Senomyx (SNMX) 10-K 8 Mar 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Feb. 27, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	SENOMYX INC
Entity Central Index Key	1,123,979
Trading Symbol	snmx
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		47,786,793
Entity Public Float			$ 33,207
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Balance Sheets

Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,233	$ 3,587
Short-term investments available-for-sale	9,630	8,776
Accounts receivable	7,130	5,352
Inventories	1,579	2,335
Other current assets	467	983
Total current assets	25,039	21,033
Property and equipment, net	2,561	2,731
Total assets	27,600	23,764
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	4,920	5,504
Deferred rent	335
Leasehold incentive obligation	219	219
Total current liabilities	5,474	5,723
Deferred rent	2,229	1,886
Leasehold incentive obligation	1,134	1,353
Commitments
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 7,500,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized; 47,786,793 and 45,298,403 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	48	45
Additional paid-in capital	298,242	292,932
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(5)	(4)
Accumulated deficit	(279,522)	(278,171)
Total stockholders’ equity	18,763	14,802
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 27,600	$ 23,764

Balance Sheets (Parentheticals)

Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,500,000	7,500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	120,000,000	120,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	47,786,793	45,298,403
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	47,786,793	45,298,403

Statements of Operations and Co

Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues:
Development revenues	$ 7,789	$ 13,797	$ 17,838
Commercial revenues	21,531	9,242	7,044
Total revenues	29,320	23,039	24,882
Operating expenses:
Cost of commercial revenues	1,832	1,096	638
Research, development and patents	16,685	20,950	24,085
Selling, general and administrative	12,136	11,752	12,849
Total operating expenses	30,653	33,798	37,572
Loss from operations	(1,333)	(10,759)	(12,690)
Other income	70	73	42
Net loss	(1,263)	(10,686)	(12,648)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(1)	23	(17)
Comprehensive loss	$ (1,264)	$ (10,663)	$ (12,665)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.29)
Shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted (in shares)	47,192,957	44,803,952	43,968,167

Statements of Stockholders' Equ

Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014	43,370,309
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 43	$ 278,362	$ (10)	$ (254,837)	$ 23,558
Issuance of common stock related to the exercise of options (in shares)	698,851
Issuance of common stock related to the exercise of options	$ 1	2,139			2,140
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock plan purchases (in shares)	434,660
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock plan purchases	$ 1	1,220			1,221
Compensation related to stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors		5,230			5,230
Compensation related to stock options granted to consultants		40			40
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments			(17)		(17)
Net loss				(12,648)	(12,648)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015	44,503,820
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 45	286,991	(27)	(267,485)	19,524
Issuance of common stock related to the exercise of options (in shares)	254,697
Issuance of common stock related to the exercise of options		543			543
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock plan purchases (in shares)	245,768
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock plan purchases		703			703
Compensation related to stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors		4,412			4,412
Compensation related to stock options granted to consultants		27			27
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments			23		23
Net loss				(10,686)	(10,686)
Issuance of common stock related to an equity purchase agreement (in shares)	294,118
Issuance of common stock related to an equity purchase agreement		256			256
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016	45,298,403
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 45	292,932	(4)	(278,171)	$ 14,802
Issuance of common stock related to the exercise of options (in shares)
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock plan purchases (in shares)	488,390
Issuance of common stock related to employee stock plan purchases		339			$ 339
Compensation related to stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors		3,149			3,149
Compensation related to stock options granted to consultants		23			23
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments			(1)		(1)
Net loss				(1,263)	(1,263)
Issuance of common stock related to an equity purchase agreement (in shares)	2,000,000
Issuance of common stock related to an equity purchase agreement	$ 3	1,711			1,714
ASU 2016-09 stock based compensation adjustment		88		(88)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	47,786,793
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 48	$ 298,242	$ (5)	$ (279,522)	$ 18,763

Statements of Cash Flows

Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (1,263)	$ (10,686)	$ (12,648)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	757	741	1,098
Accretion of premium on available-for-sale securities	29	152	148
Amortization of leasehold incentive obligation	(219)	(220)	(347)
Stock-based compensation for employees and non-employee directors	3,149	4,412	5,230
Stock-based compensation for non-employees	23	27	40
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,778)	(2,159)	(917)
Inventories	756	279	(877)
Other current assets	516	20	387
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(613)	(61)	255
Deferred revenues		(3,497)	(2,180)
Deferred rent	678	(559)	1,575
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	2,035	(11,551)	(8,236)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(558)	(138)	(690)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(11,635)	(9,538)	(16,108)
Maturities of available-for-sale securities	10,751	18,750	22,530
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(1,442)	9,074	5,732
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	2,053	1,246	3,361
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,053	1,246	3,361
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	2,646	(1,231)	857
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	3,587	4,818	3,961
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	6,233	3,587	4,818
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Purchases of inventories included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities at year-end		180
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities at year-end	$ 28

