There has been no change with respect to our contacts with Syria or Sudan since our January 5, 2016 letter to the Commission. With respect to all services other than dry leasing, the Company’s flights, including all ACMI, CMI and charter services are under the exclusive control of the Company and its crew members at all times. The Company does not provide ACMI, CMI, air cargo or charter services, including any such services provided for the benefit of DHL Express, in Syria or Sudan. The Company’s aircraft have not, and will not, fly to either Syria or Sudan, except to the extent permitted by applicable governmental sanctions.
Except with respect to the overflight payments in Syria and Sudan discussed below, the Company has no direct contacts, past, current, or anticipated with Syria or Sudan. Furthermore, the Company does not provide products, components, technology or services to Syria or Sudan, and the Company has no agreements, commercial arrangements, or other contracts with the government of Syria or Sudan, or the entities they control. However, certain Sudan-related sanctions were removed by Executive Order in 2017. Sudan overflight payments and certain other transactions involving Sudan are now permissible without an OFAC license.
As permitted by U.S. law and sanctions policy, the Company’s aircraft fly through airspace controlled by Sudan on flights between Africa and the Middle East. As a result, the Company arranges for permits and makes indirect, minimal immaterial overflight payments to Sudan through United Aviation Services, a third-party based in Houston, Texas. Due to U.S. government restrictions, the Company’s aircraft do not currently fly through airspace controlled by Syria. Prior to the implementation of these restrictions, however, the Company’s aircraft also flew through airspace controlled by Syria and made indirect, immaterial overflight payments to Syria through United Aviation Services. Overflight payments made by the Company to Sudan (through United Aviation Services) were immaterial and totaled $115,007 in 2015, $58,937 in 2016, $36,605 in 2017 and $3,029 in 2018 (through August 31).
In addition to providing ACMI, CMI, air cargo and charter services, the Company enters into contracts for the dry leasing of aircraft and engines. None of the Company’s dry lease arrangements are with the government of Syria or Sudan, or the entities they control. The Company does not control the aircraft dry leased to its customers. Any possible indirect contacts with Syria or Sudan would be through the potential use of an aircraft or engine leased from the Company on routes to or from Syria or Sudan. The Company is not aware of any such use of the Company’s aircraft and engines. Further, the Company’s dry lease agreements generally contain language (1) prohibiting the lessee from using or operating the aircraft in violation of any law applicable to the parties to the lease agreement and/or (2) prohibiting the lessee from causing the aircraft to be flown or transported to any country to which the export and/or use of the aircraft is not permitted under the laws applicable to the parties to the lease agreement.
Titan currently dry leases three Boeing 777 freighter aircraft to FedEx Express (“FedEx”) and one Boeing 777 freighter aircraft to Emirates Sky Cargo. Consistent with the prohibitions described above, the lease with FedEx prohibits the lessee (FedEx) from (1) operating the aircraft to or from any country which is the subject of embargo under any United Nations Security Council directive or (2) permitting the aircraft to proceed to, or remain at, any location that is the subject of a flying prohibition order (or other embargo) as a direct result of which the lessee is prevented from lawfully operating the aircraft in, to or from such country by any governmental entity of the United States. Similarly, the lease agreement with Emirates Sky Cargo prohibits the lessee (Emirates Sky Cargo) from operating the aircraft in violation of any law, any sanctions or prohibitions issued by the United Nations, the European Union or the United States, including, without limitation, any United States export and re-export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws and regulations, applicable to the lessor or the lessee of the aircraft.
As described above, the Company has no known contacts, past, current, or anticipated contacts with Syria or Sudan, other than with respect to indirect, immaterial overflight payments. Such overflights are common and ordinary course in the aviation industry and are permissible under U.S. law and sanctions policy. The Company does not believe these overflight payments are harmful to the Company’s reputation or share value. Furthermore, the Company does not believe such overflight payments would be viewed negatively by investors or would be a factor that a reasonable investor would deem important in making an investment decision in respect of the Company’s securities.
Lastly, the Company does not maintain a branch office in Syria or Sudan. It does not have assets or employees in either country nor has it generated any revenues in either locale over the last three fiscal years and the
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