Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Description of Business |
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Ixia was incorporated on May 27, 1997 as a California corporation. We are a leading provider of converged Internet Protocol (IP) network test and network visibility solutions. Equipment manufacturers, service providers, enterprises, and government agencies use our solutions to design, verify, and monitor a broad range of Ethernet, Wi-Fi, 3G and 4G/LTE equipment and networks. Our product solutions consist of our hardware platforms, such as our chassis, interface cards and appliances, software application tools, and services, including our warranty and maintenance offerings and professional services. |
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The Company is headquartered in Calabasas, California with operations across the U.S. and the rest of the world. Our revenues are principally derived from shipments within the U.S. and to the EMEA and Asia Pacific regions. |
Restatement [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
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The accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). |
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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In the normal course of preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Principles of Consolidation |
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All subsidiaries are consolidated as they are 100% owned by us. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated in consolidation. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. We generally place funds that are in excess of current needs in high credit quality instruments such as money market funds. There are no restrictions on the use of cash and cash equivalents. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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Our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates their fair values because of the short-term maturity of these instruments and the relative stability of interest rates. See Note 3 for information related to the fair value of our convertible senior notes. |
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Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. There is an established hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. |
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts |
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We utilize foreign currency forward contracts to hedge certain accounts receivable amounts that are denominated in Japanese Yen, Euros and British Pounds. These contracts are cash flow hedges used to reduce the risk associated with exchange rate movements, as gains and losses on these contracts are intended to offset exchange losses and gains on underlying exposures. Foreign currency contracts are typically short-term in duration ranging from one to four months. We do not enter into foreign exchange forward contracts for speculative or trading purposes. Foreign currency contracts are recorded at fair market values and the change in their fair value is recorded as gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of Interest income and other, net. |
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As of December 31, 2013, we held five open foreign currency forward contracts with a notional value of $7.0 million and a net fair value of approximately $54,000. As of December 31, 2012, we held 20 open foreign currency forward contracts with a notional value of $6.5 million and a net fair value of approximately $99,000. During 2013, net gains related to the change in fair value of such foreign currency forward contracts were $658,000. During 2012 and 2011, net losses related to the change in fair value of such foreign currency forward contracts were not significant. Net gains related to the change in fair value are reported as a component of Interest income and other, net in the consolidated statement of income. The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts are reported as a component of Prepaid and other current expenses in the consolidated balance sheet. |
Marketable Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Investments in Marketable Securities |
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We maintain a portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a variety of fixed and variable rate securities, including U.S. government and federal agency securities, corporate debt securities, and money market funds. The primary objective of our investment activities is to maintain the safety of principal and preserve liquidity while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. We determine the appropriate classification of investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase. Accretion and amortization of purchase discounts and premiums are included in interest income and other, net. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value. The net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax. The specific identification method is used to compute realized gains and losses on our marketable securities. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, we had gross realized gains of $4.5 million, $1.3 million and $437,000, respectively. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, gross realized losses were not significant. |
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We regularly review our investment portfolio to determine if any security is other-than-temporarily impaired, which would require us to record an impairment charge in the period any such determination is made. In making this judgment, we evaluate, among other things, the duration and extent to which the fair value of a security is less than its cost and our intent and ability to sell, or whether we will more likely than not be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. We have evaluated our investments as of December 31, 2013 and have determined that no investments with unrealized losses are other-than-temporarily impaired. We do not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that we would be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. |
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It is possible that we could recognize future impairment charges on our investment securities we currently own if future events, new information or the passage of time cause us to determine that a decline in our carrying value is other-than-temporary. We will continue to review and analyze these securities for triggering events each reporting period. See Note 6 for additional information. |
Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. We review the allowance for doubtful accounts and provisions are made upon a specific review of all significant past due receivables. For those receivables not specifically reviewed, provisions are provided at a general rate that considers historical write-off experience and other qualitative factors. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. |
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Inventories |
