Risk Management Activities | RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES Our activities in the regulated and non-regulated energy sectors expose us to a number of risks in the normal operation of our businesses. Depending on the activity, we are exposed to varying degrees of market risk and credit risk. To manage and mitigate these identified risks, we have adopted the Black Hills Corporation Risk Policies and Procedures as discussed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Market Risk Market risk is the potential loss that might occur as a result of an adverse change in market price or rate. We are exposed to the following market risks including, but not limited to commodity price risk associated with our natural long position in crude oil and natural gas reserves and production, our retail natural gas marketing activities, and our fuel procurement for certain of our gas-fired generation assets. Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk of financial loss resulting from non-performance of contractual obligations by a counterparty. For production and generation activities, we attempt to mitigate our credit exposure by conducting business primarily with high credit quality entities, setting tenor and credit limits commensurate with counterparty financial strength, obtaining master netting agreements, and mitigating credit exposure with less creditworthy counterparties through parental guarantees, prepayments, letters of credit, and other security agreements. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based on payment history and the customer’s current creditworthiness, as determined by review of their current credit information. We maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon historical experience and any specific customer collection issue that is identified. Our derivative and hedging activities recorded in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income are detailed below and in Note 11 . Oil and Gas We produce natural gas, NGLs and crude oil through our exploration and production activities. Our natural long positions, or unhedged open positions, result in commodity price risk and variability to our cash flows. To mitigate commodity price risk and preserve cash flows, we primarily use exchange traded futures, swaps and options to hedge portions of our crude oil and natural gas production. We elect hedge accounting on our futures and swaps. These transactions were designated at inception as cash flow hedges, documented under accounting standards for derivatives and hedging, and initially met prospective effectiveness testing. Effectiveness of our hedging position is evaluated at least quarterly. The derivatives were marked to fair value and were recorded as Derivative assets or Derivative liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of balance sheet offsetting as permitted by GAAP. The effective portion of the gain or loss on these derivatives for which we have elected cash flow hedge accounting is reported in AOCI in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the ineffective portion, if any, is reported in Revenue in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The contract or notional amounts and terms of the crude oil futures and natural gas futures and swaps held at our Oil and Gas segment are composed of short positions. We had the following short positions as of: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2016 Crude Oil Futures Crude Oil Options Natural Gas Futures and Swaps Crude Oil Futures Crude Oil Options Natural Gas Futures and Swaps Crude Oil Futures Natural Gas Futures and Swaps Notional (a) 90,000 27,000 1,890,000 108,000 36,000 2,700,000 159,000 3,447,500 Maximum terms in months (b) 21 9 9 24 12 12 21 21 __________ (a) Crude oil futures and call options in Bbls, natural gas in MMBtus. (b) Term reflects the maximum forward period hedged. Based on March 31, 2017 prices, a $0.3 million gain would be realized, reported in pre-tax earnings and reclassified from AOCI during the next 12 months. Estimated and actual realized gains or losses will change during future periods as market prices fluctuate. Utilities The operations of our utilities, including natural gas sold by our Gas Utilities and natural gas used by our Electric Utilities’ generation plants or those plants under PPAs where our Electric Utilities must provide the generation fuel (tolling agreements), expose our utility customers to volatility in natural gas prices. Therefore, as allowed or required by state utility commissions, we have entered into commission approved hedging programs utilizing natural gas futures, options, fixed to float swaps and basis swaps to reduce our customers’ underlying exposure to these fluctuations. These transactions are considered derivatives, and in accordance with accounting standards for derivatives and hedging, mark-to-market adjustments are recorded as Derivative assets or Derivative liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of balance sheet offsetting as permitted by GAAP. For our regulated utilities’ hedging plans, unrealized and realized gains and losses, as well as option premiums and commissions on these transactions are recorded as Regulatory assets or Regulatory liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in accordance with state commission guidelines. When the related costs are recovered through our rates, the hedging activity is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, or the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. We buy, sell and deliver natural gas at competitive prices by managing commodity price risk. As a result of these activities, this area of our business is exposed to risks associated with changes in the market price of natural gas. We manage our exposure to such risks using over-the-counter and exchange traded options and swaps with counterparties in anticipation of forecasted purchases and/or sales during time frames ranging from April 2017 through May 2019. A portion of our over-the-counter swaps have been designated as cash flow hedges to mitigate the commodity price risk associated with forward contracts to deliver gas to our Choice Gas Program customers. The effective portion of the gain or loss on these designated derivatives is reported in AOCI in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the ineffective portion, if any, is reported in Fuel, purchased power and cost of natural gas sold in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Effectiveness of our hedging position is evaluated at least quarterly. The contract or notional amounts and terms