Financial Instruments | 10 . Financial Instruments Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Inputs used to measure fair value are classified in the following hierarchy: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or inactive quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; Level 3 Unobservable inputs reflecting assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability. We endeavor to utilize the best available informa tion to measure fair value. The carrying value of Cash and cash equivalents, Short-term investments and Restricted cash is based on cost, which approximates fair value. Long-term investments consist of debt securities for which we have both the ability a nd the intent to hold until maturity. These investments are classified as held-to-maturity and reported at amortized cost. The fair value of our Long-term investments is based on a discounted cash flow analysis using the contractual cash flows of the inv estments and a discount rate derived from unadjusted quoted interest rates for debt securities of comparable risk. Such debt securities represent investments in Pass-Through Trust Certificates (“PTCs”) related to enhanced equipment trust certificates (“EE TCs”) issued by Atlas in 1998, 1999 and 2000. The fair value of our term loans, notes guaranteed by the Export-Import Bank of the United States (“Ex-Im Bank”) and EETCs are based on a discounted cash flow analysis using current borrowing rates for instruments with similar terms. The fair value of our Convertible Notes is based on unadjusted quoted market prices for these securities. The fair value of the Amazon Warrant is based on a Monte Carlo simulation which requires inputs such as our common stock price, strike price, estimated stock price volatility, and risk-free interest rate, among other assumptions . The following table summarizes the carrying value , estimated fair value and classification of our financial instruments as of: June 30, 2016 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 155,247 $ 155,247 $ 155,247 $ - $ - Short-term investments 1,983 1,983 - - 1,983 Restricted cash 13,098 13,098 13,098 - - Long-term investments and accrued interest 33,857 40,389 - - 40,389 $ 204,185 $ 210,717 $ 168,345 $ - $ 42,372 Liabilities Term loans $ 1,050,880 $ 1,093,669 $ - $ - $ 1,093,669 Ex-Im Bank guaranteed notes 653,580 696,160 - - 696,160 EETCs 24,105 28,526 - - 28,526 Convertible Notes 173,794 216,081 216,081 - - Amazon Warrant 66,413 66,413 - 66,413 - $ 1,968,772 $ 2,100,849 $ 216,081 $ 66,413 $ 1,818,355 December 31, 2015 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 425,950 $ 425,950 $ 425,950 $ - $ - Short-term investments 5,098 5,098 - - 5,098 Restricted cash 12,981 12,981 12,981 - - Long-term investments and accrued interest 37,604 45,867 - - 45,867 $ 481,633 $ 489,896 $ 438,931 $ - $ 50,965 Liabilities Term loans $ 1,013,265 $ 1,049,785 $ - $ - $ 1,049,785 Ex-Im Bank guaranteed notes 689,720 715,890 - - 715,890 EETCs 28,022 30,074 - - 30,074 Convertible Notes 170,300 185,325 185,325 - - $ 1,901,307 $ 1,981,074 $ 185,325 $ - $ 1,795,749 The following table presents the carrying value, gross unrealized gain (loss) and fair value of our long-term investments and accrued interest by contractual maturity as of : June 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss) Fair Value Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss) Fair Value Debt securities Due after one but within five years 33,857 6,532 40,389 37,604 8,263 45,867 Total $ 33,857 $ 6,532 $ 40,389 $ 37,604 $ 8,263 $ 45,867 |