CAPITAL STOCK AND WARRANTS | CAPITAL STOCK AND WARRANTS Common Stock Shelf Registration On April 1, 2020, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-237539) with the SEC, which was declared effective on April 10, 2020 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”). The Shelf Registration Statement contained a prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale by the Company of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $25.0 million of the Company's common stock, preferred stock, warrants and subscription rights, which securities may be sold either individually or in units. Reverse Stock Split On January 15, 2020, the Company completed a 1-for-40 reverse stock split ("Reverse Stock Split") of its common stock by filing a certificate of amendment (the "Charter Amendment") with the State of Delaware to amend its certificate of incorporation. The ratio for the Reverse Stock Split was determined by the Company's board of directors following approval by stockholders at the Company's special meeting held on January 9, 2020. The Reverse Stock Split had the effect of increasing the Company's common shares available for issuance by reducing issued and outstanding common shares by a divisible factor of 40 while its authorized shares remained at the current 60 million shares. Proportional adjustments were made to the Company's outstanding stock options and to the number of shares issued and issuable under the Company's equity compensation plans. November 2019 Concurrent Securities Offerings On November 19, 2019, the Company closed on concurrent public and private securities offerings, receiving combined gross cash proceeds of $11,500 , before issuance costs of $1,254 . The public portion of the offering included sales of Class A Units and Class B Units as follows: • 405,750 Class A Units priced at a public offering price of $8.00 per unit, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, Series A Warrants to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, expiring two and one-half-years from the closing date of the offering, and Series B Warrants to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, expiring seven and one-half-years from the closing date of the offering. The 405,750 Class A Units sold include the full exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option of 93,750 Class A Units. • 2,504 Class B Units, priced at a public offering price of $1,000 per unit, with each unit consisting of one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, convertible at any time at the holder's option into 125 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, Series A Warrants to purchase 125 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, expiring two and one-half-years from the closing date of the offering, and Series B Warrants to purchase 125 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, expiring seven and one-half-years from the closing date of the offering. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock at any time at a price of $8.00 per share. As of March 31, 2020 , 2,208 shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock had converted to 276,000 shares of the Company's common stock. • Gross proceeds from the sale of Class A Units and Class B Units totaled $5,750 . In the concurrent private placement, certain existing shareholders purchased the following securities: • 5,750 Units, priced at $1,000 per unit, each unit consisting of one share of the Company's Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, contingently convertible into 125 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 , Series A Warrants to purchase 125 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, expiring two and one-half-years from the closing date of the offering, and Series B Warrants to purchase 125 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, expiring seven and one-half-years from the closing date of the offering. • Gross proceeds from the private placement also totaled $5,750 . As of the November 19, 2019 closing date of the two offerings, the Company did not have sufficient authorized and available shares of common stock to permit conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock sold in the private placement or to permit the exercise of the 2,875,000 combined Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants issued under both the public and the private offerings. The Series B Convertible Preferred Shares and the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants were not convertible or exercisable until more shares of common stock became available for issuance through the Company's filing of the Charter Amendment for the Reverse Stock Split. Upon the filing of the Charter Amendment on January 15, 2020, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock sold in the private placement automatically converted into 718,750 shares of common stock and the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants issued under both offerings became eligible for exercise. The Company determined that the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock qualified, and continues to qualify, for presentation as permanent equity on the Company's balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . The Company further concluded that contingent redemption rights of the Series B Convertible Preferred stockholders were outside the Company's control, resulting in their classification as temporary equity within the Company's balance sheet until their automatic conversion to common shares in January 2020. The Series A and B Warrants are free standing financial instruments, legally detachable and separately exercisable from the common and preferred shares issued in the concurrent offerings. At the time of their issuance, the Company determined that all of the warrants should be classified as a warrant liability and recorded at an inception date fair value of $24,518 due to the insufficiency of common shares available to permit their exercise. As the proceeds from the offerings were less than the fair value of their respective warrants, the warrants were recorded at their full fair value and the difference between the fair value and the cash proceeds of $13,018 was recorded to other income (expense) in the Company's consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2019 . No allocation of residual offering proceeds remained to be allocated to the common and preferred shares sold in the offerings. The Company re-measured the fair value of the warrants on December 31, 2019 and again on January 15, 2020 (the date of filing the Charter Amendment to increase available shares of common stock), resulting in, respectively, the recognition of a gain of $9,541 followed by a loss of $957 , due to the change in fair value at each valuation date. By filing the Charter Amendment and enacting the 1-for-40 Reverse Stock Split, the Company's outstanding common shares were reduced by a divisible factor of 40 while authorized common shares remained at the current 60 million shares. As a result of this corporate action, sufficient shares of authorized, but unissued shares of common stock became available for Series A and Series B warrant holders to exercise their warrants resulting in their reclassification from warrant liability to equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. At closing, the proceeds of the combined offerings were allocated solely to the liability classified warrants, and as a consequence, the offering costs of $1,254 were immediately expensed to other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 