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Inventories are goods held for sale in the normal course of business. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. The inventory balance consists of raw materials, work in process (“WIP”) and finished goods. Raw materials include low level components, many of which are purchased from vendors, WIP is partially assembled products and finished goods are products that are ready to be shipped to end customers. Consideration is given to inventory shipped and received near the end of a period and the transaction is recorded when transfer of title occurs. We evaluate inventory for excess and obsolescence and adjust to net realizable value based on inventory that is obsolete or in excess of current demand. |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Property, Plant and Equipment |
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of our computer software and equipment is computed using the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the applicable assets, ranging from three to five years. Building and leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term. Useful lives are evaluated periodically by management in order to determine recoverability in light of current technological conditions. Property, plant and equipment also includes the cost of our products used for research and development which are classified as development equipment and are depreciated over five years to research and development. We also capitalize and depreciate over a two-year period costs of our products used for sales and marketing activities, including product demonstrations for potential customers, which is included in Sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred while renewals and improvements are capitalized. Upon the sale or retirement of Property, plant and equipment, the accounts are relieved of the cost and the related Accumulated depreciation, with any resulting gain or loss included in the consolidated statements of operations. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Goodwill |
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Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the acquired net tangible and intangible assets. Although goodwill is not amortized, we review our goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently when events occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The impairment evaluation includes a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting unit to its fair value. If the reporting unit fair value exceeds its carrying value, then no impairment exists. If the fair value does not exceed its carrying value, then additional analysis is performed to determine the amount of any goodwill impairment. We completed our annual goodwill impairment test of our single reporting unit as of December 31, 2013 and determined that there was no impairment. |
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Intangible Assets |
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Intangible assets consist primarily of acquired intellectual property, such as technologies, customer relationships, and trade names. |
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Acquired intangible assets with finite lives, including purchased technology, customer relationships, service agreements, trade names, and non-compete agreements are amortized over their estimated useful lives and reflected in the Amortization of intangible assets line item on our consolidated statements of operations. |
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Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (asset group) may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which the intangible asset is being used, significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; or current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. |
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An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows used in determining the fair value of the asset. The amount of the impairment loss recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis and may involve the use of significant estimates and assumptions, some of which may be based in part on historical experience, forecasted information and discount rates. No such impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Litigation |
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We are a defendant in one class action and in one consolidated shareholder derivative action. We accrue for losses when the loss is deemed probable and the liability can reasonably be estimated. Where a liability is probable and there is a range of estimated loss with no best estimate in the range, we record the minimum estimated liability related to the claim. As additional information becomes available, we assess the potential liability related to our pending litigation and revise our estimates. See Note 10 for additional information. |
Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Product Warranty |
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We generally provide an initial standard warranty (90-day or 12-month periods) on our hardware products after product shipment and accrue for estimated future warranty costs based on actual historical experience and other relevant data, as appropriate, at the time product revenue is recognized. All product warranty expenses associated with our initial standard warranty are reflected within Cost of revenues-products in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accrued product warranty costs are included as a component of accrued expenses and other in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. |
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Activity in the product warranty liability account for the years presented is as follows (in thousands): |
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| | December 31, | | | December 31, | | | December 31, | |
2013 | 2012 | 2011 |
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Balance at beginning of year | | $ | 665 | | | $ | 703 | | | $ | 697 | |
Current year provision | | | 2,219 | | | | 629 | | | | 709 | |
Acquired liability (Net Optics acquisition) | | | 117 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Expenditures | | | (2,355 | ) | | | (667 | ) | | | (703 | ) |
Balance at end of year | | $ | 646 | | | $ | 665 | | | $ | 703 | |
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
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In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued authoritative guidance for the accounting of multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements, which establishes the accounting and reporting guidance for arrangements including multiple revenue-generating activities. This new authoritative guidance for arrangements with multiple deliverables requires that arrangement consideration be allocated at the inception of an arrangement to all deliverables using the relative selling price method. It also establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of each deliverable. The new guidance also eliminates the residual method of allocation for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements that are outside the scope of software revenue recognition guidance. |
