LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows: ($ in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 110,749 $ 106,897 Commercial Real Estate 728,724 721,729 Agriculture 96,191 105,838 Residential Mortgage 106,671 107,328 Residential Construction 7,647 12,323 Consumer 16,076 14,868 1,066,058 1,068,983 Allowance for credit losses (17,024 ) (16,596 ) Deferred origination fees and costs, net 114 78 Loans, net $ 1,049,148 $ 1,052,465 At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual or potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 . Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended June 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 1,547 $ (427 ) $ 6 $ 1,233 $ 2,359 Commercial Real Estate 10,496 — — (57 ) 10,439 Agriculture 1,641 — — 39 1,680 Residential Mortgage 1,901 — — (39 ) 1,862 Residential Construction 361 — — 19 380 Consumer 300 (1 ) — 5 304 Allowance for credit losses on loans 16,246 (428 ) 6 1,200 17,024 Reserve for unfunded commitments 1,100 — — (150 ) 950 Total $ 17,346 $ (428 ) $ 6 $ 1,050 $ 17,974 Allowance for credit losses – Six months ended June 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 2,041 $ (557 ) $ 47 $ 828 $ 2,359 Commercial Real Estate 10,864 — — (425 ) 10,439 Agriculture 997 — — 683 1,680 Residential Mortgage 2,005 — — (143 ) 1,862 Residential Construction 334 — — 46 380 Consumer 355 (14 ) 2 (39 ) 304 Allowance for credit losses on loans 16,596 (571 ) 49 950 17,024 Reserve for unfunded commitments 1,150 — — (200 ) 950 Total $ 17,746 $ (571 ) $ 49 $ 750 $ 17,974 The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 1,903 $ (51 ) $ 112 $ (172 ) $ 1,792 Commercial Real Estate 9,957 — — 182 10,139 Agriculture 949 (2,567 ) — 2,565 947 Residential Mortgage 1,825 — — 15 1,840 Residential Construction 453 — — 38 491 Consumer 397 — 1 (28 ) 370 Allowance for credit losses on loans 15,484 (2,618 ) 113 2,600 15,579 Reserve for unfunded commitments 1,200 — — — 1,200 Total $ 16,684 $ (2,618 ) $ 113 $ 2,600 $ 16,779 Allowance for credit losses – Six months ended June 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Adoption of CECL Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 1,491 $ 689 $ (178 ) $ 135 $ (345 ) $ 1,792 Commercial Real Estate 10,259 (513 ) — — 393 10,139 Agriculture 1,789 (742 ) (2,567 ) — 2,467 947 Residential Mortgage 896 923 (3 ) — 24 1,840 Residential Construction 181 221 — — 89 491 Consumer 176 222 (1 ) 1 (28 ) 370 Allowance for credit losses on loans 14,792 800 (2,749 ) 136 2,600 15,579 Reserve for unfunded commitments 700 500 — — — 1,200 Total $ 15,492 $ 1,300 $ (2,749 ) $ 136 $ 2,600 $ 16,779 The Company moved from California state loss drivers to national loss drivers at the beginning of 2024. The reason for the change is a higher loan loss correlation between the national loss driver variables than the state loss driver variables. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the levels of forecasted national unemployment and forecasted gross domestic product remained relatively stable, however, there was an increase in nonaccrual loans requiring specific reserves. As a result, the Company recorded provision for credit losses of $1,050,000 and $750,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Management believes the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2024 appropriately reflected expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date. Collateral-Dependent Loans In accordance with ASC 326, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. All loans individually analyzed were collateral-dependent loans as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: June 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ 2,374 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,374 Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — — — Agriculture — — — — — 849 1,723 2,572 Residential Mortgage 1,275 — — — — — — 1,275 Residential Construction — — — — — — — — Consumer — 319 265 — — — — 584 Total $ 1,275 $ 319 $ 265 $ 2,374 $ — $ 849 $ 1,723 $ 6,805 December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties-junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — — — Agriculture — — — — — 946 1,925 2,871 Residential Mortgage 424 — — — — — — 424 Residential Construction — — — — — — — — Consumer — 351 352 — — — — 703 Total $ 424 $ 351 $ 352 $ — $ — $ 946 $ 1,925 $ 3,998 Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had no residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Non-accrual and Past Due Loans The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was as follows: ($ in thousands) 30-59 days Past Due & Accruing 60-89 days Past Due & Accruing 90 days or More Past Due & Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Loans Current & Accruing Loans Total Loans Nonaccrual loans with No ACL June 30 2024 Commercial $ 220 $ 556 $ — $ 2,374 $ 3,150 $ 107,599 $ 110,749 $ 605 Commercial Real Estate 305 — — — 305 728,419 728,724 — Agriculture — — — 2,572 2,572 93,619 96,191 2,572 Residential Mortgage 863 79 — 1,275 2,217 104,454 106,671 1,275 Residential