Note 1 - Organization and Summa

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	1. Organization and Business Senomyx, Inc. (“we”, “us” or “our”) was incorporated in Delaware in September 1998 January 1999. We currently have product discovery, development and commercialization collaborations with some of the world’s leading packaged food, beverage and ingredient companies: Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (“Ajinomoto”), Firmenich SA (“Firmenich”) and PepsiCo, Inc. (“PepsiCo”). Our collaboration agreements generally provide for license fees, research and development funding, reimbursement of certain costs, development milestone payments based upon our achievement of research or development goals and, in the event of commercialization, commercial milestone payments, minimum periodic royalties and royalties on sales of products incorporating our flavor ingredients. We also sell certain flavor ingredients directly to flavor companies for inclusion in flavor systems for re-sale to food and beverage companies. Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have incurred net losses from operations since inception and have an accumulated deficit of $279.5 December 31, 2017. December 31, 2017 $15.9 12 Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three Investments Available-for-Sale Our surplus cash is generally invested in United States government agency securities and corporate debt securities with maturity dates of two Fair Value of Financial Instruments other than Investments Available-for-Sale The carrying amoun t of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses are considered to be representative of their respective fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Collaborations Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments available-for-sale. We limit our exposure to credit loss by placing our cash, cash equivalents, and investments with high credit quality financial institutions in instruments with short maturities. We derive significant portions of our revenues from a relatively small number of collaborators. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, 10% Years Ended December 31, 201 201 6 201 5 PepsiCo (in millions) $ 13.8 (47%) $ 14.0 (61%) $ 14.9 (60%) Firmenich (in millions) $ 13.5 (46%) $ 6.7 (29%) $ 8.8 (35%) Accounts Receivable We extend credit to our customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of the customer’s credit history, financial condition and other factors. Estimates of allowances for uncollectible receivables are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due and other factors. At December 31, 2017 2016, not Accounts receivable from c ustomers which contributed 10% December 31, 2017 2016 December 31, 201 7 201 6 PepsiCo (in millions) $ 5.4 (76%) $ 3.4 (63%) Firmenich (in millions) $ 1.6 (22%) $ 1.3 (24%) Ajinomoto (in millions) --- $ 0.6 (11%) Inventories Inventories consist entirely of purchased finished goods. Inventories are valued at lower of cost (on a moving average basis) or net realizable value. We are required to make assumptions regarding the level of reserves required to value items at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We make judgments and estimates regarding excess or obsolete inventory by analyzing forecasted demand, pricing trends, margins, product life cycles, remaining shelf life and expectations of efficacy, as well as qualitative factors given the limited sales history of our products. At December 31, 2017 2016 $395,000 zero In July 2015, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015 11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017. no Property and Equipment , net Property and equipment , net are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets (ranging from three five Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with the Property, Plant and Equipment Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) , if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the fair value to the carrying value. There have been no December 31, 2017. Deferred Rent Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of any lease. The difference between rent expense accrued and amounts paid under any lease agreement is recorded as deferred rent in the accompanying balance sheets. Leasehold Incentive Obligation In conjunction with the lease agreement covering the facility occupied by us, we received a tenant improvement allowance of $155 $10.1 Revenue Recognition Development Revenues Development revenues are based on our product discovery, development and commercialization collaboration agreements. Some of our collaboration agreements contain multiple elements, including technological and territorial licenses and research and development services. In accordance with these agreements, we may Pursuant to the Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements Topic of the FASB ASC, each required deliverable is evaluated to determine if it qualifies as a separate unit of accounting. For us, this determination is generally based on whether the deliverable has “stand-alone value” to the customer. The arrangement’s consideration is then allocated to each separate unit of accounting based on the relative selling price of each deliverable. The estimated selling price of each deliverable is determined using the following hierarchy of values: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value; (ii) third not January 1, 2011 not Non-refundable license fees, if not – Milestone Method Topic of the FASB ASC. Milestones are recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgment from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence that the milestone has been achieved, provided that the milestone event is substantive. A milestone event is considered to be substantive if its achievability was not not Commercial Revenues Commercial revenues from collaboration agreements include license payments and royalties on sales made by our collaborators of products incorporating our flavor ingredients, minimum periodic royalty payments and revenues from the achievement of commercial milestones. Commercial revenues also include direct sales of our flavor ingredients to flavor companies. Royalties on sales made by our collaborators of products incorporating our flavor ingredients are recognized when a royalty report or other persuasive evidence is received, which is generally one not no Revenues from direct sales of our flavor ingredients are recorded when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, title has passed, collection is reasonably assured and the price is fixed or determinable. We generally do not New Accounting Guidance In May 2014, December 15, 2017, one two January 1, 2018, January 1, 2018 will impact the timing of recognition for royalty revenues associated with sales made by collaborators, requiring recognition earlier than historically recorded. We anticipate that the cumulative effect of the new guidance will be an adjustment to our opening retained earnings on January 1, 2018 $1.5 first 2018 Direct Sales Our direct sales revenues were $1.8 $1.1 $640,000 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, Cost of Commercial Revenues Cost of c ommercial revenues represents royalties payable under our third Research , D evelopment and Patents Research and development costs, including those incurred in relation to our collaborative agreements, are expensed in the period incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of salaries and related expenses for personnel, facilities and depreciation, research and development supplies, licenses and outside services. Such research and development costs totaled $15.0 $19.3 $22.4 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain . We include all external costs related to the filing of patents related to development in Research, Development and Patents expenses. Such patent-related expenses totaled $1.7 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015. Employee Benefit Plans We have a defined contribution plan under Section 401 may may $124,000, $166,000 $183,000 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, Stock-Based Compensation Compensation cost for stock -based awards is based on the estimated grant-date fair value. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for determining the estimated fair value for stock-based awards with the following weighted average assumptions (annualized percentages): Years Ended December 31, 20 1 7 20 1 6 20 1 5 Stock Options Expected volatility 78.0 % 65.2 % 65.6 % Risk-free interest rate 2.15 % 1.62 % 1.73 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (in years) 6.0 6.0 6.1 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Expected volatility 110.8 % 65.5 % 68.4 % Risk-free interest rate 1.25 % 0.67 % 0.47 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (in years) 1.2 1.3 1.2 Expected volatility is based on our historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the average United States Treasury yield curve at the grant date. The assumed dividend yield is based on our expectation of not . The assumptions related to expected volatility and risk-free interest rate used for the valuation of stock options differ from those used for the valuation of employee stock purchase plan rights primarily due to the difference in their respective expected terms. The weighted-average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $0.68, $1.70 $2.79 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $0.38, $1.74 $2.88 In March 2016, 2016 09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting January 1, 2017 first 2017. not $3.2 $243,000 no 2016 09 $88,000 S tock-based compensation expenses for options and awards are recognized on a straight-line basis. S tock-based compensation expenses are allocated to research, development and patents or selling, general and administrative based upon the department to which the associated employee or non-employee reports. Total stock-based compensation expense s recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 Research, development and patents $ 1,206 $ 1,932 $ 2,233 Selling, general and administrative 1,966 2,507 3,037 Total stock-based compensation expenses $ 3,172 $ 4,439 $ 5,270 The total fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $3.4 $4.0 $5.8 December 31, 2017, $2.2 1.8 Income Taxes W e account for income taxes in accordance with provisions which set forth an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not T he provisions of the Income Taxes Topic of the FASB ASC defines a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax provision taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Topic also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Under the Topic, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than- not not 50% Net Loss Per Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income or loss by the weighted average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method . Dilutive common share equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money shares, which is calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a share, the amount of compensation cost, if any, for future service that we have not The following table sets forth the computatio n of basic and diluted net loss per share for the respective periods. Year s E nded December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 Numerator: Net loss (in thousands) $ (1,263 ) $ (10,686 ) $ (12,648 ) Denominator: Weighted average common shares 47,192,957 44,803,952 43,968,167 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.03 ) $ (0.24 ) $ (0.29 ) Year s E nded December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 O utstanding antidilutive securities not included in diluted net loss per share calculation: Options to purchase common stock 10,125,212 10,538,693 10,942,398 Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Comprehensive Income Topic of the FASB ASC requires that all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), be reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 Segment Reporting We operate in one Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, 2016 02, Leases (Topic 842 2016 02 2016 02 December 15, 2018 ( 2016 02 first 2019.

