LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows: ($ in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 108,786 $ 106,897 Commercial Real Estate 726,069 721,729 Agriculture 91,865 105,838 Residential Mortgage 108,553 107,328 Residential Construction 11,981 12,323 Consumer 16,087 14,868 1,063,341 1,068,983 Allowance for credit losses (16,246 ) (16,596 ) Net deferred origination fees and costs 201 78 Loans, net $ 1,047,296 $ 1,052,465 At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual and potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. Allowance for Credit Losses - Three months ended March 31, 2024 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (Recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 2,041 $ (130 ) $ 41 $ (405 ) $ 1,547 Commercial Real Estate 10,864 — — (368 ) 10,496 Agriculture 997 — — 644 1,641 Residential Mortgage 2,005 — — (104 ) 1,901 Residential Construction 334 — — 27 361 Consumer 355 (13 ) 2 (44 ) 300 Allowance for credit losses on loans 16,596 (143 ) 43 (250 ) 16,246 Reserve for unfunded commitments 1,150 — — (50 ) 1,100 Total $ 17,746 $ (143 ) $ 43 $ (300 ) $ 17,346 Allowance for Credit Losses – Three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Adoption of CECL Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (Recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 1,491 $ 689 $ (127 ) $ 23 $ (173 ) $ 1,903 Commercial Real Estate 10,259 (513 ) — — 211 9,957 Agriculture 1,789 (742 ) — — (98 ) 949 Residential Mortgage 896 923 (3 ) — 9 1,825 Residential Construction 181 221 — — 51 453 Consumer 176 222 (1 ) — — 397 Allowance for credit losses on loans 14,792 800 (131 ) 23 — 15,484 Reserve for unfunded commitments 700 500 — — — 1,200 Total $ 15,492 $ 1,300 $ (131 ) $ 23 $ — $ 16,684 The Company moved from California state loss drivers to national loss drivers at the beginning of 2024. The reason for the change is a higher loan loss correlation between the national loss driver variables than the state loss driver variables. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the levels of forecasted national unemployment and forecasted gross domestic product remained relatively stable. Those factors, coupled with a decrease in loans, were the reasons for the reversal of provision for credit losses for the q Collateral-Dependent Loans In accordance with ASC 326, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. All loans individually analyzed were collateral-dependent loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: March 31, 2024 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- 1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ 139 $ — $ — $ — $ 139 Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — — — Agriculture — — — — — 899 1,829 2,728 Residential Mortgage 1,315 — — — — — — 1,315 Residential Construction — — — — 4,000 — — 4,000 Consumer — 335 267 — — — — 602 Total $ 1,315 $ 335 $ 267 $ 139 $ 4,000 $ 899 $ 1,829 $ 8,784 December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- 1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — — — Agriculture — — — — — 946 1,925 2,871 Residential Mortgage 424 — — — — — — 424 Residential Construction — — — — — — — — Consumer — 351 352 — — — — 703 Total $ 424 $ 351 $ 352 $ — $ — $ 946 $ 1,925 $ 3,998 Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had no residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Non-accrual and Past Due Loans The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was as follows: ($ in thousands) 30-59 days Past Due & Accruing 60-89 days Past Due & Accruing 90 days or More Past Due & Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Loans Current & Accruing Loans Total Loans Nonaccrual loans with No ACL March 31 2024 Commercial $ 1,032 $ 50 $ — $ 139 $ 1,221 $ 107,565 $ 108,786 $ 139 Commercial Real Estate — — — — — 726,069 726,069 — Agriculture 922 — — 2,728 3,650 88,215 91,865 2,728 Residential Mortgage 386 — — 1,315 1,701 106,852 108,553 1,315 Residential Construction — — — 4,000 4,000 7,981 11,981 4,000 Consumer — — — 602 602 15,485 16,087 602 Total $ 2,340 $ 50 $ — $ 8,784 $ 11,174 $ 1,052,167 $ 1,063,341 $ 8,784 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 91 $ 178 $ — $ — $ 269 $ 106,628 $ 106,897 $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — 721,729 721,729 — Agriculture — — — 2,871 2,871 102,967 105,838 2,871 Residential Mortgage 976 — 916 424 2,316 105,012 107,328 424 Residential Construction — — 3,420 — 3,420 8,903 12,323 — Consumer 194 — — 703 897 13,971 14,868 703 Total $ 1,261 $ 178 $ 4,336 $ 3,998 $ 9,773 $ 1,059,210 $ 1,068,983 $ 3,998 The Company recognized $5,000 and $0 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Loan Modifications Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delays or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the ACL. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the periods ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below. ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable March 31, 2024 Commercial $ 2,718 $ — 2.50 % Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 2,718 $ — 0.26 % ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable March 31, 2023 Commercial $ 250 $ 50 0.29 % Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 250 $ 50 0.03 % The Company had commitments totaling $835 and $0 to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) March 31, 2024 Commercial — $ 8 Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total — $ 8 ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) March 31, 2023 Commercial 0.50 % $ 9 Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 0.50 % $ 9 There were no loans modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount. Credit Quality Indicators All loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company. Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant. All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State bank regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss. For the definitions of each risk rating, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The following tables present the loan portfolio by loan class, origination year, and internal risk rating as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Generally, existing term loans that were re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal. Lines of credit that have a conversion feature at the time of origination, such as construction to permanent loans, are presented by year of origination. Revolving loans converted to term loans totaled $630,000 and $881,000 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 13,255 $ 17,078 $ 15,223 $ 14,713 $ 4,972 $ 12,759 $ 21,639 $ 99,639 Special Mention — — 2,348 2,771 212 289 1,790 7,410 Substandard 927 — — — 521 — 289 1,737 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial loans $ 14,182 $ 17,078 $ 17,571 $ 17,484 $ 5,705 $ 13,048 $ 23,718 $ 108,786 Current Period Write-offs — (40 ) (75 ) — (13 ) (2 ) — (130 ) Current Period Recoveries — — — — — 41 — 41 Current Period Net Write-offs — (40 ) (75 ) — (13 ) 39 — (89 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 24,352 $ 107,222 $ 174,355 $ 189,466 $ 44,174 $ 159,555 $ 6,785 $ 705,909 Special Mention — — — 2,175 — 1,254 — 3,429 Substandard — 392 — 7,119 1,673 7,547 — 16,731 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 24,352 $ 107,614 $ 174,355 $ 198,760 $ 45,847 $ 168,356 $ 6,785 $ 726,069 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — — — — Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 2,484 $ 7,051 $ 16,881 $ 20,433 $ 6,707 15,645 $ 14,940 $ 84,141 Special Mention — — 1,891 2,996 — — — 4,887 Substandard — — — 899 — — 1,938 2,837 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 2,484 $ 7,051 $ 18,772 $ 24,328 $ 6,707 $ 15,645 $ 16,878 $ 91,865 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — — — — Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 1,312 $ 20,536 $ 23,824 $ 27,975 $ 13,966 $ 19,625 $ — $ 107,238 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 37 — 1,278 — 1,315 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 1,312 $ 20,536 $ 23,824 $ 28,012 $ 13,966 $ 20,903 $ — $ 108,553 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — — — — Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Residential Construction Pass $ 575 $ 3,998 $ 2,073 $ 1,335 $ — $ — $ — $ 7,981 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 4,000 — — — — — — 4,000 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 4,575 $ 3,998 $ 