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In October 2009, the FASB also issued authoritative guidance for the accounting of certain revenue arrangements that include software elements, which changes the accounting model for revenue arrangements that include both tangible products and software elements that are “essential to the functionality” of the tangible products, and excludes these products from the software revenue accounting guidance. |
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We adopted the new guidance on revenue recognition in the first quarter of 2011 on a prospective basis for applicable revenue arrangements originating or materially modified on or after January 1, 2011. The impact of the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance is to accelerate the timing of revenue recognition principally related to partial shipments of hardware products at the end of accounting periods, which impact may vary from period to period. In periods prior to the adoption of the new guidance, the revenue related to partial shipments of our hardware products which were sold with software deliverables was deferred under the software revenue recognition guidance until the shipment or delivery of all items of a multiple element arrangement had occurred, other than the delivery of post contract customer support and maintenance (“PCS”). PCS was deferred based on established vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price. As our revenues are generated from the sale of hardware and software products, and related services, a portion of our revenues will continue to be recognized under the software revenue recognition guidance (see below for additional information). |
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Sales of our network test hardware products primarily consist of traffic generation and analysis hardware platforms containing multi-slot chassis and interface cards. Our primary network test hardware platform is enabled by our operating system software that is essential to the functionality of the hardware platform. Sales of our network visibility hardware products typically include an integrated, purpose-built hardware appliance with essential, proprietary software. Our software products consist of a comprehensive suite of technology-specific applications for certain of our network test hardware platforms. Our software products are typically installed on and work with these hardware products to further enhance the core functionality of the overall network test system, although some of our software products can be operated independently from our network test platforms. |
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Our service revenues primarily consist of technical support, warranty and software maintenance services related to our network test and visibility hardware and software products. Many of our products include up to one year of these services with the initial product purchase and our customers may separately purchase extended services for annual or multi-year periods. Our technical support, warranty and software maintenance services include assistance with the set-up, configuration and operation of our products, repair or replacement of defective products, bug fixes, and unspecified when and if available software upgrades. For certain network test products, our technical support and software maintenance service revenues also include our Application and Threat Intelligence (ATI) service, which provides a comprehensive suite of application protocols, software updates and technical support. The ATI service provides full access to the latest security attacks and application updates for use in real-world test and assessment scenarios. Our customers may purchase the ATI service for annual or multi-year periods. Service revenues also include training and other professional services. |
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As our systems typically include hardware and software products, and the related services, we recognize our revenue in accordance with authoritative guidance on both hardware and software revenue recognition. Furthermore, in accordance with the amended revenue recognition guidance, our hardware platform and certain other products that include both tangible products and software elements that function together to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality have been scoped out of software revenue recognition guidance, and therefore these products are accounted for as hardware products for revenue recognition purposes. |
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For our hardware and software products, and related services, we recognize revenue based on the following four criteria: whether (i) evidence of an arrangement exists, which is typically in the form of a customer purchase order; (ii) delivery has occurred (i.e., risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer); (iii) the sales price is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectibility is deemed reasonably assured (or probable for software-related deliverables). Provided that the above criteria are met, revenue from hardware and software product sales is typically recognized upon shipment and service revenues are recognized as the services are provided or completed. Our service revenues from our initial and separately purchased technical support, warranty and software maintenance arrangements are recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable contractual period. |
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Our systems are generally fully functional at the time of shipment and do not require us to perform any significant production, modification, customization or installation after shipment. If our arrangements include acceptance provisions based on customer specified criteria for which we cannot reliably demonstrate that the delivered product meets all the specified criteria, revenue is deferred until the earlier of the receipt of written customer acceptance or the expiration of the acceptance period. In addition, our arrangements generally do not include any provisions for cancellation, termination or refunds. |
Revenue Recognition, Multiple-deliverable Arrangements, Description [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Multiple Element Arrangements and Allocation of Value |
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Our arrangements with our customers to provide our systems typically include a combination of our hardware and software products, as well as the related technical support, warranty and software maintenance services of these products, and therefore are commonly referred to as multiple element arrangements. When sales arrangements involve hardware and software elements, we use a two-step process to allocate value to each element in the arrangement: |
