Investments | INVESTMENTS Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities The following tables provide information relating to fixed maturities and equity securities (excluding investments classified as trading) as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(4) (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 14,992 $ 3,544 $ 19 $ 18,517 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 8,089 747 41 8,795 0 Foreign government bonds 71,849 12,011 147 83,713 1 U.S. corporate public securities 70,979 6,344 1,955 75,368 (3 ) U.S. corporate private securities(1) 28,525 2,278 359 30,444 0 Foreign corporate public securities 26,354 2,821 621 28,554 0 Foreign corporate private securities 19,393 739 994 19,138 0 Asset-backed securities(2) 10,121 226 121 10,226 (452 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 10,337 195 70 10,462 (1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 4,777 335 6 5,106 (4 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 265,416 $ 29,240 $ 4,333 $ 290,323 $ (459 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 6,847 $ 2,570 $ 143 $ 9,274 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity Foreign government bonds $ 816 $ 196 $ 0 $ 1,012 Foreign corporate public securities 625 62 0 687 Foreign corporate private securities(5) 78 4 0 82 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 33 1 0 34 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 756 53 0 809 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5) $ 2,308 $ 316 $ 0 $ 2,624 __________ (1) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $1,050 million (fair value, $1,039 million ) which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (3) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (4) Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI, which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $693 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities and less than $1 million of net unrealized gains on impaired held-to-maturity securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. (5) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $3,850 million (fair value, $4,081 million ) which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. December 31, 2014(6) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(4) (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 15,807 $ 4,321 $ 5 $ 20,123 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 5,720 814 3 6,531 0 Foreign government bonds 69,894 11,164 117 80,941 (1 ) U.S. corporate public securities 70,960 9,642 536 80,066 (6 ) U.S. corporate private securities(1) 27,767 3,082 89 30,760 0 Foreign corporate public securities 27,515 3,768 214 31,069 0 Foreign corporate private securities 17,389 1,307 215 18,481 0 Asset-backed securities(2) 10,966 353 134 11,185 (592 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 13,486 430 39 13,877 (1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 5,612 448 3 6,057 (5 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 265,116 $ 35,329 $ 1,355 $ 299,090 $ (605 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 6,921 $ 3,023 $ 83 $ 9,861 December 31, 2014(6) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity Foreign government bonds $ 821 $ 184 $ 0 $ 1,005 Foreign corporate public securities 635 64 1 698 Foreign corporate private securities(5) 78 4 0 82 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 78 7 0 85 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 963 69 0 1,032 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5) $ 2,575 $ 328 $ 1 $ 2,902 __________ (1) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $385 million (fair value, $385 million ) which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans, and other asset types. (3) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (4) Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI, which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $954 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities and $1 million of net unrealized gains on impaired held-to-maturity securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. (5) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $3,588 million (fair value, $3,953 million ) which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (6) Prior period amounts are presented on a basis consistent with the current period presentation. The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities at December 31, 2015 , are as follows: December 31, 2015 Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Due in one year or less $ 8,599 $ 9,200 $ 0 $ 0 Due after one year through five years 46,088 50,303 73 78 Due after five years through ten years 57,566 62,024 437 485 Due after ten years(1) 127,928 143,002 1,009 1,218 Asset-backed securities 10,121 10,226 0 0 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 10,337 10,462 33 34 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,777 5,106 756 809 Total $ 265,416 $ 290,323 $ 2,308 $ 2,624 __________ (1) Excludes available-for-sale notes with amortized cost of $1,050 million (fair value, $1,039 million ) and held-to-maturity notes with amortized cost of $3,850 million (fair value, $4,081 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed, and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they are not due at a single maturity date. The following table depicts the sources of fixed maturity proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on impairments of both fixed maturities and equity securities: 2015 2014 2013 (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale Proceeds from sales $ 27,679 $ 28,359 $ 37,248 Proceeds from maturities/repayments 19,559 21,040 23,573 Gross investment gains from sales, prepayments, and maturities 2,115 1,664 1,571 Gross investment losses from sales and maturities (340 ) (414 ) (1,465 ) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity Gross investment gains from prepayments $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Proceeds from maturities/repayments 235 415 583 Equity securities, available-for-sale Proceeds from sales $ 4,589 $ 4,993 $ 4,235 Gross investment gains from sales 746 676 554 Gross investment losses from sales (169 ) (132 ) (94 ) Fixed maturity and equity security impairments Net writedowns for other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturities recognized in earnings(1) $ (141 ) $ (56 ) $ (200 ) Writedowns for impairments on equity securities (126 ) (32 ) (15 ) __________ (1) Excludes the portion of OTTI recorded in “Other comprehensive income (loss),” representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of impairment. As discussed in Note 2, a portion of certain OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities is recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. For these securities, the net amount recognized in earnings (“credit loss impairments”) represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any remaining difference between the fair value and amortized cost is recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. The following table sets forth the amount of pre-tax credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company as of the dates indicated, for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”, and the corresponding changes in such amounts: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 (in millions) Balance, beginning of period $ 781 $ 968 Credit loss impairments previously recognized on securities which matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period (243 ) (230 ) Credit loss impairments previously recognized on securities impaired to fair value during the period(1) (20 ) (6 ) Credit loss impairments recognized in the current period on securities not previously impaired 3 16 Additional credit loss impairments recognized in the current period on securities previously impaired 3 6 Increases due to the passage of time on previously recorded credit losses 20 42 Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized due to an increase in cash flows expected to be collected (12 ) (15 ) Balance, end of period $ 532 $ 781 __________ (1) Represents circumstances where the Company determined in the current period that it intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s amortized cost. Trading Account Assets Supporting Insurance Liabilities The following table sets forth the composition of “Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Short-term investments and cash equivalents $ 765 $ 765 $ 196 $ 196 Fixed maturities: Corporate securities 12,797 12,851 11,922 12,439 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,860 1,862 2,505 2,546 Residential mortgage-backed securities(1) 1,411 1,428 1,640 1,676 Asset-backed securities(2) 1,295 1,299 1,180 1,198 Foreign government bonds 680 694 621 650 U.S. government authorities and agencies and obligations of U.S. states 326 369 303 372 Total fixed maturities 18,369 18,503 18,171 18,881 Equity securities 1,030 1,254 896 1,186 Total trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities $ 20,164 $ 20,522 $ 19,263 $ 20,263 __________ (1) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $(642) million , $144 million and $(485) million during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Other Trading Account Assets The following table sets forth the composition of the “Other trading account assets” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Short-term investments and cash equivalents $ 26 $ 26 $ 27 $ 27 Fixed maturities 11,132 10,764 8,306 8,282 Equity securities 1,006 1,098 992 1,105 Other 12 15 7 11 Subtotal $ 12,176 11,903 $ 9,332 9,425 Derivative instruments 2,555 1,449 Total other trading account assets $ 14,458 $ 10,874 The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from other trading account assets, excluding derivative instruments, still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $(366) million , $(108) million and $188 million during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively. Concentrations