LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following is a summary of total loans by regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types: (In thousands) March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Construction $ 310,778 $ 324,282 Commercial multifamily 640,922 515,817 Commercial real estate owner occupied 609,526 606,477 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,207,124 2,156,929 Commercial and industrial 1,350,752 1,284,429 Residential real estate 1,665,304 1,489,248 Home equity 244,649 252,366 Consumer other 238,268 196,299 Total loans $ 7,267,323 $ 6,825,847 Allowance for credit losses 99,475 106,094 Net loans $ 7,167,848 $ 6,719,753 As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, outstanding loans originated under the Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") totaled $15.6 million and $29.9 million, respectively. These loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and the full principal amount of the loan may qualify for forgiveness. These loans are included in commercial and industrial. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no loans reclassified to held for sale. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company reclassified $9.5 million of commercial loans to held for sale, reflecting its intent to sell these loans. Held for sale loans are not contained in the balances within this note and are accounted for at the lower of carrying value or fair market value within loans held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Construction - Loans in this segment primarily include real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale of the property or long term financing at completion. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions. Commercial real estate multifamily, owner occupied and non-owner - Loans in these segments are primarily owner-occupied or income-producing properties throughout New England and Northeastern New York. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management monitors the cash flows of these loans. Commercial and industrial loans - Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business such as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, other liquid collateral, equipment and other business assets. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. Loans in this segment include asset based loans which generally have no scheduled repayment and which are closely monitored against formula based collateral advance ratios. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Residential real estate - All loans in this segment are collateralized by residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Home equity and other consumer loans - Loans in this segment are primarily home equity lines of credit, automobile loans and other consumer loans. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans The Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans (“ACLL”) is comprised of the allowance for loan losses, and the allowance for unfunded commitments is accounted for as a separate liability in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the balance sheet date. The Company uses a static pool migration analysis method, applying expected historical loss trend and observed economic metrics. The level of the ACLL is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past and current events, utilizing a 7 quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period with a 1 year reversion period. The ACLL reserve is overlaid with qualitative factors based upon: • the existence and growth of concentrations of credit; • the volume and severity of past due financial assets, including nonaccrual assets; • the institutions lending and credit review as well as the experience and ability of relevant management and staff and; • the effect of other external factors such as regulatory, competition, regional market conditions, legal and technological environment and other events such as natural disasters; • the effect of other economic factors such as economic stimulus and customer forbearance programs. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level by the Company to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 was as follows: (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2022 Construction $ 3,206 $ — $ — $ (701) $ 2,505 Commercial multifamily 6,120 — — (349) 5,771 Commercial real estate owner occupied 12,752 (130) 209 (1,333) 11,498 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 32,106 (4,884) 1,266 (2,674) 25,814 Commercial and industrial 22,584 (653) 1,288 (270) 22,949 Residential real estate 22,406 (164) 388 (4,814) 17,816 Home equity 4,006 — 134 (837) 3,303 Consumer other 2,914 (216) 137 6,984 9,819 Total allowance for credit losses $ 106,094 $ (6,047) $ 3,422 $ (3,994) $ 99,475 (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for