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures [Text Block]	2. Short-term Investments Available-for-Sale The following is a summary of short-term investments available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2017 ( Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value United States government agency securities $ 4,592 $ — $ (2 ) $ 4,590 Corporate debt securities 5,043 — (3 ) 5,040 Short-term investments available-for-sale $ 9,635 $ — $ (5 ) $ 9,630 The following is a summary of short-term investments available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2016 ( Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value United States government agency securities $ 4,222 $ — $ (2 ) $ 4,220 Corporate debt securities 4,558 — (2 ) 4,556 Short-term investments available-for-sale $ 8,780 $ — $ (4 ) $ 8,776 Short-term i nvestments available-for-sale securities we consider to be temporarily impaired at December 31, 2017 Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment Description Number of investments Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses United States government agency securities 5 $ 4,590 $ (2 ) Corporate debt securities 9 4,149 (3 ) Temporarily impaired securities 14 $ 8,739 $ (5 ) We believe that the decline in value of these securities is temporary and primarily related to the change in market interest rates since purchase and that it is more likely than not Gross realized gains and losses on available-for- sale securities were immaterial during the years ended December 31, 2017 2016. December 31, 2017, one Property and Equipment , net Property and equipment , net consists of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2017 2016 Scientific equipment $ 11,877 $ 11,875 Computer equipment 3,090 2,791 Furniture and fixtures 1,077 1,077 Leasehold improvements 13,237 13,228 Property and equipment, gross 29,281 28,971 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (26,720 ) (26,240 ) Property and equipment, net $ 2,561 $ 2,731 Depreciati on expense was $0.8 $0.7 $1.1 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, Accounts Payable , Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accounts payable , accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 20 1 7 20 1 6 Accounts payable $ 575 $ 1,079 Accrued employee benefits 3,195 3,030 Other accrued expenses 1,150 1,395 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 4,920 $ 5,504

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosures

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]	3 . Fair Value Disclosures The following table presents information about our financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 1 1 Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 2 2 third third 2 2 2 no 1 2 2017 2016. Level 3 asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may not 3 The fair value as of December 31, 2017 2016 Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using Description Balance as of December 31, 2017 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Financial instruments owned: Money market funds $ 2,999 $ 2,999 $ — $ — U.S. government securities 4,590 — 4,590 — Corporate debt 6,538 — 6,538 — Total financial instruments owned $ 14,127 $ 2,999 $ 11,128 $ — Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using Description Balance as of December 31, 2016 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Financial instruments owned: Money market funds $ 3,028 $ 3,028 $ — $ — U.S. government agency bonds 4,220 — 4,220 — Corporate bonds 4,556 — 4,556 — Total financial instruments owned $ 11,804 $ 3,028 $ 8,776 $ —

Note 4 - Product Discovery, Dev

Note 4 - Product Discovery, Development and Commercialization Collaborations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Collaborative Arrangement Disclosure [Text Block]	4. , Development and Commercialization Collaborations Our current collaboration agreements generally provide for research and development funding, milestone payments, cost reimbursement and royalty payments in the event the collaborator commercializes a product incorporating our flavor ingredients. Development milestones are generally due upon selection and regulatory events. Development milestones are considered to be due to our performance and are accounted for as substantive milestones in accordance with the Revenue Recognition – Milestone Method Topic of the FASB ASC. Development milestones are recorded as development revenues. An example of a selection event would be a collaborator selecting a compound for development. An example of a regulatory event would be a selected compound obtaining either U.S. or foreign regulatory approval. There are circumstances under which we and our collaborators in the future may Development milestones generally range in value up to $750,000 do not Commercial milestones are generally due upon commercial events. We do not not first may Commercial milestones generally range in value up to $1.5 consider milestones for commercial events to be commercial revenues. The specific type of royalty and method for calculating royalty payments varies by agreement . We have retail-based royalty agreements, where any potential royalty payable to us is calculated as a percentage of the net sales price of a manufacturer’s finished products or is based on the volume of a manufacturer’s finished product that it sells. Our retail-based royalty agreements provide for an effective royalty rate of up to 4%. Material Agreements Firmenich (Sweet) . July 2009, two three one October 2009. three In October 2010 , we and Firmenich further amended the agreement to include, among other things, commercial development of S6973, S6973 In November 2010, exercised its option to expand the companies’ agreement to include the discovery, development, and worldwide commercialization of natural flavor ingredients that modify the taste of sucrose, fructose, and various forms of rebaudioside. In consideration of the expansion of the agreement, Firmenich paid us additional research funding as well as milestones, minimum annual royalties, and royalties on sales of natural sweet enhancers developed under the collaboration. In April 2013, we amended and restated the collaboration agreement with Firmenich to extend the collaborative research period through July 2016, $5 $4 2013 $1 $13 three July 2013 July 2016. Firmenich continues to have obligations for other milestone payments, cost reimbursements and royalty payments under an increased royalty rate structure based upon Firmenich sales of flavor ingredients developed under the collaboration. In connection with this collaborative agreement, we recognized development revenues of $0.3 $3.7 $6.2 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, T hrough December 31, 2017, $58.6 PepsiCo (Sweet) . August 2010 1 2 $30.0 $7.5 second 2010 $22.5 third 2010. $32.0 four In May 2014, two August 2016 , which entitled us to $17.6 two In July 2016, for an additional 45 September 2016 $1.1 In September 2016, three September 2019. $18.0 three October 2016. may two In connection with this agreement, we recognized development revenues of $6.4 $9.3 $10.0 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, Th rough December 31, 2017, $95.7 $10.5 $106.2 Firmenich (Cool). In December 2007, three may November 2010, December 2012. December 2012, June 2013, 2014 November 2017, 2018 2020, January 1, 2021. $10.0 November 2017. Under this agreement, through December 31, 2017, $19.5 es and royalty payments. We are entitled to receive royalties on future net sales of products containing a discovered flavor ingredient beginning in 2021 This footnote only discloses amounts recognized for individually material coll aboration agreements during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, not

Note 5 - Commitments

Note 5 - Commitments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	5 . Commitments Leases and Loans We lease our primary laboratory and office facility in San Diego, California under a lease that expires on February 28, 2024. 1% December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $2.3 $2.3 $2.2 For all of our operating leases in effect at December 31, 2017, December 31 Operating Leases 201 8 $ 2,870 201 9 2,898 2020 2,927 20 21 2,956 202 2 2,984 Thereafter 3,560 Total minimum lease payments $ 18,195 In connection with certain license agreements, our annual future minimum obligation payment is $190,000 December 31, 2018.