of Financial Instruments The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio which limits exposure to any one issuer. As of both December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk of single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included securities of the U.S. government, certain U.S. government agencies and certain securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, as well as the securities disclosed below. December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Investments in Japanese government and government agency securities: Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 53,851 $ 61,911 $ 52,703 $ 60,379 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity 796 988 801 981 Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities 492 502 457 470 Other trading account assets 33 33 36 36 Short-term investments 0 0 0 0 Cash equivalents 0 0 0 0 Total $ 55,172 $ 63,434 $ 53,997 $ 61,866 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Investments in South Korean government and government agency securities: Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 7,191 $ 9,233 $ 6,927 $ 8,438 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity 0 0 0 0 Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities 44 44 49 50 Other trading account assets 0 0 0 0 Short-term investments 0 0 0 0 Cash equivalents 0 0 0 0 Total $ 7,235 $ 9,277 $ 6,976 $ 8,488 Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans The Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans are comprised as follows, as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amount (in millions) % of Total Amount (in millions) % of Total Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type: Office $ 11,226 22.9 % $ 9,612 21.5 % Retail 8,917 18.2 8,765 19.6 Apartments/Multi-Family 12,034 24.5 10,369 23.2 Industrial 7,775 15.9 7,628 16.9 Hospitality 2,513 5.1 2,270 5.1 Other 3,722 7.6 3,659 8.2 Total commercial mortgage loans 46,187 94.2 42,303 94.5 Agricultural property loans 2,859 5.8 2,445 5.5 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 49,046 100.0 % 44,748 100.0 % Valuation allowance (99 ) (105 ) Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 48,947 44,643 Other loans: Uncollateralized loans 1,012 1,092 Residential property loans 301 392 Other collateralized loans 312 319 Total other loans 1,625 1,803 Valuation allowance (13 ) (14 ) Total net other loans 1,612 1,789 Total commercial mortgage and other loans(1) $ 50,559 $ 46,432 __________ (1) Includes loans held at fair value. The commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans are geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in California ( 26% ), New York ( 9% ) and Texas ( 9% )), and include loans secured by properties in Europe ( 4% ) and Asia ( 1% ) at December 31, 2015 . Activity in the allowance for credit losses for all commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated, is as follows: December 31, 2015 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of year $ 104 $ 1 $ 5 $ 0 $ 9 $ 119 Addition to (release of) allowance of losses (7 ) 1 (2 ) 0 1 (7 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 0 Change in foreign exchange 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 97 $ 2 $ 3 $ 0 $ 10 $ 112 December 31, 2014 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of year $ 188 $ 7 $ 6 $ 3 $ 12 $ 216 Addition to (release of) allowance of losses (77 ) (6 ) (1 ) (1 ) (2 ) (87 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (7 ) 0 0 (2 ) 0 (9 ) Change in foreign exchange 0 0 0 0 (1 ) (1 ) Total ending balance $ 104 $ 1 $ 5 $ 0 $ 9 $ 119 The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in commercial mortgage and other loans as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2015 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for Credit Losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1 Collectively evaluated for impairment 96 2 3 0 10 111 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 97 $ 2 $ 3 $ 0 $ 10 $ 112 Recorded Investment(1): Gross of reserves: individually evaluated for impairment $ 111 $ 8 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2 $ 121 Gross of reserves: collectively evaluated for impairment 46,076 2,851 301 312 1,010 50,550 Gross of reserves: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance, gross of reserves $ 46,187 $ 2,859 $ 301 $ 312 $ 1,012 $ 50,671 __________ (1) Recorded investment reflects the balance sheet carrying value gross of related allowance. December 31, 2014(1) Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for Credit Losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 8 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8 Collectively evaluated for impairment 96 1 5 0 9 111 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 104 $ 1 $ 5 $ 0 $ 9 $ 119 Recorded Investment(2): Gross of reserves: individually evaluated for impairment $ 247 $ 4 $ 0 $ 1 $ 2 $ 254 Gross of reserves: collectively