Credit Losses Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2021 Construction $ 5,111 $ — $ — $ (714) $ 4,397 Commercial multifamily 5,916 (124) 62 497 6,351 Commercial real estate owner occupied 12,380 (376) 12 2,241 14,257 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 35,850 (6,658) 126 5,243 34,561 Commercial and industrial 25,013 (3,320) 644 3,734 26,071 Residential real estate 28,491 (377) 437 (2,751) 25,800 Home equity 6,482 (77) 24 (680) 5,749 Consumer other 8,059 (528) 160 (1,077) 6,614 Total allowance for credit losses $ 127,302 $ (11,460) $ 1,465 $ 6,493 $ 123,800 The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liability on consolidated balance sheet), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statement of income. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 was as follows: Three Months Ended (In thousands) 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 7,043 $ 7,629 Expense for credit losses — 200 Balance at end of period $ 7,043 $ 7,829 Credit Quality Information The Company monitors the credit quality of its portfolio by using internal risk ratings that are based on regulatory guidance. Loans that are given a Pass rating are not considered a problem credit. Loans that are classified as Special Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses and are evaluated closely by management. Substandard, including non-accruing loans, are loans for which a definitive weakness has been identified and which may make full collection of contractual cash flows questionable. Doubtful loans are those with identified weaknesses that make full collection of contractual cash flows, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. For commercial credits, the Company assigns an internal risk rating at origination and reviews the rating annual, semiannually, or quarterly depending on the risk rating. The rating is also reassessed at any point in time when management becomes aware of information that may affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill their obligations. The Company risk rates its residential mortgages, including 1-4 family and residential construction loans, based on a three rating system: Pass, Special Mention, and Substandard. Loans that are current within 59 days are rated Pass. Residential mortgages that are 60-89 days delinquent are rated Special Mention. Loans delinquent for 90 days or greater are rated Substandard and generally placed on non-accrual status. The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk category: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of March 31, 2022 Construction Risk rating Pass $ 23,309 $ 101,236 $ 28,394 $ 90,605 $ 33,505 $ 4,932 $ 49 $ — $ 282,030 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 28,748 — — — 28,748 Total $ 23,309 $ 101,236 $ 28,394 $ 90,605 $ 62,253 $ 4,932 $ 49 $ — $ 310,778 Commercial multifamily: Risk rating Pass $ 125,302 $ 63,610 $ 28,023 $ 119,128 $ 69,248 $ 225,003 $ 769 $ — $ 631,083 Special Mention — — 2,682 — 5,578 — — — 8,260 Substandard — — — — — 1,445 134 — 1,579 Total $ 125,302 $ 63,610 $ 30,705 $ 119,128 $ 74,826 $ 226,448 $ 903 $ — $ 640,922 Commercial real estate owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 26,695 $ 147,396 $ 49,844 $ 85,077 $ 87,214 $ 195,950 $ 3,344 $ — $ 595,520 Special Mention — — 396 1,609 262 1,395 — — 3,662 Substandard — — 116 856 1,576 7,796 — — 10,344 Total $ 26,695 $ 147,396 $ 50,356 $ 87,542 $ 89,052 $ 205,141 $ 3,344 $ — $ 609,526 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 228,720 $ 425,619 $ 169,251 $ 260,590 $ 333,773 $ 667,716 $ 18,161 $ — $ 2,103,830 Special Mention — — — 11,119 13,737 29,310 — — 54,166 Substandard — — 7,504 — 3,066 38,459 99 — 49,128 Total $ 228,720 $ 425,619 $ 176,755 $ 271,709 $ 350,576 $ 735,485 $ 18,260 $ — $ 2,207,124 Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 76,088 $ 182,930 $ 110,615 $ 93,214 $ 132,957 $ 167,828 $ 519,051 $ — $ 1,282,683 Special Mention — — 1,296 9,857 3,157 1,244 19,264 — 34,818 Substandard — 465 2,416 8,128 2,781 4,285 14,949 — 33,024 Doubtful — — — — — 14 213 — 227 Total $ 76,088 $ 183,395 $ 114,327 $ 111,199 $ 138,895 $ 173,371 $ 553,477 $ — $ 1,350,752 Residential real estate Risk rating Pass $ 225,079 $ 259,363 $ 107,629 $ 81,674 $ 153,406 $ 820,956 $ 291 $ — $ 1,648,398 Special Mention — — 328 — — 499 — — 827 Substandard — 854 13 425 2,031 12,756 — — 16,079 Total $ 225,079 $ 260,217 $ 107,970 $ 82,099 $ 155,437 $ 834,211 $ 291 $ — $ 1,665,304 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of December 31, 2021 Construction Risk rating Pass $ 71,784 $ 52,725 $ 117,784 $ 66,950 $ 3,839 $ 1,721 $ 50 $ — $ 314,853 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 9,429 — — — — 9,429 Total $ 71,784 $ 52,725 $ 117,784 $ 76,379 $ 3,839 $ 1,721 $ 50 $ — $ 324,282 Commercial multifamily: Risk rating Pass $ 63,630 $ 28,172 $ 98,455 $ 