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Shareholders' Equity and Share-based Payments [Text Block]	6 . Stockholders ’ Equity Convertible Preferred Stock Our certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, authorizes us to issue up to 7,500,000 $0.001, one may may No December 31, 2017 2016. Equity Incentive Plan We adopted the 2004 2013 January 1, 2014 ( 18,935,450 December 31, 2017, 2,801,407 The Plan allows us to grant restricted stock purchase rights at no 85% four 457,069 $0.35 $0.94 December 31, 2017. 131,152 no December 31, 2017. No three December 31, 2017. Options granted under the Plan generally expire no 10 five 10% four may no 85% 10% may no 110% December 31, 2017, no The following is a summary of stock option activity under the Plan through December 31, 2017: Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 10,538,693 $ 5.12 Granted 1,761,380 $ 1.01 Exercised — — Forfeited or expired (2,174,861 ) $ 7.14 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 10,125,212 $ 3.97 5.0 $ 480 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2017 10,125,212 $ 3.97 5.0 $ 480 Exercisable at December 31, 2017 7,830,026 $ 4.58 3.9 $ 30 The aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing market price of our common stock at December 31, 2017 $1.30 zero $0.4 $1.8 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, zero $0.6 $2.1 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, E mployee Stock Purchase Plan During 2004, we adopted the 2004 85% first two 85% six two may 15% 5,633,096 December 31, 2017, 4,273,972 $2.44 E quity Purchase Agreement In December 2016, LC (“LPC”), whereby we had the right to sell to LPC from time to time in our sole discretion up to $14 December 20, 2018, December 31, 2017, 2,000,000 $2.1 November 2017, no Shares Reserved for Future Issuance The following shares of common stock are reserved for future issuance: December 31, 2017 Common stock options granted and outstanding 10,125,212 Common stock options reserved for future grant 2,801,407 Common stock reserved under Purchase Plan 1,359,124 Total common stock shares reserved for future issuance 14,285,743

Note 7 - Income Taxes

Note 7 - Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	7. Significant components of our net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 2016 $62.7 $89.6 December 31, 2017 2016, Years ended December 31, 201 7 20 1 6 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 28,500 $ 41,500 Capitalized research and development 16,500 27,400 Research and development credits 12,500 11,500 Stock -based compensation 3,600 6,900 Deferred revenue s — 100 Other, net 1,600 2,200 Total deferred tax assets 62,700 89,600 Total deferred tax liabilities — — Net deferred tax assets 62,700 89,600 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (62,700 ) (89,600 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ — The provision for income taxes on earnings subject to income taxes differs from the statutory federal rate at December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, 201 7 201 6 20 1 5 Federal income taxes at 35% $ (442 ) $ (3,740 ) $ (4,426 ) State income tax, net of F ederal benefit 21 (26 ) 1 Tax effect on non-deductible expenses and credits 2,180 3,054 968 Expiring state net operating losses 8 11 143 Research credits (153 ) (427 ) (635 ) Uncertain tax positions 38 173 2,038 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 28,732 — — Excess tax benefit (3,425 ) — — Rate change (43 ) (639 ) 6,066 Other (1 ) (123 ) (10 ) Chang e in valuation allowance (26,915 ) 1,717 (4,145 ) $ — $ — $ — At December 31, 2017, $116.1 $99.3 2019 2018, At December 31, 2017, $9.9 $8.7 2021 We have analyzed filing positions in all of the Federal and state jurisdictions where we are required to file income tax returns for all open tax years in these jurisdictions. Our analysis concluded that, due to past ownership changes, our deferred tax assets for net operating losses and research and development credits will be subject to an annual limitation. As such, $3.1 $944,000 may not We updated our Section 382 383 December 31, 2017 not February 2007. 382 383 December 31, 2017 not may On December 22, 2017, We estimate there is no December 31, 2017, may We remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the futu re, which is generally 21%. $28.7 A rollforward of changes in our unrecognized tax benefits is shown below (in thousands). 201 7 201 6 201 5 Balance at beginning of year $ 8,268 $ 7,447 $ 4,360 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 57 139 195 Additions based on tax positions of prior years — 682 2,994 Reductions based on tax positions of prior years — — (102 ) Balance at end of year $ 8,325 $ 8,268 $ 7,447 In the next twelve not Due to the existence of the valuation allowance, future changes in unrecognized tax benefits will not We are subject to taxation in the United States and state jurisdictions. Our tax years for 2014 2013 may not not We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. For the three December 31, 2017, not

Note 8 - Summary of Quarterly F

Note 8 - Summary of Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Quarterly Financial Information [Text Block]	8 . Summary of Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) The following is a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Year Ended December 31, 201 7 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Selected Quarterly Financial Data: Revenues $ 4,466 $ 4,870 $ 5,055 $ 14,929 Total operating expenses 7,914 7,711 7,246 7,782 Net income (loss) (3,436 ) (2,828 ) (2,172 ) 7,173 Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.07 ) $ (0.06 ) $ (0.05 ) $ 0.15 Year Ended December 31, 201 6 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Selected Quarterly Financial Data: Revenues $ 6,250 $ 6,567 $ 6,020 $ 4,202 Total operating expenses 8,688 8,721 8,501 7,888 Net loss (2,419 ) (2,136 ) (2,461 ) (3,670 ) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.05 ) $ (0.05 ) $ (0.05 ) $ (0.08 )

