Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies a) Basis of presentation The Company is in the process of evaluating CaiE as a business opportunity and has minimal operating expenses. Our fiscal year end is December 31. The accompanying financial statements of Arvana Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) for financial information with the instructions to Form 10-K and Regulation S-K. Results are not necessarily indicative of results which may be achieved in the future. b) Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. c) Foreign currency translation and transactions Transactions conducted in foreign currencies are recorded using the exchange rate in effect on the transaction date. At the period end, monetary assets and liabilities are translated to the functional currency of each entity using the exchange rate in effect at the period end date. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. d) Comprehensive income (loss) The Company considers comprehensive income (loss) as a change in equity (net assets) of a business entity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. e) Cash equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid investments, with terms to maturity of three months or less when acquired, to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as at December 31, 2018. f) Financial instruments The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate such values: Cash - the carrying amount approximates fair value because the amounts consist of cash held at a bank. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, convertible loans, loans payable and amounts due to related parties - the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations. The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 follows: December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Cash $ 815 $ 815 $ 4,730 $ 4,730 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1,012,714 1,012,714 1,075,409 1,075,409 Convertible loans 62,741 62,741 50,000 50,000 Loans payable to stockholders 583,593 583,593 600,651 600,651 Loans payable to related party 129,231 129,231 131,000 131,000 Loans payable 47,330 47,330 75,813 75,813 Amounts due to related parties $ 491,171 $ 491,171 $ 549,132 $ 549,132 The following table presents information about the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and included situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset: December 31, 2018 Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash $ 815 $ 815 $ — $ — The fair value of cash is determined through market, observable and corroborated sources. g) Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash. The Company maintains cash in bank accounts that, at times, may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. h) Income taxes A deferred tax asset or liability is recorded for all temporary differences between financial and tax reporting and net operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change during the year of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. i) Stock-based compensation The Company accounts for all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees under ASC 718 “Stock Compensation,” using the fair value method. Under the fair value method, stock-based payments are measured at the fair value of the consideration received, or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, or liabilities incurred, whichever is more reliably measurable. The cost of stock-based payments to non-employees that are fully vested and non-forfeitable at the grant date is measured and recognized at that date. j) Beneficial conversion feature From time-to-time, the Company may issue convertible notes that may have conversion prices that create an embedded beneficial conversion feature. A beneficial conversion feature exists on the date a convertible note is issued when the fair value of the underlying common stock to which the note is convertible into is in excess of the remaining unallocated proceeds of the note after first considering the allocation of a portion of the note proceeds to the fair value of any attached equity instruments, if any related equity instruments were granted with the debt. The intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature is recorded as a debt discount with a corresponding amount to additional paid in capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the note using the effective interest method. k) Earnings (loss) per share Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including stock options and warrants. There were no outstanding stock options or warrants as at December 31, 2018 and 2017. l) Recent accounting pronouncements New and amended standards adopted by the Company There were no new and amended standards adopted by the Company during the year which had a material impact on the Company’s audited financial statements except the following: In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Updates ASU 2016-18, requiring that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of- period total cash amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Consequently, transfers between cash and restricted cash is not presented as a separate line item in the operating, investing or financing sections of the cash flow statement. The amendments were effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company considers that ASU 2016-18 has had no impact on the presentation of the statement of cash flows. New standards and interpretations not yet adopted by the Company Several new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations are effective for annual periods beginning after the closing date of this report and have not been applied in preparing these audited financial statements: In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). In July 2018 and December 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-11, and 2018-20, respectively. These standards require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The standards require lessors to classify leases as either sales-type, finance or operating. A sales-type lease occurs if the lessor transfers all the risks and rewards, as well as control of the underlying asset, to the lessee. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as a financing lease. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, which results in an operating lease. These standards will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. The Company believes there will be no material impact upon the adoption of these standards on its results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and financial statement disclosures. In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Updates ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, requiring certain changes to the recognition and measurement as well as disclosure of incurred and expected credit losses. The standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19 to clarify certain aspects of the new current expected credit losses impairment model in ASU 2016-13. ASU 2018-19 points out that operating lease receivables are within the scope of ASC 842 rather than ASC 326. The Company is currently assessing the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and financial statement disclosures. In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Updates ASU 2017-11, requiring certain changes to the presentation and disclosures of changes to liability or equity classification of financial instruments. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and financial statement disclosures. In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Updates ASU 2018-07, requiring certain changes to nonemployee share-based payment accounting. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and financial statement disclosures. In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Updates ASU 2018-13, which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. The amendments in this ASU are the result of a broader disclosure project called FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting — Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and financial statement disclosures. |