Investments | INVESTMENTS Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities The following tables provide information relating to fixed maturities and equity securities (excluding investments classified as trading) as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(4) (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 21,505 $ 3,280 $ 1,001 $ 23,784 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 9,060 716 84 9,692 0 Foreign government bonds 79,862 16,748 354 96,256 0 U.S. corporate public securities 76,383 6,460 1,232 81,611 (17 ) U.S. corporate private securities(1) 29,974 2,122 308 31,788 (22 ) Foreign corporate public securities 25,758 2,784 305 28,237 (6 ) Foreign corporate private securities 21,383 646 1,149 20,880 0 Asset-backed securities(2) 11,759 229 53 11,935 (288 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 12,589 240 125 12,704 (1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 4,308 238 14 4,532 (3 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 292,581 $ 33,463 $ 4,625 $ 321,419 $ (337 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 7,149 $ 2,641 $ 42 $ 9,748 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity Foreign government bonds $ 839 $ 262 $ 0 $ 1,101 Foreign corporate public securities 651 71 0 722 Foreign corporate private securities(5) 81 4 0 85 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 0 0 0 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 573 43 0 616 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5) $ 2,144 $ 380 $ 0 $ 2,524 __________ (1) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $1,456 million (fair value, $1,456 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (3) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (4) Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI, which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $649 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities and $1 million of net unrealized gains on impaired held-to-maturity securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. (5) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $4,403 million (fair value, $4,403 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(4) (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 14,992 $ 3,544 $ 19 $ 18,517 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 8,089 747 41 8,795 0 Foreign government bonds 71,849 12,011 147 83,713 1 U.S. corporate public securities 70,979 6,344 1,955 75,368 (3 ) U.S. corporate private securities(1) 28,525 2,278 359 30,444 0 Foreign corporate public securities 26,354 2,821 621 28,554 0 Foreign corporate private securities 19,393 739 994 19,138 0 Asset-backed securities(2) 10,121 226 121 10,226 (452 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 10,337 195 70 10,462 (1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 4,777 335 6 5,106 (4 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 265,416 $ 29,240 $ 4,333 $ 290,323 $ (459 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 6,847 $ 2,570 $ 143 $ 9,274 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity Foreign government bonds $ 816 $ 196 $ 0 $ 1,012 Foreign corporate public securities 625 62 0 687 Foreign corporate private securities(5) 78 4 0 82 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 33 1 0 34 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 756 53 0 809 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5) $ 2,308 $ 316 $ 0 $ 2,624 __________ (1) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $1,050 million (fair value, $1,039 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (3) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (4) Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI, which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $693 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities and less than $1 million of net unrealized gains on impaired held-to-maturity securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. (5) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $3,850 million (fair value, $4,081 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities and equity securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31 for the years indicated: 2016 Less than twelve months Twelve months or more Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in millions) Fixed maturities(1) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 9,345 $ 1,001 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,345 $ 1,001 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 2,677 79 19 5 2,696 84 Foreign government bonds 6,076 325 310 29 6,386 354 U.S. corporate public securities 22,803 905 2,943 327 25,746 1,232 U.S. corporate private securities 7,797 228 1,296 80 9,093 308 Foreign corporate public securities 5,196 162 1,047 143 6,243 305 Foreign corporate private securities 6,557 350 4,916 799 11,473 1,149 Asset-backed securities 2,357 20 1,581 33 3,938 53 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 4,879 123 60 2 4,939 125 Residential mortgage-backed securities 926 12 78 2 1,004 14 Total $ 68,613 $ 3,205 $ 12,250 $ 1,420 $ 80,863 $ 4,625 Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 637 $ 41 $ 12 $ 1 $ 649 $ 42 __________ (1) Includes $12 million of fair value and less than $1 million of gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 , on securities classified as held-to-maturity, which is not reflected in AOCI. 2015 Less than twelve months Twelve months or more Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in millions) Fixed maturities U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 3,068 $ 19 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,068 $ 19 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 1,391 40 7 1 