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have incurred net losses from operations since inception and have an accumulated deficit of $279.5 December 31, 2017. December 31, 2017 $15.9 12
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three
Marketable Securities, Available-for-sale Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Investments Available-for-Sale Our surplus cash is generally invested in United States government agency securities and corporate debt securities with maturity dates of two
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Fair Value of Financial Instruments other than Investments Available-for-Sale The carrying amoun t of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses are considered to be representative of their respective fair value because of the short-term nature of these items.
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Collaborations Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments available-for-sale. We limit our exposure to credit loss by placing our cash, cash equivalents, and investments with high credit quality financial institutions in instruments with short maturities. We derive significant portions of our revenues from a relatively small number of collaborators. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, 10% Years Ended December 31, 201 201 6 201 5 PepsiCo (in millions) $ 13.8 (47%) $ 14.0 (61%) $ 14.9 (60%) Firmenich (in millions) $ 13.5 (46%) $ 6.7 (29%) $ 8.8 (35%)
Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Accounts Receivable We extend credit to our customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of the customer’s credit history, financial condition and other factors. Estimates of allowances for uncollectible receivables are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due and other factors. At December 31, 2017 2016, not Accounts receivable from c ustomers which contributed 10% December 31, 2017 2016 December 31, 201 7 201 6 PepsiCo (in millions) $ 5.4 (76%) $ 3.4 (63%) Firmenich (in millions) $ 1.6 (22%) $ 1.3 (24%) Ajinomoto (in millions) --- $ 0.6 (11%)
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Inventories Inventories consist entirely of purchased finished goods. Inventories are valued at lower of cost (on a moving average basis) or net realizable value. We are required to make assumptions regarding the level of reserves required to value items at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We make judgments and estimates regarding excess or obsolete inventory by analyzing forecasted demand, pricing trends, margins, product life cycles, remaining shelf life and expectations of efficacy, as well as qualitative factors given the limited sales history of our products. At December 31, 2017 2016 $395,000 zero In July 2015, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015 11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017. no
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Property and Equipment , net Property and equipment , net are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets (ranging from three five
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with the Property, Plant and Equipment Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) , if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the fair value to the carrying value. There have been no December 31, 2017.
Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Deferred Rent Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of any lease. The difference between rent expense accrued and amounts paid under any lease agreement is recorded as deferred rent in the accompanying balance sheets.
Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]	Leasehold Incentive Obligation In conjunction with the lease agreement covering the facility occupied by us, we received a tenant improvement allowance of $155 $10.1
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Revenue Recognition Development Revenues Development revenues are based on our product discovery, development and commercialization collaboration agreements. Some of our collaboration agreements contain multiple elements, including technological and territorial licenses and research and development services. In accordance with these agreements, we may Pursuant to the Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements Topic of the FASB ASC, each required deliverable is evaluated to determine if it qualifies as a separate unit of accounting. For us, this determination is generally based on whether the deliverable has “stand-alone value” to the customer. The arrangement’s consideration is then allocated to each separate unit of accounting based on the relative selling price of each deliverable. The estimated selling price of each deliverable is determined using the following hierarchy of values: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value; (ii) third not January 1, 2011 not Non-refundable license fees, if not – Milestone Method Topic of the FASB ASC. Milestones are recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgment from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence that the milestone has been achieved, provided that the milestone event is substantive. A milestone event is considered to be substantive if its achievability was not not Commercial Revenues Commercial revenues from collaboration agreements include license payments and royalties on sales made by our collaborators of products incorporating our flavor ingredients, minimum periodic royalty payments and revenues from the achievement of commercial milestones. Commercial revenues also include direct sales of our flavor ingredients to flavor companies. Royalties on sales made by our collaborators of products incorporating our flavor ingredients are recognized when a royalty report or other persuasive evidence is received, which is generally one not no Revenues from direct sales of our flavor ingredients are recorded when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, title has passed, collection is reasonably assured and the price is fixed or determinable. We generally do not New Accounting Guidance In May 2014, December 15, 2017, one two January 1, 2018, January 1, 2018 will impact the timing of recognition for royalty revenues associated with sales made by collaborators, requiring recognition earlier than historically recorded. We anticipate that the cumulative effect of the new guidance will be an adjustment to our opening retained earnings on January 1, 2018 $1.5 first 2018
Revenue Recognition, Sales of Goods [Policy Text Block]	Direct Sales Our direct sales revenues were $1.8 $1.1 $640,000 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015,
Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cost of Commercial Revenues Cost of c ommercial revenues represents royalties payable under our third
Research Development and Patents Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Research , D evelopment and Patents Research and development costs, including those incurred in relation to our collaborative agreements, are expensed in the period incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of salaries and related expenses for personnel, facilities and depreciation, research and development supplies, licenses and outside services. Such research and development costs totaled $15.0 $19.3 $22.4 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015, Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain . We include all external costs related to the filing of patents related to development in Research, Development and Patents expenses. Such patent-related expenses totaled $1.7 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015.
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Employee Benefit Plans We have a defined contribution plan under Section 401 may may $124,000, $166,000 $183,000 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015,
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]	Stock-Based Compensation Compensation cost for stock -based awards is based on the estimated grant-date fair value. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for determining the estimated fair value for stock-based awards with the following weighted average assumptions (annualized percentages): Years Ended December 31, 20 1 7 20 1 6 20 1 5 Stock Options Expected volatility 78.0 % 65.2 % 65.6 % Risk-free interest rate 2.15 % 1.62 % 1.73 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (in years) 6.0 6.0 6.1 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Expected volatility 110.8 % 65.5 % 68.4 % Risk-free interest rate 1.25 % 0.67 % 0.47 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (in years) 1.2 1.3 1.2 Expected volatility is based on our historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the average United States Treasury yield curve at the grant date. The assumed dividend yield is based on our expectation of not . The assumptions related to expected volatility and risk-free interest rate used for the valuation of stock options differ from those used for the valuation of employee stock purchase plan rights primarily due to the difference in their respective expected terms. The weighted-average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $0.68, $1.70 $2.79 December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $0.38, $1.74 $2.88 In March 2016, 2016 09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting January 1, 2017 first 2017. not $3.2 $243,000 no 2016 09 $88,000 S tock-based compensation expenses for options and awards are recognized on a straight-line basis. S tock-based compensation expenses are allocated to research, development and patents or selling, general and administrative based upon the department to which the associated employee or non-employee reports. Total stock-based compensation expense s recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 Years Ended December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 Research, development and patents $ 1,206 $ 1,932 $ 2,233 Selling, general and administrative 1,966 2,507 3,037 Total stock-based compensation expenses $ 3,172 $ 4,439 $ 5,270 The total fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 2015 $3.4 $4.0 $5.8 December 31, 2017, $2.2 1.8
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes W e account for income taxes in accordance with provisions which set forth an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not T he provisions of the Income Taxes Topic of the FASB ASC defines a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax provision taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Topic also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Under the Topic, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than- not not 50%
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Net Loss Per Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income or loss by the weighted average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method . Dilutive common share equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money shares, which is calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a share, the amount of compensation cost, if any, for future service that we have not The following table sets forth the computatio n of basic and diluted net loss per share for the respective periods. Year s E nded December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 Numerator: Net loss (in thousands) $ (1,263 ) $ (10,686 ) $ (12,648 ) Denominator: Weighted average common shares 47,192,957 44,803,952 43,968,167 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.03 ) $ (0.24 ) $ (0.29 ) Year s E nded December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 O utstanding antidilutive securities not included in diluted net loss per share calculation: Options to purchase common stock 10,125,212 10,538,693 10,942,398
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Comprehensive Income Topic of the FASB ASC requires that all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), be reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2017, 2016 2015
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Segment Reporting We operate in one
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, 2016 02, Leases (Topic 842 2016 02 2016 02 December 15, 2018 ( 2016 02 first 2019.

Note 1 - Organization and Sum16

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]	Years Ended December 31, 20 1 7 20 1 6 20 1 5 Stock Options Expected volatility 78.0 % 65.2 % 65.6 % Risk-free interest rate 2.15 % 1.62 % 1.73 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (in years) 6.0 6.0 6.1 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Expected volatility 110.8 % 65.5 % 68.4 % Risk-free interest rate 1.25 % 0.67 % 0.47 % Dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (in years) 1.2 1.3 1.2
Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]	Years Ended December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 Research, development and patents $ 1,206 $ 1,932 $ 2,233 Selling, general and administrative 1,966 2,507 3,037 Total stock-based compensation expenses $ 3,172 $ 4,439 $ 5,270
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]	Year s E nded December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 Numerator: Net loss (in thousands) $ (1,263 ) $ (10,686 ) $ (12,648 ) Denominator: Weighted average common shares 47,192,957 44,803,952 43,968,167 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.03 ) $ (0.24 ) $ (0.29 ) Year s E nded December 31, 201 7 201 6 201 5 O utstanding antidilutive securities not included in diluted net loss per share calculation: Options to purchase common stock 10,125,212 10,538,693 10,942,398
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Notes Tables
Schedule of Regulatory Assets [Table Text Block]	December 31, 201 7 201 6 PepsiCo (in millions) $ 5.4 (76%) $ 3.4 (63%) Firmenich (in millions) $ 1.6 (22%) $ 1.3 (24%) Ajinomoto (in millions) --- $ 0.6 (11%)
Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Notes Tables
Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]	Years Ended December 31, 201 201 6 201 5 PepsiCo (in millions) $ 13.8 (47%) $ 14.0 (61%) $ 14.9 (60%) Firmenich (in millions) $ 13.5 (46%) $ 6.7 (29%) $ 8.8 (35%)