in accordance with accounting guidance. March 2019 Registered Direct Offering On March 18, 2019, the Company completed a registered direct offering of its common stock. Proceeds from the transaction were $2,932 before issuance costs of $349 . Investors participating in the transaction purchased a total of 60,541 shares of common stock at a price of $48.40 per share. Preferred Stock The Company's Certificate of Incorporation authorizes it to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock. Description of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock The November 2019 concurrent offerings of the Company's securities included the issuance of 2,504 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. Each Series A Convertible Preferred Share is convertible into 125 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $8.00 per share, subject to adjustments as a result of stock dividends and stock splits. Material provisions of the Series A Convertible Preferred stock include the following: • The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is not redeemable. • Holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock may convert their preferred shares to common stock at any time. Subject to certain conditions, the Company can force a conversion based on certain market price and trading volume criteria. • Conversion of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is prohibited if, as a result of a conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock in excess of 4.99% (or at the election of the purchaser prior to the date of issuance, 9.99% ) of the shares of the Company's common stock then outstanding after giving effect to such exercise. • Holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights. However, Series A Convertible Preferred stockholders have certain protective voting rights that are designed to prevent adverse changes to their ownership rights without their approval. • In the event of a liquidation, the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares are entitled to participate on an as-converted-to-common stock basis with holders of common stock in any distribution of assets of the Company to the holders of the common stock. • Holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends equal to (on an as-if-converted basis) and in the same form and manner as dividends paid on shares of the Company's common stock. Through March 31, 2020 , 2,208 shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have been converted to 276,000 shares of common stock. Description of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock The November 2019 concurrent offerings of the Company's securities included the issuance of 5,750 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. Each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was convertible into 125 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $8.00 per share, subject to adjustments as a result of stock dividends and stock splits. At the time of issuance, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock had various superior rights to the Company's other securities, including the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock sold under the public portion of the concurrent offerings. All of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted to 718,750 shares of common stock on January 15, 2020, upon the Company's filing of a Charter Amendment as a result of shareholder approval for the reverse stock split described above. When converted, the shares of Series A and B Convertible Preferred Stock are restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock, subject to reissuance by the board of directors. Warrants The following table summarizes information regarding outstanding warrants to purchase common stock as of March 31, 2020 : Issuance Number of Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Outstanding Warrants Exercise Price Per Share of Common Stock Expiration Date November 2019 Public Offering - Series A 583,227 $ 8.00 May 19, 2022 November 2019 Public Offering - Series B 649,477 $ 8.00 May 19, 2027 November 2019 Private Placement - Series A 718,750 $ 8.00 May 19, 2022 November 2019 Private Placement - Series B 718,750 $ 8.00 May 19, 2027 December 2017 Public Offering - Series A 160,975 $ 90.00 December 21, 2022 July 2017 Registered Direct Offering 14,270 $ 201.60 January 7, 2024 Consultant 750 $ 116.00 September 11, 2024 Total warrants 2,846,199 February 2020 Warrant Exercises In November 2019, in connection with the Company’s public securities offering that closed on November 19, 2019, the Company issued Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants (together, the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Warrants were issued, and are held, in book-entry form through The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). On January 15, 2020, the Company completed the Reverse Stock Split of its common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Warrants, in the event of a reverse stock split, the exercise price of each Warrant and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of each Warrant are required to be proportionately adjusted in accordance with the ratio of the Reverse Stock Split. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 , a total of 204,796 Warrants were exercised, generating cash proceeds for the Company of $1,638 . On May 1, 2020, DTCC and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as the Company’s warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”) notified the Company that, following the Reverse Stock Split, the exercise price of each Warrant had been proportionately adjusted in accordance with the Reverse Stock Split, but the number of shares issuable upon exercise of each Warrant had not been proportionately adjusted in the records of DTCC. As a result, it appears probable that certain investors who exercised Warrants following the Reverse Stock Split, during the month of February 2020, were inadvertently issued an incorrect number of shares of the Company’s common stock upon the exercise of their Warrants. The Company believes that up to 88,762 shares of the Company’s common stock may have been incorrectly issued in connection with such Warrant exercises, and up to $710 in warrant exercise proceeds may have been incorrectly collected. The Company is in the process of verifying and evaluating the information received from DTCC and the Warrant Agent regarding this matter, and as such the number of shares and amount of proceeds subject to the error may change. The Company is working with DTCC and the Warrant Agent to return any excess proceeds that were collected, and to cause to be returned to it any excess number of shares of the Company’s common stock that were issued in connection with these Warrant exercises, as soon as possible. The Company has recorded $710 within accrued expenses for the cash proceeds expected to be returned to holders of Warrants. The amount of cash proceeds ultimately returned to holders of Warrants may change based on subsequent information obtained by the Company from DTCC, the Warrant Agent, or the holders of Warrants. Reserved Shares The following shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance upon exercise of stock options, vesting of RSUs and conversion of warrants: March 31, December 31, Stock Options 77,765 62,065 RSUs 17,000 — Series A Convertible Preferred Stock - November 2019 Public Offering 37,000 99,500 Warrants 2,846,199 175,995 Total number of common shares reserved for future issuance 2,977,964 337,560 |