| Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations CafePress Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us," "our") is a retailer of gifts and expressories. We take pride in having the perfect item for every passion. We were founded in 1999 as a California corporation, we reincorporated in Delaware in 2005 and we completed our initial public offering in April 2012. We are a leading retailer of personalized products offering a wide variety of expressive gifts and accessories, including t-shirts and apparel, mugs and drinkware and home goods such as custom shower curtains and bed coverings. We conduct most of our business on our primary United States-based domain, CafePress.com and also operate CafePress branded websites for the markets in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. We also sell CafePress branded products through other online retail partners such as Amazon and Walmart. Our products are customized with expressive designs contributed through a variety of means, including crowd-sourced user generated content, stock art licenses and licensed content relationships with large entertainment companies and brands. Our distinctive items bring our customers' passions to life and connect people to each other. Our production facility and fulfillment center in Louisville, Kentucky has innovative technology and manufacturing processes that enable us to provide high-quality customized products that are individually built to order. Our proprietary processes enable us to produce a broad range of merchandise efficiently and profitably. We also maintain a diverse network of contract manufacturers that give us the ability to broaden our manufacturing capabilities and produce in certain international locales. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer, who manages our operations on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources. As a result, we have a single reporting unit and operating segment which is our single reportable segment. All of our principal operations and decision-making functions are located in the United States. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates Our financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and are based upon certain critical accounting policies. These policies may require management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on our historical experience, contract terms, observance of known trends in our Company and the industry as a whole and information available from outside sources. Our estimates affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those initial estimates. Our most critical estimates relate to revenue recognition, goodwill, property and equipment, inventory and income taxes. Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue from product sales, net of estimated returns based on historical experience, when the following revenue recognition criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or the service has been provided; (3) the selling price or fee revenue earned is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. We evaluate whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs as product revenue or the net amount earned as fulfillment revenue. Revenue is recorded at the gross amount when we are the primary obligor in a transaction, are subject to inventory and credit risk, have latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, or have most of these indicators. Refer to Note 2 - Prior Year Revision, for a discussion of an error that was not material for the period ended December 31, 2015. Product sale and shipping revenue is recognized net of promotional discounts, rebates, and return allowances. Revenue from product sales and services rendered are recorded net of sales and consumption taxes. We periodically provide incentive offers to customers to encourage purchases. Such offers include current discount offers such as percentage discounts off current purchases and other similar offers. Current discount offers, when used by customers, are treated as a reduction of revenue. We maintain an allowance for estimated future returns and credit card chargebacks based on current period revenue and historical experience. Deferred revenue includes funds received in advance of product fulfillment and is deferred until applicable revenue recognition criteria is met. Direct and incremental costs associated with deferred revenue are deferred, classified in deferred costs and recognized in the period revenue is recognized. Goodwill We perform an annual review for impairment of goodwill as of July 1 of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Adverse industry or economic trends, lower projections of profitability, or a substantial decline in our market capitalization, among other items, may be indications of potential impairment issues, which are triggering events requiring the testing of an asset's carrying value for recoverability. Goodwill is allocated and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as the operating segment that (1) constitutes a business, (2) has discrete financial information available, and (3) is regularly reviewed by senior management. As of the dates of our goodwill impairment tests, we had one operating segment and one reporting unit. For the year ended December 31, 2016 , goodwill was tested using a two-step impairment test. We conducted a quantitative test to determine whether it was necessary to complete the two-step impairment test using a more likely than not criteria. The first step was a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Since this step indicated impairment, we proceeded with step two where the potential impairment loss was measured as the excess of recorded goodwill over its implied fair value. In performing our quantitative impairment tests, we determined the fair value of the reporting unit through a combination of the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, we estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow model using a discount rate determined by management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. Under the market approach, we estimated the fair value of our overall business based on our current market capitalization, market comparables, or other objective evidence of fair value. Financial information about the $20.9 million impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 is discussed in Note 6 - Goodwill in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, which includes property and equipment acquired under capital leases, are stated at historical cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and are allocated between cost of net revenue and operating expenses. Amortization expense of assets acquired through capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the statements of operations. The useful lives of the property and equipment are as follows: Building 39 years Office furniture and computers 3 years Computer software 2 to 3 years Production equipment 3 to 7 years Leasehold improvement Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in the statement of operations. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not extend the lives of the assets are charged to expense as incurred. We review the carrying value of our property and equipment used in our operations whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. Adverse industry or economic trends, lower projections of profitability, or a significant, adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, among other items, may be indications of potential impairment issues. If the undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, no impairment is indicated. If the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, an impairment is recorded based on the fair value of the asset. Inventory Inventory is comprised primarily of raw materials and is stated at lower of cost or market using the first-in, first- out (“FIFO”) method. The cost of excess or obsolete inventory is written down to net realizable value when we determine inventories to be slow moving, obsolete or excess, or where the selling price of the product is insufficient to cover product costs and selling expense. This evaluation takes into account expected demand, historical usage, product obsolescence and other factors. Recoveries of previously written down inventory are recognized only when the related inventory is sold and revenue has been recognized. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount we estimate is more likely than not to be realized. We follow the authoritative accounting guidance prescribing a threshold and measurement attribute for the financial recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance also provides for de-recognition of tax benefits, classification on the balance sheet, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The guidance utilizes a two-step approach for evaluating uncertain tax positions. Step one, recognition, requires a company to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. If a tax position is not considered, “more likely than not” to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are to be recognized. Step two, measurement, is based on the largest amount of benefit, which is more likely than not to be realized on ultimate settlement. There was no unrecognized tax benefit for any period presented. We recognize interest and/or penalties related to all tax positions in income tax expense. To the extent that accrued interest and penalties do not ultimately become payable, amounts accrued will be reduced and reflected as a reduction of the overall income tax provision in the period that such determination is made. No interest or penalties have been accrued for any period presented. We have elected to use the “with and without” approach in determining the order in which tax attributes are utilized. As a result, we will only recognize a tax benefit for stock-based awards in additional paid-in capital if an incremental tax benefit is realized after all other tax attributes currently available to us have been utilized. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of deposits in money market funds. Our cash is deposited primarily with U.S. financial institutions. The deposits in money market funds are not federally insured. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments are securities with original maturities greater than three months but less than one year. Short-term investments, consisting of certificates of deposit, are classified as available-for-sale securities and are carried at fair value. The fair value of short-term investments approximates their carrying value, and unrealized gains and losses and realized gains and losses have not been material for all periods presented. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of uncleared credit card transactions at period end and trade amounts due from customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. We have not experienced significant credit losses from our accounts receivable. We perform a regular review of our customers’ payment histories and associated credit risks, and we do not require collateral from our customers. Internal Use Software and Website Development Costs We capitalize eligible costs associated with website development and for software developed or obtained for internal use. We expense all costs that relate to the planning associated with website development and for the post-implementation phases of development as product development expense. Payroll and payroll-related costs incurred in the development phase are capitalized and amortized over the product’s estimated useful life of 2 years . Costs associated with repair or maintenance are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , we capitalized $2.4 million and $1.7 million , respectively, of website development costs and software development costs related to software for internal use. Capitalized internal use software is included in property and equipment, net. During the year ended December 31, 2015 , we recorded an impairment charge of $0.8 million related to capitalized internally developed software and website applications. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities We record our financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value, clarifies the definition of fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value: Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable and accrued liabilities have carrying amounts which approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are deposited primarily with financial institutions and money market funds in the United States. At times, such deposits may be in excess of the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its cash, cash equivalents or short- term investments. Our products and services are concentrated in the e-commerce industry, which is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Our net revenue is settled primarily through credit cards, and to a lesser extent, amounts invoiced to fulfillment services customers and group-buying service providers. For all periods presented, the substantial majority of net revenue were settled through payments by credit card and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , no customer accounted for more than 10% of total net revenue. Credit card receivables settle relatively quickly, and we maintain allowances for potential credit losses based on historical experience. To date, such losses have not been material and have been within management’s expectations. Our trade accounts receivable is derived primarily from customers located in the United States and consist primarily of amounts due from partners and group-buying service providers. We perform an initial credit evaluation at the inception of a contract and regularly evaluate our ability to collect outstanding customer invoices. No customer accounted for more than 10% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2016 . Two customers accounted for 31% ( 18% and 13% , respectively) of gross accounts receivable as of December 31, 2015 . Our accounts payable is settled based on contractual payment terms with our suppliers. One supplier accounted for 10% of accounts payable as of December 31, 2016 . Two suppliers accounted for 29% ( 16% and 13% , respectively) of accounts payable as of December 31, 2015 . Minimum Royalty and Content License Commitments We pay royalties to branded content owners for the use of their content on our products. Royalty-based obligations are generally either paid in advance and capitalized on the balance sheet as prepaid royalties or accrued as incurred and subsequently paid. Royalty-based obligations paid in advance are generally non-refundable. Royalty-based obligations are expensed to cost of net revenue at the contractual royalty rate for the relevant product sales on a per transaction basis. Our contracts with some licensors include minimum guaranteed royalty payments, which are payable regardless of the ultimate volume of sales. When no significant performance remains with the licensor, we initially record each of these guarantees as an asset and as a liability at the contractual amount. We record an asset for the right to use the content on its merchandise because it represents a probable future economic benefit. When significant performance remains with the licensor, we record prepaid royalty payments as an asset when actually paid. We recorded royalty assets of $0.5 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. We recorded a minimum guaranteed liability of $0.4 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. We classify accrued minimum royalty obligations as current liabilities to the extent they are contractually due within twelve months. Each quarter, we evaluate the realization of our royalty assets as well as any unrecognized guarantees not yet paid to determine amounts that we deem unlikely to be realized through product sales. We use estimates of future revenue in determining the projected net cash flows to evaluate the future realization of royalty assets and guarantees. This evaluation considers the term of the agreement and current and anticipated sales levels, as well as other qualitative factors such as the success of similar content deals. To the extent that this evaluation indicates that the remaining royalty assets and guaranteed royalty payments may not be recoverable, we record an impairment charge to cost of net revenue in the period impairment is indicated. Cost of Net Revenue Cost of net revenue includes materials, shipping, labor, royalties and fixed overhead costs related to manufacturing facilities, as well as outbound shipping and handling costs, including those related to promotional free shipping and subsidized shipping and handling. Royalty payments or commission expense to content owners for transactions where we act as principal and record revenue on a gross basis are included in cost of net revenue and accrued in the period revenue is recognized. Such royalty and commission payments included in cost of net revenue were $6.2 million and $7.