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| -1 | The total arrangement fee is allocated to the separate non-software deliverables (e.g., chassis, interface cards, and software PCS related to our operating system software that is essential to the functionality of our hardware platform) and the software-related deliverables as a group (e.g., application software and software PCS) based on a relative selling price (“RSP”) method applied to all elements in the arrangement using the selling price hierarchy in the amended revenue recognition guidance as discussed below, and | | | | | | | | | | |
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| -2 | The value assigned to the software group for the software deliverables is then allocated to each software element based on the residual method, whereby value is allocated first to the undelivered elements, typically PCS, and the residual portion of the value is then allocated to the delivered elements (typically the software products) and recognized as revenue, provided all other revenue recognition criteria discussed above have been met. The fair value of an element must be based on vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of the selling price, which typically only exists for technical support, warranty and software maintenance services as discussed below. | | | | | | | | | | |
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Under the RSP method, the selling price to be used in the allocation of the total arrangement fee to each of the elements, or deliverables, is based on a selling price hierarchy, where the selling price for each element is based on (i) VSOE, if available; (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”), if available and VSOE is not available; or (iii) the best estimate of selling price (“BESP”), if neither VSOE nor TPE are available. |
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We determine VSOE of fair value based on a bell-shaped curve approach, considering the actual sales prices charged to customers when the same element is sold separately, provided it is substantive. All of our products are sold as multiple element arrangement and not sold separately, as our products include an initial period (generally 90-day or 12-month periods) of free technical support, warranty and software maintenance services. Accordingly, we have not established VSOE for nearly all of our products. On a regular basis, we separately sell extended technical support, warranty and software maintenance services upon the expiration of the initial contractual periods included in an initial sales arrangement and have been able to establish VSOE for our technical support, warranty and software maintenance services. |
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We generally are not able to determine TPE for our products or services because our products are not interchangeable with those of our competitors. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine competitive selling prices when the applicable competitive products are sold separately. As such, we use BESP for all of our products and services when allocating the total consideration of multiple element arrangements to each of the deliverables under step one of the allocation process described above except for our technical support, warranty and software maintenance services where we use VSOE. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, analyzing historical sales price data for standalone and bundled arrangements, published price lists, geographies and customer types. Our estimate of BESP used in our allocation of arrangement consideration requires significant judgment and we review these estimated selling prices on a quarterly basis. |
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The allocation of value to each deliverable in a multiple element arrangement is completed at the inception of an arrangement, which is typically the receipt of a customer purchase order. The allocated value of each non-software deliverable is then recognized as revenue when each element is delivered, provided all of the other revenue recognition criteria discussed above have been met. For software deliverables, the total software group allocation (or total arrangement consideration for customer orders that include only software products and related services) is allocated based on the residual method which requires that we first allocate value to the undelievered element at vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of the selling price of the undelivered element and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements. As we do not sell our software products without technical support, warranty and software maintenance services, we are unable to establish VSOE for our software products, and therefore use the residual method under the software revenue recognition guidance to allocate the software group (or arrangement) value to each software deliverable. Under the residual method, the software group (or arrangement) value is allocated first to the undelivered elements, typically technical support, warranty and software maintenance services based on VSOE, and the residual portion of the value is then allocated to the delivered elements (typically the software products) and recognized as revenue, provided all other revenue recognition criteria discussed above have been met. If VSOE cannot be established for an undelivered element within the software group (or arrangement), we defer the entire value allocated to the software group (or arrangement) until the earlier of (i) delivery of all elements (other than technical support, warranty and software maintenance services, provided VSOE has been established) or (ii) establishment of VSOE of the undelivered element(s). If the only undelivered element(s) relates to a service for which VSOE has not been established, the entire allocated value of the software group (or arrangement) is recognized as revenue over the longer of the service or contractual period of the technical support, warranty and software maintenance services. |
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Prior to the adoption of the amended revenue recognition guidance on January 1, 2011, our multiple element arrangements did not go through the two-step allocation process described above. The total arrangement consideration was assigned to each deliverable, including hardware products, based on VSOE in accordance with software revenue recognition guidance as described above. As a result, the substantial majority of our revenue was recognized under the residual method as VSOE was only established for our technical support, warranty and software maintenance services. This resulted in the deferral of revenue at the balance sheet date for partial shipments of multiple element arrangements. Under the amended revenue recognition guidance, we are able to allocate value to our hardware products, based on our best estimate of the selling price, and as a result are now typically able to recognize revenue for our hardware products when delivered, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met. |
Revenue Recognition, Sales of Goods [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Sales to Distributors |
