Nature Of Business And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Business — IPG Photonics Corporation (the "Company") is the leading developer and manufacturer of a broad line of high-performance fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, diode lasers, laser systems and optical accessories that are used for diverse applications, primarily in materials processing. Its world headquarters are located in Oxford, Massachusetts. It also has facilities and sales offices elsewhere in the United States, Europe and Asia. Principles of Consolidation — The Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in December 1998. The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency — The financial information for entities outside the United States is measured using local currencies as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the respective balance sheet dates. Income and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars based on the average rate of exchange for the corresponding period. Exchange rate differences resulting from translation adjustments are accounted for directly as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments — Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments, such as bank deposits, mutual funds, marketable securities with original maturities of three months or less with insignificant interest rate risk and marketable securities with remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. Short-term investments consist primarily of similar highly liquid investments and marketable securities with insignificant interest rate risks. Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventories include parts and components that may be specialized in nature and subject to rapid obsolescence. The Company periodically reviews the quantities and carrying values of inventories to assess whether the inventories are recoverable. The costs associated with provisions for excess quantities, technological obsolescence, or component rejections are charged to cost of sales as incurred. Property, Plant and Equipment — Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets. In the case of leasehold improvements, the estimated useful lives of the related assets do not exceed the remaining terms of the corresponding leases. The following table presents the assigned economic useful lives of property, plant and equipment: Category Economic Useful Life Buildings 30 years Machinery and equipment 5-12 years Office furniture and fixtures 3-5 years Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations. Interest expense associated with significant capital projects is capitalized as a cost of the project. There was no interest expense capitalized in 2016 or 2015 . The Company capitalized $383 of interest expense in 2014 . Long-Lived Assets — Long-lived assets, which consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, are reviewed by management for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In cases in which undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of assets. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company began assessing the possible sale of its corporate aircraft included within Property, Plant and Equipment,net in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. As a result of this assessment and certain market indications of the aircraft's value if sold, the Company prepared an impairment analysis of the carrying value of the aircraft as of December 31, 2016. The impairment analysis was probability weighted considering market data available, future cash flows and whether or not the Company would sell the aircraft. Based on that analysis the Company recorded a $2,857 impairment charge included in General and administrative expense in its Consolidated Statements of Income as of December 31, 2016 . Prior to 2016 , no impairment losses had been recorded during the previous periods presented. Included in other long-term assets is certain demonstration equipment. The demonstration equipment is amortized over the respective estimated economic lives, generally 3 years . The carrying value of the demonstration equipment totaled $6,017 and $3,229 at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Amortization expense of demonstration equipment for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , was $2,959 , $2,345 and $2,068 , respectively. Goodwill — Goodwill is the amount by which the cost of the acquired net assets in a business acquisition exceeded the fair values of the net identifiable assets on the date of purchase. Goodwill is assessed for impairment at least annually, on a reporting unit basis, or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. If the book value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared with the carrying amount of goodwill. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value, an impairment loss is recorded in an amount equal to that excess. Intangible Assets — Intangible assets result from the Company's various business acquisitions. Intangible assets are reported at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and are amortized on a straight-line basis either over their estimated useful lives of five to ten years or over the period the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed. Revenue Recognition — The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 605. Revenue from orders with multiple deliverables is divided into separate units of accounting when certain criteria are met. These separate units generally consist of equipment and installation. The consideration for the arrangement is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on their relative selling prices. The selling price of equipment is based on vendor-specific objective evidence which is the sales price of equipment sold without installation. The selling price of installation is based on third-party evidence which is the fair value of installation services offered by third parties. Revenue for laser and amplifier sources generally is recognized upon the transfer of ownership which is typically at the time of shipment. Installation revenue is recognized upon completion of the installation service which typically occurs within 30 to 90 days of delivery. For laser systems that carry customer specific processing requirements, revenue is recognized at the latter of customer acceptance date or shipment date if the customer acceptance is made prior to shipment. Returns and customer credits are insignificant and infrequent and are recorded as a reduction to revenue. Rights of return generally are not included in sales arrangements. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — Accounts receivable include $23,975 and $24,307 of bank acceptance drafts at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Bank acceptance drafts are bank guarantees of payment on specified dates. The maturity of these bank acceptance drafts is less than 90 days. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of accounts receivable that will not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience and the age of outstanding receivables. Activity related to the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows: 2016 2015 2014 Balance at January 1 $ 1,811 $ 1,890 $ 2,473 Provision for bad debts, net of recoveries 111 427 579 Uncollectable accounts written off (76 ) (114 ) (617 ) Foreign currency translation 170 (392 ) (545 ) Balance at December 31 $ 2,016 $ 1,811 $ 1,890 Warranties — The Company typically provides one to three -year parts and service warranties on lasers and amplifiers. Most of the Company's sales offices provide support to customers in their respective geographic areas. The Company estimates the warranty accrual considering past claims experience, the number of units still covered by warranty and the average life of the remaining warranty period. The warranty accrual has generally been sufficient to cover product warranty repair and replacement costs. Activity related to the warranty accrual was as follows: 2016 2015 2014 Balance at January 1 $ 28,210 $ 19,272 $ 14,997 Provision for warranty accrual 22,483 22,808 15,449 Warranty claims (16,220 ) (12,208 ) (9,165 ) Foreign currency translation and other (495 ) (1,662 ) (2,009 ) Balance at December 31 $ 33,978 $ 28,210 $ 19,272 Accrued warranty reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consists of $15,711 and $14,871 in accrued expenses and other liabilities and $18,267 and $13,339 in other long-term liabilities, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation — The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718. Under the fair value recognition provision of ASC 718, the Company accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value of the awards granted. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes model, it values restricted stock units using the intrinsic value method and it uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of market-based performance stock units. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting option and restricted stock unit forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense in its statements of income only for those options and awards that are expected to vest. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises these estimates, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimates. The Company amortizes the fair value of stock options and awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. The description of the Company's stock-based employee compensation plans and the assumptions it uses to calculate the fair value of stock-based employee compensation is more fully described in Note 2. Advertising Expense — The cost of advertising is expensed as incurred. The Company conducts substantially all of its sales and marketing efforts through trade shows, professional and technical conferences, direct sales and our website. The Company's advertising costs were not material for the periods presented. Research and Development — Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes — Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carryforwards and credits using enacted rates in effect when those differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets that are not deemed to be recoverable. The Company recognizes tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by relevant tax authorities. The tax positions are measured at the greatest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company provides reserves for potential payments of tax to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions and other issues. The reserves are based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by it in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be realized following resolution of uncertainties related to the tax benefit, assuming that the matter in question will be raised by the tax authorities. Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, auction rate securities and accounts receivable. The Company maintains substantially all of its cash, short-term investments and marketable securities in various financial institutions, which it believes to be high-credit quality financial institutions. The Company grants credit to customers in the ordinary course of business and provides a reserve for potential credit losses. Such losses historically have been within management's expectations (see discussion related to significant customers in Note 15). Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The Company's financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, auction rate securities, accounts payable, drawings on revolving lines of credit, long-term debt and contingent purchase consideration. The valuation techniques used to measure fair value are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, certain short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and drawings on revolving lines of credit are considered reasonable estimates of their fair market value, due to the short maturity of these instruments or as a result of the competitive market interest rates, which have been negotiated. The following table presents information about the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash equivalents $ 179,699 $ 179,699 $ — $ — Short-term investments 206,616 206,616 — — Interest rate swap 77 — 77 — Auction rate securities 1,144 — — 1,144 Total assets $ 387,536 $ 386,315 $ 77 $ 1,144 Liabilities Long-term notes $ 41,351 $ — $ 41,351 $ — Total liabilities $ 41,351 $ — $ 41,351 $ — Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash equivalents $ 214,232 $ 214,232 $ — $ — Short-term investments 106,375 106,375 — — Auction rate securities 1,136 — — 1,136 Total assets $ 321,743 $ 320,607 $ — $ 1,136 Liabilities Long-term notes $ 19,667 $ 19,667 $ — $ — Contingent purchase consideration 20 — — 20 Total liabilities $ 19,687 $ 19,667 $ — $ 20 Short-term investments are measured and recorded at both fair value and book value with unrealized gains or losses adjusted through other comprehensive income for available-for-sale investments and with no unrealized gains or losses adjustments for those investments considered held-to-maturity. The investments in total consist of liquid investments including mutual funds, U.S. government and government agency notes, corporate notes, commercial paper and certificates of deposit with original maturities of greater than three months but less than one year. The fair value of the short-term investments considered available-for-sale as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $41,591 and $0 , respectively. These amounts include an unrealized loss of $432 and $0 , respectively. The fair value of the investments considered held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $165,025 and $106,375 , respectively, which represents an unrealized loss of $163 and $209 , respectively, as compared to the book value recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the same periods. The Company entered into an interest rate swap that is designated as a cash flow hedge associated with a new long-term note issued during the second quarter of 2016 that will terminate with long-term note in May 2023. The Company previously had a cash flow hedge which was an interest rate swap associated with a U.S. long-term note which matured in June 2015. The fair value at December 31, 2016 for the interest rate swap considered pricing models whose inputs are observable for the securities held by the Company. Auction rate securities and contingent consideration are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The fair value of the auction rate securities was determined using prices observed in inactive markets with limited observable data for the securities held by the Company. The auction rate securities are considered available-for-sale securities. They had a cost basis of $1,450 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The fair value of the Company's two outstanding long-term notes was determined using pricing models whose inputs are observable for the securities held by the Company. The fair value of these two debt instruments as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $41,351 and $19,667 , respectively, as compared to the book values of $40,823 and $19,667 recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the same periods. The original long-term note that has a fixed rate was considered a Level 1 measurement at December 31, 2015 , as the fair value closely approximated the book value at the time. The fair value of contingent consideration was determined using an income approach at the respective business combination dates and at the reporting date. That approach is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and include key assumptions such as assessing the probability of meeting certain milestones required to earn the contingent consideration. The business combinations that give rise to contingent consideration are more fully described in Note 12. The