evaluated for impairment 42,056 2,441 392 318 1,090 46,297 Gross of reserves: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance, gross of reserves $ 42,303 $ 2,445 $ 392 $ 319 $ 1,092 $ 46,551 __________ (1) Prior period amounts are presented on a basis consistent with current period presentation. (2) Recorded investment reflects the balance sheet carrying value gross of related allowance. Impaired loans include those loans for which it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired commercial mortgage and other loans identified in management’s specific review of probable loan losses and the related allowance for losses, as of the dates indicated, are as follows: December 31, 2015 Recorded Investment(1) Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Before Allowance(2) Interest Income Recognized(3) (in millions) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial mortgage loans $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Agricultural property loans 0 0 0 2 0 Residential property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Other collateralized loans 0 0 0 0 0 Uncollateralized loans 0 1 0 0 0 Total with no related allowance $ 0 $ 1 $ 0 $ 2 $ 0 With an allowance recorded: Commercial mortgage loans $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ 52 $ 3 Agricultural property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Residential property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Other collateralized loans 0 0 0 0 0 Uncollateralized loans 0 0 0 0 0 Total with related allowance $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ 52 $ 3 Total: Commercial mortgage loans $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ 52 $ 3 Agricultural property loans 0 0 0 2 0 Residential property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Other collateralized loans 0 0 0 0 0 Uncollateralized loans 0 1 0 0 0 Total $ 1 $ 2 $ 1 $ 54 $ 3 __________ (1) Recorded investment reflects the balance sheet carrying value gross of related allowance. (2) Average recorded investment represents the average of the beginning-of-period and all subsequent quarterly end-of-period balances. (3) The interest income recognized is for the year-to-date income regardless of when the impairment occurred. December 31, 2014 Recorded Investment(1) Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Before Allowance(2) Interest Income Recognized(3) (in millions) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial mortgage loans $ 8 $ 8 $ 0 $ 16 $ 1 Agricultural property loans 4 4 0 4 0 Residential property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Other collateralized loans 0 0 0 0 0 Uncollateralized loans 0 1 0 0 0 Total with no related allowance $ 12 $ 13 $ 0 $ 20 $ 1 With an allowance recorded: Commercial mortgage loans $ 76 $ 76 $ 8 $ 82 $ 6 Agricultural property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Residential property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Other collateralized loans 0 0 0 3 1 Uncollateralized loans 0 0 0 0 0 Total with related allowance $ 76 $ 76 $ 8 $ 85 $ 7 Total: Commercial mortgage loans $ 84 $ 84 $ 8 $ 98 $ 7 Agricultural property loans 4 4 0 4 0 Residential property loans 0 0 0 0 0 Other collateralized loans 0 0 0 3 1 Uncollateralized loans 0 1 0 0 0 Total $ 88 $ 89 $ 8 $ 105 $ 8 __________ (1) Recorded investment reflects the balance sheet carrying value gross of related allowance. (2) Average recorded investment represents the average of the beginning-of-period and all subsequent quarterly end-of-period balances. (3) The interest income recognized is for the year-to-date income regardless of when the impairments occurred. The net carrying value of commercial and other loans held for sale by the Company as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , was $274 million and $380 million , respectively. For all of these loans, the Company pre-arranges that it will sell the loan to an investor. As of both December 31, 2015 and 2014 , all of the Company’s commercial and other loans held for sale were collateralized, with collateral primarily consisting of apartment complexes. The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators as of December 31, 2015 , based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2015 Greater than 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 25,978 $ 515 $ 207 $ 26,700 60%-69.99% 12,191 395 234 12,820 70%-79.99% 5,668 500 97 6,265 Greater than 80% 119 151 132 402 Total commercial mortgage loans $ 43,956 $ 1,561 $ 670 $ 46,187 Agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2015 Greater than 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 2,587 $ 84 $ 3 $ 2,674 60%-69.99% 185 0 0 185 70%-79.99% 0 0 0 0 Greater than 80% 0 0 0 0 Total agricultural property loans $ 2,772 $ 84 $ 3 $ 2,859 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2015 Greater than 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 28,565 $ 599 $ 210 $ 29,374 60%-69.99% 12,376 395 234 13,005 70%-79.99% 5,668 500 97 6,265 Greater