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We use distributors and resellers to complement our direct sales and marketing efforts in certain markets and/or for certain products. Due to the broad range of features and options available with our hardware and software products, distributors and resellers generally do not stock our products and typically place orders with us after receiving an order from an end customer. These distributors and resellers receive business terms of sale similar to those received by our other customers; and payment to Ixia is not contingent on sell-through to and receipt of payment from the end customer. As such, for sales to distributors and resellers, we recognize revenue when the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the distributor or reseller provided that the other revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met. |
Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Cost of Revenues |
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Our cost of revenues related to the sale of our hardware and software products includes materials, payments to third party contract manufacturers, royalties, and salaries and other expenses related to our manufacturing and supply operations personnel. We outsource the majority of our manufacturing operations, and we conduct supply chain management, quality assurance, documentation control, shipping and some final assembly and testing at our facilities in Calabasas, California, Austin, Texas and in Penang, Malaysia. Accordingly, a significant portion of our cost of revenues related to our products consists of payments to our contract manufacturers. Cost of revenues related to the provision of services includes salaries and other expenses associated with technical support services and the cost of extended warranty and maintenance services. Cost of revenues does not include the amortization of purchased technology related to our acquisitions of certain businesses, product lines and technologies of $26.0 million, $20.3 million and $10.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, which are included within our Amortization of intangible assets line item on our consolidated statements of operations. |
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Research and Development |
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Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel costs related to the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products. Costs related to research and development activities, including those incurred to establish the technological feasibility of a software product, are expensed as incurred. If technological feasibility is established, all development costs incurred until general product release are subject to capitalization. To date, establishment of technological feasibility of our products and general release have substantially coincided. As a result, we have not capitalized any development costs. |
Internal Use Software, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Software Developed for Internal Use |
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We capitalize costs of software, consulting services, hardware and payroll-related costs incurred to purchase or develop internal-use software in accordance with the authoritative guidance on accounting for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use. Internally developed software includes enterprise-level business software that we are customizing to meet our specific operational needs. To date, internal costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use have not been significant. Internally developed software is amortized over five years. Purchased software is amortized over three years. |
Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Advertising |
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Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs included in sales and marketing were $2.9 million, $2.0 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
Business Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Acquisition and Other Related Costs |
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Acquisition and other related costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of transaction and integration related costs such as success-based banking fees, professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, due diligence, valuation and other related services, change in control payments, amortization of deferred compensation, consulting fees, required regulatory costs, certain employee, facility and infrastructure transition costs, and other related expenses. We expect our acquisition and other related expenses to fluctuate over time based on the timing of our acquisitions and related integration activities. |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Stock-Based Compensation |
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Share-based payments, including grants of stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase rights, are required to be recognized in the financial statements based on the estimated fair values for accounting purposes on the grant date. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value for accounting purposes of stock options and employee stock purchase rights. We use the grant date closing share sales price of a share of our common stock to estimate the fair value for accounting purposes of restricted stock units. The determination of the fair value of share-based awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life and risk-free interest rate. The expected life and expected volatility are estimated based on historical data. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on U.S. constant maturities over the expected life of the award. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our consolidated financial statements is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The amount of stock-based compensation expense is reduced for estimated forfeitures based on historical experience as well as future expectations. Forfeitures are required to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if estimated and actual forfeitures differ from these initial estimates. We evaluate the assumptions used to value share-based awards on a periodic basis. We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the graded, or accelerated multiple-option, approach over the vesting period. |
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We have outstanding share-based awards that have performance-based vesting conditions. Awards with performance-based vesting conditions require the achievement of certain financial or other performance criteria as a condition to the vesting. We recognize the estimated fair value of performance-based awards, net of estimated forfeitures, as stock-based compensation expense over the performance period, using graded approach, based upon our determination of whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. At each reporting period, we reassess the probability of achieving the performance criteria and the performance period required to meet those targets. Determining whether the performance criteria will be achieved involves judgment, and the estimate of stock-based compensation expense may be revised periodically based on changes in the probability of achieving the performance criteria. Revisions are reflected in the period in which the estimate is changed. If performance goals are not met, no stock-based compensation expense is recognized, and, to the extent stock-based compensation was previously recognized, such stock-based compensation is reversed. |