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Available-for-sale Securities [Table Text Block]	Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value United States government agency securities $ 4,592 $ — $ (2 ) $ 4,590 Corporate debt securities 5,043 — (3 ) 5,040 Short-term investments available-for-sale $ 9,635 $ — $ (5 ) $ 9,630 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value United States government agency securities $ 4,222 $ — $ (2 ) $ 4,220 Corporate debt securities 4,558 — (2 ) 4,556 Short-term investments available-for-sale $ 8,780 $ — $ (4 ) $ 8,776
Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments [Table Text Block]	Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment Description Number of investments Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses United States government agency securities 5 $ 4,590 $ (2 ) Corporate debt securities 9 4,149 (3 ) Temporarily impaired securities 14 $ 8,739 $ (5 )
Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]	As of December 31, 2017 2016 Scientific equipment $ 11,877 $ 11,875 Computer equipment 3,090 2,791 Furniture and fixtures 1,077 1,077 Leasehold improvements 13,237 13,228 Property and equipment, gross 29,281 28,971 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (26,720 ) (26,240 ) Property and equipment, net $ 2,561 $ 2,731
Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]	As of December 31, 20 1 7 20 1 6 Accounts payable $ 575 $ 1,079 Accrued employee benefits 3,195 3,030 Other accrued expenses 1,150 1,395 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 4,920 $ 5,504

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosur18

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using Description Balance as of December 31, 2017 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Financial instruments owned: Money market funds $ 2,999 $ 2,999 $ — $ — U.S. government securities 4,590 — 4,590 — Corporate debt 6,538 — 6,538 — Total financial instruments owned $ 14,127 $ 2,999 $ 11,128 $ — Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using Description Balance as of December 31, 2016 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Financial instruments owned: Money market funds $ 3,028 $ 3,028 $ — $ — U.S. government agency bonds 4,220 — 4,220 — Corporate bonds 4,556 — 4,556 — Total financial instruments owned $ 11,804 $ 3,028 $ 8,776 $ —

Note 5 - Commitments (Tables)

Note 5 - Commitments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]	Operating Leases 201 8 $ 2,870 201 9 2,898 2020 2,927 20 21 2,956 202 2 2,984 Thereafter 3,560 Total minimum lease payments $ 18,195

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity (

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]	Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2016 10,538,693 $ 5.12 Granted 1,761,380 $ 1.01 Exercised — — Forfeited or expired (2,174,861 ) $ 7.14 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 10,125,212 $ 3.97 5.0 $ 480 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2017 10,125,212 $ 3.97 5.0 $ 480 Exercisable at December 31, 2017 7,830,026 $ 4.58 3.9 $ 30
Schedule of Share-based Compensation Shares Reserved for Future Issuance [Table Text Block]	December 31, 2017 Common stock options granted and outstanding 10,125,212 Common stock options reserved for future grant 2,801,407 Common stock reserved under Purchase Plan 1,359,124 Total common stock shares reserved for future issuance 14,285,743

Note 7 - Income Taxes (Tables)

Note 7 - Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	Years ended December 31, 201 7 20 1 6 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 28,500 $ 41,500 Capitalized research and development 16,500 27,400 Research and development credits 12,500 11,500 Stock -based compensation 3,600 6,900 Deferred revenue s — 100 Other, net 1,600 2,200 Total deferred tax assets 62,700 89,600 Total deferred tax liabilities — — Net deferred tax assets 62,700 89,600 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (62,700 ) (89,600 ) Net deferred tax assets $ — $ —
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	201 7 201 6 20 1 5 Federal income taxes at 35% $ (442 ) $ (3,740 ) $ (4,426 ) State income tax, net of F ederal benefit 21 (26 ) 1 Tax effect on non-deductible expenses and credits 2,180 3,054 968 Expiring state net operating losses 8 11 143 Research credits (153 ) (427 ) (635 ) Uncertain tax positions 38 173 2,038 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 28,732 — — Excess tax benefit (3,425 ) — — Rate change (43 ) (639 ) 6,066 Other (1 ) (123 ) (10 ) Chang e in valuation allowance (26,915 ) 1,717 (4,145 ) $ — $ — $ —
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]	201 7 201 6 201 5 Balance at beginning of year $ 8,268 $ 7,447 $ 4,360 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 57 139 195 Additions based on tax positions of prior years — 682 2,994 Reductions based on tax positions of prior years — — (102 ) Balance at end of year $ 8,325 $ 8,268 $ 7,447

Note 8 - Summary of Quarterly22

Note 8 - Summary of Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Tables
Quarterly Financial Information [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December 31, 201 7 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Selected Quarterly Financial Data: Revenues $ 4,466 $ 4,870 $ 5,055 $ 14,929 Total operating expenses 7,914 7,711 7,246 7,782 Net income (loss) (3,436 ) (2,828 ) (2,172 ) 7,173 Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.07 ) $ (0.06 ) $ (0.05 ) $ 0.15 Year Ended December 31, 201 6 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Selected Quarterly Financial Data: Revenues $ 6,250 $ 6,567 $ 6,020 $ 4,202 Total operating expenses 8,688 8,721 8,501 7,888 Net loss (2,419 ) (2,136 ) (2,461 ) (3,670 ) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.05 ) $ (0.05 ) $ (0.05 ) $ (0.08 )

Note 1 - Organization and Sum23

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / shares$ / ft²	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)$ / shares	Jan. 01, 2018USD ($)
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ (279,522,000)	$ (278,171,000)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments	15,900,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable	0	0
Inventory Valuation Reserves	$ 395,000	0
Tenant Improvement Allowance per Square Foot | $ / ft²	155
Payments for (Proceeds from) Tenant Allowance	$ 10,100,000
Direct Sales Revenue	1,800,000	1,100,000	$ 640,000
Research and Development Expense	15,000,000	19,300,000	22,400,000
Patent Expense	1,700,000	1,700,000	1,700,000
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Discretionary Contribution Amount	$ 124,000	$ 166,000	$ 183,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 0.68	$ 1.70	$ 2.79
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value	$ 3,400,000	$ 4,000,000	$ 5,800,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Stock Options	$ 2,200,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition	1 year 292 days
Number of Reportable Segments	1
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Unrecognized Excess Tax Benefits	$ 3,200,000
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | California Franchise Tax Board [Member]
Unrecognized Excess Tax Benefits	$ 243,000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Rights [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 0.38	$ 1.74	$ 2.88
Retained Earnings [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption				$ 1,500,000
Retained Earnings [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	$ (88,000)
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	$ 88,000
Maximum [Member]
Available for Sale Securities Maturity Term	2 years
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years