2,073 $ 1,335 $ — $ — $ — $ 11,981 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — — — — Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 207 $ 186 $ 1,173 $ 131 $ 131 $ 310 $ 13,347 $ 15,485 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 602 602 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 207 $ 186 $ 1,173 $ 131 $ 131 $ 310 $ 13,949 $ 16,087 Current Period Write-offs (13 ) — — — — — — (13 ) Current Period Recoveries — — — — — 2 — 2 Current Period Net Write-offs (13 ) — — — — 2 — (11 ) Total Loans Pass $ 42,185 $ 156,071 $ 233,529 $ 254,053 $ 69,950 $ 207,894 $ 56,711 $ 1,020,393 Special Mention — — 4,239 7,942 212 1,543 1,790 15,726 Substandard 4,927 392 — 8,055 2,194 8,825 2,829 27,222 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 47,112 $ 156,463 $ 237,768 $ 270,050 $ 72,356 $ 218,262 $ 61,330 $ 1,063,341 Current Period Write-offs $ (13 ) $ (40 ) $ (75 ) $ — $ (13 ) $ (2 ) $ — $ (143 ) Current Period Recoveries $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 43 $ — $ 43 Current Period Net Write-offs $ (13 ) $ (40 ) $ (75 ) $ — $ (13 ) $ 41 $ — $ (100 ) (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 19,776 $ 16,961 $ 15,833 $ 5,381 $ 7,420 $ 6,298 $ 26,183 $ 97,852 Special Mention — 1,122 2,530 235 308 — 2,936 7,131 Substandard — 32 1,152 542 — — 188 1,914 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial loans $ 19,776 $ 18,115 $ 19,515 $ 6,158 $ 7,728 $ 6,298 $ 29,307 $ 106,897 Current Period Write-offs (47 ) (196 ) (36 ) — (87 ) — — (366 ) Current Period Recoveries — — — — 87 148 — 235 Current Period Net Write-offs (47 ) (196 ) (36 ) — — 148 — (131 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 115,807 $ 173,918 $ 191,907 $ 50,150 $ 52,157 $ 107,909 $ 6,879 $ 698,727 Special Mention — — 7,448 — 2,869 1,273 — 11,590 Substandard 395 — 1,712 1,684 6,604 1,017 — 11,412 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 116,202 $ 173,918 $ 201,067 $ 51,834 $ 61,630 $ 110,199 $ 6,879 $ 721,729 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — — — — Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 6,842 $ 16,985 $ 20,511 $ 8,792 $ 2,509 11,437 $ 29,893 $ 96,969 Special Mention — 1,937 2,996 — — 1,064 — 5,997 Substandard — — 946 — 1,926 — — 2,872 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 6,842 $ 18,922 $ 24,453 $ 8,792 $ 4,435 $ 12,501 $ 29,893 $ 105,838 Current Period Write-offs (1,825 ) — — — — — (742 ) (2,567 ) Current Period Recoveries 1,825 — — — — — 742 2,567 Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 20,239 $ 24,906 $ 26,429 $ 14,500 $ 5,481 $ 15,349 $ — $ 106,904 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 39 — — 385 — 424 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 20,239 $ 24,906 $ 26,468 $ 14,500 $ 5,481 $ 15,734 $ — $ 107,328 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Residential Construction Pass $ 3,714 $ 1,991 $ 3,198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,903 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 3,420 — — — — — 3,420 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 3,714 $ 5,411 $ 3,198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,323 Current Period Write-offs — — — — — — — — Current Period Recoveries — — — — — — — — Current Period Net Write-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 350 $ 758 $ 133 $ 149 $ 70 $ 273 $ 12,516 $ 14,249 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 619 619 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 350 $ 758 $ 133 $ 149 $ 70 $ 273 $ 13,135 $ 14,868 Current Period Write-offs (13 ) — — — — — — (13 ) Current Period Recoveries — — — — — 1 — 1 Current Period Net Write-offs (13 ) — — — — 1 — (12 ) Total Loans Pass $ 166,728 $ 235,519 $ 258,011 $ 78,972 $ 67,637 $ 141,266 $ 75,471 $ 1,023,604 Special Mention — 3,059 12,974 235 3,177 2,337 2,936 24,718 Substandard 395 3,452 3,849 2,226 8,530 1,402 807 20,661 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 167,123 $ 242,030 $ 274,834 $ 81,433 $ 79,344 $ 145,005 $ 79,214 $ 1,068,983 Current Period Write-offs $ (1,885 ) $ (196 ) $ (36 ) $ — $ (87 ) $ (3 ) $ (742 ) $ (2,949 ) Current Period Recoveries $ 1,825 $ — $ — $ — $ 87 $ 149 $ 742 $ 2,803 Current Period Net Write-offs $ (60 ) $ (196 ) $ (36 ) $ — $ — $ 146 $ — $ (146 ) |