Financial instruments | 19. Financial instruments The carrying value of financial instruments by categories as at March 31, 2023 is as follows: Fair value through other comprehensive income Fair value through profit or loss Mandatory Designated Amortized cost Total Financial Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (Refer to Note 11) ₹ - ₹ - ₹ - ₹ 91,880 ₹ 91,880 Investments (Refer to Note 8) Equity Instruments 3,773 - 15,647 - 19,420 Fixed maturity plan mutual funds 1,300 - - - 1,300 Short-term mutual funds 40,262 - - - 40,262 Non-convertible debentures - 146,296 - - 146,296 Government securities - 9,422 - - 9,422 Commercial papers - 18,624 - - 18,624 Certificate of deposits - 16,828 - - 16,828 Bonds - 54,025 - - 54,025 Inter corporate and term deposits - - - 23,775 23,775 Other financial assets Trade receivables (Refer to Note 9) - - - 127,213 127,213 Unbilled receivables - - - 60,515 60,515 Other financial assets (Refer to Note 12) - - - 15,426 15,426 Derivative assets (Refer to Note 19) 1,101 - 772 - 1,873 ₹ 46,436 ₹ 245,195 ₹ 16,419 ₹ 318,809 ₹ 626,859 Financial Liabilities: Trade payables and other liabilities Trade payables and accrued expenses (Refer to Note 15) ₹ - ₹ - ₹ - ₹ 89,054 ₹ 89,054 Other financial liabilities (Refer to Note 16) - - - 6,790 6,790 Loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts (Refer to Note 14) - - - 150,093 150,093 Lease liabilities - - - 24,573 24,573 Derivative liabilities (Refer to Note 19) 470 - 2,534 - 3,004 ₹ 470 ₹ - ₹ 2,534 ₹ 270,510 ₹ 273,514 The carrying value of financial instruments by categories as at March 31, 2024 is as follows: Fair value through other comprehensive income Fair value through profit or loss Mandatory Designated Amortized cost Total Financial Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (Refer to Note 11) ₹ - ₹ - ₹ - ₹ 96,953 ₹ 96,953 Investments (Refer to Note 8) Equity Instruments 4,404 - 15,830 - 20,234 Fixed maturity plan mutual funds 1,395 - - - 1,395 Short-term mutual funds 71,686 - - - 71,686 Non-convertible debentures - 154,407 - - 154,407 Government securities - 7,030 - - 7,030 Commercial papers - 11,845 - - 11,845 Bonds - 28,195 - - 28,195 Inter corporate and term deposits - - - 38,008 38,008 Other financial assets Trade receivables (Refer to Note 9) - - - 119,522 119,522 Unbilled receivables - - - 58,345 58,345 Other financial assets (Refer to Note 12) - - - 16,086 16,086 Derivative assets (Refer to Note 19) 390 - 968 - 1,358 ₹ 77,875 ₹ 201,477 ₹ 16,798 ₹ 328,914 ₹ 625,064 Financial Liabilities: Trade payables and other liabilities Trade payables and accrued expenses (Refer to Note 15) ₹ - ₹ - ₹ - ₹ 88,566 ₹ 88,566 Other financial liabilities (Refer to Note 16) - - - 7,257 7,257 Loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts (Refer to Note 14) - - - 141,466 141,466 Lease liabilities - - - 23,183 23,183 Derivative liabilities (Refer to Note 19) 329 - 233 - 562 ₹ 329 ₹ - ₹ 233 ₹ 260,472 ₹ 261,034 Offsetting financial assets and liabilities The following table contains information on other financial assets and trade payable and other financial liabilities subject to offsetting: As at March 31, 2023 As at March 31, 2024 Gross amounts recognized Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities set off Net amounts recognized Gross amounts recognized Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities set off Net amounts recognized Trade receivables - non-current ₹ 863 ₹ - ₹ 863 ₹ 4,045 ₹ - ₹ 4,045 Trade receivables - current 134,053 ( 7,703 ) 126,350 125,624 ( 10,147 ) 115,477 Other financial assets - non-current 6,330 - 6,330 5,550 - 5,550 Other financial assets - current 9,096 - 9,096 10,536 - 10,536 Unbilled receivables 62,690 ( 2,175 ) 60,515 61,055 ( 2,710 ) 58,345 ₹ 213,032 ₹ ( 9,878 ) ₹ 203,154 ₹ 206,810 ₹ ( 12,857 ) ₹ 193,953 As at March 31, 2023 As at March 31, 2024 Gross amounts recognized Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities set off Net amounts recognized Gross amounts recognized Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities set off Net amounts recognized Trade payables and accrued expenses ₹ 98,932 ₹ ( 9,878 ) ₹ 89,054 ₹ 101,423 ₹ ( 12,857 ) ₹ 88,566 Other financial