LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows: ($ in thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial $ 100,849 $ 106,771 Commercial Real Estate 702,410 645,166 Agriculture 103,772 114,040 Residential Mortgage 98,521 92,669 Residential Construction 12,407 10,167 Consumer 15,064 15,287 1,033,023 984,100 Allowance for credit losses (15,579 ) (14,792 ) Net deferred origination fees and costs 277 830 Loans, net $ 1,017,721 $ 970,138 At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual or potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL on loans by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Residential Mortgage Residential Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Balance as of March 31, 2023 $ 1,750 $ 9,155 $ 873 $ 1,678 $ 417 $ 365 $ 1,246 $ 15,484 Provision for credit losses (36 ) 895 2,633 146 70 1 (1,109 ) 2,600 Charge-offs (51 ) — (2,567 ) — — — — (2,618 ) Recoveries 112 — — — — 1 — 113 Net charge-offs 61 — (2,567 ) — — 1 — (2,505 ) Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ 1,775 $ 10,050 $ 939 $ 1,824 $ 487 $ 367 $ 137 $ 15,579 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Residential Mortgage Residential Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 1,463 $ 10,073 $ 1,757 $ 880 $ 178 $ 173 $ 268 $ 14,792 Impact of adopting ASC 326 623 (464 ) (671 ) 834 200 201 77 800 Balance as of January 1, 2023, post adoption of ASC 326 2,086 9,609 1,086 1,714 378 374 345 15,592 Provision for credit losses (268 ) 441 2,420 113 109 (7 ) (208 ) 2,600 Charge-offs (178 ) — (2,567 ) (3 ) — (1 ) — (2,749 ) Recoveries 135 — — — — 1 — 136 Net charge-offs (43 ) — (2,567 ) (3 ) — — — (2,613 ) Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ 1,775 $ 10,050 $ 939 $ 1,824 $ 487 $ 367 $ 137 $ 15,579 During . The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 ($ in thousands) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Residential Mortgage Residential Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Balance as of March 31, 2022 $ 1,747 $ 9,380 $ 1,607 $ 754 $ 135 $ 191 $ 444 $ 14,258 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 183 191 87 48 16 (9 ) (216 ) 300 Charge-offs (297 ) — — — — (5 ) — (302 ) Recoveries 17 — — — — 2 — 19 Net (charge-offs)/recoveries (280 ) — — — — (3 ) — (283 ) Balance as of June 30, 2022 $ 1,650 $ 9,571 $ 1,694 $ 802 $ 151 $ 179 $ 228 $ 14,275 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 ($ in thousands) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Agriculture Residential Mortgage Residential Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,604 $ 8,808 $ 1,482 $ 742 $ 74 $ 167 $ 1,075 $ 13,952 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 319 763 212 60 77 16 (847 ) 600 Charge-offs (297 ) — — — — (9 ) — (306 ) Recoveries 24 — — — — 5 — 29 Net (charge-offs)/recoveries (273 ) — — — — (4 ) — (277 ) Balance as of June 30, 2022 $ 1,650 $ 9,571 $ 1,694 $ 802 $ 151 $ 179 $ 228 $ 14,275 Collateral-Dependent Loans In accordance with ASC 326, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. All loans individually analyzed were collateral-dependent loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: June 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — — — Agriculture — — — — — 1,054 4,109 5,163 Residential Mortgage 412 — — — — — — 412 Residential Construction — — — — — — — — Consumer — 388 205 — — — — 593 Total $ 412 $ 388 $ 205 $ — $ — $ 1,054 $ 4,109 $ 6,168 December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — — — Agriculture — — — — — 1,148 6,268 7,416 Residential Mortgage 123 — — — — — — 123 Residential Construction — — — — — — — — Consumer — — 637 — — — — 637 Total $ 123 $ — $ 637 $ — $ — $ 1,148 $ 6,268 $ 8,176 Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had no residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Non-accrual and Past Due Loans The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, was as follows: ($ in thousands) 30-59 days Past Due Accruing 60-89 days Past Due Accruing 90 days or More Past Due & Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Loans Current & Accruing Loans Total Loans Nonaccrual loans with No ACL June 30 2023 Commercial $ — $ — $ 403 $ — $ 403 $ 100,446 $ 100,849 $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — 702,410 702,410 — Agriculture — — — 5,163 5,163 98,609 103,772 5,163 Residential Mortgage 339 — — 412 751 97,770 98,521 412 Residential Construction — — — — — 12,407 12,407 — Consumer 200 84 — 593 877 14,187 15,064 593 Total $ 539 $ 84 $ 403 $ 6,168 $ 7,194 $ 1,025,829 $ 1,033,023 $ 6,168 December 31, 2022 Commercial $ 41 $ — $ 403 $ — $ 444 $ 106,327 $ 106,771 $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — 645,166 645,166 — Agriculture — — — 7,416 7,416 106,624 114,040 7,416 Residential Mortgage — — — 123 123 92,546 92,669 123 Residential Construction — — — — — 10,167 10,167 — Consumer — — — 637 637 14,650 15,287 637 Total $ 41 $ — $ 403 $ 8,176 $ 8,620 $ 975,480 $ 984,100 $ 8,176 The Company recognized $1,285,000 and $13,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized $1,285,000 and $28,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Loan Modifications On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delays or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the ACL. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the periods indicated, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below. The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the three months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ — $ — — Commercial Real Estate — 400 0.06 % Agriculture 4,005 — 3.86 % Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 4,005 $ 400 3.92 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ — $ 50 0.05 % Commercial Real Estate — 400 0.06 % Agriculture 4,005 — 3.86 % Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 4,005 $ 450 3.97 % The Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified at June 30, 2023. The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three-month period ended June 30, 2023: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial — $ — Commercial Real Estate 0.25 % 26 Agriculture — 4 Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 0.25 % $ 6 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six-month period ended June 30, 2023: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial 0.50 % $ 38 Commercial Real Estate 0.25 % 26 Agriculture — 4 Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 0.28 % $ 6 There were two agricultural loans totaling $4,005,000 that were modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company recorded charge-offs on these two agricultural loans totaling $2,567,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently become uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount. Troubled Debt Restructurings Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02 Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company accounted for a modification to the contractual terms of a loan that resulted in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The Company had $8,399,000 in TDR loans as of December 31, 2022. Specific reserves for TDR loans totaled $77,000 as of December 31, 2022. TDR loans performing in compliance with modified terms totaled $8,399,000 as of December 31, 2022. There were no loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended June 30, 2022. Loans modified as TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Six months ended June 30, 2022 Number of Contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Consumer 1 $ 75 $ 75 Total 1 $ 75 $ 75 There were no loans modified as a TDR within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022. Credit Quality Indicators All loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company. Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant. All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State bank regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss. For the definitions of each risk rating, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following tables present the loan portfolio by loan class, origination year, and internal risk rating as of June 30, 2023. Generally, existing term loans that were re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal. Lines of credit that have a conversion feature at the time of origination, such as construction to permanent loans, are presented by year of origination. Revolving loans converted to term loans totaled $358,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2023. (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of June 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 5,567 $ 20,674 $ 24,445 $ 6,750 $ 8,928 $ 9,593 $ 22,281 $ 98,238 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 47 — 1,996 568 — — — 2,611 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial loans $ 5,614 $ 20,674 $ 26,441 $ 7,318 $ 8,928 $ 9,593 $ 22,281 $ 100,849 Year-to-date Period Write-offs — (91 ) — — (87 ) — — (178 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — 86 49 — 135 Year-to-date Net Write-offs — (91 ) — — (1 ) 49 — (43 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 74,538 $ 173,787 $ 201,926 $ 45,638 $ 58,982 $ 126,251 $ 7,035 $ 688,157 Special Mention — — — 855 2,927 — — 3,782 Substandard 400 — 171 2,136 6,736 1,028 — 10,471 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 74,938 $ 173,787 $ 202,097 $ 48,629 $ 68,645 $ 127,279 $ 7,035 $ 702,410 Year-to-date Write-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 6,235 $ 21,015 $ 23,921 $ 9,038 $ 4,470 11,857 $ 21,009 $ 97,545 Special Mention — — — — — 1,064 — 1,064 Substandard — — 1,572 — — — 3,591 5,163 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 6,235 $ 21,015 $ 25,493 $ 9,038 $ 4,470 $ 12,921 $ 24,600 $ 103,772 Year-to-date Write-offs (1,825 ) — — — — — (742 ) (2,567 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Write-offs (1,825 ) — — — — — (742 ) (2,567 ) (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of June 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 10,396 $ 23,601 $ 27,060 $ 14,931 $ 6,134 $ 15,948 $ — $ 98,070 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 39 — — 412 — 451 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 10,396 $ 23,601 $ 27,099 $ 14,931 $ 6,134 $ 16,360 $ — $ 98,521 Year-to-date Write-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Write-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Residential Construction Pass $ 2,536 $ 6,160 $ 3,711 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,407 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 2,536 $ 6,160 $ 3,711 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,407 Year-to-date Write-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 314 $ 822 $ 144 $ 197 $ 68 $ 447 $ 12,479 $ 14,471 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 593 593 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 314 $ 822 $ 144 $ 197 $ 68 $ 447 $ 13,072 $ 15,064 Year-to-date Write-offs (1 ) — — — — — — (1 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — 1 — 1 Year-to-date Net Write-offs (1 ) — — — — 1 — — Total Loans Pass $ 99,586 $ 246,059 $ 281,207 $ 76,554 $ 78,582 $ 164,096 $ 62,804 $ 1,008,888 Special Mention — — — 855 2,927 1,064 — 4,846 Substandard 447 — 3,778 2,704 6,736 1,440 4,184 19,289 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 100,033 $ 246,059 $ 284,985 $ 80,113 $ 88,245 $ 166,600 $ 66,988 $ 1,033,023 Year-to-date Write-offs $ (1,826 ) $ (91 ) $ — $ — $ (87 ) $ (3 ) $ (742 ) $ (2,749 ) Year-to-date Recoveries $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 86 $ 50 $ — $ 136 Year-to-date Net Write-offs $ (1,826 ) $ (91 ) $ — $ — $ (1 ) $ 47 $ (742 ) $ (2,613 ) The following table presents the risk ratings by loan class as of December 31, 2022. Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total December 31, 2022 Commercial $ 106,643 $ — $ 128 $ — $ — $ 106,771 Commercial Real Estate 631,693 6,748 6,725 — — 645,166 Agriculture 105,560 1,064 7,416 — — 114,040 Residential Mortgage 92,299 207 163 — — 92,669 Residential Construction 10,167 — — — — 10,167 Consumer 14,650 — 637 — — 15,287 Total $ 961,012 $ 8,019 $ 15,069 $ — $ — $ 984,100 |