UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 0-31049
TradeStation Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Florida | 65-0977576 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
8050 S.W. 10th Street, Suite 4000, Plantation, Florida | 33324 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
954-652-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The registrant had 44,573,503 shares of common stock, $.01 par value, outstanding as of May 4, 2007.
TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | |||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||
ASSETS: | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of $1,433,569 at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 | $ | 94,547,533 | $ | 74,539,256 | ||
Cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations | 447,470,466 | 417,501,417 | ||||
Marketable securities | 9,322,297 | 9,322,297 | ||||
Receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents | 41,185,202 | 34,866,825 | ||||
Receivables from brokerage customers | 70,756,214 | 77,021,893 | ||||
Property and equipment, net | 8,399,197 | 8,734,890 | ||||
Deferred income taxes, net | 1,854,523 | 1,970,047 | ||||
Deposits with clearing organizations | 20,294,696 | 20,180,361 | ||||
Other assets | 5,928,414 | 4,950,427 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 699,758,542 | $ | 649,087,413 | ||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||
LIABILITIES: | ||||||
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations | $ | 7,226,827 | $ | 4,444,956 | ||
Payables to brokerage customers | 555,005,327 | 516,355,890 | ||||
Accounts payable | 2,530,476 | 2,846,669 | ||||
Accrued expenses | 10,902,042 | 7,235,023 | ||||
Total liabilities | 575,664,672 | 530,882,538 | ||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding | — | — | ||||
Common stock, $.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 44,512,439 and 44,680,397 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively | 445,124 | 446,804 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital | 69,883,563 | 72,188,245 | ||||
Retained earnings | 53,765,183 | 45,569,826 | ||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 124,093,870 | 118,204,875 | ||||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 699,758,542 | $ | 649,087,413 | ||
See accompanying notes.
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TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Revenues: | ||||||
Brokerage commissions and fees | $ | 22,287,705 | $ | 18,632,433 | ||
Interest income | 11,965,727 | 9,503,841 | ||||
Brokerage interest expense | 1,193,786 | 1,098,810 | ||||
Net interest income | 10,771,941 | 8,405,031 | ||||
Subscription fees and other | 2,270,977 | 2,347,215 | ||||
Net revenues | 35,330,623 | 29,384,679 | ||||
Expenses: | ||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 8,451,017 | 6,966,771 | ||||
Clearing and execution | 7,122,914 | 5,827,683 | ||||
Data centers and communications | 1,673,999 | 1,530,803 | ||||
Advertising | 1,085,569 | 956,617 | ||||
Professional services | 1,158,827 | 758,560 | ||||
Occupancy and equipment | 696,627 | 622,162 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 998,929 | 482,611 | ||||
Other | 944,513 | 780,370 | ||||
Total expenses | 22,132,395 | 17,925,577 | ||||
Income before income taxes | 13,198,228 | 11,459,102 | ||||
Income tax provision | 5,002,871 | 4,507,231 | ||||
Net income | $ | 8,195,357 | $ | 6,951,871 | ||
Earnings per share: | ||||||
Basic | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.16 | ||
Diluted | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.15 | ||
Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||
Basic | 44,590,076 | 44,319,210 | ||||
Diluted | 45,708,564 | 45,922,914 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
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TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 8,195,357 | $ | 6,951,871 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 998,929 | 482,611 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 669,545 | 400,000 | ||||||
Deferred income tax provision | 115,524 | 325,009 | ||||||
Recovery of credit losses | — | (225,588 | ) | |||||
(Increase) decrease in: | ||||||||
Cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations | (29,969,049 | ) | (26,006,575 | ) | ||||
Receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents | (6,318,377 | ) | 7,764,001 | |||||
Receivables from brokerage customers | 6,265,679 | (11,706,820 | ) | |||||
Deposits with clearing organizations | (114,335 | ) | 11,160 | |||||
Other assets | (977,987 | ) | (854,511 | ) | ||||
Increase (decrease) in: | ||||||||
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations | 2,781,871 | 1,050,352 | ||||||
Payables to brokerage customers | 38,649,437 | 3,830,970 | ||||||
Accounts payable | (316,193 | ) | (226,748 | ) | ||||
Accrued expenses | 3,653,019 | 2,462,423 | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 23,633,420 | (15,741,845 | ) | |||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (663,236 | ) | (986,756 | ) | ||||
Investment in clearing organizations | — | (22,297 | ) | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (663,236 | ) | (1,009,053 | ) | ||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 443,583 | 1,224,976 | ||||||
Excess tax benefits from stock option exercises | 343,860 | 1,238,469 | ||||||
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (3,749,350 | ) | — | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (2,961,907 | ) | 2,463,445 | |||||
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | — | 11,700 | ||||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN UNRESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 20,008,277 | (14,275,753 | ) | |||||
UNRESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | 73,105,687 | 73,429,345 | ||||||
UNRESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | $ | 93,113,964 | $ | 59,153,592 | ||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 1,191,566 | $ | 1,098,810 | ||||
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | — | $ | 206,000 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
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TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(All notes and related disclosures applicable to the
three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 are unaudited)
(1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
TradeStation Group, Inc. (“TradeStation Group” or the “Company”) is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “TRAD.” TradeStation Securities, Inc., TradeStation Technologies, Inc., and TradeStation Europe Limited are TradeStation Group’s operating subsidiaries. TradeStation Securities is an online securities broker-dealer and futures commission merchant. TradeStation Technologies develops and offers strategy trading software tools and subscription services. TradeStation Europe Limited, a United Kingdom private company, is authorized and regulated by the U.K. Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) as an introducing broker.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group for the year ended December 31, 2006. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2007 and the consolidated results of operations and cash flows for each of the periods presented have been recorded. The results of operations and cash flows for an interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or cash flows that may be reported for the year or for any subsequent period.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”), effective January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also prescribes guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Previously, the Company had accounted for tax contingencies in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. As required by FIN 48, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. At the adoption date, the Company applied FIN 48 to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open. The adoption of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 did not require any cumulative effect adjustments to beginning retained earnings and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Note 11 – INCOME TAXES for additional discussion of income taxes.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement addresses how to calculate fair value measurements required or permitted under other accounting pronouncements.
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SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim statements within those years. The Company believes that the adoption of SFAS No. 157, effective January 1, 2008, will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. SFAS No. 159 allows entities to voluntarily choose, at specified election dates, to measure many financial instruments and certain other items that are similar to financial instruments. The election is made on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, the statement specifies that all subsequent changes in fair value for that instrument shall be reported in earnings. The statement is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. Management has not yet determined what the impact, if any, that the adoption of SFAS No. 159, effective January 1, 2008, will be on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
(2) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock Compensation
The Company records stock-based compensation expense for employee services based upon the grant-date fair value of those awards in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004),Share-Based Payment(“SFAS 123R”). The Company currently uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the market price of the stock, exercise price of an award, expected term of award, volatility of the stock over the term of the award, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. Separate assumptions are used for employee officer options and other employee options (both of which vest over a five-year period) and non-employee director options (which vest over a three-year period). The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model is as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Risk free interest rate | 5 | % | 4 | % | ||
Volatility ranges | 60 - 65 | % | 75 | % | ||
Weighted-average volatility | 63 | % | 75 | % | ||
Weighted-average life (years) | 4.9 – 6.0 | 5.8 |
In accordance with SFAS 123R, the Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures is used, and stock-based compensation expense is recorded only for those awards that are expected to vest. All stock-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense, primarily related to the issuance of stock options, of $670,000 ($524,000 net of tax) and $400,000 ($379,000 net of tax), respectively.