liabilities - non-current 2,649 - 2,649 4,985 - 4,985 Other financial liabilities - current 4,141 - 4,141 2,272 - 2,272 ₹ 105,722 ₹ ( 9,878 ) ₹ 95,844 ₹ 108,680 ₹ ( 12,857 ) ₹ 95,823 For the financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting or similar arrangements, each agreement between the Company and the counterparty allows for net settlement of the relevant financial assets and liabilities when both elect to settle on a net basis. In the absence of such an election, financial assets and liabilities will be settled on a gross basis and hence are not offset. Fair value Financial assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, unbilled receivables, finance lease receivables, employee and other advances, eligible current and non-current assets, loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts, lease liabilities, trade payables and accrued expenses, and eligible current liabilities and non-current liabilities. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, unbilled receivables, short-term loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts, lease liabilities, trade payables and accrued expenses, other current financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying amount largely due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Finance lease receivables are periodically evaluated based on individual credit worthiness of customers. Based on this evaluation, the Company records allowance for estimated credit losses on these receivables. As at March 31, 2023 and 2024, the carrying value of such financial assets, net of allowances, and liabilities approximates the fair value. The Company’s Unsecured Notes 2026 are contracted at fixed coupon rate of 1.50 % and market yield on these loans as of 31st March 2024 is 5.23 %. Investments in short-term mutual funds and fixed maturity plan mutual funds, which are classified as FVTPL are measured using net asset values at the reporting date multiplied by the quantity held. Fair value of investments in non-convertible debentures, government securities, commercial papers, certificate of deposits and bonds classified as FVTOCI is determined based on the indicative quotes of price and yields prevailing in the market at the reporting date. Fair value of investments in equity instruments classified as FVTOCI or FVTPL is determined using market approach primarily based on market multiples method. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is determined based on observable market inputs including currency spot and forward rates, yield curves and currency volatility. Fair value hierarchy The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The different levels have been defined as follows: Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). Level 3 – Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3 during the year ended March 31, 2023 and 2024. The following table presents fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: As at March 31, 2023 As at March 31, 2024 Fair value measurements at reporting date Fair value measurements at reporting date Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Derivative instruments: Cash flow hedges ₹ 772 ₹ - ₹ 772 ₹ - ₹ 968 ₹ - ₹ 968 ₹ - Others 1,101 - 1,101 - 390 - 390 - Investments: Short-term mutual funds 40,262 40,262 - - 71,686 71,686 - - Fixed maturity plan mutual funds 1,300 - 1,300 - 1,395 - 1,395 - Equity instruments 19,420 99 - 19,321 20,234 108 - 20,126 Non-convertible debentures, government securities, commercial papers, certificate of deposit and bonds 245,195 1,256 243,939 - 201,477 1,282 200,195 - Liabilities Derivative instruments: Cash flow hedges ₹ ( 2,534 ) ₹ - ₹ ( 2,534 ) ₹ - ₹ ( 233 ) ₹ - ₹ ( 233 ) ₹ - Others ( 470 ) - ( 470 ) - ( 329 ) - ( 329 ) - Liability on written put options to non-controlling interests - - - - ( 4,303 ) - - ( 4,303 ) Contingent consideration ( 3,053 ) - - ( 3,053 ) ( 429 ) - - ( 429 ) The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the level 2 financial instruments included in the above table. Financial instrument Method and assumptions Derivative instruments (assets and liabilities) The Company enters into derivative financial instruments