Construction — — — — — 7,647 7,647 — Consumer — — — 584 584 15,492 16,076 584 Total $ 1,388 $ 635 $ — $ 6,805 $ 8,828 $ 1,057,230 $ 1,066,058 $ 5,036 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 91 $ 178 $ — $ — $ 269 $ 106,628 $ 106,897 $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — 721,729 721,729 — Agriculture — — — 2,871 2,871 102,967 105,838 2,871 Residential Mortgage 976 — 916 424 2,316 105,012 107,328 424 Residential Construction — — 3,420 — 3,420 8,903 12,323 — Consumer 194 — — 703 897 13,971 14,868 703 Total $ 1,261 $ 178 $ 4,336 $ 3,998 $ 9,773 $ 1,059,210 $ 1,068,983 $ 3,998 The Company recognized $314,000 and $1,285,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $319,000 and $1,285,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Loan Modifications Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delays or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the ACL. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the periods indicated, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below. The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the three months ended June 30, 2024 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ 75 $ — 0.07 % Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 75 $ — 0.01 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ 2,793 $ — 2.52 % Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 2,793 $ — 0.26 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the three months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ — $ — — Commercial Real Estate — 400 0.06 % Agriculture 4,005 — 3.86 % Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 4,005 $ 400 3.92 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ — $ 50 0.05 % Commercial Real Estate — 400 0.06 % Agriculture 4,005 — 3.86 % Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 4,005 $ 450 3.97 % The Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified at June 30, 2024. The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three-month period ended June 30, 2024: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial — 62 Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total — 62 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial — 10 Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total — 10 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three-month period ended June 30, 2023: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial — — Commercial Real Estate 0.25 % 26 Agriculture — 4 Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 0.25 % 6 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six-month period ended June 30, 2023: ($ in thousands) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial 0.50 % 38 Commercial Real Estate 0.25 % 26 Agriculture — 4 Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 0.28 % 6 There were no loans modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024. There were two agricultural loans totaling $4,005,000 that were modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company recorded charge-offs on these two agricultural loans totaling $2,567,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently become uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount. Credit Quality Indicators All loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company. Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant. All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State bank regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss. For the definitions of each risk rating, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The following tables present the loan portfolio by loan class, origination year, and internal risk rating as of June 30, 2024. Generally, existing term loans that were re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal. Lines of credit that have a conversion feature at the time of origination, such as construction to permanent loans, are presented by year of origination. Revolving loans converted to term loans totaled $5,044,000 as of June 30, 2024. (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of June 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 20,954 $ 16,123 $ 13,979 $ 14,177 $ 4,494 $ 9,188 $ 23,130 $ 102,045 Special Mention — — 969 2,051 189 271 1,590 5,070 Substandard 756 — — 466 504 — 139 1,865 Doubtful/Loss — — 1,769 — — — — 1,769 Total Commercial loans $ 21,710 $ 16,123 $ 16,717 $ 16,694 $ 5,187 $ 9,459 $ 24,859 $ 110,749 Year-to-date Period Charge-offs — (113 ) (224 ) (5 ) (13 ) (2 ) (200 ) (557 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — 4 — — 43 — 47 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — (113 ) (220 ) (5 ) (13 ) 41 (200 ) (510 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 43,656 $ 109,602 $ 173,398 $ 177,217 $ 41,884 $ 153,674 $ 6,700 $ 706,131 Special Mention 516 — — 2,787 — 1,236 — 4,539 Substandard — 388 1,017 7,514 1,661 7,474 — 18,054 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 44,172 $ 109,990 $ 174,415 $ 187,518 $ 43,545 $ 162,384 $ 6,700 $ 728,724 