| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation Garmin Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company or Garmin) design, develop, manufacture, market, and distribute a diverse family of hand-held, wrist-based, portable, and fixed-mount Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled products and other navigation, communications, information and sensor-based products and services. Garmin Corporation is primarily responsible for the manufacturing and distribution of the Company’s products to the Company’s subsidiaries and, to a lesser extent, new product development and sales and marketing of the Company’s products in Asia and the Far East. Garmin International, Inc. (Garmin International) is primarily responsible for sales and marketing of the Company’s products in the Americas region and for most of the Company’s research and new product development. Garmin International also manufactures most of the Company’s products in the aviation segment. Garmin (Europe) Ltd. is primarily responsible for sales and marketing of the Company’s products in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), with many of these sales made to other Company-owned distributors in the EMEA region. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of Garmin Ltd. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Changes in Classification and Allocation Certain prior period amounts have been recast, reclassified, or presented to conform to current period presentation. In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company changed the presentation of operating expense to include advertising expense within selling, general and administrative expenses on the Company's consolidated statements of income, which management believes to be a more meaningful presentation. Results for the 52-week and 53-week periods ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, have been recast to conform to current period presentation. This change had no effect on the Company’s consolidated operating or net income . Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year is based on a 52- or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday of the calendar year. Due to the fact that there are not exactly 52 weeks in a calendar year, the Company will have a fiscal year comprising 53 weeks in certain fiscal years, as determined by when the last Saturday of the calendar year occurs. In those resulting fiscal years that have 53 weeks, the Company will record an extra week of sales, costs, and related financial activity. Therefore, the financial results of those 53-week fiscal years, and the associated 14-week fourth quarters, will not be entirely comparable to the prior and subsequent 52-week fiscal years and the associated 13-week quarters. Fiscal year 2024 contained 52 weeks compared to 52 weeks for 2023 and 53 weeks for 2022 . Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency Many Garmin Ltd. subsidiaries utilize currencies other than the United States Dollar (USD) as their functional currency. As required by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters , the financial statements of these subsidiaries for all periods presented have been translated into USD, the functional currency of Garmin Ltd., and the reporting currency herein, for purposes of consolidation at rates prevailing during the year for sales, costs, and expenses and at end-of-year rates for all assets and liabilities. The effect of this translation is recorded in a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Cumulative currency translation adjustments of $ ( 116,866 ) and $ ( 11,508 ) as of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively, have been included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the approximate rate of exchange at the transaction date. Assets and liabilities resulting from these transactions are translated at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. The majority of the Company’s consolidated foreign currency gain or loss is typically driven by the significant cash, receivables, and payables held in a currency other than the functional currency at a given legal entity. Net foreign currency losses recorded in results of operations were $ 20,599 for the year ended December 28, 2024, net foreign currency gains recorded in results of operations were $ 26,434 for the year ended December 30, 2023, and net foreign currency losses recorded in results of operations were $ 11,274 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The loss in fiscal 2024 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Euro, Polish Zloty, and Australian Dollar, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar. The gain in fiscal 2023 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar weakening against the Polish Zloty and Euro, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar weakening at times during the year against the Taiwan Dollar. The loss in fiscal 2022 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Australian Dollar, Polish Zloty, Chinese Yuan, Euro, Japanese Yen, and British Pound Sterling, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar. Garmin Corporation, one of the Company’s principal subsidiaries, is located in Taiwan. The Taiwan Foreign Exchange Control Statute (the Statute), and regulations thereunder, provides that all foreign exchange transactions must be executed by banks designated to handle such business by the Ministry of Finance of Taiwan and by the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan), also referred to as the CBC. Current regulations favor trade-related foreign exchange transactions, so the Statute does not impose any significant restrictions on import or export activities involving foreign currencies in Taiwan. Non-trade related currency exchanges exceeding $50 million, or its equivalent, in a calendar year require approval of the CBC. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to the customer in an amount that depicts the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled for the related products or services. For the large majority of the Company’s sales, transfer of control occurs once product has shipped and title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer. The Company offers certain tangible products with ongoing services promised over a period of time. When such services have been identified as both capable of being distinct and separately identifiable from the related tangible product, the associated revenue allocated to such services is recognized over time. The Company generally does not offer specified or unspecified upgrade rights to its customers in connection with software sales. The Company allocates revenue to all performance obligations associated with tangible products containing separately identifiable ongoing services based on the respective performance obligations’ relative standalone selling prices (SSP), with the amounts allocated to ongoing services deferred and recognized over a period of time. These ongoing services primarily consist of the Company’s contractual promises to provide personal navigation device (PND) users