LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows: ($ in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 109,380 $ 106,897 Commercial Real Estate 724,986 721,729 Agriculture 94,994 105,838 Residential Mortgage 106,049 107,328 Residential Construction 7,055 12,323 Consumer 16,227 14,868 1,058,691 1,068,983 Allowance for credit losses (16,422 ) (16,596 ) Deferred origination fees and costs, net 35 78 Loans, net $ 1,042,304 $ 1,052,465 At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual or potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 . Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended September 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 2,359 $ (49 ) $ — $ (739 ) $ 1,571 Commercial Real Estate 10,439 — — 83 10,522 Agriculture 1,680 — — (29 ) 1,651 Residential Mortgage 1,862 — — 50 1,912 Residential Construction 380 — — 86 466 Consumer 304 (5 ) 2 (1 ) 300 Allowance for credit losses on loans 17,024 (54 ) 2 (550 ) 16,422 Reserve for unfunded commitments 950 — — — 950 Total $ 17,974 $ (54 ) $ 2 $ (550 ) $ 17,372 Allowance for credit losses – Nine months ended September 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 2,041 $ (606 ) $ 47 $ 89 $ 1,571 Commercial Real Estate 10,864 — — (342 ) 10,522 Agriculture 997 — — 654 1,651 Residential Mortgage 2,005 — — (93 ) 1,912 Residential Construction 334 — — 132 466 Consumer 355 (19 ) 4 (40 ) 300 Allowance for credit losses on loans 16,596 (625 ) 51 400 16,422 Reserve for unfunded commitments 1,150 — — (200 ) 950 Total $ 17,746 $ (625 ) $ 51 $ 200 $ 17,372 The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 1,792 $ (91 ) $ 20 $ 39 $ 1,760 Commercial Real Estate 10,139 — — 584 10,723 Agriculture 947 — — 86 1,033 Residential Mortgage 1,840 — — 89 1,929 Residential Construction 491 — — (154 ) 337 Consumer 370 (9 ) — 6 367 Allowance for credit losses on loans 15,579 (100 ) 20 650 16,149 Reserve for unfunded commitments 1,200 — — (150 ) 1,050 Total $ 16,779 $ (100 ) $ 20 $ 500 $ 17,199 Allowance for credit losses – Nine months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in thousands) Beginning balance Adoption of CECL Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (recovery) Ending Balance Commercial $ 1,491 $ 689 $ (269 ) $ 155 $ (306 ) $ 1,760 Commercial Real Estate 10,259 (513 ) — — 977 10,723 Agriculture 1,789 (742 ) (2,567 ) — 2,553 1,033 Residential Mortgage 896 923 (3 ) — 113 1,929 Residential Construction 181 221 — — (65 ) 337 Consumer 176 222 (10 ) 1 (22 ) 367 Allowance for credit losses on loans 14,792 800 (2,849 ) 156 3,250 16,149 Reserve for unfunded commitments 700 500 — — (150 ) 1,050 Total $ 15,492 $ 1,300 $ (2,849 ) $ 156 $ 3,100 $ 17,199 The Company utilizes two economic variables, forecasted unemployment and gross domestic product, as loss drivers for its allowance for credit losses. The Company moved from California state loss drivers to national loss drivers at the beginning of 2024. The reason for the change is a higher credit loss correlation between the national loss driver variables than the state loss driver variables. During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, the levels of forecasted national unemployment and forecasted gross domestic product remained relatively stable. The Company recognized a reversal of provision of $550,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a substantial payoff of a non-performing commercial loan relationship. Management believes the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024 appropriately reflected expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date. Collateral-Dependent Loans In accordance with ASC 326, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. All loans individually analyzed were collateral-dependent loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: September 30, 2024 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- 1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Secured by owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — 466 Agriculture — — — — Residential Mortgage 469 — — — Residential Construction — — — — Consumer — 298 263 — Total $ 469 $ 298 $ 263 $ 466 ($ in thousands) Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ 139 $ — $ — $ — $ 139 Commercial Real Estate — — — — 466 Agriculture — — 787 1,593 2,380 Residential Mortgage — — — — 469 Residential Construction — — — — — Consumer — — — — 561 Total $ 139 $ — $ 787 $ 1,593 $ 4,015 December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- 1st lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- junior lien Secured by 1-4 Family Residential Properties- revolving Secured by owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — Agriculture — — — — Residential Mortgage 424 — — — Residential Construction — — — — Consumer — 351 352 — Total $ 424 $ 351 $ 352 $ — ($ in thousands) Commercial Construction and land development Secured by farmland Agriculture production loans Total Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — Agriculture — — 946 1,925 2,871 Residential Mortgage — — — — 424 Residential Construction — — — — — Consumer — — — — 703 Total $ — $ — $ 946 $ 1,925 $ 3,998 Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had no residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Non-accrual and Past Due Loans The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was as follows: ($ in thousands) 30-59 days Past Due & Accruing 60-89 days Past Due & Accruing 90 days or More Past Due & Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Loans Current & Accruing Loans Total Loans Nonaccrual loans with No ACL September 30 2024 Commercial $ 603 $ 41 $ 48 $ 139 $ 831 $ 108,549 $ 109,380 $ 139 Commercial Real Estate — — — 466 466 724,520 724,986 466 Agriculture — 2 — 2,380 2,382 92,612 94,994 2,380 Residential Mortgage 116 81 — 469 666 105,383 106,049 469 Residential Construction — — — — — 7,055 7,055 — Consumer — 100 — 561 661 15,566 16,227 561 Total $ 719 $ 224 $ 48 $ 4,015 $ 5,006 $ 1,053,685 $ 1,058,691 $ 4,015 December 31, 2023 Commercial $ 91 $ 178 $ — $ — $ 269 $ 106,628 $ 106,897 $ — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — 721,729 721,729 — Agriculture — — — 2,871 2,871 102,967 105,838 2,871 Residential Mortgage 976 — 916 424 2,316 105,012 107,328 424 Residential Construction — — 3,420 — 3,420 8,903 12,323 — Consumer 194 — — 703 897 13,971 14,868 703 Total $ 1,261 $ 178 $ 4,336 $ 3,998 $ 9,773 $ 1,059,210 $ 1,068,983 $ 3,998 The Company recognized $119,000 and $4,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $438,000 and $1,289,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Loan Modifications Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delays or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the ACL. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the periods indicated, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below. The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the three months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ 11 $ 47 0.05 % Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 11 $ 47 0.01 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ 2,102 $ 47 1.96 % Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction — — — Consumer — — — Total $ 2,102 $ 47 0.20 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the three months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ — $ — — Commercial Real Estate — — — Agriculture — — — Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction 3,420 — 24.39 % Consumer — — — Total $ 3,420 $ — 0.32 % The amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing both financial difficulty and modification during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows: ($ in thousands) Term Extension Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Total Class of Financing Receivable Commercial $ — $ 44 0.05 % Commercial Real Estate — 398 0.06 % Agriculture 4,005 — 3.64 % Residential Mortgage — — — Residential Construction 3,420 — 24.39 % Consumer — — — Total $ 7,425 $ 442 0.75 % The Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified at September 30, 2024. The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three-month period ended September 30, 2024: Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial 3.00 % 19 Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 3.00 % 19 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024: Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial 3.00 % 9 Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — — Consumer — — Total 3.00 % 9 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three-month period ended September 30, 2023: Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial — — Commercial Real Estate — — Agriculture — — Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — 1 Consumer — — Total — 1 The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023: Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted-Average Term Extension (in months) Commercial 0.50 % 38 Commercial Real Estate 0.25 % 26 Agriculture — 4 Residential Mortgage — — Residential Construction — 1 Consumer — — Total 0.27 % 4 There were no loans modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default during the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2024. There were no loans modified within the previous twelve months and for which there was a payment default during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently become uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount. Credit Quality Indicators All loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company. Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant. All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State bank regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss. For the definitions of each risk rating, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The following tables present the loan portfolio by loan class, origination year, and internal risk rating as of September 30, 2024. Generally, existing term loans that were re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal. Lines of credit that have a conversion feature at the time of origination, such as construction to permanent loans, are presented by year of origination. Revolving loans converted to term loans totaled $6,718,000 as of September 30, 2024. (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 28,566 $ 17,624 $ 12,776 $ 13,570 $ 4,091 $ 8,495 $ 18,645 $ 103,767 Special Mention — — 891 1,807 — — 1,590 4,288 Substandard 559 41 — — 349 — 237 1,186 Doubtful/Loss — — — — 139 — — 139 Total Commercial loans $ 29,125 $ 17,665 $ 13,667 $ 15,377 $ 4,579 $ 8,495 $ 20,472 $ 109,380 Year-to-date Period Charge-offs — (162 ) (224 ) (5 ) (13 ) (2 ) (200 ) (606 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — 4 — — 43 — 47 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — (162 ) (220 ) (5 ) (13 ) 41 (200 ) (559 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 67,094 $ 111,516 $ 171,046 $ 161,470 $ 40,235 $ 136,443 $ 6,616 $ 694,420 Special Mention 516 — — 7,845 — 9,231 — 17,592 Substandard — 385 1,003 2,536 1,650 7,400 — 12,974 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 67,610 $ 111,901 $ 172,049 $ 171,851 $ 41,885 $ 153,074 $ 6,616 $ 724,986 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 4,428 $ 6,621 $ 16,939 $ 20,367 $ 6,471 10,828 $ 21,983 $ 87,637 Special Mention — — 1,890 2,996 — — — 4,886 Substandard — — — 787 — — 1,684 2,471 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 4,428 $ 6,621 $ 18,829 $ 24,150 $ 6,471 $ 10,828 $ 23,667 $ 94,994 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 2,986 $ 20,029 $ 22,785 $ 27,358 $ 13,416 $ 19,006 $ — $ 105,580 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 79 — — 36 — 354 — 469 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 3,065 $ 20,029 $ 22,785 $ 27,394 $ 13,416 $ 19,360 $ — $ 106,049 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Residential Construction Pass $ 2,037 $ 2,124 $ 1,637 $ 1,257 $ — $ — $ — $ 7,055 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 2,037 $ 2,124 $ 1,637 $ 1,257 $ — $ — $ — $ 7,055 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 240 $ 161 $ 1,139 $ 117 $ 125 $ 274 $ 13,610 $ 15,666 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 561 561 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 240 $ 161 $ 1,139 $ 117 $ 125 $ 274 $ 14,171 $ 16,227 Year-to-date Charge-offs (19 ) — — — — — — (19 ) Year-to-date Recoveries 2 — — — — 2 — 4 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs (17 ) — — — — 2 — (15 ) Total Loans Pass $ 105,351 $ 158,075 $ 226,322 $ 224,139 $ 64,338 $ 175,046 $ 60,854 $ 1,014,125 Special Mention 516 — 2,781 12,648 — 9,231 1,590 26,766 Substandard 638 426 1,003 3,359 1,999 7,754 2,482 17,661 Doubtful/Loss — — — — 139 — — 139 Total Loans $ 106,505 $ 158,501 $ 230,106 $ 240,146 $ 66,476 $ 192,031 $ 64,926 $ 1,058,691 Year-to-date Charge-offs $ (19 ) $ (162 ) $ (224 ) $ (5 ) $ (13 ) $ (2 ) $ (200 ) $ (625 ) Year-to-date Recoveries $ 2 $ — $ 4 $ — $ — $ 45 $ — $ 51 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs $ (17 ) $ (162 ) $ (220 ) $ (5 ) $ (13 ) $ 43 $ (200 ) $ (574 ) (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Pass $ 19,776 $ 16,961 $ 15,833 $ 5,381 $ 7,420 $ 6,298 $ 26,183 $ 97,852 Special Mention — 1,122 2,530 235 308 — 2,936 7,131 Substandard — 32 1,152 542 — — 188 1,914 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial loans $ 19,776 $ 18,115 $ 19,515 $ 6,158 $ 7,728 $ 6,298 $ 29,307 $ 106,897 Year-to-date Period Charge-offs (47 ) (196 ) (36 ) — (87 ) — — (366 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — 87 148 — 235 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs (47 ) (196 ) (36 ) — — 148 — (131 ) Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 115,807 $ 173,918 $ 191,907 $ 50,150 $ 52,157 $ 107,909 $ 6,879 $ 698,727 Special Mention — — 7,448 — 2,869 1,273 — 11,590 Substandard 395 — 1,712 1,684 6,604 1,017 — 11,412 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate loans $ 116,202 $ 173,918 $ 201,067 $ 51,834 $ 61,630 $ 110,199 $ 6,879 $ 721,729 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Agriculture Pass $ 6,842 $ 16,985 $ 20,511 $ 8,792 $ 2,509 $ 11,437 $ 29,893 $ 96,969 Special Mention — 1,937 2,996 — — 1,064 — 5,997 Substandard — — 946 — 1,926 — — 2,872 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Agriculture loans $ 6,842 $ 18,922 $ 24,453 $ 8,792 $ 4,435 $ 12,501 $ 29,893 $ 105,838 Year-to-date Charge-offs (1,825 ) — — — — — (742 ) (2,567 ) Year-to-date Recoveries 1,825 — — — — — 742 2,567 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Residential Mortgage Pass $ 20,239 $ 24,906 $ 26,429 $ 14,500 $ 5,481 $ 15,349 $ — $ 106,904 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 39 — — 385 — 424 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Mortgage loans $ 20,239 $ 24,906 $ 26,468 $ 14,500 $ 5,481 $ 15,734 $ — $ 107,328 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — (3 ) — (3 ) Residential Construction Pass $ 3,714 $ 1,991 $ 3,198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,903 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 3,420 — — — — — 3,420 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Residential Construction loans $ 3,714 $ 5,411 $ 3,198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,323 Year-to-date Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — — — — Year-to-date Net Charge-offs — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass $ 350 $ 758 $ 133 $ 149 $ 70 $ 273 $ 12,516 $ 14,249 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 619 619 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Consumer loans $ 350 $ 758 $ 133 $ 149 $ 70 $ 273 $ 13,135 $ 14,868 Year-to-date Charge-offs (13 ) — — — — — — (13 ) Year-to-date Recoveries — — — — — 1 — 1 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs (13 ) — — — — 1 — (12 ) Total Loans Pass $ 166,728 $ 235,519 $ 258,011 $ 78,972 $ 67,637 $ 141,266 $ 75,471 $ 1,023,604 Special Mention — 3,059 12,974 235 3,177 2,337 2,936 24,718 Substandard 395 3,452 3,849 2,226 8,530 1,402 807 20,661 Doubtful/Loss — — — — — — — — Total Loans $ 167,123 $ 242,030 $ 274,834 $ 81,433 $ 79,344 $ 145,005 $ 79,214 $ 1,068,983 Year-to-date Charge-offs $ (1,885 ) $ (196 ) $ (36 ) $ — $ (87 ) $ (3 ) $ (742 ) $ (2,949 ) Year-to-date Recoveries $ 1,825 $ — $ — $ — $ 87 $ 149 $ 742 $ 2,803 Year-to-date Net Charge-offs $ (60 ) $ (196 ) $ (36 ) $ — $ — $ 146 $ — $ (146 ) |