of the natural gas derivative commodity instruments held at our Utilities are composed of both long and short positions. We were in a net long position as of: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2016 Notional (MMBtus) Maximum Term (months) (a) Notional (MMBtus) Maximum Term (months) (a) Notional (MMBtus) Maximum Term (months) (a) Natural gas futures purchased 12,330,000 45 14,770,000 48 18,270,000 57 Natural gas options purchased, net 500,000 21 3,020,000 5 990,000 21 Natural gas basis swaps purchased 11,230,000 45 12,250,000 48 16,810,000 57 Natural gas over-the-counter swaps, net (b) 3,165,952 26 4,622,302 28 1,557,011 23 Natural gas physical contracts, net 3,015,234 12 21,504,378 10 2,135,050 12 __________ (a) Term reflects the maximum forward period hedged. (b) 1,180,000 MMBtus were designated as cash flow hedges for the natural gas fixed for float swaps purchased. Financing Activities In October 2015 and January 2016, we entered into forward starting interest rate swaps with a notional value totaling $400 million to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the anticipated issuance of senior notes. These swaps were settled at a loss of $29 million in connection with the issuance of our $400 million of unsecured ten -year senior notes on August 10, 2016. The effective portion of the loss in the amount of $28 million was recognized as a component of AOCI and will be recognized as a component of interest expense over the ten -year life of the $400 million unsecured senior note issued on August 19, 2016. Amortization of approximately $2.9 million , including the amortization of the $28 million loss currently deferred in AOCI will be recognized, reported in pre-tax earnings and reclassified from AOCI during the next 12 months. The ineffective portion of $1.0 million , related to the timing of the debt issuance, was recognized in earnings as a component of interest expense. The contract or notional amounts, terms of our interest rate swaps and the interest rate swaps balances reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (dollars in thousands) as of: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2016 Designated Designated (a) Designated (b) Designated (b) Designated (a) Notional $ — $ 50,000 $ 150,000 $ 250,000 $ 75,000 Weighted average fixed interest rate — % 4.94 % 2.09 % 2.29 % 4.97 % Maximum terms in months 0 1 13 13 10 Derivative assets, non-current $ — $ — — $ — $ — Derivative liabilities, current $ — $ 90 — $ — $ 2,290 Derivative liabilities, non-current $ — $ — $ 3,785 $ 10,693 $ — __________ (a) The $25 million in swaps expired in October 2016 and the $50 million in swaps expired in January 2017. These swaps were designated to borrowings on our Revolving Credit Facility and were priced using three-month LIBOR, matching the floating portion of the related borrowings . (b) These swaps were settled and terminated in August 2016 in conjunction with the refinancing of acquired SourceGas debt. Cash Flow Hedges The impacts of cash flow hedges on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income is presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands). Note that this presentation does not reflect the expected gains or losses arising from the underlying physical transactions; therefore, it is not indicative of the economic gross profit we realized when the underlying physical and financial transactions were settled. Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Location of Reclassifications from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Settlements) Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) Interest rate swaps Interest expense $ (712 ) Interest expense $ — Commodity derivatives Revenue 229 Revenue — Commodity derivatives Fuel, purchased power and cost of natural gas sold 58 Fuel, purchased power and cost of natural gas sold — Total $ (425 ) $ — Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Location of Reclassifications from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Settlements) Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) Interest rate swaps Interest expense $ 1,709 Interest expense $ — Commodity derivatives Revenue 3,592 Revenue $ — Commodity derivatives Fuel, purchased power and cost of natural gas sold 57 Fuel, purchased power and cost of natural gas sold — Total $ 5,358 $ — The following table summarizes the gains and losses arising from hedging transactions that were recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31 , 2017 and 2016 . The amounts included in the table below exclude gains and losses arising from ineffectiveness because these amounts are immediately recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income as incurred. Three Months Ended 2017 2016 (In thousands) Increase (decrease) in fair value: Interest rate swaps $ 90 $ (15,047 ) Forward commodity contracts 926 1,827 Recognition of (gains) losses in earnings due to settlements: Interest rate swaps 712 (1,709 ) Forward commodity contracts (287 ) (3,649 ) Total other comprehensive income (loss) from hedging $ 1,441 $ (18,578 ) Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments The following table summarizes the impacts of derivative instruments not designated as hedge instruments on our Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31 , 2017 and 2016 (in thousands). Note that this presentation does not reflect the expected gains or losses arising from the underlying physical transactions; therefore, it is not indicative of the economic gross profit we realized when the underlying physical and financial transactions were settled. Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 2016 Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Location of Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives Recognized in Income Amount of Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives Recognized in Income Amount of Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives Recognized in Income Commodity derivatives Revenue $ 117 $ — Commodity derivatives Fuel, purchased power and cost of natural gas sold (809 ) 634 $ (692 ) $ 634 As discussed above, financial instruments used in our regulated utilities are not designated as cash flow hedges. However, there is no earnings impact because the unrealized gains and losses arising from the use of these financial instruments are recorded as Regulatory assets. The net unrealized losses included in our Regulatory assets related to the hedges in our Utilities were $12 million , $8.8 million and $20 million at March 31, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2016 , respectively. |