1,398 41 Foreign government bonds 1,925 82 411 65 2,336 147 U.S. corporate public securities 24,642 1,396 3,455 559 28,097 1,955 U.S. corporate private securities 6,996 266 802 93 7,798 359 Foreign corporate public securities 5,985 288 1,584 333 7,569 621 Foreign corporate private securities 6,199 340 3,917 654 10,116 994 Asset-backed securities 4,342 33 3,138 88 7,480 121 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,888 63 473 7 4,361 70 Residential mortgage-backed securities 558 4 119 2 677 6 Total $ 58,994 $ 2,531 $ 13,906 $ 1,802 $ 72,900 $ 4,333 Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 1,862 $ 142 $ 11 $ 1 $ 1,873 $ 143 The gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , were composed of $4,233 million and $3,750 million , respectively, related to high or highest quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $392 million and $583 million , respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. At December 31, 2016 , the $1,420 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the energy, utility and capital goods sectors of the Company’s corporate securities. At December 31, 2015 , the $1,802 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the energy, consumer non-cyclical and basic industry sectors of the Company’s corporate securities. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2, the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these securities was not warranted at either December 31, 2016 or 2015 . These conclusions are based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows on each security. The gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to general credit spread widening and foreign currency exchange rate movements. At December 31, 2016 , the Company does not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2016 , $9 million of the gross unrealized losses on equity securities represented declines in value of greater than 20%, $8 million of which had been in that position for less than six months. At December 31, 2015 , $19 million of the gross unrealized losses on equity securities represented declines in value of greater than 20%, all of which had been in that position for less than six months. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2, the Company concluded that an adjustment for OTTI for these equity securities was not warranted at either December 31, 2016 or 2015 . The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities at December 31, 2016 , are as follows: Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Due in one year or less $ 9,264 $ 9,827 $ 11 $ 11 Due after one year through five years 44,669 48,592 172 181 Due after five years through ten years 61,561 65,832 552 618 Due after ten years(1) 148,431 167,997 836 1,098 Asset-backed securities 11,759 11,935 0 0 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 12,589 12,704 0 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,308 4,532 573 616 Total $ 292,581 $ 321,419 $ 2,144 $ 2,524 __________ (1) Excludes available-for-sale notes with amortized cost of $1,456 million (fair value, $1,456 million ) and held-to-maturity notes with amortized cost of $4,403 million (fair value, $4,403 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they are not due at a single maturity date. The following table depicts the sources of fixed maturity and equity security proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on impairments of both fixed maturities and equity securities: 2016 2015 2014 (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale Proceeds from sales(1) $ 29,878 $ 27,679 $ 28,359 Proceeds from maturities/repayments 19,710 19,559 21,040 Gross investment gains from sales, prepayments and maturities 1,433 2,115 1,664 Gross investment losses from sales and maturities (545 ) (340 ) (414 ) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity Gross investment gains from prepayments $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Proceeds from maturities/repayments(2) 272 235 415 Equity securities, available-for-sale Proceeds from sales(3) $ 3,504 $ 4,589 $ 4,993 Gross investment gains from sales 608 746 676 Gross investment losses from sales (158 ) (169 ) (132 ) Fixed maturity and equity security impairments Net writedowns for other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturities recognized in earnings(4) $ (222 ) $ (141 ) $ (56 ) Writedowns for impairments on equity securities (74 ) (126 ) (32 ) __________ (1) Includes $(125) million , $158 million and $(130) million of non-cash related proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. (2) Includes $1 million , less than $1 million and less than $1 million of non-cash related proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. (3) Includes $2 million , $12 million and $(8) million of non-cash related proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. (4) Excludes the portion of OTTI recorded in “Other comprehensive income (loss)” (“OCI”), representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of impairment. As discussed in Note 2, a portion of certain OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities is recognized in OCI. For these securities, the net amount recognized in earnings (“credit loss impairments”) represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any remaining difference between the fair value and amortized cost is recognized in OCI. The following table sets forth the amount of pre-tax credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company as of the dates indicated, for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 (in millions) Balance, beginning of period $ 532 $ 781 Credit loss impairments previously recognized on securities which matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period (229 ) (243 ) Credit loss impairments previously recognized on securities impaired to fair value during the period(1) (2 ) (20 ) Credit loss impairments recognized in the current period on securities not previously impaired 41 3 Additional credit loss impairments recognized in the current period on securities previously impaired 1 3 Increases due to the passage of time on previously recorded credit losses 24 20 Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized due to an increase in cash flows expected to be collected (8 ) (12 ) Balance, end of period $ 359 $ 532 __________ (1) Represents circumstances where the Company determined in the current period that it intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s amortized cost. Trading Account Assets Supporting Insurance Liabilities The following table sets forth the composition of “Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Short-term investments and cash equivalents $ 655 $ 655 $ 765 $ 765 Fixed maturities: Corporate securities 13,903 13,997 12,797 12,851 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,032 2,052 1,860 1,862 Residential mortgage-backed securities(1) 1,142 1,150 1,411 1,428 Asset-backed securities(2) 1,333 1,349 1,295 1,299 Foreign government bonds 915 926 680 694 U.S. government authorities and agencies and obligations of U.S. states 330 376 326 369 Total fixed maturities 19,655 19,850 18,369 18,503 Equity securities 1,097 1,335 1,030 1,254 Total trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities $ 21,407 $ 21,840 $ 20,164 $ 20,522 __________ (1) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $75 million , $(642) million and $144 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Other Trading Account Assets The following table sets forth the composition of the “Other trading account assets” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Short-term investments and cash equivalents $ 26 $ 26 $ 26 $ 26 Fixed maturities 3,634 3,453 11,132 10,764 Equity securities 985 1,056 1,006 1,098 Other 4 5 12 15 Subtotal $ 4,649 4,540 $ 12,176 11,903 Derivative instruments 1,224 2,555 Total other trading account assets $ 5,764 $ 14,458 The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from other trading account assets, excluding derivative instruments, still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $164 million , $(366) million and $(108) million during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Concentrations of Financial Instruments The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio which limits exposure to any one issuer. As of both December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk of single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included securities of the U.S. government, certain U.S. government agencies and certain securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, as well as the securities disclosed below. December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Investments in Japanese government and government agency securities: Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 60,240 $ 73,051 $ 53,851 $ 61,911 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity 818 1,075 796 988 Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities 537 550 492 502 Other trading account assets 16 16 33 33 Total $ 61,611 $ 74,692 $ 55,172 $ 63,434 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Investments in South Korean government and government agency securities: Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 7,581 $ 9,435 $ 7,191 $ 9,233 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity 0 0 0 0 Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities 44 44 44 44 Other trading account assets 0 0 0 0 Total $ 7,625 $ 9,479 $ 7,235 $ 9,277 Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans The Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans are comprised as follows, as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amount (in millions) % of Total Amount (in millions) % of Total Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type: Office $ 12,424 23.9 % $ 11,226 22.9 % Retail 8,555 16.5 8,917 18.2 Apartments/Multi-Family 13,733 26.4 12,034 24.5 Industrial 8,075 15.5 7,775 15.9 Hospitality 2,274 4.4 2,513 5.1 Other 3,966 7.6 3,722 7.6 Total commercial mortgage loans 49,027 94.3 46,187 94.2 Agricultural property loans 2,958 5.7 2,859 5.8 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 51,985 100.0 % 49,046 100.0 % Valuation allowance (98 ) (99 ) Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 51,887 48,947 Other loans: Uncollateralized loans 638 1,012 Residential property loans 252 301 Other collateralized loans 10 312 Total other loans 900 1,625 Valuation allowance (8 ) (13 ) Total net other loans 892 1,612 Total commercial mortgage and other loans(1) $ 52,779 $ 50,559 __________ (1) Includes loans held at fair value. The commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans are geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in California ( 27% ), New York ( 9% ) and Texas ( 9% )) and include loans secured by properties in Europe ( 4% ) and Asia ( 1% ) at December 31, 2016 . Activity in the allowance for credit losses for all commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated, is as follows: December 31, 2016 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of year $ 97 $ 2 $ 3 $ 0 $ 10 $ 112 Addition to (release of) allowance for losses 0 0 (1 ) 0 (5 ) (6 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1 ) 0 0 0 0 (1 ) Change in foreign exchange 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total ending balance $ 96 $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 $ 6 $ 106 