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Income Taxes |
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We account for income taxes using the liability method. Deferred taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected more likely than not to be realized. |
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We recognize, in our consolidated financial statements, the impact of tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the positions. See Note 9 for additional information. |
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Earnings Per Share |
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Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares primarily consist of shares underlying our convertible senior notes, employee stock options and restricted stock units. See Note 13 for additional information. |
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions |
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Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in a local currency environment are translated to U.S. Dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, with the resulting translation adjustments included as a separate component in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Income and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Where the U.S. Dollar is the functional currency, certain balance sheet and income statement accounts are remeasured at historical exchange rates and translation adjustments from the remeasurement of the local currency amounts to U.S. Dollars are included in interest income and other, net. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we had net foreign currency income and (losses) of $267,000, ($519,000) and ($672,000), respectively, attributable to our foreign operations, which includes net gains and losses on forward contracts. |
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Comprehensive Income |
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Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. |
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Segments |
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Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise engaged in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) of the enterprise to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess its performance. Our CODM is our Acting Chief Executive Officer who reviews our consolidated budgets and results for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, we have determined that we operated within one business segment as of, and for the years ended, December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. See Note 5 for entity-wide disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. |
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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During May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides new guidance on the recognition of revenue and states that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is not permitted. We have not evaluated the impact of the adoption of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. |
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In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued changes to the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. These changes require an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a liability in the financial statements if (i) a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position, or (ii) the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position. Otherwise, an unrecognized tax benefit is required to be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. Previously, there was diversity in practice as no explicit guidance existed. The effective date for this disclosure guidance is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013 and is consistent with our current practices. |
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In February 2013, FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Under this standard, entities will be required to disclose additional information with respect to changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) balances by component and significant items reclassified out of AOCI. Expanded disclosures for presentation of changes in AOCI involve disaggregating the total change of each component of other comprehensive income (for example, unrealized gains or losses on available for sale marketable securities) as well as presenting separately for each such component the portion of the change in AOCI related to (1) amounts reclassified into income and (2) current-period other comprehensive income. Additionally, for amounts reclassified into income, disclosure in one location would be required, based upon each specific AOCI component, of the amounts impacting individual income statement line items. Disclosure of the income statement line item impacts will be required only for components of AOCI reclassified into income in their entirety. Therefore, disclosure of the income statement line items affected by AOCI components such as net periodic benefit costs would not be included. The disclosures required with respect to income statement line item impacts would be made in either the notes to the consolidated financial statements or parenthetically on the face of the consolidated statements of operations. The effective date for this disclosure guidance was for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012. We adopted this new guidance prospectively in the quarter ended March 31, 2013 by including the appropriate disclosures. The implementation of this update did not impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows as it was disclosure-only in nature. |
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In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02, Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment. Under this standard, entities testing long-lived intangible assets for impairment now have an option of performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If an entity determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more-likely-than-not less than the carrying amount, the existing quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no further impairment testing is required. The effective date for this disclosure guidance is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2013. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. |