with map updates and server-based traffic services. In addition, the Company provides map update services (map care) over a contractual period in certain hardware and software contracts with automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The Company has determined that directly observable prices do not exist for certain map updates, map care, or server-based traffic, as stand-alone and unbundled unit sales do not occur on more than a limited basis. Therefore, the Company uses the expected cost plus a margin as the primary indicator to calculate relative SSP of certain map updates, map care, and traffic performance obligations. The revenue and associated costs allocated to map updates, map care, and server-based traffic services are deferred and recognized ratably over the contractual service period or estimated life of the products. Additionally, the Company has offered certain other products and services with ongoing performance obligations for which the associated revenue is recognized over the contractual service period (typically ranging from 1 month to 3 years ), including aviation database and other service subscriptions, incremental navigation and communication service subscriptions, mobile applications, and extended warranties. The Company records revenue net of sales tax or value-added tax and variable consideration such as trade discounts and customer returns. Payment is due typically within 90 days or less of shipment of product or upon the initiation of a service or subscription period. The Company records estimated reductions to revenue in the form of variable consideration for returns and customer sales programs including rebates, price protection, promotions, and other volume-based incentives. Cooperative advertising incentives payable to dealers and distributors are recorded as reductions of revenue unless the Company obtains proof of a distinct advertising service, in which case the incentive is recorded as advertising expense. The reductions to revenue are based on estimates and judgments using historical experience and expectation of future conditions, if not otherwise determinable. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling activities are typically performed before the customer obtains control of the good, and the related costs are expensed at the approximate time of sale. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense amounted to approximately $ 191,585 , $ 173,109 , and $ 168,040 for the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 , respectively. Software Development Costs ASC Topic 985-20, Software – Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed , requires companies to expense software development costs as they incur them until technological feasibility has been established, at which time those costs are subject to capitalization until the product is available for general release to customers. Costs incurred by the Company subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility are generally not significant, as the time elapsed from working model to release is typically short. As required by ASC Topic 730, Research and Development , costs incurred to enhance the Company's existing products or after the general release of the service using the product are expensed in the period they are incurred and included in research and development costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Accounting for Stock Compensation The Company currently sponsors three employee stock compensation plans. ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation , requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expenses for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock, based on estimated fair values. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as stock compensation expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. As stock compensation expense recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, they have been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Accounting guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience and management’s estimates. Excess tax benefits or deficiencies from stock compensation are recognized in the income tax provision and are not estimated in the effective tax rate. Rather, they are recorded as discrete tax items in the period they occur. Excess income tax benefits from stock compensation arrangements are classified as a cash flow from operations. Stock compensation plans are discussed in more detail in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Research and Development A majority of the Company’s research and development is performed in the United States. Research and development costs, which are typically expensed as incurred, amounted to approximately $ 993,601 , $ 904,696 , and $ 834,927 for the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 , respectively. Preproduction Costs Related to Long-Term Supply Arrangements Preproduction design and development costs related to long-term supply arrangements are expensed as incurred, and classified as research and development, unless the customer has provided a contractual guarantee for reimbursement of such costs. Contractually reimbursable costs are capitalized as incurred in the consolidated balance sheets within prepaid expenses and other current assets if reimbursement is expected to be received within one year, or within other noncurrent assets if expected to be received beyond one year. Such capitalized costs were approximately $ 18,071 and $ 19,226 as of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023 , respectively. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes . The liability method provides that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount for financial reporting purposes as measured based on the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740. The Company recognizes liabilities based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves not to be required, the reversal of the liabilities results in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the Company determines the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the Company’s estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. Income taxes are discussed in more detail in Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share amounts are computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. For purposes of diluted earnings per share, the number of shares that would be issued from the exercise of dilutive share-based compensation awards has been reduced by the number of shares that could have been purchased from the proceeds of the exercise or release at the average market price of the Company’s shares during the period the awards were outstanding. See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, operating accounts, money market funds, deposits readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and securities with maturities of three months or less when purchased. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value, given the short maturity of those instruments. Restricted cash is reported within other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on restricted cash. The total of the cash and cash equivalents balance and the restricted cash reported within other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheets is equal to the total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Marketable Securities Management determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. All of the Company’s marketable securities were considered available-for-sale at December 28, 2024. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At December 28, 2024, and December 30, 2023, cumulative unrealized losses of $ 30,372 and $ 54,106 , respectively, were reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes. The Company recognizes impairments relating to credit losses of available-for-sale securities through an allowance for credit losses and other income (expense) on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Impairment not relating to credit losses is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Testing for impairment of investments requires management judgment. The identification of potentially impaired investments, the determination of their fair value, and the assessment of whether any decline in value is related to credit losses are the primary elements of the assessment that require judgment. The discovery of new information and the passage of time can change these judgments. Revisions of impairment judgments are made when new information becomes known, and any resulting impairment adjustments are made at that time. The economic environment and volatility of securities markets increase the difficulty of assessing investment impairment. In making this assessment management evaluates the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, any change in credit rating of the security, adverse conditions specifically related to the security, failure of the issuer to make scheduled payments, and other relevant factors affecting the security. If it is determined that a credit loss exists, the amount of the credit loss is determined by comparing the present value of the expected future cash flows for the security to the amortized cost basis of the security, limited by the amount the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. The amortized cost of debt securities classified as available-for-sale is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, or in the case of mortgage-backed securities, over the estimated life of the security. Such amortization and realized gains/losses are recorded within interest income and other income (expense), respectively, on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Marketable securities are discussed in more detail in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Fair Value of Financial Instruments As required by ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments , the following summarizes required information about the fair value of certain financial instruments for which it is currently practicable to estimate such value. None of the financial instruments are held or issued for trading purposes. The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:
December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,079,468 $ 2,079,468 $ 1,693,452 $ 1,693,452
Marketable securities $ 1,619,601 $ 1,619,601 $ 1,399,809 $ 1,399,809 For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Trade Accounts Receivable The Company sells its products to retailers, dealers, distributors, OEMs, and other customers and grants credit to certain customers based on its evaluation of the customers' financial condition. Generally, the Company does not require security when trade credit is granted to customers. The Company's trade accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value, typically are collected within 90 days, and do not bear interest. Certain customers are allowed extended terms consistent with normal industry practice. Credit losses are provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and typically have been within management’s expectations. Past due receivable balances are typically written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting the amount due. The Company maintains trade credit insurance to provide some security against certain losses within policy limits. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company’s top ten customers have contributed between 20 % and 25 % of net sales annually since 2022. None of the Company's customers accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales in the years ended December 28, 2024, and December 30, 2023 . Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead associated with purchases and production and is determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. The Company writes down its inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventories consisted of the following:
December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023
Raw materials $ 522,210 $ 493,493
Work-in-process 219,294 160,919
Finished goods 732,474 691,543
Inventories $ 1,473,978 $ 1,345,955 Deferred Revenues and Costs At December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, the Company had deferred revenues totaling $ 139,318 and $ 137,337 , respectively, and related deferred costs totaling $ 30,938 and $ 27,373 , respectively. Deferred revenue consists primarily of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are recognized over a period of time basis as discussed in the Revenue Recognition portion of this footnote. Billings associated with such items are typically completed upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to the customer and recorded to accounts receivable until payment is received. Deferred costs primarily refer to the license fees incurred by the Company associated with the aforementioned unsatisfied performance obligations, which are amortized over the same period as the revenue is recognized. The Company typically pays the associated license fees either monthly or quarterly in arrears, on a per item shipped or delivered basis. The Company applies a practical expedient, as permitted within ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs , to expense as incurred the incremental costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period of the asset that would have otherwise been recognized is one year or less. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost and typically depreciated using the straight-line method. The components of property and equipment were as follows and are generally depreciated over the following estimated useful lives:
Estimated Useful Life December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023
Land $ 184,884 $ 201,287
Building and improvements 15 to 50 years 982,494 934,837
Machinery, equipment and software 3 to 10 years 1,208,662 1,118,561
Total, at cost 2,376,040 2,254,685
Accumulated depreciation ( 1,139,156 ) ( 1,030,588 )
