LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following is a summary of total loans by regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types: (In thousands) March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Construction $ 454,388 $ 454,513 Commercial multifamily 483,646 483,350 Commercial real estate owner occupied 556,286 552,413 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,129,572 2,119,263 Commercial and industrial 1,719,304 1,943,164 Residential real estate 1,774,504 1,931,681 Home equity 279,017 293,981 Consumer other 262,061 303,154 Total loans $ 7,658,778 $ 8,081,519 Allowance for credit losses 123,800 127,302 Net loans $ 7,534,978 $ 7,954,217 As of March 31, 2021, outstanding loans originated under the Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") totaled $444.2 million. T hese loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and the full principal amount of the loan may qualify for forgiveness. These loans are included in commercial and industrial. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company reclassified $9.5 million of commercial loans, reflecting its intent to sell these loans. These loans are not contained in the balances within this note and are accounted for at the lower of carrying value or fair market value. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Construction - Loans in this segment primarily include real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale of the property or long term financing at completion. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions Commercial real estate multifamily, owner occupied and non-owner - Loans in these segments are primarily owner-occupied or income-producing properties throughout New England and Northeastern New York. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management monitors the cash flows of these loans. Commercial and industrial loans - Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business such as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, other liquid collateral, equipment and other business assets. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. Loans in this segment include asset based loans which generally have no scheduled repayment and which are closely monitored against formula based collateral advance ratios. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Residential real estate - All loans in this segment are collateralized by residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Home equity and other consumer loans - Loans in this segment are primarily home equity lines of credit, automobile loans and other consumer loans. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans The Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans (“ACLL”) is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments which is accounted for as a separate liability in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the balance sheet date. The Company uses a static pool migration analysis method, applying expected historical loss trend and observed economic metrics. The level of the ACLL is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past and current events, utilizing a 7 quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period with a 1 year reversion period. The ACLL reserve is overlaid with qualitative factors based upon: • the existence and growth of concentrations of credit; • the volume and severity of past due financial assets, including nonaccrual assets; • the institutions lending and credit review as well as the experience and ability of relevant management and staff and; • the effect of other external factors such as regulatory, competition, regional market conditions, legal and technological environment and other events such as natural disasters; • the effect of other economic factors such as economic stimulus and customer forbearance programs. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level by the Company to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 was as follows: (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Impact of Adopting ASC 326 Sub-total Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2021 Construction $ 5,111 $ — $ 5,111 $ — $ — $ (714) $ 4,397 Commercial multifamily 5,916 — 5,916 (124) 62 497 6,351 Commercial real estate owner occupied 12,380 — 12,380 (376) 12 2,241 14,257 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 35,850 — 35,850 (6,658) 126 5,243 34,561 Commercial and industrial 25,013 — 25,013 (3,320) 644 3,734 26,071 Residential real estate 28,491 — 28,491 (377) 437 (2,751) 25,800 Home equity 6,482 — 6,482 (77) 24 (680) 5,749 Consumer other 8,059 — 8,059 (528) 160 (1,077) 6,614 Total allowance for credit losses $ 127,302 $ — $ 127,302 $ (11,460) $ 1,465 $ 6,493 $ 123,800 (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Impact