59,720 $ 76,699 $ 176,020 $ 457 $ — $ 503,153 Special Mention — 2,700 — 5,598 — — — — 8,298 Substandard — — — — — 4,230 136 — 4,366 Total $ 63,630 $ 30,872 $ 98,455 $ 65,318 $ 76,699 $ 180,250 $ 593 $ — $ 515,817 Commercial real estate owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 154,434 $ 50,236 $ 85,687 $ 91,316 $ 45,995 $ 157,346 $ 3,206 $ — $ 588,220 Special Mention — 525 869 1,668 1,405 1,157 — — 5,624 Substandard — — 2,113 1,593 838 8,089 — — 12,633 Total $ 154,434 $ 50,761 $ 88,669 $ 94,577 $ 48,238 $ 166,592 $ 3,206 $ — $ 606,477 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Risk rating Pass $ 426,086 $ 176,172 $ 296,985 $ 349,947 $ 204,043 $ 585,044 $ 19,511 $ — $ 2,057,788 Special Mention — 221 3,472 7,632 2,302 27,268 — — 40,895 Substandard — 7,588 — 2,784 33,472 14,303 99 — 58,246 Total $ 426,086 $ 183,981 $ 300,457 $ 360,363 $ 239,817 $ 626,615 $ 19,610 $ — $ 2,156,929 Commercial and industrial: Risk rating Pass $ 187,257 $ 130,520 $ 114,153 $ 156,443 $ 54,190 $ 136,837 $ 424,393 $ — $ 1,203,793 Special Mention 661 1,691 10,824 5,092 1,433 488 22,468 — 42,657 Substandard 211 2,494 9,609 3,145 2,020 2,330 17,935 — 37,744 Doubtful — — — — — 15 220 — 235 Total $ 188,129 $ 134,705 $ 134,586 $ 164,680 $ 57,643 $ 139,670 $ 465,016 $ — $ 1,284,429 Residential real estate Risk rating Pass $ 214,306 $ 114,536 $ 86,997 $ 169,537 $ 189,980 $ 697,401 $ 293 $ — $ 1,473,050 Special Mention — — — 120 502 1,557 — — 2,179 Substandard 1,239 — 142 1,849 2,161 8,628 — — 14,019 Total $ 215,545 $ 114,536 $ 87,139 $ 171,506 $ 192,643 $ 707,586 $ 293 $ — $ 1,489,248 For home equity and consumer other loan portfolio segments, Berkshire evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. The performing or nonperforming status is updated on an ongoing basis dependent upon improvement and deterioration in credit quality. The following table presents the amortized cost based on payment activity: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of March 31, 2022 Home equity: Payment performance Performing $ — $ 122 $ 464 $ — $ — $ 22 $ 242,052 $ — $ 242,660 Nonperforming — — — — — — 1,989 — 1,989 Total $ — $ 122 $ 464 $ — $ — $ 22 $ 244,041 $ — $ 244,649 Consumer other: Payment performance Performing $ 68,740 $ 35,602 $ 10,303 $ 18,878 $ 48,084 $ 47,445 $ 6,902 $ — $ 235,954 Nonperforming — 92 39 263 733 1,167 20 — 2,314 Total $ 68,740 $ 35,694 $ 10,342 $ 19,141 $ 48,817 $ 48,612 $ 6,922 $ — $ 238,268 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total As of December 31, 2021 Home equity: Payment performance Performing $ 125 $ 469 $ — $ — $ — $ 24 $ 249,590 $ — $ 250,208 Nonperforming — — — — — — 2,158 — 2,158 Total $ 125 $ 469 $ — $ — $ — $ 24 $ 251,748 $ — $ 252,366 Consumer other: Payment performance Performing $ 37,994 $ 11,189 $ 21,548 $ 55,577 $ 30,632 $ 28,797 $ 7,505 $ — $ 193,242 Nonperforming 8 46 290 797 746 1,139 31 — 3,057 Total $ 38,002 $ 11,235 $ 21,838 $ 56,374 $ 31,378 $ 29,936 $ 7,536 $ — $ 196,299 The following is a summary of loans by past due status at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans March 31, 2022 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 310,778 $ 310,778 Commercial multifamily — — 182 182 640,740 640,922 Commercial real estate owner occupied 225 — 4,263 4,488 605,038 609,526 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,342 26 4,923 7,291 2,199,833 2,207,124 Commercial and industrial 3,979 476 7,450 11,905 1,338,847 1,350,752 Residential real estate 3,821 828 15,263 19,912 1,645,392 1,665,304 Home equity 188 70 1,989 2,247 242,402 244,649 Consumer other 1,366 198 2,224 3,788 234,480 238,268 Total $ 11,921 $ 1,598 $ 36,294 $ 49,813 $ 7,217,510 $ 7,267,323 (In thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans December 31, 2021 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 324,282 $ 324,282 Commercial multifamily 82 306 187 575 515,242 515,817 Commercial real estate owner occupied — 400 4,221 4,621 601,856 606,477 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 25,420 653 9,049 35,122 2,121,807 2,156,929 Commercial and industrial 2,700 709 6,836 10,245 1,274,184 1,284,429 Residential real estate 5,529 2,015 13,264 20,808 1,468,440 1,489,248 Home equity 258 108 2,158 2,524 249,842 252,366 Consumer other 1,363 320 2,882 4,565 191,734 196,299 Total $ 35,352 $ 4,511 $ 38,597 $ 78,460 $ 6,747,387 $ 6,825,847 The following is a summary of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (In thousands) Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual At or for the three months ended March 31, 2022 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 182 182 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 3,726 2,477 537 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 4,751 94 172 — Commercial and industrial 5,619 746 1,831 — Residential real estate 11,678 6,946 3,585 — Home equity 1,719 132 270 — Consumer other 