Stock Based Awards
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 372,350 shares of common stock with a weighted-average grant-date Black-Scholes fair value of $7.68 per share. Such options vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period and are exercisable at $12.43 or $13.12 per share, which were the closing prices of the Company’s stock on the
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dates the options were granted. The Company also issued 152,439 restricted shares of common stock to Salomon Sredni, the Chief Executive Officer, in connection with and at the time of his promotion to that position in February 2007. The restricted shares, which had a fair market value of $2.0 million on the grant date, were granted as a stock award under the Company’s incentive stock plan and vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period. If Mr. Sredni’s employment terminates prior to full vesting (other than by reason of death or disability), he will automatically forfeit, and the Company will reacquire, the unvested shares for no consideration. Vesting accelerates 100%, automatically, in the event of Mr. Sredni’s death or disability or a change in control of the Company.
During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate 239,240 shares of common stock with a weighted-average grant-date Black-Scholes fair value of $10.97 per share.
(3) EARNINGS PER SHARE
Weighted average shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 are calculated as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||
2007 | 2006 | |||
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic) | 44,590,076 | 44,319,210 | ||
Impact of dilutive stock options after applying the treasury stock method | 1,118,488 | 1,603,704 | ||
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted) | 45,708,564 | 45,922,914 | ||
Stock options and non-vested restricted shares of common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, which were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their weighted average effect would have been anti-dilutive, are as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||
2007 | 2006 | |||
Stock options | 666,295 | 242,000 | ||
Restricted shares of common stock (non-vested) | 152,439 | — | ||
(4) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in a business enterprise’s equity during a period arising from transactions, events or circumstances relating to non-owner sources, such as unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by, or distributions to, owners. A reconciliation of net income to comprehensive income is as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||
Net income | $ | 8,195,357 | $ | 6,951,871 | ||
Foreign currency translation | — | 11,700 | ||||
Comprehensive income | $ | 8,195,357 | $ | 6,963,571 | ||
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(5) CASH SEGREGATED IN COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations, consisting primarily of interest-bearing cash deposits of $447.5 million and $417.5 million as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, have been segregated in special reserve bank accounts at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. or one of its banking affiliates for the exclusive benefit of customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and other regulations. On the second business day of each month, if required, this amount is adjusted based upon the month-end calculation. On April 3, 2007, cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations increased by $1.8 million, from $447.5 million (the balance as of March 31, 2007) to $449.3 million. Conversely, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $1.8 million on April 3, 2007. On January 3, 2007, cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations decreased by $7.6 million, from $417.5 million (the balance as of December 31, 2006) to $409.9 million. Conversely, cash and cash equivalents increased by $7.6 million on January 3, 2007.
(6) RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS
Receivables from brokerage customers consist primarily of margin loans to TradeStation Securities’ brokerage customers of approximately $70.8 million and $77.0 million at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. Securities owned by brokerage customers are held as collateral for margin loans. Such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, TradeStation Securities was charging a base margin debit interest rate of 8.25% per annum on debit balances in equities brokerage customer accounts.
“Margin” requirements determine the amount of equity required to be held in an account for the purchase of equities on credit. Margin lending is subject to the margin rules of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the margin requirements of the NASD, limits imposed by clearing agent firms, and TradeStation Securities’ own internal policies. By permitting customers to purchase and maintain securities positions on margin, TradeStation Securities takes the risk that a market decline will reduce the value of the collateral securing its margin loan to an amount that renders the margin loan unsecured. Under applicable securities laws and regulations, once a margin account has been established, TradeStation Securities is obligated to require from the customer initial margin of no lower than 50% for purchases of securities and then is obligated to require the customer to maintain its equity in the account equal to at least 25% of the value of the securities in the account. However, TradeStation Securities’ current internal requirement is that the customer’s equity not be allowed to fall below 35% of the value of the securities in the account. If it does fall below 35%, TradeStation Securities requires the customer to increase the account’s equity to 35% of the value of the securities in the account (if not, TradeStation Securities will perform closing transactions to bring the customer account above the maintenance requirement). These requirements can be, and often are, raised as TradeStation Securities deems necessary for certain accounts, groups of accounts, securities or groups of securities. However, there is no assurance that a customer will be willing or able to satisfy a margin call or pay unsecured indebtedness owed to TradeStation Securities.
(7) RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERS, DEALERS, CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS AND CLEARING AGENTS
Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents consist of the following as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
March 31, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | |||||
Securities borrowed from broker-dealers | $ | 39,331,280 | $ | 33,275,834 | ||
Fees and commissions receivable from clearing agents and other | 1,853,922 | 1,590,991 | ||||
$ | 41,185,202 | $ | 34,866,825 | |||
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Securities borrowed transactions require TradeStation Securities to provide the counterparty with collateral in the form of cash and are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced to the lender. TradeStation Securities monitors the market value of securities borrowed on a daily basis, and collateral is adjusted as necessary based upon market prices. See Note 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES –General Contingencies and Guarantees.
As of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, TradeStation Securities serviced its institutional equities accounts through Bear, Stearns Securities Corp., futures trades were cleared through R.J. O’Brien & Associates and forex trades were cleared through Gain Capital Group, Inc., all on a fully-disclosed basis (Bear, Stearns Securities Corp., R.J. O’Brien & Associates, and Gain Capital Group, Inc. are collectively referred to as “clearing agents” or “clearing agent firms”). These clearing agents provide services, handle TradeStation Securities’ customers’ funds, hold securities, futures and forex positions, and remit monthly activity statements to the customers on behalf of TradeStation Securities.
(8) PAYABLES TO BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS
As of March 31, 2007, payables to brokerage customers consisted primarily of cash balances in brokerage customer accounts. At March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, payables to customers totaled $555.0 million and $516.4 million, respectively. These funds are the principal source of funding for margin lending. At March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, TradeStation Securities was paying interest at the rate of 1.25% per annum on cash balances in excess of $10,000 in equities brokerage customer accounts.
(9) NET CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
TradeStation Securities is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s financial requirement (Regulation 1.17). TradeStation Securities calculates its net capital requirements using the “alternative method,” which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined by the rules, equal to the greater of (i) $250,000 and (ii) 2.0% of aggregate customer debit balances. Customer debit items are a function of customer margin receivables and may fluctuate significantly, resulting in a significant fluctuation in the Company’s net capital requirements. At March 31, 2007, TradeStation Securities had net capital of approximately $60.9 million (50.1% of aggregate debit items), which was approximately $58.5 million in excess of its required net capital of approximately $2.4 million. At December 31, 2006, TradeStation Securities had net capital of approximately $56.1 million (47.4% of aggregate debit items), which was approximately $53.7 million in excess of its required net capital of approximately $2.4 million.
(10) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Restricted Cash
As of March 31, 2007, the Company had $1.4 million of restricted cash supporting a ten-year lease agreement for its corporate headquarters.
Operating Leases
The Company has a ten-year lease expiring in August 2012 (with two 5-year renewal options) that commenced in the summer of 2002 for an approximately 70,000 square foot corporate headquarters in Plantation, Florida. Rent escalations, free rent, and leasehold and other incentives are recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial term of this lease. In addition to its corporate headquarters, the Company has four non-cancelable operating leases for facilities (including 2 data centers) with expirations ranging from July 2007 to February 2011.
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Future minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2007 under all operating leases are as follows:
2007 | $ | 2,685,636 | |
2008 | 2,668,799 | ||
2009 | 2,259,330 | ||
2010 | 2,302,500 | ||
2011 | 2,144,635 | ||
Thereafter | 1,420,814 | ||
$ | 13,481,714 | ||
During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, total rent expense (which is included in occupancy and equipment and data centers and communications in the accompanying consolidated statements of income) was approximately $1.0 million and $852,000, respectively.