than 80% 119 151 132 402 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 46,728 $ 1,645 $ 673 $ 49,046 The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators as of December 31, 2014 , based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2014 Greater than 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 22,557 $ 637 $ 207 $ 23,401 60%-69.99% 12,563 500 237 13,300 70%-79.99% 4,354 664 21 5,039 Greater than 80% 234 127 202 563 Total commercial mortgage loans $ 39,708 $ 1,928 $ 667 $ 42,303 Agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2014 Greater than 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 2,152 $ 140 $ 2 $ 2,294 60%-69.99% 151 0 0 151 70%-79.99% 0 0 0 0 Greater than 80% 0 0 0 0 Total agricultural property loans $ 2,303 $ 140 $ 2 $ 2,445 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2014 Greater than 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 24,709 $ 777 $ 209 $ 25,695 60%-69.99% 12,714 500 237 13,451 70%-79.99% 4,354 664 21 5,039 Greater than 80% 234 127 202 563 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 42,011 $ 2,068 $ 669 $ 44,748 The following tables provide an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans as of the dates indicated, based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage loans on nonaccrual status as of the dates indicated. December 31, 2015 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days - Accruing Greater Than 90 Days - Not Accruing Total Past Due Total Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans Non- Accrual Status (in millions) Commercial mortgage loans $ 46,187 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 46,187 $ 53 Agricultural property loans 2,856 2 0 0 1 3 2,859 1 Residential property loans 288 7 0 0 6 13 301 6 Other collateralized loans 312 0 0 0 0 0 312 0 Uncollateralized loans 1,012 0 0 0 0 0 1,012 0 Total $ 50,655 $ 9 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7 $ 16 $ 50,671 $ 60 December 31, 2014 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days - Accruing Greater Than 90 Days - Not Accruing Total Past Due Total Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans Non- Accrual Status (in millions) Commercial mortgage loans $ 42,239 $ 62 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2 $ 64 $ 42,303 $ 101 Agricultural property loans 2,443 0 1 0 1 2 2,445 1 Residential property loans 375 7 2 0 8 17 392 8 Other collateralized loans 319 0 0 0 0 0 319 0 Uncollateralized loans 1,092 0 0 0 0 0 1,092 0 Total $ 46,468 $ 69 $ 3 $ 0 $ 11 $ 83 $ 46,551 $ 110 See Note 2 for further discussion regarding nonaccrual status loans. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 , there were $214 million and $0 million , respectively, of commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 , there were $18 million and $25 million of commercial mortgage and other loans sold, other than those classified as held-for-sale. The Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans may occasionally be involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of both December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the Company had no significant commitments to borrowers that have been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of both December 31, 2015 and 2014 , there were no new troubled debt restructurings related to commercial mortgage and other loans, and no payment defaults on commercial mortgage and other loans that were modified as a troubled debt restructuring within the 12 months preceding. See Note 2 for additional information relating to the accounting for troubled debt restructurings. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 , there were $22 million and $0 million , respectively, of private debt commitments to borrowers that have been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of both December 31, 2015 and 2014 , the Company did not have any foreclosed residential real estate property. Other Long-Term Investments The following table sets forth the composition of “Other long-term investments” at December 31 for the years indicated. 2015 2014 (in millions) Joint ventures and limited partnerships: Non-real estate-related $ 6,447 $ 6,527 Real estate-related 1,085 1,018 Total joint ventures and limited partnerships 7,532 7,545 Real estate held through direct ownership 1,464 2,235 Other 990 1,141 Total other long-term investments $ 9,986 $ 10,921 In certain investment structures, the Company’s asset management business invests with other co-investors in an investment fund referred to as a feeder fund. In these structures, the invested capital of several feeder funds is pooled together and used to purchase ownership interests in another fund, referred to as a master fund. The master fund utilizes this invested capital and, in certain cases, other debt financing, to purchase various classes of assets on behalf of its investors. Specialized industry accounting for investment companies calls for the feeder fund to reflect its investment in the master