with various counterparties, primarily banks with investment grade credit ratings. Derivatives valued using valuation techniques with market observable inputs are mainly interest rate swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange option contracts. The most frequently applied valuation techniques include forward pricing, swap models and Black Scholes models (for option valuation), using present value calculations. The models incorporate various inputs including the credit quality of counterparties, foreign exchange spot and forward rates, interest rate curves and forward rate curves of the underlying. As at March 31, 2024, the changes in counterparty credit risk had no material effect on the hedge effectiveness assessment for derivatives designated in hedge relationships and other financial instruments recognized at fair value. Investment in non-convertible debentures, government securities, commercial papers, certificate of deposits and bonds Fair value of these instruments is derived based on the indicative quotes of price and yields prevailing in the market as at reporting date. Investment in fixed maturity plan mutual funds Fair value of these instruments is derived based on the indicative quotes of price prevailing in the market as at reporting date. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the level 3 financial instruments included in the above table. Financial instrument Method and assumptions Investment in equity instruments Fair value of these instruments is determined using market approach primarily based on market multiples method. Contingent consideration and liability on written put options to non-controlling interest Fair value of these instruments is determined using valuation techniques which includes inputs relating to risk-adjusted revenue and operating profit forecast. The following table presents changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities for the year ended March 31, 2023 and 2024: Investment in equity instruments As at March 31, 2023 2024 Balance at the beginning of the year ₹ 16,324 ₹ 19,321 Additions 2,093 1,277 Disposals (1)(2) ( 632 ) ( 416 ) Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in consolidated statement of income ( 2 ) ( 136 ) Gain/(loss) recognized in other comprehensive income 291 ( 485 ) Translation adjustment 1,247 565 Balance at the end of the year ₹ 19,321 ₹ 20,126 (1) During the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold its shares in Vicarious FPC, Inc. and Harte Hanks Inc. at a fair value of ₹ 1,150 and recognized a cumulative gain of ₹ 30 in other comprehensive income. (2) During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold its shares in Moogsoft (Herd) Inc. at a fair value of ₹ 179 and recognized a cumulative loss of ₹ 91 in other comprehensive income. Contingent consideration As at March 31, 2023 2024 Balance at the beginning of the year ₹ ( 4,329 ) ₹ ( 3,053 ) Additions ( 1,662 ) - Reversals (1) 1,671 1,300 Payouts 1,784 1,294 Finance expense (recognized)/reversed in consolidated statement of income ( 131 ) 55 Translation adjustment ( 386 ) ( 25 ) Balance at the end of the year ₹ ( 3,053 ) ₹ ( 429 ) (1) Towards change in fair value of earn-out liability as a result of changes in estimates of revenue and earnings over the earn-out period. Liability on written put options to non-controlling interests As at March 31, 2023 2024 Balance at the beginning of the year ₹ - ₹ - Addition through Business combination (Refer to Note 7) - ( 4,238 ) Finance expense recognized in consolidated statement of income - ( 33 ) Translation adjustment - ( 32 ) Balance at the end of the year ₹ - ₹ ( 4,303 ) Derivative assets and liabilities: The Company is exposed to currency fluctuations on foreign currency assets / liabilities, forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currency and net investment in foreign operations. The Company is also exposed to interest rate fluctuations on investments in floating rate financial assets and floating rate borrowings. The Company follows established risk management policies, including the use of derivatives to hedge foreign currency assets / liabilities, interest rates, foreign currency