Purchase Obligations
As of March 31, 2007, the Company had various purchase obligations through September 2010 of approximately $2.0 million, $707,000, $574,000 and $76,000 during 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively, related primarily to back office systems and telecommunications services.
Litigation and Claims
As of March 31, 2007, there were two lawsuits by former principal owners of onlinetradinginc.com corp. (the predecessor of TradeStation Securities) pending against the Company, certain of its directors and executive officers and certain family partnerships owned by the Company’s two former Co-Chief Executive Officers. On August 18, 2003, Andrew A. Allen Family Limited Partnership (owned and controlled by Andrew A. Allen), from whom the Company, as of November 26, 2002, purchased 1,000,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction, filed a lawsuit against the Company and three of its then executive officers, William R. Cruz, Ralph L. Cruz and Marc J. Stone, in the Circuit Court of Broward County, State of Florida. This lawsuit’s allegations included violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation and fraudulent inducement. On August 28, 2003, Farshid Tafazzoli and E. Steven zum Tobel filed a lawsuit against the Company, William and Ralph Cruz, family partnerships owned and controlled by William and Ralph Cruz, Mr. Stone, Charles Wright and David Fleischman in the Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, State of Florida. Mr. Tafazzoli’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 1, 2002, of 3,000,000 shares of Company common stock to family partnerships owned by William and Ralph Cruz, and Mr. zum Tobel’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 3, 2002, of 133,942 shares of Company common stock to Charles Wright. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. Each of the two lawsuits has sought rescission of the share purchases and/or compensatory damages, plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees.
On May 4, 2007, in the Allen case, a directed verdict in favor of all defendants was entered with respect to all claims other than the ones under the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, and on May 7, 2007 a jury verdict in favor of all defendants was awarded with respect to those claims. Subject to appeal by the plaintiff, this matter is now concluded with no liability to the Company.
The Tafazzoli/zum Tobel case is well into the discovery phase of litigation, court-ordered mediation has been scheduled for July 2007, and a trial has been scheduled for January 2008. The Company continues to believe all of the claims in this case are baseless; however, no assurances can be given that a judge or jury will agree with the Company’s assessment.
TradeStation Securities is also engaged in routine regulatory matters and civil litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings, including matters which are currently pending relating to NASD OATS
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reporting, short sales procedures and short interest reporting, and two pending NASD arbitrations, incidental to, and part of the ordinary course of, its business. The NASD regulatory matters could ultimately result in censures, sanctions, fines and other negative consequences.
While no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe that the ultimate outcome of any of the above legal matters or claims will result in a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company decided, as of June 1, 2002, to no longer carry errors or omissions insurance that covers third-party claims made by brokerage customers or software subscribers as a result of alleged human or system errors, failures, acts or omissions. This decision was made based upon the Company’s assessment of the potential risks and benefits, including significant increases in premium rates, deductibles and coinsurance amounts, reductions in available per occurrence and aggregate coverage amounts, and the unavailability of policies that sufficiently cover the types of risks that relate to the Company’s business. The Company recently reviewed this insurance with insurance agents and the Company’s view remains unchanged.
Management Continuity Agreements
In December 2005, the Company entered into a management continuity agreement with three of its executive officers. Each management continuity agreement provides for potential severance payments during the 100-day period following a change in control, as that term is defined in the agreement, in an amount equal to up to two years of the executive’s annual compensation (in the aggregate for all three executive officers, currently approximately $2.1 million). The management continuity agreements do not commit the Company to retain any executive’s services for any fixed period of time, do not provide for severance payments unless the Company undergoes a change in control, and do not represent new hires or appointments, as each executive has been serving in his current positions for several years.
General Contingencies and Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, there are various contingencies which are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. These include customer activities involving the execution, settlement and financing of various customer securities and futures transactions. These activities may expose the Company to off-balance sheet credit risk in the event the customers are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations.
In margin transactions, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by TradeStation Securities or its clearing agents that is collateralized by cash and securities in the customers’ accounts. In connection with securities activities, TradeStation Securities also executes customer transactions involving the sale of securities not yet purchased (“short sales”), all of which are transacted on a margin basis subject to federal, self-regulatory organization and individual exchange regulations and TradeStation Securities’ internal policies. Additionally, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by its clearing agents for futures transactions that are collateralized by cash and futures positions in the customers’ accounts. In all cases, such transactions may expose TradeStation Securities to significant off-balance sheet credit risk in the event customer collateral is not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur. In the event customers fail to satisfy their obligations, TradeStation Securities may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices to fulfill the customers’ obligations.
TradeStation Securities seeks to manage the risks associated with its customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in their margin accounts in compliance with various regulatory requirements, internal requirements, and the requirements of clearing agents. TradeStation Securities and its clearing agents monitor required margin levels on an intra-day basis and, pursuant to such guidelines, require the customers to deposit additional collateral or to reduce positions when necessary. For further discussion, see Note 6 – RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS.
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TradeStation Securities borrows securities temporarily from other broker-dealers in connection with its broker-dealer business. TradeStation Securities deposits cash as collateral for the securities borrowed. Decreases in securities prices may cause the market value of the securities borrowed to fall below the amount of cash deposited as collateral. In the event the counterparty to these transactions does not return the cash deposited, TradeStation Securities may be exposed to the risk of selling the securities at prevailing market prices. TradeStation Securities seeks to manage this risk by requiring credit approvals for counterparties, by monitoring the collateral values on a daily basis, and by requiring additional collateral as needed.
The customers’ financing and securities settlement activities may require TradeStation Securities and its clearing agents to pledge customer securities as collateral in support of various secured financing sources, which may include bank loans. In the event the counterparty is unable to meet its contractual obligation to return customer securities pledged as collateral, TradeStation Securities may be exposed to the risk of needing to acquire the securities at prevailing market prices in order to satisfy its obligations. TradeStation Securities seeks to manage this risk by monitoring the market value of securities pledged on a daily basis.
TradeStation Securities provides guarantees to its clearing organization and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing organization or exchange, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. TradeStation Securities’ liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, management believes that the possibility of the Company being required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded for these potential events.
(11) INCOME TAXES
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $5.0 million based upon its current estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 38%. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $4.5 million based upon its then-estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 39%. The decrease in the Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate is primarily due to the impact of increased investment in federal tax free instruments.
As of March 31, 2007, for financial reporting purposes, the Company estimates that it had available for federal income tax purposes total net operating loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2.0 million and $124,000, respectively. The net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2019 and the tax credits expire between 2010 and 2019. These amounts are subject to annual usage limitations of approximately $545,000. These limitations are cumulative to the extent they are not utilized in any year.
The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, effective January 1, 2007, and such adoption did not require any cumulative effect adjustments to beginning retained earnings and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
As of January 1, 2007, the Company had a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $560,000, which was increased to $638,000 as of March 31, 2007. If this tax benefit is recognized in the consolidated financial statements, it would not have a material impact to the Company’s annual effective tax rate because the difference is primarily temporary in nature. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes in uncertain tax positions over the next twelve months.
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The Company is currently subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, three states, and since November 2005, in the United Kingdom. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations prior to 2004, and state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2003. The Company’s federal income tax return for the year ended December 31, 2004 is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and the Company believes this examination to be routine. While no assurances can be given, the Company believes that the results of this examination will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Any interest and penalties, if incurred in connection with the IRS examination or otherwise, would be recognized as components of income tax expense.