of Adopting ASC 326 Sub-total Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2020 Construction $ 2,713 $ (342) $ 2,371 $ — $ — $ 2,202 $ 4,573 Commercial multifamily 4,413 (1,842) 2,571 — — 1,882 4,453 Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,880 6,062 10,942 (6,376) 258 6,783 11,607 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 16,344 11,201 27,545 (135) 47 1,406 28,863 Commercial and industrial 20,099 (2,189) 17,910 (4,916) 1,402 10,106 24,502 Residential real estate 9,970 6,799 16,769 (171) 70 9,389 26,057 Home equity 1,470 4,884 6,354 (77) 2 1,501 7,780 Consumer other 3,686 861 4,547 (758) 180 1,706 5,675 Total allowance for credit losses $ 63,575 $ 25,434 $ 89,009 $ (12,433) $ 1,959 $ 34,975 $ 113,510 The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liability on consolidated balance sheet), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 was as follows: Three Months Ended (In thousands) 2021 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 7,629 $ 100 Impact of adopting ASC 326 — 7,993 Sub-Total 7,629 8,093 Expense for credit losses 200 330 Balance at end of period $ 7,829 $ 8,423 Credit Quality Information The Company monitors the credit quality of its portfolio by using internal risk ratings that are based on regulatory guidance. Loans that are given a Pass rating are not considered a problem credit. Loans that are classified as Special Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses and are evaluated closely by management. Substandard, including non-accruing loans, are loans for which a definitive weakness has been identified and which may make full collection of contractual cash flows questionable. Doubtful loans are those with identified weaknesses that make full collection of contractual cash flows, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. For commercial credits, the Company assigns an internal risk rating at origination and reviews the rating annual, semiannually, or quarterly depending on the risk rating. The rating is also reassessed at any point in time when management becomes aware of information that may affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill their obligations. The Company risk rates its residential mortgages, including 1-4 family and residential construction loans, based on a three rating system: Pass, Special Mention, and Substandard. Loans that are current within 59 days are rated Pass. Residential mortgages that are 60-89 days delinquent are rated Special Mention. Loans delinquent for 90 days or greater are rated Substandard and generally placed on non-accrual status. The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk category: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of March 31, 2021 Construction Risk rating Pass $ 25,422 $ 43,662 $ 275,525 $ 65,371 $ 27,177 $ 2,501 $ 1,000 $ — $ 440,658 Special Mention — — — 313 — — — — 313 Substandard — — — 9,429 3,988 — — — 13,417 Total $ 25,422 $ 43,662 $ 275,525 $ 75,113 $ 31,165 $ 2,501 $ 1,000 $ — $ 454,388 Commercial multifamily: Risk rating Pass $ 17,100 $ 31,295 $ 55,210 $ 74,123 $ 78,148 $ 219,175 $ 61 $ — $ 475,112 Special Mention — — 2,187 — — — — — 2,187 Substandard — — — — — 6,204 143 — 6,347 Total $ 17,100 $ 31,295 $ 57,397 $ 74,123 $ 78,148 $ 225,379 $ 204 $ — $ 483,646 Commercial real estate owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 13,652 $ 53,164 $ 81,473 $ 99,224 $ 63,148 $ 218,342 $ 1,506 $ — $ 530,509 Special Mention — 535 3,389 1,136 1,966 2,432 — — 9,458 Substandard — — 1,266 3,333 1,627 10,093 — — 16,319 Total $ 13,652 $ 53,699 $ 86,128 $ 103,693 $ 66,741 $ 230,867 $ 1,506 $ — $ 556,286 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 77,638 $ 174,898 $ 292,528 $ 469,718 $ 218,525 $ 725,223 $ 17,394 $ — $ 1,975,924 Special Mention — 231 270 2,971 6,904 58,403 1,059 — 69,838 Substandard — 7,804 3,529 3,730 20,135 48,418 194 — 83,810 Total $ 77,638 $ 182,933 $ 296,327 $ 476,419 $ 245,564 $ 832,044 $ 18,647 $ — $ 2,129,572 Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 25,240 $ 563,757 $ 131,781 $ 203,153 $ 110,240 $ 182,949 $ 372,075 $ — $ 1,589,195 Special Mention — 1,952 9,887 7,477 3,881 4,011 10,806 — 38,014 Substandard 146 8,807 37,772 22,909 6,826 7,857 7,456 — 91,773 Doubtful — — — — — — 322 — 322 Total $ 25,386 $ 574,516 $ 179,440 $ 233,539 $ 120,947 $ 194,817 $ 390,659 $ — $ 1,719,304 Residential real estate Risk rating Pass $ 55,071 $ 148,622 $ 127,817 $ 218,785 $ 273,160 $ 931,322 $ 3,261 $ — $ 1,758,038 Special Mention — — — — 284 814 — — 1,098 Substandard — 700 31 1,836 2,434 10,367 — — 15,368 Total $ 55,071 $ 149,322 $ 127,848 $ 220,621 $ 275,878 $ 942,503 $ 3,261 $ — $ 1,774,504 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of December 31, 2020 Construction Risk rating Pass $ 38,374 $ 255,377 $ 114,690 $ 28,474 $ 9,519 $ 2,766 $ 1,000 $ — $ 450,200 