Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation |
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We consolidate all wholly-owned subsidiaries, controlled joint ventures and variable interest entities where the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in, but are not limited to, determining the following: allowance for doubtful accounts, recoverability of long-lived assets and intangibles, useful lives used in depreciation and amortization, income taxes and stock-based compensation. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits in several financial institutions, which may at times exceed amounts covered by insurance provided by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Company has not experienced any losses related to amounts in excess of FDIC limits. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition |
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Amounts billed for sales and use taxes, value-added taxes, and certain excise and other specific transactional taxes imposed on revenue producing transactions are presented on a net basis and excluded from sales in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company records a liability until remitted to the respective taxing authority. All revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured as follows: |
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Well Stimulation Revenue |
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The Company provides well stimulation services based on contractual arrangements, such as term contracts and pricing agreements, or on a spot market basis. Revenue will be recognized and customers will be invoiced upon the completion of each job, which can consist of one or more stimulation stages. |
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Under term pricing agreement arrangements, customers commit to targeted utilization levels at agreed-upon pricing, but without termination penalties or obligations to pay for services not used by the customer. In addition, the agreed-upon pricing is typically subject to periodic review. |
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Spot market basis arrangements are based on an agreed-upon hourly spot market rate. The Company also charges fees for setup and mobilization of equipment depending on the job, additional equipment used on the job, if any, and materials that are consumed during the well stimulation process. Generally, these fees and other charges vary depending on the equipment and personnel required for the job and market conditions in the region in which the services are performed. |
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The Company also generates revenues from chemicals and proppants that are consumed while performing well stimulation services. |
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Coiled Tubing Revenue |
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The Company began providing coiled tubing and other well stimulation services in early 2015. Jobs for these services are typically short term in nature, lasting anywhere from a few hours to multiple days. Revenue is recognized upon completion of each day’s work based upon a completed field ticket. The Company charges the customer for mobilization, services performed, and personnel on the job, equipment used on the job, and miscellaneous consumables based on an hourly basis at agreed-upon spot market rates. |
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Field Management Revenue |
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The Company enters into arrangements to provide field management services. Field management revenue relates primarily to geophysical predictions and production monitoring, utilizing down-hole diagnostics tools. Revenue is recognized and customers are invoiced upon the completion of each job. The service invoices are for a set amount, which includes charges for the mobilization of the equipment to the location, the service performed, the personnel on the job, additional equipment used on the job, consumables used throughout the course of the service, and processing and interpretation of data acquired via down-hole diagnostic tools. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, capital lease obligations and notes payable. The recorded values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair values based on their short-term nature. The carrying value of capital lease obligations and notes payable approximate their fair value, and the interest rates approximate market rates. |
Functional and Presentation Currency | Functional and Presentation Currency |
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Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The functional currency for the Norwegian and Argentine subsidiaries is the US Dollar. The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company’s presentation currency. |
Marketable Securities | Marketable Securities |
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Investments in marketable securities are classified as trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Our marketable equity investments are classified as trading with their cost basis is determined by the specific identification method. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in net income. |
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During the third and fourth quarters, the Company purchased and sold Argentine bonds to capitalize its subsidiary in Argentina. This resulted in a gain on the sale of trading securities of $4,361,448 for the year ended December 31, 2014. This increase was primarily due to the Company taking advantage of the favorable spread in exchange rates between the US Dollar and Argentine Peso. |
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At December 31, 2014 the company held $1,360,767 in Argentina bonds, composed of 1,024,000 AA17- Argentina Bond 2017, with a maturity date of 4/17/2017, and coupon rate of 7% fixed. The amortized cost of the bonds were $998,400 with an unrealized gain at December 31, 2014 of $362,367. The bonds were sold on January 5, 2015 for $1,314,964. |
Net Loss per Common Share | Net Loss per Common Share |
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For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the weighted average shares outstanding excluded certain stock options and potential shares from convertible debt of 4,004,214 and 378,843, respectively, from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because these shares would be anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive warrants of 100,000 and 0 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were also excluded from the calculation. |
Reclassifications | Reclassifications |
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Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. |
Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable |
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Accounts receivable are stated at amounts management expects to collect from outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance based on its assessment of the current status of individual accounts. Balances still outstanding after management has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. There was no reserve for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2014. |
Inventory | Inventory |
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Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market (net realizable value) on an average basis and appropriate consideration is given to deterioration, obsolescence and other factors in evaluating net realizable value. |
Property, Plant and Equipment | Property, Plant and Equipment |
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Property, Plant and Equipment (“PPE”) is stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. |
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Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets for financial reporting purposes. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives are capitalized. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost of assets sold or abandoned and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gains or losses are reflected in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations of the respective period. |
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The estimated useful lives of our major classes of property, plant and equipment are as follows: |
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Major Classes of PPE | | Estimated Useful Lives |
Machinery and equipment | | 2-7 years |
Vehicles | | 5 years |
Leasehold improvements | | 5 years (or the life of the lease) |
Furniture and office equipment | | 3-5 years |
Leases | Leases |
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The Company leases certain equipment under lease agreements. The Company evaluates each lease to determine its appropriate classification as an operating or capital lease for financial reporting purposes. Any lease that does not meet the criteria for a capital lease is accounted for as an operating lease. The assets and liabilities under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the related assets. Assets under capital leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the initial lease term. Amortization of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation |
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The Company accounts for its stock options, warrants, and restricted stock grants under the fair value recognition provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718. The Company currently uses the straight-line amortization method for recognizing stock option and restricted stock compensation costs. The measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees, directors or outside service providers are based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant dates. The grant date fair value is estimated using either an option-pricing model which is consistent with the terms of the award or a market observed price, if such a price exists. Such cost is recognized over the period during which an employee, director or outside service provider is required to provide service in exchange for the award, i.e., “the requisite service period” (which is usually the vesting period). The Company also estimates the number of instruments that will ultimately be earned, rather than accounting for forfeitures as they occur. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
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The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment when changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. ASC Topic 360 requires the Company to review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes a comparison of future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets with their associated carrying value. If the carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds expected cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the fair value. If estimated future cash flows are not achieved with respect to long-lived assets, additional write-downs may be required. |
Concentration | Concentration |
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Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes |
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Deferred income taxes are determined using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income taxes are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which such temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations of the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, a valuation allowance is established to reduce any deferred tax asset for which it is determined that it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. |
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The Company is subject to U.S. federal and foreign income taxes along with state income taxes in Texas. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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The recent accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. |
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In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance on disclosures of uncertainties about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The guidance requires our evaluation of whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. This assessment must be made in connection with preparing financial statements for each annual and interim reporting period. Our evaluation should be based on the relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date the financial statements are issued. If conditions or events raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, but this doubt is alleviated by our plans, we should disclose information that enables the reader to understand what the conditions or events are, our evaluation of those conditions or events and our plans that alleviate that substantial doubt. If conditions or events raise substantial doubt and the substantial doubt is not alleviated, we must disclose this in the footnotes. We must also disclose information that enables the reader to understand those conditions or events, our evaluation of those conditions or events, and our plans to alleviate the substantial doubt. The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on our financial statements or financial statement disclosures. |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires us to recognize the amount of revenue to which we expect to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We have not yet selected a transition method nor has the effect of the standard on our ongoing financial reporting been determined. |