(12) SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION
For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, TradeStation Group operated in two principal business segments: (i) brokerage services; and (ii) software products and services. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on revenue and income before income taxes. The brokerage services segment primarily represents the operations of TradeStation Securities and the software products and services segment represents the operations of TradeStation Technologies. Intercompany transactions between segments are based upon an intercompany licensing and support agreement and an expense-sharing agreement, which reflect current business relationships and complies with applicable regulatory requirements. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||
Brokerage services | ||||||||
Revenues, excluding interest | $ | 22,382,383 | $ | 18,721,588 | ||||
Interest income | 11,608,981 | 9,190,678 | ||||||
Interest expense | (1,193,786 | ) | (1,098,810 | ) | ||||
32,797,578 | 26,813,456 | |||||||
Software products and services | ||||||||
Revenues, excluding interest | 10,759,187 | 8,528,435 | ||||||
Interest income | 356,746 | 313,163 | ||||||
11,115,933 | 8,841,598 | |||||||
Eliminations of intercompany charges to brokerage services segment | (8,582,888 | ) | (6,270,375 | ) | ||||
$ | 35,330,623 | $ | 29,384,679 | |||||
Income before income taxes: | ||||||||
Brokerage services | $ | 8,580,569 | $ | 7,699,665 | ||||
Software products and services | 4,617,659 | 3,759,437 | ||||||
$ | 13,198,228 | $ | 11,459,102 | |||||
As of March 31, 2007 | As of December 31, | |||||||
Identifiable assets: | ||||||||
Brokerage services | $ | 652,642,272 | $ | 601,187,727 | ||||
Software products and services | 47,116,270 | 47,899,686 | ||||||
$ | 699,758,542 | $ | 649,087,413 | |||||
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(13) STOCK BUY BACK PLAN
In October 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized, and the Company announced, the use of up to $60 million of the Company’s available and unrestricted cash, over a four-year period, to repurchase shares of its common stock in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. The stock repurchases are authorized to be made pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. The four-year period commenced on November 13, 2006 and ends on November 12, 2010. Pursuant to the buy back plan, $1.25 million of Company cash during each full calendar month (and a prorated amount during the first and last months) of the four-year period (i.e., $15 million per 12-month period and $60 million for the four-year period) has been authorized to be used to purchase Company shares at prevailing prices, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, rules and regulations, including Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18. The buy back plan does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period, and may be modified, suspended, extended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company used approximately $3.7 million to purchase 293,755 shares of its common stock at an average price of $12.76 per share. Since commencement of this stock buy back plan on November 13, 2006, the Company has used approximately $5.7 million to purchase 433,155 shares of its common stock at an average price of $13.27 per share. All shares purchased have been retired. See Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS – (c) Share Repurchases in Part II – OTHER INFORMATION of this report.
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
This discussion should be read and evaluated in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of TradeStation Group and its subsidiaries contained herein and with the issues, uncertainties and risk factors related to our business and industry described in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS of PART I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group for the year ended December 31, 2006. The results of operations for an interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the year, or for any subsequent period.
Overview and Recent Developments
TradeStation Securities is a leading online brokerage firm that serves the active trader and certain institutional trader markets, and is the Company’s principal operating subsidiary. TradeStation Securities is a registered broker-dealer and futures commission merchant, and is a member of the NASD, New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC), National Futures Association (NFA), National Securities Clearing Corporation and the Depository Trust Company (together, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation or DTCC), Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), American Stock Exchange (AMEX), Boston Options Exchange (BOX), Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), Chicago Stock Exchange (CHX), International Securities Exchange (ISE), NYSE ARCA, and Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX). TradeStation Securities’ business is also subject to the rules and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and state regulatory authorities (the firm is registered to conduct its brokerage business in all 50 states and the District of Columbia). TradeStation Securities self-clears most of its equities and equity options business, and uses an established futures clearing firm and an established forex dealer firm to clear its futures and forex business.
TradeStation Securities’ revenues consist primarily of transactional commissions and fees (including monthly platform fees), and interest derived from customer balances and margin lending to customers. With respect to monthly platform fees (a $99.95 charge made to less active brokerage customers for being granted access to use theTradeStationtrading platform), beginning September 1, 2005 we launched a series of strategic marketing initiatives, the most recent as of November 1, 2006, which have reduced materially the trading activity thresholds that need to be met to qualify for a waiver of the monthly platform fee.
As of March 31, 2007, TradeStation Securities had 33,048 equities, futures and forex accounts (the vast majority of which were equities and futures accounts), a net increase of 1,546 accounts, or 5%, when compared to 31,502 accounts as of December 31, 2006. A brokerage account is defined as an account that either has a positive asset balance of at least $200 or has activity within the past 180 days. In other words, an account is deemed inactive and is not included in counting total brokerage accounts if it has less than a $200 balance and has had no activity within the past 180 days.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, TradeStation Securities’ brokerage customer account base averaged 70,187 daily average revenue trades (often called “DARTs”), an increase of 19% when compared to 59,057 during the three months ended March 31, 2006. The following table presents certain brokerage metrics and account information:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | % Change | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
Daily average revenue trades (DARTs) | 70,187 | 59,057 | 19 | ||||||
Client Trading Activity – Per Account | |||||||||
Annualized trades | 548 | 582 | (6 | ) | |||||
Annualized average net revenue per account | $ | 4,195 | $ | 4,300 | (2 | ) |
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As of March 31 | % Change | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
Client Account Information | |||||||||
Total brokerage accounts | 33,048 | 26,797 | 23 | ||||||
Average assets per account – equities | $ | 79,000 | $ | 90,000 | (12 | ) | |||
Average assets per account – futures | $ | 19,000 | $ | 17,500 | 9 |
We compute DARTs as follows: For equities and equity options, a revenue trade included to calculate DARTs is a commissionable trade order placed by the customer and executed, regardless of the number of shares or contracts included in the trade order. For futures and forex, a revenue trade included to calculate DARTs is one round-turn commissionable futures contract traded, or one round-turn lot (or forex deal) traded, regardless of the number of individual orders made and executed (i.e., one futures or forex order may contain numerous contracts or deals, but each round-turn contract and deal is counted as a separate revenue trade). When viewing our DARTs, it should be taken into account that, for equities and equity options, we charge commissions based on share volume and number of contracts traded (and not by revenue trade used to calculate DARTs). For futures, we charge commissions on a per contract basis (so each futures revenue trade included to calculate DARTs represents a round-turn commissionable contract traded). It should be noted that as we continue to acquire futures customers who trade larger volumes, and seek to accelerate our acquisition of higher-volume futures accounts, such as futures traders who may be attracted by our new tiered commission pricing structure and institutional traders, the number of futures revenue trades included in DARTs on a per order basis will likely grow. Also, it should be noted that all DARTs are not equal. The revenue we derive from each revenue trade depends on the asset in question (equities, equity options, futures, forex – each has a different per unit revenue structure), and, within each asset class, revenue per equity, contract or deal varies to the extent higher volume traders receive more favorable pricing, which they often do.
TradeStation Technologies owns all of our intellectual property. TradeStation Technologies also provides subscription services forTradeStation. The subscription version ofTradeStationis an institutional-quality service that offers strategy trading software tools that generate real-time buy and sell alerts based upon the subscriber’s programmed strategies, but does not include order execution. Subscribers are charged a monthly subscription fee.