forecasted cash flows and net investment in foreign operations. The counter parties in these derivative instruments are primarily banks and the Company considers the risks of non-performance by the counterparty as immaterial. The following table presents the aggregate contracted principal amounts of the Company's derivative contracts outstanding: (in million) As at March 31, 2023 2024 Notional Fair value Notional Fair value Designated derivative instruments Sell: Forward contracts USD 977 ₹ ( 262 ) USD 1,349 ₹ 264 € 94 ₹ ( 497 ) € 11 ₹ 10 £ 138 ₹ ( 728 ) £ 17 ₹ 16 AUD 89 ₹ 9 AUD 15 ₹ 15 Range forward option contracts USD 1,157 ₹ ( 19 ) USD 730 ₹ 192 € 49 ₹ ( 112 ) € 129 ₹ 59 £ 60 ₹ ( 69 ) £ 86 ₹ ( 11 ) AUD 34 ₹ 29 AUD 57 ₹ 10 Interest rate swaps INR 4,750 ₹ ( 113 ) INR 4,750 ₹ ( 71 ) USD - ₹ - USD 225 ₹ 233 Non-designated derivative instruments Sell: Forward contracts (1) USD 1,550 ₹ 736 USD 1,158 ₹ ( 31 ) € 171 ₹ ( 176 ) € 195 ₹ 119 £ 129 ₹ ( 100 ) £ 72 ₹ 44 AUD 56 ₹ 69 AUD 55 ₹ 30 SGD 14 ₹ 1 SGD 26 ₹ 12 ZAR 43 ₹ ( 7 ) ZAR 97 ₹ 4 CAD 69 ₹ ( 25 ) CAD 61 ₹ ( 1 ) SAR 147 ₹ ( 6 ) SAR 188 ₹ ( 2 ) CHF 9 ₹ 5 CHF - ₹ - QAR 4 ₹ ( 2 ) QAR 5 ₹ ( 2 ) TRY 30 ₹ ( 1 ) TRY 86 ₹ ( 1 ) NOK 13 ₹ 6 NOK 20 ₹ 2 OMR 1 ₹ ^ OMR 2 ₹ ^ SEK 3 ₹ ^ SEK - ₹ - JPY 784 ₹ 6 JPY 3,975 ₹ 32 DKK 33 ₹ ( 4 ) DKK 33 ₹ 3 AED 20 ₹ ^ AED 22 ₹ ^ CNH 1 ₹ ^ CNH 11 ₹ 3 MXN - ₹ - MXN 212 ₹ ( 35 ) COP - ₹ - COP 8,120 ₹ ( 5 ) MYR - ₹ - MYR 20 ₹ ( 2 ) RON - ₹ - RON 80 ₹ ( 9 ) BHD - ₹ - BHD ^ ₹ ^ HKD - ₹ - HKD 80 ₹ ^ CRC - ₹ - CRC 3,380 ₹ ( 19 ) NZD - ₹ - NZD 2 ₹ 2 Buy: Forward contracts AED 5 ₹ ^ AED - ₹ - NOK 12 ₹ ^ NOK - ₹ - QAR 4 ₹ 2 QAR 29 ₹ 10 ZAR 7 ₹ 1 ZAR - ₹ - PLN 26 ₹ 13 PLN 39 ₹ ( 6 ) SEK - ₹ - SEK 39 ₹ ( 5 ) USD - ₹ - USD 4 ₹ 1 CHF - ₹ - CHF 5 ₹ ( 29 ) TWD - ₹ - TWD 40 ₹ ( 2 ) BRL - ₹ - BRL 67 ₹ ( 5 ) RON - ₹ - RON 91 ₹ ( 9 ) CAD - ₹ - CAD 49 ₹ ( 4 ) € - ₹ - € 7 ₹ ( 5 ) CNH - ₹ - CNH 126 ₹ ( 5 ) RMB - ₹ - RMB 25 ₹ ( 6 ) £ - ₹ - £ 2 ₹ ^ KWD - ₹ - KWD ^ ₹ ^ AUD - ₹ - AUD 2 ₹ ^ Range forward option contracts USD 30 ₹ 31 USD - ₹ - Interest rate swaps USD 200 ₹ 82 USD - ₹ - ₹ ( 1,131 ) ₹ 796 ^ Value is less than 1 (1) USD 1,550 and USD 1,158 includes USD/PHP sell forward of USD 77 and USD 167 as at March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The Company determines the existence of an economic relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item based on the currency, amount and timing of its forecasted cash flows. Hedge effectiveness is determined at the inception of the hedge relationship, and through periodic prospective effectiveness assessments to ensure that an economic relationship exists between the hedged item and hedging instrument, including whether the hedging instrument is expected to offset changes in cash flows of hedged items. If the hedge ratio for risk management purposes is no longer optimal but the risk management objective remains unchanged and the hedge continues to qualify for hedge accounting, the hedge relationship will be rebalanced by adjusting either the volume of the hedging instrument or the volume of the hedged item so that the hedge ratio aligns with the ratio used for risk management purposes. Any hedge ineffectiveness is calculated and accounted for in consolidated statement of income at the time of the hedge relationship rebalancing. The following table summarizes activity in the cash flow hedging reserve within equity related to all derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges: As at March 31, 2023 2024 Balance as at the beginning of the year ₹ 1,943 ₹ ( 1,762 ) Changes in fair value of effective portion of derivatives ( 4,839 ) 1,461 Deferred cancellation gain/(loss), net - 40 Net (gain)/loss reclassified to statement of income on occurrence of hedged transactions (1) 1,134 1,016 Ineffective portion of derivative instruments classified to consolidated statement of income - 18 Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives, net ₹ ( 3,705 ) ₹ 2,535 Balance as at the end of the year ₹ ( 1,762 ) ₹ 773 Deferred tax asset/(liability) thereon 359 ( 195 ) Balance as at the end of the year, net of deferred taxes ₹ ( 1,403 ) ₹ 578 (1) Includes net (gain)/loss reclassified to revenue of ₹ 2,471 and ₹ 898 for