Note 1 - Organization and Sum24

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Concentration Risk, Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Concentration Risk, Revenue	$ 14,929	$ 5,055	$ 4,870	$ 4,466	$ 4,202	$ 6,020	$ 6,567	$ 6,250	$ 29,320	$ 23,039	$ 24,882
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | PepsiCo Inc. [Member]
Concentration Risk, Revenue									$ 13,800	$ 14,000	$ 14,900
Concentration Risk, Percentage									(47.00%)	(61.00%)	(60.00%)
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Firmenich [Member]
Concentration Risk, Revenue									$ 13,500	$ 6,700	$ 8,800
Concentration Risk, Percentage									(46.00%)	(29.00%)	(35.00%)

Note 1 - Organization and Sum25

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Concentration Risk, Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Concentration Risk, Accounts receivable	$ 7,130	$ 5,352
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | PepsiCo Inc. [Member]
Concentration Risk, Accounts receivable	$ 5,400	$ 3,400
Concentration Risk, Percentage	(76.00%)	(63.00%)
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Firmenich [Member]
Concentration Risk, Accounts receivable	$ 1,600	$ 1,300
Concentration Risk, Percentage	(22.00%)	(24.00%)
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Ajinomoto [Member]
Concentration Risk, Accounts receivable		$ 600
Concentration Risk, Percentage		(11.00%)

Note 1 - Organization and Sum26

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Weighted Average Assumptions Using the Black-Scholes Model (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Expected volatility	110.80%	65.50%	68.40%
Risk-free interest rate	1.25%	0.67%	0.47%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years) (Year)	1 year 73 days	1 year 109 days	1 year 73 days
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Expected volatility	78.00%	65.20%	65.60%
Risk-free interest rate	2.15%	1.62%	1.73%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years) (Year)	6 years	6 years	6 years 36 days

Note 1 - Organization and Sum27

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Stock-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock-based compensation	$ 3,172	$ 4,439	$ 5,270
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Stock-based compensation	1,206	1,932	2,233
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,966	$ 2,507	$ 3,037

Note 1 - Organization and Sum28

Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Net loss (in thousands)	$ 7,173	$ (2,172)	$ (2,828)	$ (3,436)	$ (3,670)	$ (2,461)	$ (2,136)	$ (2,419)	$ (1,263)	$ (10,686)	$ (12,648)
Weighted average common shares (in shares)									47,192,957	44,803,952	43,968,167
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.15	$ (0.05)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.29)
Outstanding antidilutive securities not included in diluted net loss per share calculation:
Options to purchase common stock (in shares)									10,125,212	10,538,693	10,942,398

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Detail29

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Depreciation	$ 757	$ 741	$ 1,098

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Detail30

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Investments Available-for-sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Amortized Cost	$ 9,635	$ 8,780
Unrealized Gain
Unrealized Loss	(5)	(4)
Estimated Fair Value	9,630	8,776
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Amortized Cost	4,592	4,222
Unrealized Gain
Unrealized Loss	(2)	(2)
Estimated Fair Value	4,590	4,220
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Amortized Cost	5,043	4,558
Unrealized Gain
Unrealized Loss	(3)	(2)
Estimated Fair Value	$ 5,040	$ 4,556

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Detail31

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Temporarily Impaired Investments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Number of investments	14
Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment, Estimated Fair Value	$ 8,739
Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment, Unrealized Losses	$ (5)
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Number of investments	5
Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment, Estimated Fair Value	$ 4,590
Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment, Unrealized Losses	$ (2)
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Number of investments	9
Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment, Estimated Fair Value	$ 4,149
Less than 12 Months of Temporary Impairment, Unrealized Losses	$ (3)

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Detail32

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property and equipment, gross	$ 29,281	$ 28,971
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(26,720)	(26,240)
Property and equipment, net	2,561	2,731
Scientific Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	11,877	11,875
Computer Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	3,090	2,791
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	1,077	1,077
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 13,237	$ 13,228

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Detail33

Note 2 - Balance Sheet Details - Summary of Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts payable	$ 575	$ 1,079
Accrued employee benefits	3,195	3,030
Other accrued expenses	1,150	1,395
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 4,920	$ 5,504

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosur34

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosures (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets, Level 1 to Level 2 Transfers, Amount	$ 0	$ 0
Fair Value, Assets, Level 2 to Level 1 Transfers, Amount	0	$ 0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Recurring	$ 0

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosur35

Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosures - Summary of Assets Measured On a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial instruments owned	$ 9,630	$ 8,776
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned	4,590	4,220
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned	5,040	4,556
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Money market funds	2,999	3,028
Financial instruments owned	14,127	11,804
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned	4,590	4,220
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned	6,538	4,556
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Money market funds	2,999	3,028
Financial instruments owned	2,999	3,028
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Money market funds
Financial instruments owned	11,128	8,776
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned	4,590	4,220
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned	6,538	4,556
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Money market funds
Financial instruments owned
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Financial instruments owned

Note 4 - Product Discovery, D36

Note 4 - Product Discovery, Development and Commercialization Collaborations (Details Textual)

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

48 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)

Jul. 31, 2016

May 31, 2014USD ($)

Aug. 31, 2010USD ($)

Jul. 31, 2009

Dec. 31, 2007

Sep. 30, 2016USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2010USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2010USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2013USD ($)

Jul. 31, 2014USD ($)

Nov. 30, 2017USD ($)

Apr. 30, 2013USD ($)

Collaborative Arrangements, Number of Installments for Payment of License Fee

3

Development Revenues

$ 7,789,000

$ 13,797,000

$ 17,838,000

Firmenich [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Number of Consecutive Options to Extend Research Funding Period

3

Collaborative Arrangements, Term under Each Consecutive Options to Extend Research Funding Period

1 year

Collaborative Arrangements, Additional License Fee Payments

$ 5,000,000

Collaborative Arrangements, Payment Received

$ 4,000,000

Collaborative Arrangements, Additional License Fee, Payments Remaining

$ 1,000,000

Collaborative Arrangements, Additional Research Funding

$ 13,000,000

Development Revenues

300,000

3,700,000

6,200,000

PepsiCo Inc. [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Payment Received

$ 1,100,000

Development Revenues

6,400,000

$ 9,300,000

$ 10,000,000

Collaborative Arrangements, Term of Extension Research Programs

3 years

45 days

2 years

Collaborative Arrangements, Aggregate Committed Payments Extension Period

$ 18,000,000

$ 17,600,000

Collaborative Arrangements, Potential Additional Future Payments If All Goals and Milestones Are Achieved

10,500,000

Firmenich Cool [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements Term

3 years

Maximum [Member] | PepsiCo Inc. [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Potential Additional Future Payments If All Goals and Milestones Are Achieved

106,200,000

Minimum [Member] | Firmenich [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements Term