Our United Kingdom subsidiary, TradeStation Europe, is authorized by the United Kingdom’s FSA to act as a Securities and Futures Firm in the United Kingdom to introduce accounts to TradeStation Securities. The FSA category of authorization is “ISD Category D Arranger,” meaning that TradeStation Europe may now solicit and introduce U.K. clients who are active, experienced traders to its U.S. affiliate for equities, options, futures and forex account services. In February 2007, TradeStation Europe obtained its European “passport” pursuant to which the company may use its FSA authorization to qualify to conduct similar business throughout the European Union. As of March 31, 2007 and through the date of the filing of this report, TradeStation Europe’s operations and net assets are not material to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES. The following areas are particularly subject to management’s judgments and estimates or are key components of our results of operations, and could materially affect our consolidated results of operations and financial position: Brokerage Commissions and Fees and Net Interest Income, Income Taxes, Allowance for Potential Credit Losses, and Uninsured Loss Reserves. These areas are discussed in further detail under the heading “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in ITEM 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
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Results of Operations
For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we operated in two principal business segments: (i) brokerage services; and (ii) software products and services. The brokerage services segment primarily represents the operations of TradeStation Securities and the software products and services segment represents the operations of TradeStation Technologies. We ceased marketing our legacy software products and subscription software services in 2000. Our primary sources of consolidated revenue are currently generated from the brokerage services segment, and the brokerage services segment should continue to produce the majority of our revenues for the foreseeable future. For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the brokerage services segment accounted for approximately 93% and 91%, respectively, of our total consolidated net revenues. Given the size of those percentages, other than our discussion and table in Note 12 – SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION, we will discuss our results of operations for the overall company instead of on a segmented basis. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, our consolidated statements of income data and presentation of that data as a percentage of change from period to period (unaudited):
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||
Brokerage commissions and fees | $ | 22,288 | $ | 18,632 | $ | 3,656 | 20 | ||||||
Interest income | 11,966 | 9,504 | 2,462 | 26 | |||||||||
Brokerage interest expense | 1,194 | 1,099 | 95 | 9 | |||||||||
Net interest income | 10,772 | 8,405 | 2,367 | 28 | |||||||||
Subscription fees and other | 2,271 | 2,348 | (77 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||
Net revenues | 35,331 | 29,385 | 5,946 | 20 | |||||||||
Expenses: | |||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 8,451 | 6,967 | 1,484 | 21 | |||||||||
Clearing and execution | 7,123 | 5,828 | 1,295 | 22 | |||||||||
Data centers and communications | 1,674 | 1,531 | 143 | 9 | |||||||||
Advertising | 1,086 | 957 | 129 | 13 | |||||||||
Professional services | 1,159 | 758 | 401 | 53 | |||||||||
Occupancy and equipment | 697 | 622 | 75 | 12 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 999 | 483 | 516 | 107 | |||||||||
Other | 944 | 780 | 164 | 21 | |||||||||
Total expenses | 22,133 | 17,926 | 4,207 | 23 | |||||||||
Income before income taxes | 13,198 | 11,459 | 1,739 | 15 | |||||||||
Income tax provision | 5,003 | 4,507 | 496 | 11 | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 8,195 | $ | 6,952 | $ | 1,243 | 18 | ||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 and 2006
Net revenues were $35.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $29.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $5.9 million, or 20%. The primary reasons for this growth were increased brokerage commissions and fees of approximately $3.7 million, or 20%, as a result of higher trade volume related mostly to growing our brokerage account base, and increased net interest income of $2.4 million, or 28%, as a result of higher interest rates and higher aggregate cash and margin balances.
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Income before income taxes was $13.2 million (37% of net revenues) for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $11.5 million (39% of net revenues) for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $1.7 million, or 15%. Our improvement in income before income taxes was due primarily to our increased brokerage commissions and fees of $3.7 million and our increased net interest income of $2.4 million, partially offset by increased employee compensation and benefits of $1.5 million, increased clearing and execution costs of $1.3 million and, to a lesser extent, increases in depreciation and amortization and professional services.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recorded an income tax provision of $5.0 million based upon our current estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 38%. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we recorded an income tax provision of $4.5 million based upon our then-estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 39%. The decrease in our estimated annual effective income tax rate is due primarily to the impact of increased investment in federal tax free instruments, which offer lower interest rates than taxable instruments. See “Income Taxes” below.
Net income was approximately $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $1.2 million, or 18%, due primarily to our year-over-year increase in revenues, partially offset by our year-over-year increase in expenses.
Revenues
Brokerage Commissions and Fees – Brokerage commissions and fees are comprised mainly of commissions for securities, futures and forex transactions and, to a lesser extent, monthly platform and other fees earned from brokerage customers using theTradeStationonline trading platform. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, brokerage commissions and fees were approximately $22.3 million, as compared to $18.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. This $3.7 million, or 20%, increase was due primarily to increased brokerage commissions of $3.0 million from higher trading volume related mostly to growing our brokerage customer account base and, to a lesser extent, increases in platform fees related to account growth (partially offset by our November 2006 marketing initiative which reduced materially the trading activity threshold that needed to be met to qualify for a waiver of the monthly platform fee) and, beginning in the 2007 first quarter, payment for order flow for option equity trades. The industry has been experiencing price pressure and some of our competitors continue to reduce their online brokerage commissions and fees. We continuously review and assess our pricing – both commissions and platform fees. With respect to monthly platform fees (a $99.95 charge made to less active brokerage customers for being granted access to use theTradeStationtrading platform), beginning September 1, 2005 we launched a series of strategic marketing initiatives, the most recent as of November 1, 2006, which have reduced materially the trading activity thresholds that need to be met to qualify for a waiver of the monthly platform fee. The per-month impact of the November 2006 marketing initiative during the first quarter of 2007 (not taking into account, for these purposes, any positive impact the initiative may have had on account growth or trading by our customers) was decreased brokerage commissions and fees of approximately $128,000 and decreased net income of approximately $79,000. While we believe that the November 2006 marketing initiative will contribute, and may have already contributed during the first quarter of 2007, to our net account growth, there is no way to objectively determine the impact, if any, that this initiative had or will have on our account base.
Interest Income– Interest income is comprised of interest earned from self-clearing operations (primarily interest earned on brokerage customer cash balances and interest earned from brokerage customer margin debit balances), interest revenue-sharing arrangements with clearing agent firms, and interest on corporate cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, interest income was $12.0 million, as compared to $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. This $2.5 million, or 26%, increase was due primarily to increased interest rates (increases in the federal funds target rate of interest and, to a lesser extent, increased base margin debit interest rates) and account growth. During the first half of 2006, the federal funds target rate of interest was increased by 25 basis points four times, from 4.25% to 5.25% (where it remains as of March 31, 2007
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and through the date of the filing of this report). These increases resulted in increases in the amounts we earned on our clients’ cash account balances and the amounts we charged our clients for margin lending. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the weighted average federal funds target rate of interest was 5.25%, an increase of 82 basis points, or 19%, as compared with the weighted average rate of 4.43% for the same period in 2006. Also, during the three months ended March 31, 2007, the weighted average interest rate from income-sharing revenue earned from our futures clients was 5.00%, an increase of 82 basis points, or 20%, as compared with the weighted average rate of 4.18% for the same period in 2006. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the weighted average base margin debit rate that we charged our customers was 8.25%, which was 12.5 basis points, or 2% higher than the weighted average rate of 8.125% that we charged to our customers during the same period of 2006. Interest income for future periods may be materially affected by further increases, “no actions” or decreases regarding the federal funds target rate and the extent, if any, by which our customer cash account balances increase or decrease, as well as any decisions we may make to provide more or less favorable debit or credit interest rates to our customers.
Brokerage Interest Expense– Brokerage interest expense consists of amounts paid or payable to brokerage customers based on credit balances maintained in brokerage accounts and other brokerage-related interest expense. Brokerage interest expense does not include interest on company borrowings, which, if any, would be included inExpenses – Other Expenses below. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, brokerage interest expense was $1.2 million, as compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006. This $95,000, or 9%, increase was due primarily to higher interest rates and account growth. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the average annual credit interest rate paid to our equities customers was 1.25%, as compared to 1.125% during the three months ended March 31, 2006. As of March 31, 2007 and through the date of the filing of this report, our equities customers earn interest at the rate of 1.25% per annum on the portion, if any, of their cash balances in excess of $10,000, and futures and forex customers earn no interest on their cash balances. Factors that will affect brokerage interest expense in the future include: the growth, and mix of growth, of our brokerage customer base in equities, futures and forex; average assets per account and the portion of account assets held in cash; and future decisions concerning credit or debit interest rates offered to our equities, futures and forex customers.