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 4,432 $ 7,042 $ 16,997 $ 20,401 $ 6,644 15,521 $ 17,599 $ 88,636 Special Mention — — 1,890 2,996 — — — 4,886 Substandard — — — 849 — — 1,820 2,669 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 4,432 $ 7,042 $ 18,887 $ 24,246 $ 6,644 $ 15,521 $ 19,419 $ 96,191 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of June 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 1,306 $ 20,329 $ 23,177 $ 27,674 $ 13,604 $ 19,306 $ — $ 105,396 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 36 — 1,239 — 1,275 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 1,306 $ 20,329 $ 23,177 $ 27,710 $ 13,604 $ 20,545 $ — $ 106,671 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Residential Construction Pass $ 1,055 $ 3,245 $ 2,051 $ 1,296 $ — $ — $ — $ 7,647 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 1,055 $ 3,245 $ 2,051 $ 1,296 $ — $ — $ — $ 7,647 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 247 $ 174 $ 1,151 $ 125 $ 129 $ 281 $ 13,385 $ 15,492 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 584 584 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 247 $ 174 $ 1,151 $ 125 $ 129 $ 281 $ 13,969 $ 16,076 Year-to-date Charge-offs (14 ) — — — — — — (14 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — 2 — 2 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs (14 ) — — — — 2 — (12 ) Total Loans Pass $ 71,650 $ 156,515 $ 230,753 $ 240,890 $ 66,755 $ 197,970 $ 60,814 $ 1,025,347 Special Mention 516 — 2,859 7,834 189 1,507 1,590 14,495 Substandard 756 388 1,017 8,865 2,165 8,713 2,543 24,447 Doubtful/Loss — — 1,769 — — — — 1,769 Total Loans $ 72,922 $ 156,903 $ 236,398 $ 257,589 $ 69,109 $ 208,190 $ 64,947 $ 1,066,058 Year-to-date Charge-offs $ (14 ) $ (113 ) $ (224 ) $ (5 ) $ (13 ) $ (2 ) $ (200 ) $ (571 ) Year-to-date Recoveries $ — $ — $ 4 $ — $ — $ 45 $ — $ 49 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs $ (14 ) $ (113 ) $ (220 ) $ (5 ) $ (13 ) $ 43 $ (200 ) $ (522 ) (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 19,776 $ 16,961 $ 15,833 $ 5,381 $ 7,420 $ 6,298 $ 26,183 $ 97,852 Special Mention — 1,122 2,530 235 308 — 2,936 7,131 Substandard — 32 1,152 542 — — 188 1,914 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial loans $ 19,776 $ 18,115 $ 19,515 $ 6,158 $ 7,728 $ 6,298 $ 29,307 $ 106,897 Year-to-date Period Charge-offs (47 ) (196 ) (36 ) — (87 ) — — (366 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — 87 148 — 235 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs (47 ) (196 ) (36 ) — — 148 — (131 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 115,807 $ 173,918 $ 191,907 $ 50,150 $ 52,157 $ 107,909 $ 6,879 $ 698,727 Special Mention — — 7,448 — 2,869 1,273 — 11,590 Substandard 395 — 1,712 1,684 6,604 1,017 — 11,412 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 116,202 $ 173,918 $ 201,067 $ 51,834 $ 61,630 $ 110,199 $ 6,879 $ 721,729 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 6,842 $ 16,985 $ 20,511 $ 8,792 $ 2,509 11,437 $ 29,893 $ 96,969 Special Mention — 1,937 2,996 — — 1,064 — 5,997 Substandard — — 946 — 1,926 — — 2,872 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 6,842 $ 18,922 $ 24,453 $ 8,792 $ 4,435 $ 12,501 $ 29,893 $ 105,838 Year-to-date Charge-offs (1,825 ) — — — — — (742 ) (2,567 ) Year-to-date Recoveries 1,825 — — — — — 742 2,567 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 20,239 $ 24,906 $ 26,429 $ 14,500 $ 5,481 $ 15,349 $ — $ 106,904 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 39 — — 385 — 424 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 20,239 $ 24,906 $ 26,468 $ 14,500 $ 5,481 $ 15,734 $ — $ 107,328 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Residential Construction Pass $ 3,714 $ 1,991 $ 3,198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,903 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 3,420 — — — — — 3,420 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 3,714 $ 5,411 $ 3,198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,323 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 350 $ 758 $ 133 $ 149 $ 70 $ 273 $ 12,516 $ 14,249 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 619 619 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 350 $ 758 $ 133 $ 149 $ 70 $ 273 $ 13,135 $ 14,868 Year-to-date Charge-offs (13 ) — — — — — — (13 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — 1 — 1 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs (13 ) — — — — 1 — (12 ) Total Loans Pass $ 166,728 $ 235,519 $ 258,011 $ 78,972 $ 67,637 $ 141,266 $ 75,471 $ 1,023,604 Special Mention — 3,059 12,974 235 3,177 2,337 2,936 24,718 Substandard 395 3,452 3,849 2,226 8,530 1,402 807 20,661 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 167,123 $ 242,030 $ 274,834 $ 81,433 $ 79,344 $ 145,005 $ 79,214 $ 1,068,983 Year-to-date Charge-offs $ (1,885 ) $ (196 ) $ (36 ) $ — $ (87 ) $ (3 ) $ (742 ) $ (2,949 ) Year-to-date Recoveries $ 1,825 $ — $ — $ — $ 87 $ 149 $ 742 $ 2,803 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs $ (60 ) $ (196 ) $ (36 ) $ — $ — $ 146 $ — $ (146 ) |