following table presents information about the Company's movement in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value: 2016 2015 2014 Auction Rate Securities Balance, January 1 $ 1,136 $ 1,128 $ 1,120 Period transactions 8 8 8 Balance, December 31 $ 1,144 $ 1,136 $ 1,128 Contingent Purchase Consideration Balance, January 1 $ 20 $ 98 $ 375 Period transactions (21 ) (50 ) — Change in fair value and currency fluctuations 1 (28 ) (277 ) Balance, December 31 $ — $ 20 $ 98 Comprehensive Income — Comprehensive income includes charges and credits to equity that are not the result of transactions with stockholders. Included within comprehensive income is the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, change in carrying value of auction rate securities, unrealized gains or losses on derivatives and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments. These adjustments are accumulated within the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Total components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows: December 31, 2016 2015 Foreign currency translation adjustments $ (178,577 ) $ (181,725 ) Change in carrying value of auction rate securities 232 232 Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax of $28 and $45 60 11 Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $134 and $0 (298 ) — Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (178,583 ) $ (181,482 ) Derivative Instruments — The Company's primary market exposures are to interest rates and foreign exchange rates. The Company from time to time may use certain derivative financial instruments to help manage these exposures. The Company executes these instruments with financial institutions it judges to be credit-worthy. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company recognizes all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has an interest rate swap that is classified as a cash flow hedge of its variable rate debt. The Company has no derivatives that are not accounted for as a hedging instrument. Cash Flow Hedges — The Company's current and previous cash flow hedge is an interest rate swap under which it pays fixed rates of interest. The fair value amounts in the consolidated balance sheets were: Notional Amounts 1 Other Assets Other Current Liabilities Deferred Income Taxes And Other Long-Term Liabilities December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 $ 23,156 $ — $ 77 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — (1) Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivative outstanding. The derivative gains and losses in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , related to the Company's current and previous interest rate swap contracts were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Effective portion recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), pretax: Interest rate swap $ 85 $ 304 $ 567 Effective portion reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense, pretax: Interest rate swap $ (8 ) $ (153 ) $ (295 ) Ineffective portion recognized in income: Interest rate swap $ — $ — $ — Business Segment Information — The Company operates in one segment which involves the design, development, production and distribution of fiber lasers, laser systems, fiber amplifiers, and related optical components. The Company has a single, company-wide management team that administers all properties as a whole rather than as discrete operating segments. The chief decision maker, who is the Company's chief executive officer, measures financial performance as a single enterprise and not on legal entity or end market basis. Throughout the year, the chief decision maker allocates capital resources on a project-by-project basis across the Company's entire asset base to maximize profitability without regard to legal entity or end market basis. The Company operates in a number of countries throughout the world in a variety of product lines. Information regarding geographic financial information and product lines is provided in Note 15. Earnings Per Share — The Company computes net income per share in accordance with ASC 260- Earnings Per Share . Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-18 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash" ("ASU 2016-18"), and in August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"). ASU 2016-18 and ASU 2016-15 provide guidance on a total of nine specific cash flow classification issues to reduce diversity in practice. ASU 2016-18 and ASU 2016-15 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected to adopt these standards as of December 31, 2016 on a retrospective basis which resulted in no impact on the Company's reported cash flows for any period presented. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets other than Inventory" ("ASU 2016-16"). ASU 2016-16 eliminates the current exception that prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income tax consequences for intra-entity asset transfers (other than inventory) until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The amendments will be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Deferred tax assets should be assessed to determine if realizable. Disclosures will be required for the (i) reason for and notice of change, (ii) effect of change on income from continuing operations and (iii) cumulative effect of change on retained earnings. Public entities will apply these changes in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim reporting periods within such period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2016-09"). ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The impact that the standard will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements will depend upon certain criteria including the timing of the exercise and release of equity instruments, the value realized upon exercise or release of equity instruments and the fair value of the equity instruments when they were granted. The excess tax benefit from the exercise of equity instruments was $5,408 and $6,911 for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms greater than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have and does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have and does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" ("ASU 2015-17"). ASU 2015-17 removes the requirement to separate and classify deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts and requires an entity to classify all deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2016, and has retrospectively reclassified $17,156 of current net current deferred income tax assets to long-term net deferred taxes as of December 31, 2015. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in "Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)", and requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2015-14"), which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which would be the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. This additional guidance does not change the core principle of the revenue recognition guidance issued in May 2014, rather, it provides clarification of accounting for collections of sales taxes as well as recognition of revenue (i) associated with contract modifications, (ii) for noncash consideration, and (iii) based on the collectability of the consideration from the customer. The guidance also specifies when a contract should be considered "completed" for purposes of applying the transition guidance. The Company has completed an initial assessment of the new guidance and is currently evaluating the impact this standard may have on its financial statements and has not decided upon which one of two retrospective application methods it will be using upon adoption. Subsequent Events — The Company has considered the impact of subsequent events through the filing date of these financial statements. There were no events through the filing date of these financial statements required to be disclosed. |