Subscription Fees and Other– Subscription fees and other revenues are comprised primarily of monthly fees earned for providing streaming real-time, Internet-based trading analysis software tools and data services to non-brokerage customers and, to a lesser extent, fees for our training workshops that help customers take full advantage of the features of theTradeStationelectronic trading platform, direct sales of our legacy customer software products and royalties and commissions received from third parties whose customers use our legacy software products. Subscription fees and other revenues were approximately $2.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006. A slight decrease in royalties and commissions received from third parties was mostly offset by an increase in subscription fees. The increase in subscription fees was due to a monthly price increase, effective May 1, 2006, of approximately $50 per subscription. The increase in price was partially offset by a decrease in the number of subscribers. The continued impact, if any, of this price increase will depend upon how many customers terminate their subscription service or do not buy new subscriptions as a result of the price increase, and how many (if any) decide to become brokerage customers instead of continuing their subscriptions. Subscription services and legacy customer software products have not been marketed since 2000. We expect royalties and commissions from third parties to continue to decrease.
Expenses
Employee Compensation and Benefits –Employee compensation and benefits expenses are comprised primarily of employee salaries, sales commissions and bonuses, stock-based compensation, and, to a lesser extent, payroll taxes, employee benefits (including group health insurance and employer contributions to benefit programs), recruitment, temporary employee services and other related employee costs. Employee compensation and benefits expenses were $8.5 million for the three months ended
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March 31, 2007, as compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $1.5 million, or 21%. This increase was due primarily to increases in wages paid to employees of $671,000, commissions of $302,000, stock-based compensation of $270,000, employee benefits of $102,000 and, to a lesser extent, increases in recruitment and related expenses. The increase in wages was due to increased headcount and annual merit increases. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, there was an average of 309 full-time equivalent employees, as compared to 270 full-time equivalent employees during the three months ended March 31, 2006. Employee compensation and benefits expenses are anticipated to increase during 2007 as a result of planned additions to employee headcount to support expansion of our business operations.
Clearing and Execution – Clearing and execution expenses include the costs associated with executing and clearing customer trades, including fees paid to clearing agents and clearing organizations, exchanges and other market centers, fees and royalties paid for the licensing of self-clearing, back-office software systems and related services, and commissions paid to third-party broker-dealers. Clearing and execution expenses were approximately $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of approximately $1.3 million, or 22%, as a result of higher trade volume by our customers. Clearing and execution costs as a percentage of brokerage commissions and fees increased to 32% during the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to 31% during the three months ended March 31, 2006. This increase in clearing and execution expenses, as a percentage of brokerage commissions and fees, was due primarily to a change in mix (i.e., futures versus equities) to lower margin trades.
Data Centers and Communications – Data centers and communications expenses are comprised of: (i) data communications costs necessary to connect our server farms directly to electronic marketplaces, data sources and to each other; (ii) data communications costs, power and rack space at our facilities where the data server farms are located; (iii) data distribution and exchange fees; and (iv) telephone, internet and other communications costs. Data centers and communications expenses were $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $143,000, or 9%. This increase is due primarily to increased circuits to connect our data farms to data providers and electronic marketplaces of $160,000, increased rack space, power and bandwidth charges at our server farms of $106,000, increased server maintenance related to our recent data server upgrades of $68,000 and, to a lesser extent, increased telephone expenses, partially offset by decreased exchange fees of $200,000. We anticipate data centers and communications expenses to increase during future quarters due to the expansion of capacity recently made to our data server farms.
Advertising – Advertising expenses are comprised of marketing programs, primarily: advertising in various media, including direct mail, television and print media; account opening kits and related postage; brochures; and other promotional items, including exhibit costs for industry events. Advertising expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 were $1.1 million, as compared to $957,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $129,000, or 13%, due primarily to increased media placement. In each of the forthcoming quarters during the current year, advertising expenses are expected to increase by approximately $500,000 as compared to the first quarter of 2007. The quality and success of, and potential continuous changes in, sales or marketing strategies (which continue to evolve), including the increased size of our sales force and the planned increase in the level of spending on advertising, are factors that may impact the level of advertising in the future.
Professional Services – Professional services expenses are comprised of fees for legal, accounting, tax, and other professional and consulting services. Professional services expenses were approximately $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $758,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $401,000, or 53%, due primarily to increased legal fees. Based upon the May 7, 2007 jury verdict in favor of the Company and its directors and officers in the Allen case (see Note 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES –Litigation and Claims), we expect to recognize in the second quarter of 2007 approximately $700,000 of reimbursable legal fees and costs previously expensed through March 31, 2007.
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Occupancy and Equipment– Occupancy and equipment expenses include rent, utilities, property taxes, repairs, maintenance and other expenses pertaining to our office space. Occupancy and equipment expenses were $697,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $622,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $75,000, or 12%, due primarily to our recently-opened Chicago office and an increase in facility operating expenses for our corporate office.
Depreciation and Amortization – Depreciation and amortization expenses consist primarily of depreciation on property and equipment. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $999,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $483,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $516,000 or 107%. This increase was due primarily to higher depreciation of fixed assets related to capital expenditures made in 2006 and, to a lesser extent, in the 2007 first quarter. During the year ended 2006, we had capital expenditures of $8.1 million, the majority of which relate to the third and fourth quarters of 2006. During the 2007 first quarter, we had capital expenditures of $663,000. The capital expenditures in both periods related mainly to the purchase of computer hardware to support the growth of our data server farms and, to a lesser extent (in 2006), fixed assets and leasehold improvements related to our Chicago office and an upgrade to our telephone and recording systems. Depreciation expense will continue to increase based upon the level of capital expenditures we deem necessary to support the growth of our business and to enhance and improve the quality and reliability of our brokerage services. SeeLiquidity and Capital Resources below.
Other – Other expenses include insurance, regulatory fees and related costs, employee travel and entertainment, settlements for legal matters, costs related to training workshops, software maintenance, public company expenses, supplies, postage, exchange memberships, customer debits and errors, bank charges and other administrative expenses. Other expenses were $944,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $780,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006, an increase of $164,000, or 21%. This increase was due primarily to increased customer debits and errors of $180,000 and increased software maintenance of $98,000, partially offset by our decision to retain or cancel approximately $120,000 potentially owed to a third party pursuant to our contractual rights against that third party. The increase in customer debits and errors was due primarily to the 2006 first quarter collection of $200,000 of a receivable from a brokerage customer, previously considered uncollectible and fully reserved.
Variability of Quarterly Results
The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period or for the full year. Our quarterly revenues and operating results have varied in the past, and are likely to vary in the future. Such fluctuations may result in volatility in the price of our common stock. For information regarding the risks related to the variability of quarterly results, see ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS of PART I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Income Taxes
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recorded an income tax provision of $5.0 million based upon our current estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 38%. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we recorded an income tax provision of $4.5 million based upon our then-estimated annual effective income tax rate of approximately 39%. The decrease in our estimated annual effective income tax rate is primarily due to the impact of increased investment in federal tax free instruments.
As of March 31, 2007, for financial reporting purposes, we estimate that we have available for federal income tax purposes total net operating loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2.0 million and $124,000, respectively. The net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2019 and the tax credits expire between 2010 and 2019. These amounts are subject to annual usage limitations of approximately $545,000. These limitations are cumulative to the extent they are not utilized in any year.