Property and equipment, net $ 1,236,884 $ 1,224,097 As required by ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment , the Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. That assessment is based on the carrying amount of the asset at the date it is tested for recoverability. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company did no t recognize any material long-lived asset impairment charges in the fiscal years of 2024, 2023, or 2022 . Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company’s excess purchase cost over fair value of net assets acquired (goodwill) was $ 603,947 at December 28, 2024, and $ 608,474 at December 30, 2023 . Each of the Company’s operating segments (fitness, outdoor, aviation, marine, and auto OEM) represents a distinct reporting unit. The Company allocates goodwill to reporting units in proportion to the expected benefit from each business combination. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023 are as follows:
Fitness Outdoor Aviation Marine Auto OEM Total
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 244,302 $ 178,344 $ 60,347 $ 85,001 $ — $ 567,994
Acquisitions — — — 32,014 — 32,014
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments 6,078 1,400 — 988 — 8,466
Goodwill balance as of December 30, 2023 $ 250,380 $ 179,744 $ 60,347 $ 118,003 $ — $ 608,474
Acquisitions — — — 12,281 — 12,281
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments ( 11,417 ) ( 2,747 ) — ( 2,644 ) — ( 16,808 )
Goodwill balance as of December 28, 2024 $ 238,963 $ 176,997 $ 60,347 $ 127,640 $ — $ 603,947 ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other , requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives should not be amortized but rather be assessed for impairment at least annually or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. The Company performs its annual impairment assessments of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, if any, in the fourth quarter of each year, as of the Company’s fiscal year end date, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate it is more likely than not that they may be impaired. ASC Topic 350 allows management to first perform a qualitative goodwill assessment by assessing the qualitative factors of relevant events and circumstances at the reporting unit level to determine if it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If factors indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then the quantitative test will be performed. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then a goodwill impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which carrying amount exceeds fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, and assignment of goodwill to reporting units. If a quantitative impairment test is performed, the fair value of each reporting unit is estimated through the use of a discounted cash flow methodology, which also requires judgment and assumptions, including discount rate, projected future revenues, projected future operating margins, and terminal growth rates. The estimates used to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit change from year to year based on operating results, market conditions, and other factors. Management concluded that no goodwill associated with any reporting unit is currently at risk of impairment based on qualitative assessments performed in 2024 . The Company did no t recognize any material goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal years 2024, 2023, or 2022. At December 28, 2024, and December 30, 2023 , the Company had intellectual property, customer related intangibles, and other identifiable finite-lived intangible assets recorded at a cost of $ 543,397 and $ 547,705 , respectively. Identifiable, finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis typically over three to twelve years . Accumulated amortization was $ 389,234 and $ 366,560 at December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively. Amortization expense on these intangible assets was $ 30,666 , $ 30,513 , and $ 30,561 for the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. In the next five years, the amortization expense is estimated to be $ 31,243 , $ 28,346 , $ 24,143 , $ 19,615 , and $ 16,570 , respectively. The Company also reviews finite-lived intangible assets for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, as described above, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. Leases The Company leases certain real estate properties, vehicles, and equipment in various countries around the world. Leased properties are typically used for office space, distribution, and retail. The Company’s leases are classified as operating leases with remaining terms of 1 to 29 year s, some of which include an option to extend or renew. If the exercise of an option to extend or renew is determined to be reasonably certain, the associated right-of-use asset and lease liability reflects the extended period and payments. For newly signed leases, the right-of-use asset and lease liability is recognized on lease commencement date. Variable lease costs, such as adjustments to payments based on consumer price indices, are excluded in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. For all real estate leases, any non-lease components, including common area maintenance, have been separated from lease components and excluded from the associated right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations. For all equipment and vehicle leases, an accounting policy election has been made to not separate lease and non-lease components. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”) are not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset or lease liability. Product Warranty The Company accrues for estimated future warranty costs at the time products are sold. The Company’s standard warranty obligation to retail partners generally provides for a right of return of any product for a full refund in the event that such product is not merchantable, is damaged, or is defective. The Company’s standard warranty obligation to its end-users provides for a period of one to two years from date of shipment while certain aviation, marine, and auto OEM products have a warranty period of two years or more from the date of installation. The Company’s estimates of costs to service its warranty obligations are based on historical experience and management’s expectations and judgments of future conditions, with most claims resolved within a year of the sale. To the extent the Company experiences increased warranty claim activity or increased costs associated with servicing those claims, its warranty accrual will increase, which may result in decreased gross profit. The following reconciliation presents details of the changes in the Company’s accrued warranty costs:
Fiscal Year Ended
December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Balance - beginning of period $ 55,738 $ 50,952 $ 45,467
Accrual for products sold (1) 89,804 79,637 72,821
Expenditures ( 83,069 ) ( 74,851 ) ( 67,336 )
Balance - end of period $ 62,473 $ 55,738 $ 50,952 (1) Changes in cost estimates related to pre-existing warranties were not material and aggregated with accruals for new warranty contracts in the ‘accrual for products sold’ line. Contingencies |