Special Mention — — 313 — — — — — 313 Substandard — — — 4,000 — — — — 4,000 Total $ 38,374 $ 255,377 $ 115,003 $ 32,474 $ 9,519 $ 2,766 $ 1,000 $ — $ 454,513 Commercial multifamily: Risk rating Pass $ 31,438 $ 57,659 $ 74,932 $ 77,746 $ 81,066 $ 153,818 $ 20 $ — $ 476,679 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 47 6,479 145 — 6,671 Total $ 31,438 $ 57,659 $ 74,932 $ 77,746 $ 81,113 $ 160,297 $ 165 $ — $ 483,350 Commercial real estate owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 58,327 $ 84,839 $ 104,797 $ 64,693 $ 44,300 $ 169,197 $ 1,194 $ — $ 527,347 Special Mention 535 2,569 1,136 1,009 800 2,579 — — 8,628 Substandard — 1,266 3,597 1,685 1,439 8,451 — — 16,438 Total $ 58,862 $ 88,674 $ 109,530 $ 67,387 $ 46,539 $ 180,227 $ 1,194 $ — $ 552,413 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 180,520 $ 292,386 $ 435,440 $ 223,935 $ 303,221 $ 497,066 $ 15,393 $ — $ 1,947,961 Special Mention — 279 2,068 6,958 11,798 44,961 1,068 — 67,132 Substandard 7,804 3,529 4,235 19,632 2,124 66,651 195 — 104,170 Total $ 188,324 $ 296,194 $ 441,743 $ 250,525 $ 317,143 $ 608,678 $ 16,656 $ — $ 2,119,263 Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 754,260 $ 159,046 $ 205,651 $ 130,985 $ 48,326 $ 148,222 $ 368,769 $ — $ 1,815,259 Special Mention 1,467 5,753 5,267 2,851 1,601 65 12,408 — 29,412 Substandard 7,392 39,822 24,951 7,765 3,504 5,630 9,099 — 98,163 Doubtful — — — — — — 330 — 330 Total $ 763,119 $ 204,621 $ 235,869 $ 141,601 $ 53,431 $ 153,917 $ 390,606 $ — $ 1,943,164 Residential real estate Risk rating Pass $ 150,583 $ 146,142 $ 272,399 $ 320,384 $ 333,159 $ 691,078 $ 3,281 $ — $ 1,917,026 Special Mention 384 — 454 1,430 — 362 — — 2,630 Substandard 991 39 703 902 417 8,964 9 — 12,025 Total $ 151,958 $ 146,181 $ 273,556 $ 322,716 $ 333,576 $ 700,404 $ 3,290 $ — $ 1,931,681 For home equity and consumer other loan portfolio segments, Berkshire evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. The performing or nonperforming status is updated on an ongoing basis dependent upon improvement and deterioration in credit quality. The following table presents the amortized cost based on payment activity: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of March 31, 2021 Home equity: Payment performance Performing $ 703 $ 2,623 $ 1,469 $ 309 $ 1,829 $ 2,234 $ 267,103 $ — $ 276,270 Nonperforming — — — — — — 2,747 — 2,747 Total $ 703 $ 2,623 $ 1,469 $ 309 $ 1,829 $ 2,234 $ 269,850 $ — $ 279,017 Consumer other: Payment performance Performing $ 4,870 $ 14,084 $ 30,924 $ 87,205 $ 57,753 $ 54,399 $ 7,965 $ — $ 257,200 Nonperforming — 69 381 1,325 1,457 1,619 10 — 4,861 Total $ 4,870 $ 14,153 $ 31,305 $ 88,530 $ 59,210 $ 56,018 $ 7,975 $ — $ 262,061 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of December 31, 2020 Home equity: Payment performance Performing $ 2,445 $ 1,960 $ 316 $ 1,859 $ 499 $ 1,882 $ 282,123 $ — $ 291,084 Nonperforming — — 1 — — — 2,896 — 2,897 Total $ 2,445 $ 1,960 $ 317 $ 1,859 $ 499 $ 1,882 $ 285,019 $ — $ 293,981 Consumer other: Payment performance Performing $ 15,193 $ 35,317 $ 101,730 $ 69,366 $ 35,421 $ 31,327 $ 9,339 $ — $ 297,693 Nonperforming 39 316 1,511 1,599 1,585 407 4 — 5,461 Total $ 15,232 $ 35,633 $ 103,241 $ 70,965 $ 37,006 $ 31,734 $ 9,343 $ — $ 303,154 The following is a summary of loans by past due status at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020: (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans March 31, 2021 Construction $ 3,988 $ — $ — $ 3,988 $ 450,400 $ 454,388 Commercial multifamily — — 4,068 4,068 479,578 483,646 Commercial real estate owner occupied 6,174 487 4,610 11,271 545,015 556,286 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 703 — 21,790 22,493 2,107,079 2,129,572 Commercial and industrial 9,479 1,540 9,486 20,505 1,698,799 1,719,304 Residential real estate 2,990 1,098 14,476 18,564 1,755,940 1,774,504 Home equity 647 159 2,747 3,553 275,464 279,017 Consumer other 1,052 248 4,764 6,064 255,997 262,061 Total $ 25,033 $ 3,532 $ 61,941 $ 90,506 $ 7,568,272 $ 7,658,778 (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans December 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 454,513 $ 454,513 Commercial multifamily — — 757 757 482,593 483,350 Commercial real estate owner occupied 809 631 4,894 6,334 546,079 552,413 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 315 168 38,389 38,872 2,080,391 2,119,263 Commercial and industrial 3,016 3,259 12,982 19,257 1,923,907 1,943,164 Residential real estate 2,068 2,630 11,115 15,813 1,915,868 1,931,681 Home equity 244 284 2,897 3,425 290,556 293,981 Consumer other 2,109 777 5,364 8,250 294,904 303,154 Total $ 8,561 $ 7,749 $ 76,398 $ 92,708 $ 7,988,811 $ 8,081,519 The following is a summary of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020: (In thousands) Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual At or for the three months ended March 31, 2021 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 4,068 4,068 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,232 1,832 378 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 18,856 11,691 2,934 — Commercial and industrial 9,364 3,005 122 — Residential real estate 11,941 7,419 2,535 — Home equity 2,599 211 148 — Consumer other 4,757 8 7 — Total $ 55,817 $ 28,234 $ 6,124 $ — The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of March 31, 2021 included medallion loans with a fair value of $1.4 million and a contractual balance of $45.0 million. (In thousands) Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual At or for the three months ended December 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 757 591 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,509 2,290 385 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 29,572 13,912 8,817 — Commercial and industrial 12,441 4,725 541 — Residential real estate 9,711 5,739 1,404 — Home equity 2,654 159 243 — Consumer other 5,304 2 60 — Total $ 64,948 $ 27,418 $ 11,450 $ — The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of December 31, 2020 included medallion loans with a fair value of $2.3 million and a contractual balance of $53.9 million. The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified as performing based on payment activity. (In thousands) March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Non-Accrual $ 55,817 $ 64,948 Substandard Accruing 179,150 185,207 Total Classified 234,967 250,155 Special Mention 121,437 109,299 Total Criticized $ 356,404 $ 359,454 A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment: Type of Collateral (In thousands) Real Estate Investment Securities/Cash Other March 31, 2021 Construction $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 4,070 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 5,351 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 20,805 — — Commercial and industrial 1,361 18 977 Residential real estate 7,048 — — Home equity 198 — — Consumer other 34 — — Total loans $ 38,867 $ 18 $ 977 December 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 591 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 5,714 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 30,950 — — Commercial and industrial 973 36 3,758 Residential real estate 5,081 — — Home equity 145 — — Consumer other 51 — — Total loans $ 43,505 $ 36 $ 3,758 Troubled Debt Restructuring Loans The Company’s loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment and may result in a specific allowance amount allocated to an individual loan. The following table presents activity in TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020: (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Principal Payments TDR Status Change Other Additions/(Reductions) Newly Identified TDRs Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2021 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 754 (13) — — — 741 Commercial real estate owner occupied 1,731 (6) — — — 1,725 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 13,684 (14) — 511 544 14,725 Commercial and industrial 2,686 (199) — — 146 2,633 Residential real estate 1,524 (31) — — — 1,493 Home equity 133 (3) — — — 130 Consumer other 36 (2) — — — 34 Total $ 20,548 $ (268) $ — $ 511 $ 690 $ 21,481 (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Principal Payments TDR Status Change Other Additions/(Reductions) Newly Identified TDRs Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2020 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 793 (14) — — — 779 Commercial real estate owner occupied 13,331 (5,693) — — — 7,638 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,373 — — — — 1,373 Commercial and industrial 1,449 (37) — — 902 2,314 Residential real estate 2,045 (22) — — — 2,023 Home equity 277 1 — — — 278 Consumer other 48 (4) — — — 44 Total $ 19,316 $ (5,769) $ — $ — $ 902 $ 14,449 The following table presents loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020: (dollars in thousands) Total Three months ended March 31, 2021 TDR: Number of loans 4 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 690 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 690 Three months ended March 31, 2020 TDR: Number of loans 3 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 902 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 902 There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020. Beginning in March 2020, the Company has offered three-month payment deferrals for customers with a current payment status who were negatively impacted by economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to Note 10 - Other Commitments, Contingencies, and Off-Balance Sheet Activities for more information regarding these modifications. |