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Technology and Development Technology and development costs consist of costs related to engineering, network operations, and information technology, including personnel expenses of employees involved in these roles. Technology and development costs are expensed as incurred except for certain costs relating to the development of internal use software and website development, which are capitalized and amortized over two years. Restructuring Costs We record restructuring costs when expenses are incurred. We accrue for lease termination costs when the restructuring event takes place. We accrue for severance costs once the total severance expense has been calculated, approved and communicated. We also accelerate depreciation using a revised economic life of the leasehold improvement assets. Financial information about the $2.1 million restructuring costs recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 is discussed in Note 11- Restructuring in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Advertising Expense The costs of producing advertisements are expensed at the time production occurs and the cost of communicating advertising is expensed in the period during which the advertising space is used. Internet advertising expenses are recognized based on the terms of the individual agreements, which is primarily on a pay-per-click basis. Advertising expenses totaled $8.9 million and $ 8.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Stock-Based Compensation We measure stock based awards at fair value and recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock awards. We estimate the fair value of stock options and performance stock options granted using the Black-Scholes valuation model. This model requires us to make estimates and assumptions including, among other things, estimates regarding the length of time an employee will retain vested stock options before exercising them, the estimated volatility of our common stock price and the number of options that will be forfeited prior to vesting. The fair value is than amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. Compensation expense associated with performance based options is recognized using an attribution model and is based on whether or not satisfaction of the performance criteria is probable. The cost of restricted stock awards is determined using the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized for restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Sales taxes When sales and other taxes are billed, such amounts are recorded as accounts receivable with a corresponding increase to sales taxes payable. The balances are then removed from the balance sheet as cash is collected from the customer and is remitted to the tax authority. Comprehensive (Loss) Income Comprehensive (loss) income consists of two components, net (loss) income and other comprehensive (loss) income. Through December 31, 2016 , the components of comprehensive (loss) income are not significant, individually or in the aggregate and therefore, no comprehensive (loss) income information has been presented. Net (Loss) Income Per Share Basic net (loss) income per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net (loss) income per share of common stock is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock outstanding during the period, including stock options and awards. The computation of diluted net (loss) income does not assume conversion or exercise of potentially dilutive securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and awards is computed using the treasury stock method. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. ASU 2016-18 requires restricted cash and cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows under a retrospective transition approach. The guidance will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and we do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 eliminates the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments for debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, the maturing of a zero coupon bond, the settlement of contingent liabilities arising from a business combination, proceeds from insurance settlements, distributions from certain equity method investees and beneficial interests obtained in a financial asset securitization. ASU 2016-15 designates the appropriate cash flow classification, including requirements to allocate certain components of these cash receipts and payments among operating, investing and financing activities. The retrospective transition method, requiring adjustment to all comparative periods presented, is required unless it is impracticable for some of the amendments, in which case those amendments would be prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The guidance will become effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04, Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products . The ASU exempts prepaid gift certificates from the guidance on extinguishing financial liabilities. The gift certificates will be subject to breakage accounting consistent with the new revenue standard, see below. Breakage should only be recognized to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the recognized breakage amount will not subsequently occur. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and is applied either using a modified retrospective transition method or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to make an accounting policy election to either estimate forfeitures on stock-based payment awards as previously required, or to recognize forfeitures as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. The guidance will become effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2017 and we will elect to recognize forfeitures as they occur and the impact of that change in accounting policy will be recorded as a $0.2 million cumulative effect adjustment to increase additional paid-in-capital and accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2017. We do not expect the other provisions of this accounting standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new lease guidance also simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Our preliminary analysis indicates that for our one remaining operating lease that will be in effect, upon adoption of Topic 842, we will record an estimated lease right of use asset of $1.9 million and a corresponding lease liability of $1.9 million . We are still evaluating the qualitative and quantitative disclosures that will be required when we adopt the standard. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (Topic 330) . ASU 2015-11 requires inventory to be subsequently measured using the lower of cost and net realizable value, thereby eliminating the market value approach. Net realizable value is defined as the “estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.” ASU 2015-11 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and is applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern , which explicitly requires management to assess an entity's ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Management will be required to assess, in each interim and annual period, if there is substantial doubt of an entity's ability to continue as a going concern as evidenced by relevant known or knowable conditions including an entity's ability to meet its future obligations. Management will be required to provide disclosures regardless of whether substantial doubt is alleviated by management's plans. Management prepared a memorandum and concluded that the Company was a going concern and no additional disclosures were required. We adopted this standard effective December 31, 2016 and it did not have an impact on our required disclosures. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), that requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2018. Early application is not permitted. The new standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. Our preliminary analysis indicates that since the |