December 31, 2015 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of year $ 104 $ 1 $ 5 $ 0 $ 9 $ 119 Addition to (release of) allowance for losses (7 ) 1 (2 ) 0 1 (7 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 0 Change in foreign exchange 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 97 $ 2 $ 3 $ 0 $ 10 $ 112 The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in commercial mortgage and other loans as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for Credit Losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 6 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 6 Collectively evaluated for impairment 90 2 2 0 6 100 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 96 $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 $ 6 $ 106 Recorded Investment(1): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 116 $ 30 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2 $ 148 Collectively evaluated for impairment 48,911 2,928 252 10 636 52,737 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 49,027 $ 2,958 $ 252 $ 10 $ 638 $ 52,885 __________ (1) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. December 31, 2015 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for Credit Losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1 Collectively evaluated for impairment 96 2 3 0 10 111 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 97 $ 2 $ 3 $ 0 $ 10 $ 112 Recorded Investment(1): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 111 $ 8 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2 $ 121 Collectively evaluated for impairment 46,076 2,851 301 312 1,010 50,550 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 46,187 $ 2,859 $ 301 $ 312 $ 1,012 $ 50,671 __________ (1) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. The net carrying value of commercial mortgage and other loans held for sale by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , was $519 million and $274 million , respectively. For all of these loans, the Company pre-arranges that it will sell the loan to an investor. As of both December 31, 2016 and 2015 , all of the Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans held for sale were collateralized, with collateral primarily consisting of apartment complexes. The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses as of the date indicated: Commercial mortgage loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2016 > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 28,131 $ 446 $ 626 $ 29,203 60%-69.99% 12,608 401 115 13,124 70%-79.99% 5,383 694 56 6,133 80% or greater 373 62 132 567 Total commercial mortgage loans $ 46,495 $ 1,603 $ 929 $ 49,027 Agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2016 > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 2,803 $ 114 $ 17 $ 2,934 60%-69.99% 24 0 0 24 70%-79.99% 0 0 0 0 80% or greater 0 0 0 0 Total agricultural property loans $ 2,827 $ 114 $ 17 $ 2,958 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2016 > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 30,934 $ 560 $ 643 $ 32,137 60%-69.99% 12,632 401 115 13,148 70%-79.99% 5,383 694 56 6,133 80% or greater 373 62 132 567 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 49,322 $ 1,717 $ 946 $ 51,985 The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses as of the date indicated: Commercial mortgage loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2015 > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 25,978 $ 515 $ 207 $ 26,700 60%-69.99% 12,191 395 234 12,820 70%-79.99% 5,668 500 97 6,265 80% or greater 119 151 132 402 Total commercial mortgage loans $ 43,956 $ 1,561 $ 670 $ 46,187 Agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2015 > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 2,587 $ 84 $ 3 $ 2,674 60%-69.99% 185 0 0 185 70%-79.99% 0 0 0 0 80% or greater 0 0 0 0 Total agricultural property loans $ 2,772 $ 84 $ 3 $ 2,859 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans Debt Service Coverage Ratio—December 31, 2015 > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X Less than 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio 0%-59.99% $ 28,565 $ 599 $ 210 $ 29,374 60%-69.99% 12,376 395 234 13,005 70%-79.99% 5,668 500 97 6,265 80% or greater 119 151 132 402 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 46,728 $ 1,645 $ 673 $ 49,046 The following tables provide an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans as of the dates indicated, based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2016 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Past Due Total Loans Non- Accrual Status (in millions) Commercial mortgage loans $ 49,006 $ 21 $ 0 $ 0 $ 21 $ 49,027 $ 49 Agricultural property loans 2,956 0 0 2 2 2,958 2 Residential property loans 241 7 1 3 11 252 3 Other collateralized loans 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 Uncollateralized loans 638 0 0 0 0 638 0 Total $ 52,851 $ 28 $ 1 $ 5 $ 34 $ 52,885 $ 54 __________ (1) There were no loans accruing interest. December 31, 2015 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Past Due Total Loans Non- Accrual Status (in millions) Commercial mortgage loans $ 46,187 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 46,187 $ 53 Agricultural property loans 2,856 2 0 1 3 2,859 1 Residential property loans 288 7 0 6 13 301 6 Other collateralized loans 312 0 0 0 0 312 0 Uncollateralized loans 1,012 0 0 0 0 1,012 0 Total $ 50,655 $ 9 $ 0 $ 7 $ 16 $ 50,671 $ 60 __________ (1) There were no loans accruing interest. See Note 2 for further discussion regarding non-accrual status loans. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there were $0 million and $214 million , respectively, of commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there were $0 million and $18 million of commercial mortgage and other loans sold, other than those classified as held-for-sale. The Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans may occasionally be involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of both December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company had no significant commitments to borrowers that have been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there were $47 million and $0 million of new troubled debt restructurings related to commercial mortgage loans with payment defaults that were modified as a troubled debt restructuring within the twelve months preceding. See Note 2 for additional information relating to the accounting for troubled debt restructurings. As of December 31, 2016 , there were no private debt commitments to borrowers that have been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. Other Long-Term Investments The following table sets forth the composition of “Other long-term investments” at December 31 for the years indicated: 2016 2015 (in millions) Joint ventures and limited partnerships: Private equity $ 4,059 $ 4,393 Hedge funds 2,660 2,054 Real estate-related 1,291 1,085 Total joint ventures and limited partnerships 8,010 7,532 Real estate held through direct ownership 2,195 1,464 Other 1,078 990 Total other long-term investments $ 11,283 $ 9,986 In certain investment structures, the Company’s asset management business invests with other co-investors in an investment fund referred to as a feeder fund. In these structures, the invested capital of several feeder funds is pooled together and used to purchase ownership interests in another fund, referred to as a master fund. The master fund utilizes this invested capital and, in certain cases, other debt financing, to purchase various classes of assets on behalf of its investors. Specialized industry accounting for investment companies calls for the feeder fund to reflect its investment in the master fund as a single net asset equal to its proportionate share of the net assets of the master fund, regardless of its level of interest in the master fund. In cases where the Company consolidates the feeder fund, it retains the feeder fund’s net asset presentation and reports the consolidated feeder fund’s proportionate share of the net assets of the master fund in “Other long-term investments,” with any unaffiliated investors’ non-controlling interest in the feeder fund reported in “Other liabilities” or “Noncontrolling interests.” The consolidated feeder funds’ investments in these master funds, reflected on this net asset basis, totaled $216 million and $81 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. There was $93 million and $0 million of unaffiliated interest in the consolidated feeder funds as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and the master funds had gross assets of $36,279 million and $17,508 million , respectively, and gross liabilities of $34,880 million and $16,920 million , respectively, which are not included on the Company’s balance sheet. Equity Method Investments The following tables set forth summarized combined financial information for significant joint ventures and limited partnership interests accounted for under the equity method, including the Company’s investments in operating joint ventures that are described in more detail in Note 7. Changes between periods in the tables below reflect changes in the activities within the joint ventures and limited partnerships, as well as changes in the Company’s level of investment in such entities. At December 31, 2016 2015 (in millions) STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION Total assets(1) $ 59,897 $ 53,799 Total liabilities(2) $ 14,787 $ 13,610 Partners’ capital 45,110 40,189 Total liabilities and partners’ capital $ 59,897 $ 53,799 Total liabilities and partners’ capital included above $ 5,135 $ 4,398 Equity in limited partnership interests not included above 592 142 Carrying value $ 5,727 $ 4,540 __________ (1) Assets consist primarily of investments in real estate, investments in securities and other miscellaneous assets. (2) Liabilities consist primarily of third-party-borrowed funds, securities repurchase agreements and other miscellaneous liabilities. Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (in millions) STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Total revenue(1) $ 5,360 $ 4,356 $ 5,632 Total expenses(2) (1,995 ) (1,803 ) (1,654 ) Net earnings (losses) $ 3,365 $ 2,553 $ 3,978 Equity in net earnings (losses) included above $ 247 $ 216 $ 522 Equity in net earnings (losses) of limited partnership interests not included above 103 32 72 Total equity in net earnings (losses) $ 350 $ 248 $ 594 __________ (1) Revenue consists of income from investments in real estate, investments in securities and other income. (2) Expenses consist primarily of interest expense, management fees, salary expenses and other expenses. Net Investment Income The following table sets forth net investment income by asset class for the years ended December 31: 2016 2015 2014 (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1)(2) $ 10,920 $ 10,347 $ 10,558 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(1)(2) 208 202 185 Equity securities, available-for-sale 366 337 354 Trading account assets 986 1,205 1,074 Commercial mortgage and other loans 2,243 2,255 2,103 Policy loans 627 619 632 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 145 56 38 Other long-term investments 731 717 1,050 Gross investment income 16,226 15,738 15,994 Less: investment expenses (706 ) (909 ) (738 ) Net investment income $ 15,520 $ 14,829 $ 15,256 __________ (1) Includes income on credit-link |