the year ended March 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively; net (gain)/loss reclassified to cost of revenues of ₹ ( 1,337 ) and ₹ 221 for the year ended March 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively; net (gain)/loss reclassified to finance expenses of ₹ Nil and ₹ ( 167 ) for the year ended March 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively and net (gain)/loss reclassified to finance and other income of ₹ Nil and ₹ 64 for the year ended March 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively. The related hedge transactions for balance in cash flow hedging reserves as at March 31, 2024 are expected to occur and be reclassified to the statement of income over a period of fifteen months. As at March 31, 2023 and 2024, there were no material gains or losses on derivative transactions or portions thereof that have become ineffective as hedges or associated with an underlying exposure that did not occur. Sale of financial assets From time to time, in the normal course of business, the Company transfers accounts receivables, unbilled receivables and net investment in finance lease receivables (financial assets) to banks. Under the terms of the arrangements, the Company either substantially transfer its risks and rewards or surrenders control over the financial assets and transfer is without recourse. Accordingly, on such transfers the financial assets are derecognized and considered as sale of financial assets. Gains and losses on sale of financial assets without recourse are recorded at the time of sale based on the carrying value of the financial assets and fair value of servicing liability. The incremental impact of such transactions on our cash flow and liquidity for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 is not material. Financial risk management Market Risk Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, to fair values or to future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments, foreign currency receivables, payables and loans and borrowings. The Company’s exposure to market risk is a function of investment and borrowing activities and revenue generating activities in foreign currency. The objective of market risk management is to avoid excessive exposure of the Company’s earnings and equity to losses. Risk Management Procedures The Company manages market risk through a corporate treasury department, which evaluates and exercises independent control over the entire process of market risk management. The corporate treasury department recommends risk management objectives and policies, which are approved by our senior management and Audit Committee. The activities of this department include management of cash resources, implementing hedging strategies for foreign currency exposures, borrowing strategies, and ensuring compliance with market risk limits and policies. Foreign currency risk The Company operates internationally, and a major portion of its business is transacted in several currencies. Consequently, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through receiving payment for sales and services in the United States of America and elsewhere and making purchases from overseas suppliers in various foreign currencies. The exchange rate risk primarily arises from foreign exchange revenue, receivables, cash balances, forecasted cash flows, payables and foreign currency loans and borrowings. A significant portion of the Company’s revenue is in the U.S. Dollar, the Pound Sterling, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar, while a large portion of costs are in Indian rupees. The exchange rate between the rupee and these currencies has fluctuated significantly in recent years and may continue to fluctuate in the future. Appreciation of the rupee against these currencies can adversely affect the Company’s results of operations. The Company evaluates exchange rate exposure arising from these transactions and enters into foreign currency derivative instruments to mitigate such exposure. The Company follows established risk management policies, including the use of derivatives like foreign exchange forward/option contracts to hedge forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currency. The Company has designated certain derivative instruments as cash flow hedges to mitigate the foreign exchange exposure of forecasted highly probable cash flows. As at March 31, 2024, a ₹ 1 increase in the spot exchange rate of the Indian rupee with the U.S. dollar would result in approximately ₹ 2,801 (consolidated statement of income ₹ 987 and other comprehensive income ₹ 1,814 ) decrease in the fair value, and a ₹ 1 decrease would result in approximately ₹ 2,877 (consolidated statement of income ₹ 987 and other comprehensive income ₹ 1,890 ) increase in the fair value of foreign currency dollar denominated derivative instruments (forward and option contracts). The below table presents foreign currency risk from non-derivative financial instruments as at March 31, 2023 and 2024: As at March 31, 2023 US$ Euro Pound Sterling Australian Dollar Canadian Dollar Other currencies (1) Total Trade receivables ₹ 42,312 ₹ 13,758 ₹ 8,911 ₹ 2,317 ₹ 1,567 ₹ 5,661 ₹ 74,526 Unbilled receivables 19,372 3,050 2,360 1,431 393 1,719 28,325 Contract assets 4,597 7,081 3,077 632 180 1,193 16,760 Cash and cash equivalents 10,048 5,810 2,448 1,288 2,643 4,244 26,481 Other financial assets 40,039 1,066 1,234 136 130 1,690 44,295 Lease Liabilities ( 4,022 ) ( 2,998 ) ( 457 ) ( 175 ) ( 118 ) ( 1,765 ) ( 9,535 ) Trade payables, accrued expenses and other financial liabilities ( 26,726 ) ( 11,417 ) ( 6,120 ) ( 1,329 ) ( 1,482 ) ( 3,285 ) ( 50,359 ) Non-derivative financial assets/ (liabilities), net ₹ 85,620 ₹ 16,350 ₹ 11,453 ₹ 4,300 ₹ 3,313 ₹ 9,457 ₹ 130,493 (1) Other currencies reflect currencies such as Saudi Riyal, Singapore Dollar and Japanese Yen. As at March 31, 2024 US$ Euro Pound Sterling Australian Dollar Canadian Dollar Other currencies (1) Total Trade receivables ₹ 35,193 ₹ 12,315 ₹ 8,644 ₹ 2,556 ₹ 819 ₹ 4,198 ₹ 63,725 Unbilled receivables 18,104 3,427 3,250 1,694 599 2,615 29,689 Contract assets 3,849 6,004 2,341 495 112 525 13,326 Cash and cash equivalents 19,008 4,672 1,068 782 3,441 3,320 32,291 Other financial assets 12,549 1,428 197 207 785 1,818 16,984 Lease Liabilities ( 2,976 ) ( 2,764 ) ( 183 ) ( 155 ) ( 137 ) ( 1,269 ) ( 7,484 ) Trade payables, accrued expenses and other financial liabilities ( 27,161 ) ( 15,370 ) ( 9,533 ) ( 1,624 ) ( 920 ) ( 3,045 ) ( 57,653 ) Non-derivative financial assets/ (liabilities), net ₹ 58,566 ₹ 9,712 ₹ 5,784 ₹ 3,955 ₹ 4,699 ₹ 8,162 ₹ 90,878 (1) Other currencies reflect currencies such as Saudi Riyal, United Arab Emirates Dirham and Japanese Yen. As at March 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, every 1 % increase/decrease in the respective foreign currencies compared to functional currency of the Company increase/decrease our profits by approximately ₹ 1,305 and ₹ 909 , respectively. Interest rate risk Interest rate risk primarily arises from floating rate investments and borrowings, including various revolving and other lines of credit. The Company’s investments are primarily in short-term investments, which do not expose it to significant interest rate risk. The Company has taken certain interest rate swaps against its investments in floating rate instruments and if interest rates were to increase/(decrease) by 100 bps as on March 31, 2024, it would result in (decrease)/increase in fair value of interest rate swaps by approximately ₹ ( 26 ) and ₹ 26 respectively, in other comprehensive income. From time to time, the Company manages its net exposure to interest rate risk relating to borrowings by entering into interest rate swap agreements, which allows it to exchange periodic payments based on a notional amount and agreed upon fixed and floating interest rates. If interest rates were to increase/(decrease) by 100 bps as on March 31, 2024, it would result in increase/(decrease) in fair value of interest rate swaps by approximately ₹ 207 and ₹ ( 211 ) respectively, in other comprehensive income. If interest rates were to increase by 100 bps as on March 31, 2024, additional net annual interest expense on floating rate borrowing would amount to approximately ₹ 792 . Certain borrowings are also transacted at fixed interest rates. Credit risk Credit risk arises from the possibility that customers may not be able to settle their obligations as agreed. To manage this, the Company periodically assesses the credit rating and financial reliability of customers, considering the financial condition, current economic trends, forward looking macroeconomic information, analysis of historical bad debts and ageing of accounts receivable. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable as at March 31, 2023 and 2024, or revenues for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024. There is no significant concentration of credit risk. Trade receivables and contract assets are written off where there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include, amongst others, the failure of a debtor to engage in a repayment plan with the Company. Refer to Note 9 for changes in the allowance for lifetime expected credit loss. Counterparty risk Counterparty risk encompasses issuer risk on marketable securities, settlement risk on derivative and money market contracts and credit risk on cash and time deposits. Issuer risk is minimized by only buying securities which are at least AA rated in India based on Indian rating agencies. Settlement and credit risk is reduced by the policy of entering into transactions with counterparties that are usually banks or financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. Exposure to these risks are closely monitored and maintained within predetermined parameters. There are limits on credit exposure to any financial institution. The limits are regularly assessed and determined based upon credit analysis including financial statements and capital adequacy ratio reviews. Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at a reasonable price. The Company’s corporate treasury department is responsible for liquidity and funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management. Management monitors the Company’s net liquidity position through rolling forecasts based on the expected cash flows. As at March 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents are held with major banks and financial institutions. The table below provides details regarding the remaining contractual maturities of significant financial liabilities at the reporting date. The amounts include estimated interest payments and exclude the impact of netting agreements, if any. As at March 31, 2023 Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-4 years Beyond 4 years Total Cashflows Interest included in total cash flows Carrying value Loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts (1) ₹ 91,743 ₹ 924 ₹ 63,015 ₹ - ₹ 155,682 ₹ ( 5,589 ) ₹ 150,093 Lease Liabilities (1) 9,620 7,130 7,233 3,087 27,070 ( 2,497 ) 24,573 Trade payables and accrued expenses 89,054 - - - 89,054 - 89,054 Derivative liabilities 2,825 153 26 - 3,004 - 3,004 Other financial liabilities (2) 4,192 1,587 951 410 7,140 ( 350 ) 6,790 As at March 31, 2024 Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-4 years Beyond 4 years Total Cashflows Interest included in total cash flows Carrying value Loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts (1) ₹ 81,157 ₹ 938 ₹ 63,019 ₹ - ₹ 145,114 ₹ ( 3,648 ) ₹ 141,466 Lease Liabilities (1) 10,377 6,670 5,504 3,690 26,241 ( 3,058 ) 23,183 Trade payables and accrued expenses 88,566 - - - 88,566 - 88,566 Derivative liabilities 558 4 - - 562 - 562 Other financial liabilities (2) 2,272 601 2,513 2,790 8,176 ( 919 ) 7,257 (1) Includes future cash outflow towards estimated interest on loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts, and lease liabilities. (2) Includes future cash outflow towards estimated interest on contingent consideration and liability on written put options to non-controlling interests. The balanced view of liquidity and financial indebtedness is stated in the table below. The management for external communication with investors, analysts and rating agencies uses this calculation of the net cash position: As at March 31, 2023 2024 Cash and cash equivalents ₹ 91,880 ₹ 96,953 Investments - current 309,232 311,171 Loans, borrowings and bank overdrafts ( 150,093 ) ( 141,466 ) ₹ 251,019 ₹ 266,658 |