2 years

Development Milestone [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements Milestone Amount

750,000

Commercial Milestone [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements Milestone Amount

$ 1,500,000

Collaborative Arrangements Effective Royalty Rate

4.00%

License Fees, Research and Development Funding and Cost Reimbursements [Member] | Firmenich [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Cumulative Payments Received

$ 58,600,000

Upfront Payment [Member] | PepsiCo Inc. [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Payment Received

$ 30,000,000

$ 22,500,000

$ 7,500,000

Research and Development Funding [Member] | PepsiCo Inc. [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Payment Received

$ 32,000,000

Research and Development Funding [Member] | Firmenich Cool [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Cumulative Payments Received

19,500,000

Upfront Fees Research and Development Funding and Cost Reimbursements [Member] | PepsiCo Inc. [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Cumulative Payments Received

$ 95,700,000

Non-Refundable Cash Payment [Member] | Firmenich Cool [Member]

Collaborative Arrangements, Cumulative Payments Received

$ 10,000,000

Note 5 - Commitments (Details T

Note 5 - Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Operating Leases Rent Increase Percentage Annually	1.00%
Operating Leases, Rent Expense	$ 2,300,000	$ 2,300,000	$ 2,200,000
License Agreement Terms [Member]
Contractual Obligation, Due in Next Fiscal Year	$ 190,000

Note 5 - Commitments - Summary

Note 5 - Commitments - Summary of Estimated Annual Future Minimum Rental Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
2,018	$ 2,870
2,019	2,898
2,020	2,927
2,021	2,956
2,022	2,984
Thereafter	3,560
Total minimum lease payments	$ 18,195

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity39

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)shares
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	7,500,000	7,500,000
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share | $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock Number of Series	1
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0	0
Share Price | $ / shares	$ 1.30
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues | $	$ 1,714	$ 256
Equity Purchase Agreement [Member] | Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC [Member]
Equity Purchase Agreement, Maximum Value of Shares Authorized | $		14,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	2,000,000
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues | $	$ 2,100
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant	2,801,407
Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	18,935,450
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant	2,801,407
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value | $	$ 0	400	$ 1,800
Proceeds from Stock Options Exercised | $	$ 0	$ 600	$ 2,100
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Purchase Rights [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	4 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Granted	457,069
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Shares Purchased for Award	131,152
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period	0	0	0
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Purchase Rights [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent	85.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 0.35
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Purchase Rights [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 0.94
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	4 years
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member] | Ten Percent Stockholder [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Ownership Percentage Trigger	10.00%
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Ten Percent Stockholder [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent	110.00%
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period	10 years
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Ten Percent Stockholder [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period	5 years
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Non Statutory Stock Options [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent	85.00%
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	5,633,096
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent	85.00%
Employee Stock Ownership Plan ESOP Offering Period	2 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Period Within Offering Period	180 days
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Maximum Percentage of Eligible Compensation Authorized to Be Withheld	15.00%
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Employee Stock Purchase Plans	4,273,972
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Weighted Average Purchase Price of Shares Purchased | $ / shares	$ 2.44
Contingent Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity -

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Activity Under the Plan (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Outstanding, shares (in shares) | shares	10,538,693
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.12
Granted, shares (in shares) | shares	1,761,380
Granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.01
Exercised, shares (in shares) | shares
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares
Forfeited or expired, shares (in shares) | shares	(2,174,861)
Forfeited or expired, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.14
Outstanding, shares (in shares) | shares	10,125,212
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.97
Outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	5 years
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $	$ 480
Vested or expected to vest, shares (in shares) | shares	10,125,212
Vested or expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.97
Vested or expected to vest, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	5 years
Vested or expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value | $	$ 480
Exercisable, shares (in shares) | shares	7,830,026
Exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.58
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	3 years 328 days
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $	$ 30

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity41

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Shares of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Common stock options granted and outstanding (in shares)	10,125,212	10,538,693
Total common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	14,285,743
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Total common stock shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	1,359,124
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Common stock options granted and outstanding (in shares)	10,125,212
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant	2,801,407

Note 7 - Income Taxes (Details

Note 7 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance	$ 62,700,000	$ 89,600,000
Deferred Taxes, Remeasurement Amount	28,700,000
Income Tax Examination, Penalties and Interest Expense	0	$ 0	$ 0
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount	(28,700,000)
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	9,900,000
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, Subject to Expiration	3,100,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Research and Development Tax Credit Carry Forwards [Member]
Deferred Tax Assets Tax Credit Carry Forwards Research Subject to Expiration	944,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	116,100,000
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | California Franchise Tax Board [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	99,300,000
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	$ 8,700,000

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Signifi

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Significant Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 28,500,000	$ 41,500,000
Capitalized research and development	16,500,000	27,400,000
Research and development credits	12,500,000	11,500,000
Stock-based compensation	3,600,000	6,900,000
Deferred revenues		100,000
Other, net	1,600,000	2,200,000
Total deferred tax assets	62,700,000	89,600,000
Net deferred tax assets	62,700,000	89,600,000
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	(62,700,000)	(89,600,000)
Net deferred tax assets

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Summary

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Summary of Reconciliation of Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Federal income taxes at 35%	$ (442)	$ (3,740)	$ (4,426)
State income tax, net of Federal benefit	21	(26)	1
Tax effect on non-deductible expenses and credits	2,180	3,054	968
Expiring state net operating losses	8	11	143
Research credits	(153)	(427)	(635)
Uncertain tax positions	38	173	2,038
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	28,732
Excess tax benefit	(3,425)
Rate change	(43)	(639)	6,066
Other	(1)	(123)	(10)
Change in valuation allowance	$ (26,915)	$ 1,717	$ (4,145)

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Summa45

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Summary of Reconciliation of Income Taxes (Details) (Parentheticals)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Federal income tax rate	35.00%	35.00%	35.00%

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Summa46

Note 7 - Income Taxes - Summary of Rollforward of Changes in the Company's Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Balance at beginning of year	$ 8,268	$ 7,447	$ 4,360
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	57	139	195
Additions based on tax positions of prior years		682	2,994
Reductions based on tax positions of prior years			(102)
Balance at end of year	$ 8,325	$ 8,268	$ 7,447

Note 8 - Summary of Quarterly47

Note 8 - Summary of Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) - Summary of the Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues	$ 14,929	$ 5,055	$ 4,870	$ 4,466	$ 4,202	$ 6,020	$ 6,567	$ 6,250	$ 29,320	$ 23,039	$ 24,882
Total operating expenses	7,782	7,246	7,711	7,914	7,888	8,501	8,721	8,688	30,653	33,798	37,572
Net income (loss)	$ 7,173	$ (2,172)	$ (2,828)	$ (3,436)	$ (3,670)	$ (2,461)	$ (2,136)	$ (2,419)	$ (1,263)	$ (10,686)	$ (12,648)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.15	$ (0.05)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.29)