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We adopted the provisions of FIN 48, effective January 1, 2007, and such adoption did not require any cumulative effect adjustments to beginning retained earnings and did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Our federal income tax return for the year ended December 31, 2004 is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and we believe this examination to be routine. While no assurances can be given, we believe that the results of this examination will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
See Note 11 – INCOME TAXES for additional discussion of income taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $94.5 million, of which $1.4 million was restricted, supporting a facility lease. On April 3, 2007, as a result of TradeStation Securities’ March 31, 2007 month-end calculation under Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (see below), $1.8 million was transferred from cash and cash equivalents to cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations. We had marketable securities of approximately $9.3 million at March 31, 2007, the majority of which can be tendered for sale upon notice (generally no longer than seven days) to the remarketing agent.
As of March 31, 2007, TradeStation Securities had: $447.5 million of cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations in special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and other regulations; receivables from brokerage customers of $70.8 million; and receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents of $41.2 million. Client margin loans are demand loan obligations secured in part by cash and/or readily marketable securities. Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents represent primarily current open transactions, which usually settle, or can be closed out, within a few business days.
Liquidity needs relating to client trading and margin borrowing activities are met primarily through cash balances in brokerage client accounts, which were $555.0 million at March 31, 2007. Management believes that brokerage cash balances and operating earnings will continue to be the primary source of liquidity for TradeStation Securities in the future.
TradeStation Securities is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the CFTC’s financial requirement (Regulation 1.17). TradeStation Securities calculates net capital requirements using the “alternative method,” which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined by the rules, equal to the greater of (i) $250,000 and (ii) 2.0% of aggregate customer debit balances. Customer debit items are a function of customer margin receivables and may fluctuate significantly, resulting in a significant fluctuation in our net capital requirements. At March 31, 2007, TradeStation Securities had net capital of approximately $60.9 million (50.1% of aggregate debit items), which was approximately $58.5 million in excess of its required net capital of approximately $2.4 million.
In addition to net capital requirements, as a self-clearing broker-dealer TradeStation Securities is subject to DTCC, OCC, and other cash deposit requirements, which are and may continue to be large in relation to TradeStation Group’s total liquid assets, and which may fluctuate significantly from time to time based upon the nature and size of TradeStation Securities’ active trader clients’ securities trading activity. As of March 31, 2007, we had interest-bearing security deposits and short-term treasury bills totaling $20.3 million with clearing organizations for the self-clearing of equities and standardized equity option trades.
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As of March 31, 2007, we have no long-term debt obligations or capital lease obligations. A summary of our operating lease obligations and minimum purchase obligations (related to back-office systems, telecommunications services and advertising) is as follows:
Payments Due By Period | |||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total | 2007 | 2008 - 2009 | 2010 - 2011 | Thereafter | ||||||||||
Operating lease obligations | $ | 13,481,714 | $ | 2,685,636 | $ | 4,928,129 | $ | 4,447,135 | $ | 1,420,814 | |||||
Purchase obligations | 3,312,015 | 1,954,722 | 1,280,883 | 76,410 | — | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 16,793,729 | $ | 4,640,358 | $ | 6,209,012 | $ | 4,523,545 | $ | 1,420,814 | |||||
In addition to the purchase obligations set forth in the table above, we currently anticipate, in order to provide for additional growth of our brokerage business (there being no assurance additional growth will occur), capital expenditures of approximately $2.9 million for the remainder of 2007. These capital expenditures are primarily to support the growth of our data server farms and back-office systems to support our business. These expenditures are expected to be funded through operating cash flows, capital leases, or a combination of the two.
In October 2006, our board of directors authorized, and we announced, the use of up to $60 million of our available and unrestricted cash, over a four-year period, to repurchase shares of our common stock in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. The stock repurchases are authorized to be made pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. The four-year period commenced on November 13, 2006 and ends on November 12, 2010. Pursuant to the buy back plan, $1.25 million of Company cash during each full calendar month (and a prorated amount during the first and last months) of the four-year period (i.e., $15 million per 12-month period and $60 million for the four-year period) has been authorized to be used to purchase Company shares at prevailing prices, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, rules and regulations, including Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18. The buy back plan does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares in any period, and may be modified, suspended, extended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we used approximately $3.7 million to purchase 293,755 shares of our common stock at an average price of $12.76 per share. All shares purchased have been retired. See Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS – (c) Share Repurchases in Part II – OTHER INFORMATION of this report.
We anticipate that our available cash resources and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our presently anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next twelve months.
Net cash provided by operating activities totaled approximately $23.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $15.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006. Net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2007 of $23.6 million was due primarily to timing differences related to a decrease in net brokerage customer assets and liabilities including timing differences related to funding cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations ($1.8 million transferred to cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations from cash and cash equivalents on April 3, 2007, as opposed to $7.6 million transferred to cash and cash equivalents from cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations on January 3, 2007), net income and adjustments for non-cash items, and an increase in accrued expenses, partially offset by an increase in other assets. Net cash used by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2006 of $15.7 million was due primarily to timing differences related to funding cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations ($18.4 million transferred from cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations to cash on April 4, 2006, as opposed to $9.5 million transferred from cash to cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations on January 4, 2006) and an increase in receivables from brokerage customers offset by net income as adjusted for non-cash items, a decrease in receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents, and increases in payables to brokerage customers and accrued expenses.
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Investing activities used cash of $663,000 and $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Investing activities in both years were primarily for capital expenditures (mostly computer hardware to support the growth of our data server farms).
Financing activities used cash of $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and provided cash of $2.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006. Net cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2007 of $3.0 million was due primarily to $3.7 million used for the repurchase of Company shares, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock of approximately $444,000 related to the exercise of stock options from our incentive stock plans and excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options of approximately $344,000. Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2006 of $2.5 million was due primarily to the proceeds from the issuance of common stock of approximately $1.2 million related to the exercise of stock options from our incentive stock plans and excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options of approximately $1.2 million.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48, effective January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also prescribes guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Previously, we had accounted for tax contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. As required by FIN 48, we recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. At the adoption date, we applied FIN 48 to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open. The adoption of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 did not require any cumulative effect adjustments to beginning retained earnings and did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Note 11 – INCOME TAXES for additional discussion of income taxes.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement SFAS No. 157,Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This statement addresses how to calculate fair value measurements required or permitted under other accounting pronouncements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim statements within those years. We believe that the adoption of SFAS No. 157, effective January 1, 2008, will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. SFAS No. 159 allows entities to voluntarily choose, at specified election dates, to measure many financial instruments and certain other items that are similar to financial instruments. The election is made on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, the statement specifies that all subsequent changes in fair value for that instrument shall be reported in earnings. The statement is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. We have not yet determined what the impact, if any, that the adoption of SFAS No. 159, effective January 1, 2008, will be on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of business, there are various contingencies which are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. These include customer activities involving the execution, settlement and financing of various customer securities and futures transactions. These activities may expose the Company to off-balance sheet credit risk in the event the customers are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations.
Nearly all TradeStation Securities customer accounts are margin accounts. In margin transactions, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by its clearing agents that are collateralized by cash and securities in the customers’ accounts with those clearing agents. In connection with securities activities, TradeStation Securities also executes customer transactions involving the sale of securities not yet purchased (“short sales”), all of which are transacted on a margin basis subject to federal, self-regulatory organization and individual exchange regulations and TradeStation Securities’ and its clearing agents’ internal policies. Additionally, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by its clearing agents for futures transactions that are collateralized by cash and futures positions in the customers’ accounts with those clearing agents. In all cases, such transactions may expose TradeStation Securities to significant off-balance sheet credit risk in the event customer collateral is not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur. In the event customers fail to satisfy their obligations, TradeStation Securities may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices to fulfill the customers’ obligations.