2,006 4 218 — Total $ 29,681 $ 10,581 $ 6,613 $ — The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of March 31, 2022 included medallion loans with a fair value of $1.2 million and a contractual balance of $23.1 million. (In thousands) Nonaccrual Amortized Cost Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual At or for the three months ended December 31, 2021 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 187 187 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,221 2,413 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 8,877 8,412 172 — Commercial and industrial 6,747 1,506 89 — Residential real estate 10,698 6,511 2,566 — Home equity 1,901 141 257 — Consumer other 2,695 4 187 — Total $ 35,326 $ 19,174 $ 3,271 $ — The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of December 31, 2021 included medallion loans with a fair value of $1.2 million and a contractual balance of $31.4 million. The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are classified as performing based on payment activity. (In thousands) March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Non-Accrual $ 29,681 $ 35,326 Substandard Accruing 113,755 106,560 Total Classified 143,436 141,886 Special Mention 101,992 100,071 Total Criticized $ 245,428 $ 241,957 A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment: Type of Collateral (In thousands) Real Estate Investment Securities/Cash Other March 31, 2022 Construction $ 9,429 $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 184 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 3,628 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 5,481 — — Commercial and industrial 623 — 1,040 Residential real estate 6,563 — — Home equity 253 — — Consumer other 6 — — Total loans $ 26,167 $ — $ 1,040 December 31, 2021 Construction $ 9,429 $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 188 — — Commercial real estate owner occupied 4,466 — — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 9,501 — — Commercial and industrial 526 — 1,040 Residential real estate 7,035 — — Home equity 262 — — Consumer other 2 — — Total loans $ 31,409 $ — $ 1,040 Troubled Debt Restructuring Loans The Company’s loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment and may result in a specific allowance amount allocated to an individual loan. The following table presents activity in TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021: (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Principal Payments TDR Status Change Other Additions/(Reductions) Newly Identified TDRs Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2022 Construction $ 9,429 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9,429 Commercial multifamily 703 (9) — — — 694 Commercial real estate owner occupied 2,733 (9) — — — 2,724 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 9,310 — — (8,312) — 998 Commercial and industrial 3,656 (51) — (13) — 3,592 Residential real estate 1,117 (8) — — — 1,109 Home equity 121 (2) — — 50 169 Consumer other 33 (1) — — — 32 Total $ 27,102 $ (80) $ — $ (8,325) $ 50 $ 18,747 (In thousands) Balance at Beginning of Period Principal Payments TDR Status Change Other Additions/(Reductions) Newly Identified TDRs Balance at End of Period Three months ended March 31, 2021 Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial multifamily 754 (13) — — — 741 Commercial real estate owner occupied 1,731 (6) — — — 1,725 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 13,684 (14) — 511 544 14,725 Commercial and industrial 2,686 (199) — — 146 2,633 Residential real estate 1,524 (31) — — — 1,493 Home equity 133 (3) — — — 130 Consumer other 36 (2) — — — 34 Total $ 20,548 $ (268) $ — $ 511 $ 690 $ 21,481 The following table presents loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: (dollars in thousands) Total Three months ended March 31, 2022 TDR: Number of loans 1 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 50 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 50 Three months ended March 31, 2021 TDR: Number of loans 4 Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 690 Post-modification outstanding recorded investment $ 690 The following table presents loans by portfolio segment modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three months ended March 31, 2022: (in thousands) Number of Loans Recorded Investment Three months ended March 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial 1 $ 105 Total 1 $ 105 There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Beginning in March 2020, the Company has offered three-month payment deferrals for customers with a current payment status who were negatively impacted by economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to Note 9 - Other Commitments, Contingencies, and Off-Balance Sheet Activities, and Pandemic Impact for more information regarding these modifications. |