fund as a single net asset equal to its proportionate share of the net assets of the master fund, regardless of its level of interest in the master fund. In cases where the Company consolidates the feeder fund, it retains the feeder fund’s net asset presentation and reports the consolidated feeder fund’s proportionate share of the net assets of the master fund in “Other long-term investments,” with any unaffiliated investors’ noncontrolling interest in the feeder fund reported in “Other liabilities” or “Noncontrolling interests.” The consolidated feeder funds’ investments in these master funds, reflected on this net asset basis, totaled $81 million and $82 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively. There was no unaffiliated interest in the consolidated feeder funds as of both December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and the master funds had gross assets of $17,508 million and $12,666 million , respectively, and gross liabilities of $16,920 million and $11,979 million , respectively, which are not included on the Company’s balance sheet. Equity Method Investments The following tables set forth summarized combined financial information for significant joint ventures and limited partnership interests accounted for under the equity method, including the Company’s investments in operating joint ventures that are described in more detail in Note 7. Changes between periods in the tables below reflect changes in the activities within the joint ventures and limited partnerships, as well as changes in the Company’s level of investment in such entities. At December 31, 2015 2014 (in millions) STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION Total assets(1) $ 53,799 $ 50,602 Total liabilities(2) $ 13,610 $ 13,152 Partners’ capital 40,189 37,450 Total liabilities and partners’ capital $ 53,799 $ 50,602 Total liabilities and partners’ capital included above $ 4,398 $ 4,599 Equity in limited partnership interests not included above 142 42 Carrying value $ 4,540 $ 4,641 __________ (1) Assets consist primarily of investments in real estate, investments in securities and other miscellaneous assets. (2) Liabilities consist primarily of third-party-borrowed funds, securities repurchase agreements and other miscellaneous liabilities. Years ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (in millions) STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Total revenue(1) $ 4,356 $ 5,632 $ 4,013 Total expenses(2) (1,803 ) (1,654 ) (943 ) Net earnings (losses) $ 2,553 $ 3,978 $ 3,070 Equity in net earnings (losses) included above $ 216 $ 522 $ 255 Equity in net earnings (losses) of limited partnership interests not included above 32 72 77 Total equity in net earnings (losses) $ 248 $ 594 $ 332 __________ (1) Revenue consists of income from investments in real estate, investments in securities and other income. (2) Expenses consist primarily of interest expense, management fees, salary expenses and other expenses. Net Investment Income Net investment income for the years ended December 31, was from the following sources: 2015 2014 2013 (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 10,347 $ 10,558 $ 10,541 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(1) 202 185 125 Equity securities, available-for-sale 337 354 337 Trading account assets 1,205 1,074 963 Commercial mortgage and other loans 2,255 2,103 1,985 Policy loans 619 632 611 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 56 38 40 Other long-term investments 717 1,050 710 Gross investment income 15,738 15,994 15,312 Less: investment expenses (909 ) (738 ) (583 ) Net investment income $ 14,829 $ 15,256 $ 14,729 __________ (1) Includes income on credit-linked notes which are reported on the same financial line item as related surplus notes, as conditions are met for right to offset. Carrying value for non-income producing assets included $343 million in fixed maturities, $11 million in trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities, $1 million in other trading, $5 million in other long-term investments and $10 million in commercial mortgage and other loans as of December 31, 2015 . Non-income producing assets represent investments that have not produced income for the twelve months preceding December 31, 2015 . As of both December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had no significant low-income housing tax credits investments. Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net Realized investment gains (losses), net, for the years ended December 31, were from the following sources: 2015 2014 2013 (in millions) Fixed maturities $ 1,634 $ 1,194 $ (93 ) Equity securities 451 512 444 Commercial mortgage and other loans 37 110 79 Investment real estate 40 (5 ) 2 Joint ventures and limited partnerships (122 ) (15 ) 34 Derivatives(1) 1,970 (182 ) (5,688 ) Other 15 22 16 Realized investment gains (losses), net $ 4,025 $ 1,636 $ (5,206 ) __________ (1) Includes the offset of hedged items in qualifying effective hedge relationships prior to |