TradeStation Securities seeks to manage the risks associated with its customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in their margin accounts in compliance with various regulatory requirements, internal requirements, and the requirements of clearing agents. TradeStation Securities and its clearing agents monitor required margin levels on an intra-day basis and, pursuant to such guidelines, require the customers to timely deposit additional collateral or to reduce positions when necessary.
TradeStation Securities provides guarantees to its clearing organization and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing organization and exchanges, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. TradeStation Securities’ liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, management believes that the possibility of the Company being required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded for these potential events.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Market risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from the potential change in the value of a financial instrument as a result of fluctuations in interest rates or market prices. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of market risks in the normal course of our business operations. We do not hold any market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.
TradeStation Securities seeks to manage the risks associated with our customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain margin collateral and reduce concentrated positions in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines. TradeStation Securities monitors required margin levels on an intra-day basis and, pursuant to such guidelines, requires customers to deposit additional collateral, or to reduce positions, when necessary.
As a self-clearing broker-dealer, TradeStation Securities holds interest-earning assets, mainly customer funds required to be segregated in compliance with federal regulations. These funds totaled $447.5 million at March 31, 2007. Interest-earning assets are
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financed primarily by short-term interest-bearing liabilities, which totaled $555.0 million at March 31, 2007, in the form of customer cash balances. In addition to earning interest on the customer funds segregated in compliance with federal regulations, TradeStation Securities earns a net interest spread on the difference between amounts earned on customer margin loans and amounts paid on customer cash balances. Since TradeStation Securities establishes the rate paid on customer cash balances and the rate charged on customer margin loans, a substantial portion of our interest rate risk is under our direct management. TradeStation Securities also earns interest from interest revenue-sharing arrangements with its clearing agents. We estimate that, based upon our brokerage customer balances at March 31, 2007, for each basis point increase or decrease in interest rates retained by us, there is an annual impact of approximately $46,000 to our net income.
Changes in interest rates also affect the interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and security deposits. To reduce this interest rate risk, we are currently invested in investments with short maturities or investments that can be tendered for sale upon notice of no longer than seven days. As of March 31, 2007, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of interest-bearing cash deposits and money market funds, our marketable securities consisted of federal tax exempt variable rate demand note securities, and our security deposits consisted primarily of interest-bearing cash deposits and treasury bills. We estimate that, based upon the balances of our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and security deposits as of March 31, 2007, each basis point increase or decrease in interest rates results in an annual impact of approximately $8,000 to our net income.
TradeStation Securities seeks to manage risks associated with its securities borrowing activities by requiring credit approvals for counterparties, by monitoring the collateral values for securities borrowed on a daily basis and by obtaining additional collateral as needed. See Note 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES –General Contingencies and Guarantees.
Our revenues and financial instruments are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars, and we do not invest in derivative financial instruments.
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures was made under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report. A system of controls, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the system of controls are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the first quarter of 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
As of March 31, 2007, there were two lawsuits by former principal owners of onlinetradinginc.com corp. (the predecessor of TradeStation Securities) pending against the Company, certain of its directors and executive officers and certain family partnerships owned by the Company’s two former Co-Chief Executive Officers. On August 18, 2003, Andrew A. Allen Family Limited Partnership (owned and controlled by Andrew A. Allen), from whom the Company, as of November 26, 2002, purchased 1,000,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction, filed a lawsuit against the Company and three of its then executive officers, William R. Cruz, Ralph L. Cruz and Marc J. Stone, in the Circuit Court of Broward County, State of Florida. This lawsuit’s allegations included violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation and fraudulent inducement. On August 28, 2003, Farshid Tafazzoli and E. Steven zum Tobel filed a lawsuit against the Company, William and Ralph Cruz, family partnerships owned and controlled by William and Ralph Cruz, Mr. Stone, Charles Wright and David Fleischman in the Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, State of Florida. Mr. Tafazzoli’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 1, 2002, of 3,000,000 shares of Company common stock to family partnerships owned by William and Ralph Cruz, and Mr. zum Tobel’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 3, 2002, of 133,942 shares of Company common stock to Charles Wright. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. Each of the two lawsuits has sought rescission of the share purchases and/or compensatory damages, plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees.
On May 4, 2007, in the Allen case, a directed verdict in favor of all defendants was entered with respect to all claims other than the ones under the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, and on May 7, 2007, a jury verdict in favor of all defendants was awarded with respect to those claims. Subject to appeal by the plaintiff, this matter is now concluded with no liability to the Company.
The Tafazzoli/zum Tobel case is well into the discovery phase of litigation, court-ordered mediation has been scheduled for July 2007, and a trial has been scheduled for January 2008. We continue to believe all of the claims in this case are baseless; however, no assurances can be given that a judge or jury will agree with our assessment.
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
Subject to the recent development in the Allen litigation described directly above, there have been no material changes in risk factors during the first quarter of 2007 from those previously discussed in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS of PART I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group for the year ended December 31, 2006. In reading and evaluating the information set forth in this report, in addition to considering and evaluating issues, uncertainties and risk factors discussed in Part I of this report, we refer you to the issues, uncertainties and risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
(a) Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we issued to 250 employees (including 6 executive officers) and one consultant options to purchase an aggregate of 372,350 shares of common stock. Such options vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period and are exercisable at $12.43 or $13.12 per share, which were the closing prices of our stock on the dates the options were granted. All of the options were granted under our incentive stock plan in the ordinary course, and expire, if they remain unexercised, on the tenth anniversary of the date on which they were granted. All the foregoing options were issued by us in reliance upon the exemption from registration available under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
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We also issued 152,439 restricted shares of common stock to Salomon Sredni, our Chief Executive Officer, in connection with and at the time of his promotion to that position in February 2007. The restricted shares, which had a fair market value of $2.0 million on the grant date, were granted as a stock award under the Incentive Stock Plan and vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period. If Mr. Sredni’s employment terminates prior to full vesting (other than by reason of death or disability), he will automatically forfeit, and we will reacquire, the unvested shares for no consideration. Vesting accelerates 100%, automatically, in the event of Mr. Sredni’s death or disability or a change in control of the Company. The 152,439 restricted shares were issued by us pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-8.
(c) Share Repurchases
In October 2006, our Board of Directors authorized, and we announced, the use of up to $60 million of our available and unrestricted cash, over a four-year period, to repurchase shares of our common stock in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. The stock repurchases are authorized to be made pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. The four-year period commenced on November 13, 2006 and ends on November 12, 2010. Pursuant to the buy back plan, $1.25 million of Company cash during each full calendar month (and a prorated amount during the first and last months) of the four-year period (i.e., $15 million per 12-month period and $60 million for the four-year period) has been authorized to be used to purchase Company shares at prevailing prices, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, rules and regulations, including Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18. The buy back plan does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares in any period, and may be modified, suspended, extended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
The following table sets forth information on our common stock buy-back program for the quarter ended March 31, 2007:
Total number of | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plan | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan | |||||||
January 2007 | 96,340 | $ | 12.97 | 235,740 | $ | 56,750,000 | ||||
February 2007 | 96,875 | 12.90 | 332,615 | 55,500,000 | ||||||
March 2007 | 100,540 | 12.43 | 433,155 | 54,250,000 | ||||||
Total | 293,755 | 12.76 |
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350. | |
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
TradeStation Group, Inc. | ||
Registrant | ||
May 10, 2007 | /s/ Mark Glassman | |
Date | Mark Glassman | |
Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller | ||
(Signing both in his capacity as duly authorized officer | ||
and as Principal Accounting Officer of the Registrant) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. | Exhibit | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350. | |
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350. |