167 Substandard — 48,400 48,400 Total $ 382,014 $ 2,414,942 $ 2,796,956 Commercial and Industrial Loans Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Total Commercial and Industrial Loans Grade: Pass $ 1,366,342 Special mention 50,072 Substandard 24,112 Doubtful 2,091 Total $ 1,442,617 Residential Mortgages Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade December 31, 2019 (In thousands) 1-4 Family Construction Total Residential Mortgages Grade: Pass $ 2,139,753 $ 4,641 $ 2,144,394 Special mention 714 — 714 Substandard 3,350 — 3,350 Total $ 2,143,817 $ 4,641 $ 2,148,458 Consumer Loans Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Home Equity Auto and Other Total Consumer Loans Performing $ 272,772 $ 501,871 $ 774,643 Nonperforming 1,095 2,728 3,823 Total $ 273,867 $ 504,599 $ 778,466 Acquired Loans Commercial Real Estate Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Construction Real Estate Total Commercial Real Estate Grade: Pass $ 46,396 $ 1,130,333 $ 1,176,729 Special mention — 5,993 5,993 Substandard 1,396 53,195 54,591 Total $ 47,792 $ 1,189,521 $ 1,237,313 Commercial and Industrial Loans Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Total Commercial and Industrial Loans Grade: Pass $ 373,744 Special mention 4,404 Substandard 19,743 Total $ 397,891 Residential Mortgages Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade December 31, 2019 (In thousands) 1-4 Family Construction Total Residential Mortgages Grade: Pass $ 528,282 $ 3,478 $ 531,760 Special mention 592 — 592 Substandard 4,662 — 4,662 Total $ 533,536 $ 3,478 $ 537,014 Consumer Loans Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Home Equity Auto and Other Total Consumer Loans Performing $ 106,007 $ 56,724 $ 162,731 Nonperforming 717 265 982 Total $ 106,724 $ 56,989 $ 163,713 The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at December 31, 2019. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified in the above table as performing based on payment activity. December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Business Acquired Loans Total Non-Accrual $ 32,536 $ 7,104 $ 39,640 Substandard Accruing 49,293 73,131 122,424 Total Classified 81,829 80,235 162,064 Special Mention 63,943 11,341 75,284 Total Criticized $ 145,772 $ 91,576 $ 237,348 |